r':"
\
The Alamance Gleaner
* -tt
ML LZXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1945 NO. 48
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
U. S. Code Interceptions Bared
Jap War Plans; Attlee Outlines
Labor Party Economic Program
i Released by Western Newspaper Union.
f?i?*> : When ? platens are expressed la these ?eleaaas. they are these el
Rhaflana Rsaapaper Ualea's news aaalyRs aad set aecessarlly at thia newspaper.)
Mm JaM O. S.-British commisiion studies Palestine problem, Jewish
jnaA pwadt in Jernsalem in protest against restriction of immigration
rEAKL HARBOR:
Cada Secrets
Ma tee Hari Harbor investigation
m* ariBvajr at Washington, D. C.,
Ua a joint 10-man congres
Aaal oamiiUt, intercepted mes
aga placed in the records dis
dtal kat D. S. intelligence offl
aeaa had cracked the secret Japa
nese cade a year before the start of
Btede the early .intercepted mes
enges dealt with ship movements,
sBmd interest centered in the diplo
?die daoancnts dating from July
X MM, when Tokyo told Berlin that
daw aadd work for its "greater
ibat Mam co-prosperity sphere" re
Cmteeas at the world situation.
(ha ?aicuiber 22, Tokyo advised
Isaaa and Kurusu, Jap envoys
aagMtetiac in Washington with Sec
aataay at State Hull, that it had
heea derided to set November 29 as
dw kaai date for effecting an agree
aat, alter which things would
"idawdicallj . . . happen" in case
af fahae Then on November 26,
?aaaaara told Tokyo of Hull's ulti
aitiai and the improbability of
seaehmg a settlement.
Oa Botember 30, Tokyo informed
teriin at the imminence of war with
tee U. & and later relayed the same
amange to Rome. Meanwhile,
Tokyo warned its consulates on De
aeateer 3 to be on guard for the
"winds" messages in short wave ra
tes broadcasts indicating rupture of
si I iitaasu with the Allies. The "east
wind, rain" message (meaning war
with the U. S.) then came through
an December 5.
dasang the last messages decoded
wen Tokyo's reply to Hull's ultima
tm oa December 6, with final in
aliaLtions for presentation to the
W. S. at 1 p. m. the following day
aaeuag in on the morning of De
cember T. Dated December 7, a Jap
message from Budapest, Hungary,
te Tnkya stated that the American
amaiater to that country had pre
sented its government with a com
mswive from the British that a
slate af war would break out on the
?CTALK:
Kfinim U. S.
te tee aation's capital to discuss
tegaedian of the horrific atom bomb
ad tecchy international questions,
teriiite Prime Minister Attlee also
teamd time to address congress and
mtetea tea democratic objectives of
las later party just as negotiations
ter a sateb-trillion dollar loan from
ten V. X were materializing.
Aimed at helping Britain get its
a^art - import trade functioning
apm and lighten the load of six bit
tern deters at debts to wartime cred
teea. teo projected multi-billion dot
ten adsanea was attacked in some
testes an an aid to the labor party
te nacaatering the United Kingdom,
te adteemteg congress, Attlee de
stenad teat British businesses were
atef la te nationalized when they
Bad teawa into monopolies detri
maatel la tea economy.
?b rsadfcai in speech or uppoor
mg-tea abort, tattld-mannered,
mmdachsd British leader descriWd
tea htesr party as a representative ?
eeaasnaeten of liberal English so
?mte. ste professional and business
mm. and even aristocrats, joining
?dtedte awl lug classes in its mem
tedteMMtehif to retain the secret
dmiteddml Truman and Attlee
dhateead teat antil effective safe
structure use, no advantage would
come from sharing.its use. To work
out such safeguards permitting ex
change of vital information on atom
ic e?eriy tor industrial purposes,
the Big Two recommended the crea
tion of a United Nations commis
sion.
revealed by Foreign Minister
m the house of commons re
cently, Britain has expressed deep
concern over Russian demands for
trusteeship of Eritrea and Tripoli
liVhm "'S Near East' and estab
lishment of a naval base in the
Dodecanese islands, inasmuch as
these territories lie athwart the
IS u thfe"line" ?' the empire
through the Mediterranean and Suez
canal.
Coincident with Attlee's visit to
Washington was the U. S. and Brit
ish announcement that a joint com
mission of the tWb countries would
undertake a study of the ticklish
Jewish immigration question with a
view toward easing the plight of
European refugees.
Pressing importance of the is
sue was emphasised by contin
ued Arab and Jewish riots in the
Near East, with scores killed
and wounded in widespread
demonstrations over the ques
tion or making Palestine a na- I
tional homeland for the He
brews.
Because they have been banded
into a league 33 million strong
spread over the entire Near East
with control over rich oil deposits!
cherished by U. S. and British con
cerns, the Arabs have greatly com- I
plicated settlement of the Palestine
issue in view of their stubborn oppo
sition to large-scale Jewish immi
gration.
Taking the Arab objections into I
consideration, the joint U. S. and
British commission will look into
the question of whether heavy im
migration would upset the Arabs'
political and economic position in
Palestine. Consideration also was I
to be given to providing remedial
action in Europe itself and allow
ing immigration to other countries I
JAPAN:
Seek Trade
As the question of reconstituting
the Japanese economy arose, Nip
ponese officials drew a pattern for
the nation's future trade relations
with the world by recommending a
barter system to facilitate immedi
ate imports of needed foodstuffs and
r*w materials. Under terms of sur
render, Japan will not be permitted
to produce some of the items for
merly exported.
Under the Japanese proposal for
the resumption of trade, Nippon
would receive substantial amounts
of food, salt, cotton, copra, coal, iron
ore and non-ferrous metals, in ex
change for gold, diamonds, silk, cot
ton goods, chemical products, med
ical supplies, machinery, hardware,
and tin.
The problem of recreating the
Japanese economy was pointed up
by revelation that the country had
been the sixth biggest prewar export
m, shipping out wJmost a
dollars worth of goods each year.
Of the tagal amount, China obtained
the largest part, with the U. S. and
India following.
Of the total amount, China ob
tained 17J per cent; the U. S., 18.1
per cmt; India, ?J per cent; Great
Britain, 3.7 per cent; Latin America.
3 per cent; Australia. I per cent'
sad Germany 0.7 per cent Other
European and Asiatic countries
InofcJU and 3.1 per coat of aw re
FOOD:
Europe's Need
As congress wrangled over appro
priation of $550,000,000 to complete
the original government pledge at
$1,350,000,000 to the United Nations
Relief and Rehabilitation adminis
tration, and President Truman
asked for another $1,350,000,000 for
the agency, UNRRA officials abroad
estimated that liberated European
countries would need 9,000,000 tons
of foodstuffs this winter to avoid
starvation and serious malnutrition..
Because of interruptions in farm
ing caused by the war and drouth,
European agriculture will be able
to furnish metropolitan districts
with food assuring a daily intake of
only 1,200 calories, UNRRA said.
Though receipt of 9,000,000 tons of
food would boost this figure to 2,000
calories, the diet still would fall be
low standard nutritional require
ments.
Investigations in Czechoslovakia,
Greece, Italy, Denmark, Holland,
Belgium, Yugoslavia and Norway
revealed that there was a pressing
need for teed to help rebuild the
cattle and dairy industries, serious
ly depleted by butchering of con
quering armies and the diversion
of grains to human consumption.
Having already shipped 2,400 cows
to southern and eastern Europe,
UNRRA plans additional substantial
monthly deliveries through the win
ter.
Meanwhile, American grain mar
kets boomed upon the prospect of
heavy demand in the coming months,
with cash and December rye a sen
sational leader on the Chicago Board
of Trade.
Cash rye held a substantial mar
gin over cash wheat, what with dis
tillers scrambling for the grain in
view of a shortage of corn and sor
ghum, while the December future
soared to almost $1.90 a bushel, top
ping December wheat for the first
time since 1921.
Another bullish factor in the mar
ket was an estimated drop of 287,
000,000 bushels in the 1944 rye crop
in Europe where the grain is an im-'
poriant bread staple, and smaller
supplies in both the U. S. and Can
ada.
Because of the slowness in deliv
ery of grain to coastal ports, many
experts feared exports in the early
half of 1946 might fall below ex
pectations. Railroads clamped on
emergency demurrage charges in
an effort to speed up unloading of
box cars to ease the situation.
'Sonny' Sets Fast Pace
To the question of what makes Ellsworth
("Sonny"I Wisecmrver, 16, to irresistahla
to women older than him, Mrs. Eleanor
Deveny, 24, who figured in his latest ro
mantic interlude, mused: "Dream man?
Ideal companion?Perfect lover."
Mother of two children and wife of an
army corporal serving in Japan, Mrs.
Deveny eloped with "Sonny" following ?
Mrs. Deveny arid*4Sonny."
meeting at the home of a mutual friend.
Two yean ago, Mr*. Elaine Monfredi, 22,
and also the mother of two children, ran
off with young Wisecarver in hi* fust amor
ous episode.
In elaborating on "Sonny's* attributes,
Mrs. Deveny asserted: mFd like to take
care of him the rest of my life. . ? . He's
good, considerate and older than his years."
She would not return to her husband, she
said.
CHINA:
Friendly Enemies
Once deadly enemies, Chinese na
tionalists and Japanese troops have
become brothers in arms in north
ern China, where Nipponese forces
have been employed by the central
government for the protection of vi
tal territory and railroads against
communist attack.
While the Japanese actively aided
the nationalists in their drive to se
cure a foothold in the north, U. 8.
marines kept their distance in the
bloody strife between Chiang Kai
shek's troops and the Reds, being
ordered only to guard American
lives and ptopeity in the battle zone.
Meanwhile, the nationalists pressed
their advantage with land lean" sup
plies originally destined for use
against the Japanese. __
Though fighting raged throughout
the whole northern area, attention
was riveted on nationalist attempts
to smash into the industrial province
of Manchuria, which the commu
nists reportedly planned to convert
into a military stronghold. Early
wan, gateway city to Manchuria
lying at the eastern end c< Am Oreat
s_W^i
Man About Town:
Facet About Town: U. S. Senator
Warren Magnnson in the St Merits
foyer. . . . Lovely Jan Clayton, the
"Carouael" (tar, actually being seen
In public with a critic I . . . Dame
May Whitty, the 80-year-old star,
whose mute eloquence in the last act
of "Therese" at the Biltmore is
something for players to study. . . .
Sec'y of the Treasury Vinson en
countering H. Morgenthau and say
ing: "You're a smart man, Henry;
you got out at the top!" . . . In Sar
di's, Nancy Walker swapping sa
_ lutes, while a one-time "world's
most famous woman" went unrec
ognized?Irene Castle.
Sallies in Our Alley: Some mid
towners were planning, a testimonial
dinner for a showman and won
dered who to get for to astm aster.
"If we can't get Jimmy Walker,"
one said, "how about Nick Kenny?"
. . _ "What I" ATrlnlmA/l annthar
"And have all the introductions in
rhyme?" . . . Ozzie Nelson knows
some actors in a new Broadway
show who (ell asleep watchinf critic
George Jean Nathan!
Mid town Vignette: She has a spe
cial job in a swank dinner place
studying the patrons the proprietor
wants to see in his place often. It
she approves "their looks," she
learns their names and addresses,
and they go on the spot's .mailing
list, etc. . . . Last night she was
depressed. . . . The boss asked her:
"What's on your mind?your fel
ler?" . . . "Yes," she said. "We
had a fight. I told him to romance
everything in skirts in the U. 6.?and
then come back to me." . . . "Is
that why you're so unhappy?" she
was asked. . . . "No," she replied,
"it's this: After I told him that,
I phoned the N. Y. Mirror and asked
them how many girls there are in
the U. S: A." . . . "And how maqy*
are there?" asked the boss. . . .
"67,670,302!" she sighed.
Bigtown Side-Shows: When the
President was here (or Navy Day
he congratulated the Mayor on find
ing a new home. . . . "Thanks,"
said the Li'l Flower, "you know it
takes a lot of work hunting a new
house these days. I trust you don't
have to do that (or a long, long
time." ... An amorous old fellow
leaned across the table and whis
pered through the smoky night club
atmosphere: "Let's'go some piece
where we'll be alone." . . . "Okay,"
drawled his cutie. "Let's each go
home." . . . Martin Ragaway, a gag
writer, phoned NBC's George Wolf.
When Wolf learned it was Ragaway,
he barked: "Gwan, you phony. The
only time you ever call me is when
you want eomething! . . . Go
ahead, keep on talking," waa the
candid retort. "Ill think of some
thing!"
The Big-Time: "The Lost Week
end," an intoxicating epic, with
flawless acting by Ray Mill and,
Jane Wyman and the others?a
; Paramount click. . . . Jeanne Burns
| at the Monkey Bar . . . Cass Daley's
| Sunday program via NBC. . . . The
dancing of Kim and Kathy Gaynes
in "The Girl from Nantucket." . . .
I Lee Sullivan's thrushing. . . . Jack
> Smith's on CBS. . . . "Tubby, the
: Tuba" (a Cosmo recording), a grand
novelty. It's supposed to be the
tragic tale of a tuba, unhappy be
; cause the other instruments make
fun of him as all he can do Is go
oompah-oompah.
Main Stem Ticker: More impor
tant than the election or other news
around oust sector wag the death-of
Jerome Kern. . . . There's a valet
at the Shsrry-Netherland Hotel who
was once an Olympic track champ.
Each ayem he paces three miles
around the park and used to be ac
companied by his dog. The dog is
now tan years old and is winded.
It now sits on a bench sad waits for
him. . . . Since Music Corp. of
America signed up Mayor La
Guardia for a radio spot, wags say:
"Looks like you have to break in
your act at City Hall before MCA
is interested!"
a ???
Beanie to toe Night: At Reuben's:
"She's glad the war is over. Now
she can gat parts for her face." ...
At Enduro: "He's an m.e.?medi
ocre comic." ... At the Blue Angel:
"She's the daughter at a social but
terfly and ha'a a son of a baa." .. .
At vaiepigue's: "She thinks she has
a comer on his lave whan she mere
ly bos one at the points at a triangle
... b the Dixie lobby: "Da you
think Mark Twain will ever become
another Bennett CerfT"
-
ll
Fifty years ago J. Fratsk Duryea
and kit brother, Charles, formed
the Duryea Motor Wagon Corp.
They mode and told 16 of the
quaint machines in 1996. Theirs
icat the pioneer automobile man
ufacturing company of the United
States.
The 1895 model teas described |
as a vehicle running "on four
wheels with pneumatic tires and
ball bearings. Speed is controlled
by a proper arrangement of gears,
cones and levers."
The Duryea company, despite
its early start and the prestige
enjoyed by the car following the
victory in the American automo
bile race at Chicago on Thanhs
giving Day, 1895, faded out in
the 1900s.
J. Prank Duryem (left) at the tiller
at his ear at the start at the ftrst
automobile race in the Dnited Stateo
held in Chicago on Thanksgiving
Day, 1895. Beside Dnryea is Arthur
M. White, an umpire.
3O Years "Au
?
By AL JEDLICKA _
FIFTY years ago, H. H.
Kohlsaat, editor and pub
lisher of the old Chicago
Times-Herald, took up his pen
to make this daring prediction
to a skeptical public:
"The horse still has work to
do hut motors are coming in and
they will, in the end, ho cheap
er, faster and more economical.
They will of necessity command
ultimate supremacy. The law of
selection, the survival of the
fittest, Is going to play its part
in carrying it out u it has
played it in everything else in
the world."
Kohlsaat was drumming up his
promotion of the flrst American
automobile race to be run at Chi
cago, Dl? with the twin objectives
al ? popularizing the motor car and
improving the country's roadways.
His was no easy task, for, though
the automobile has since become an
important economic and social link
in American life, it was then looked
upon with curiosity and even suspi
cion.
Indeed, the nation's farmers then
were in the forefront of opposition
to the automobile, as exemplified by
the affronts suffered by Louis Green
ough and Harry Adams of Pierre,
S. D., in the early nineties. Having
constructed a homemade "horse
leas wagon," powered by a two-cyl
inder gas engine and capable of
seating eight, the progressive pair
were refused the right to carry pas
sengers at county fairs, and were
m. m i ?t ? a. j.:?.
even rciUMu ^[missiuu ui uiivc
their vehicle inside the town limits
of Mitchell.
Ssld the Press and DskeUn:
"It to ? deed moral certainty
that that infernal machine will
frighten horses aad ?dinger
the Uvea at mam. women aad
children."
'Model r Arrives.
By the time Henry Ford's old
Model T started rolling in the 1900s,
however, the American farmer, like
his other compatriots, was rapidly
accepting the new motor car. Rad
ical Improvements fat construction
and design have come through the
years. A vast, integrated roadway
i system presently comprising near
ly 000,000 miles in state highways
alone has been constructed. Almost
from the start, the gas-driven car
supplanted the electric and steam
jobs, proving a steadier source of
power and simpler to maintain.
The extent of the development of
the automobile in the 90 years, dat
ing from the first American race,
to vividly shown in the Chicago
' Museum of Science and Industry's
exhibit in connection with the cele
bration of the motor car's golden an
niversary.
It was at the southwest entrance
Of the present museum, then the
Fine Arts Building of the Columbian
Exposition of MM. that the herald
ed race at MM got under way, with
six vahtel? lined up. Four were gas
driven of either douhle or single
cylinder motors, end two were elec
tric-powered.
According to accowts, a goodly
throng was on hand to aaa the start
of the 55-mile race from Chicago to
Evanatpn and hade The roads were
slushy "from aa early fihowfall.
Crowds pcuoaed About the high
wheeled,-.buggy-type vehicles in
wonder, only drawing bade to permit
the drivers to start off.
With Kohlaaat bant upon making
the race a constructive event rath
er than a circus, strict rules was*
laid deem tor lodging the winner,
with a total of $5,000 la cash prises.
AwardiMsrere tokens?dej?^guik
machines, economy of operation, i
and appearance or design. I
Three of the contestants dropped
out early in the race, one gas-driv- I
en Job failing to obtain sufficient i
traction in the slippery going, and I
two electric-powered vehicles retlr- !
ing because of battery limitations..
Only Two Finished. I
That left three gas-powered ma- i
chines in the running, with one, the I
Rogers, entered by the Macys of
New York, tailing out after first col
liding with a street car and dam- i
aging the gearing and then running
into a hack and bending the steer
ing apparatus.
With four vehicles eliminated,
only the two-cylinder Duryea Mo
tor Wagon, piloted by Prank Duryea,
and the single-cylinder imported
Benz, driven by Oscar Mueller and
Charles King, remained to fight it
out Traveling the distance in a lit
tle over 10 hours, Duryea crossed
the line first, with King, who re
lieved Mueller after he collapsed
under the tension, following close be
hind.
Though the winning car Is not
on exhibition at the museum, a sur
rey-type Stevens-Duryea model of
the 1900s is to be seen, with its
brass kerosene lamps, folding top
and leather mudguards. A four-seat
er, the driver was situated in the
back, with the engine beneath him.
First to win an American automo
This I* m ot the hsndsomest at the m* Mr*, the Fickxrt Clipper
for 1MI. The dashing appearance ha* beea achieved by rtderipiif the
radiator grille aad by mere massive sidegoard hampers. Celeital new
interiors aad eleaa-tiaed modem styling also eahaaeo Its beaaty. Tbero
have beea maay mechanical improvements, too.
bile race, Duryea also had the dia
i Unction ot being the first to sell a
fee-powered motor car in the U. 8.
in ISM.
Next to the Duryea-Stevens, the
Mobile phaeton of 1900 intrigues
moderns used to the sleek stream
liners ot today. A surrey-like four
seater with "steering handle" in the
rear, this vehicle bad an open front
and a square canvas top with tas
seled fringes. Of wooden structure,
the Mobile was smartly trimmed in
red and black.
Along with the old vehicles, the
Model T Ford of 1908 proves of
especial interest to spectators, mile
stone that it is in American motor
history. None can mistake the Old
T with its high top supported by
metal brackets, its leather seats,
shining black body, brass headlights
and lamps and octagon-shaped hood.
Next comes the big blue Cadillac
touring car of 1911, with its high
windshield, gears on the outer run
ning board, steering wheel on right,
and brass accessories. A four-cyl
inder car, this model possessed an
electric ignition system and bead
lighta.
No Mere Cranking.
It was the installation at the elec
tric starter on the Cadillac of 1911
that marked the first great stride
forward in the development at the
automobile in the U. 8., nit only
enabling an easier and safer method
of operation but also permitting
women to take to motoring.
In inventing the self-starter, C. F.
Kettering, -one of the mechanical
wixards at the industry, was spurred
by the mishap of a friend who frac
tured his arm while cranking. Like
all innovators, Kettering bad 9s am
a gsuntlet of scoffers, but be got oat
of a sirk bod to demonstrate Ma asw
apparatus after a previous test had
miscarried when the car caught Are.
Coming in the same decade was
the closed car, which also represent
ed a marked advance in the motor
Industry since it permitted year
round use of vehicles. On exhibi
tion at the museum is a 1918 cus
tom-built Pierce, with an open driv
er's seat and a closed rear, fash
ioned after the elaborate horse-car
riages of old with oval windows and
fabric upholstery of pearl gray. Also
shown is a gray 1918 Overland
coupe, with the low slung body and
high, box-like cab.
In 1934, automobile engineering
made another significant advance in
the installation of four-wheel brakes
on Buicks, adding to the safety fea
tures of motor vehicles and increas
ing their appeal to the public. The
same year, C. 7. Kettering mads
another notable contribution to the
industry, developing ethyl gasoline,
which increased compression in au
tomobile engines and resulted in
greater power and efficiency and
higher mileage.
Toward the close of the 1920s, the
old custom-built automobile which
had dominated the industry since
production got under way in the
1900s was replaced by the standard
ized car. As a result of the perfec
tion of mass production, more auto
mobiles were turned out at lower
prices, putting motor cars within
the reach of the average and lower
income stouds.
With the development of volume
output, prices ahmasd a comider
able drop between 1939 and 1940, the
average in the former year be
ing 91,007 f.o.b. and in the latter
9770 f.o.b. Betides, the 1940 can
were heavier and improvements in
cluded balloon tires, safety glass,
all-steel bodies, finer springs, stur
dier and better finishes, windshield
wipers and rear view mirrors.
Also in production in 1040 was the
automatic shift, which, like the self
starter, promises to further facili
tate the use of the automobile by
the elimination of the hand shift, oft
so befuddling to the more nettle
some motorist. Still a luxury and
not in general use, the automatic
shift snables drivers to stop and
start without the traditional change
or disengagement of gears, and pro
vides smooth, fast pickup.
Spectators at the museum exhibit
were quick to notice the re vo hi thai
ary difference between the old.
horseless carriages of Duryea'e
days and the new postwar auto
mobiles so exhibit Though repre
senting no radical change over pre
war models, the new cars possess
an abundance of chrome grill en
| tending across the fronts steak
streamlining and many mechanical
refinements.
Indeed. Kohlsaat's prophecy of 199ft
that the automobile was here to dig
and would prove of the greatest util
ity to the American people has beam
amply borne out as the museum ew
hibit shows, even if ftSBlbft -
'enlteQDgjaT - j