I The Alamance Gleaner ^
rdL LXXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 1946 . Na 62
| WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
J Settlement of Steel Strike
Basic to. Industry; Plan to
Revive Essential German Output
. ? Released br Western Newspaper Union. ? ' ? !
(nma i NOTE: When eplaleas are expressed la these eelaasaa. they are these ml
Mtna Newspaper Ualea's aewa aaalysis and net necessarily ml this newspaper.)
LABOR:
laic Dispute
A settlement of the steel case por
feaded early solution to a whole
toriag at major strikes affecting ba
sis todmliii ii and promised speedy
?aaamptkxi of large-scale produc
?aa since reconversion has been re
pasted aa already 90 per cent com
la stepping into the steel dispute
to gsnml a shutdown of the na
tea's mills supplying vital material
to American industry. President
Ttoaaan proposed a settlement on
toe toil at a wage increase ap
pr animating 16 per cent and a
price boost to operators in the
?tdtoriood of $4 a ton. Though
?epmenting a compromise between
toe too parties, the offer fell below
toe OO-United Steel Workers' mini
aama demands and also ignored
toor position that price raises were
Because solution of the steel con
bm?j would enable industry to ac
nstolj estimate costs partly based
am sled prices, an early settlement
at toe automobile and electrical ap
pliance walkouts was expected to
Meanwhile, government concili
ates worked feverishly for a
settlement of the CIO and AFL
strike against the big packers as
toe nation's meat supply dimin
Wbile the packers resisted pres
sure la increase their offer of a 7t4
?eat hourly boost under present
price ceilings, the CIO cut its de
asiiii from 25 cents per hour to
cents and the AFL to 15 cents.
A number of smaller operators
sipto with both unions at the lat
ter ?gure, with the promise of
additional increases to cover high
er wages agreed to by Wilson, Ar
mour, Swift and Cudahy.
Though the government gave
to to the packers' demands for
ttgher ceilings in an effort to avert
a walkout threatening the nation's
?tat supply, its original offer of
raising the price on semi-processed
meat sold to the U. S. was rejected
?a the grounds that there was no
ammaace of a large volume of
DEMOBILIZATION:
Bear 'Ike'
Cbtoug 'himself "only a G.I." al
tosufh he officially was "of the
- brass," bald, boy
iah - looking Gen.
, DwightD. Eisen
hower, ' army chief
of staff, appeared
before a joint con
gressional com
mittee to personal
ly report on the de
mobilization slow
down, which has
aroused troop dem
(?.*V onstratlonsthe
world over.
Badatfag that the new program
wm adapted to brake an excess of
daehae^s over the original sched
dt. "Tka" said that we would have
"haw eat a# army" by April umess
4a>dHdtoa' was pip into eflect.
At h is, he said, 1,986,900 more men
have been released than planned
and another 2,000,000 will be sepa
aaM within the next five months.
Vtpwaasty denying that the slow
dhwa waa prompted by the desire
at Md adnata to retain their rank,
m hp edsrts to push military con
aastptfaa through congress, Eisen
haaaa saM that siitltrient man were
Bagdad ta aw upy enemy territory
On picket line at General Electric
plant In Erie, Pa., with dad, this
youngster joined CIO for a $2 a day
wage increase.
in Europe and the Pacific, guard
seven billion dollars worth of sur
plus equipment overseas, adminis
ter the Philippines, and arrange for
withdrawal from Pacific bases.
Declaring that men would be kept
no longer than necessary, "Ike"
disclosed that all major command
ers have been informed that by
April 30 all enlisted men with 45
points or 30 months of service on
that date were to be released or
aboard ship, while requirements
were to be further cut by June 30
to 40 points or 24 months of serv
ice.
Following his exposition of the new
demobilization program, Eisenhow
er announced that he had banned fur
ther overseas demonstrations by
troops on the question, though pro
tests from G.I.s were to be passed
on to the top. Both enlisted men and
officers will be permitted to express
their views in the determination of
their essential status.
For'' continuing agitation, several
G.I.s were ordered confined to quar
ters in Hawaii.
GERMANY:
Map Production
Even as church leaders besought
President Truman's approval for
providing Germany with private re
lief to avert privation this winter,
the war, state and agriculture de
partments conferred on plans for
furnishing material for the revival
of essential civilian industry within
the reich.
Under the program contemplated,
the army would be placed in direc
tion of production on the theory that
the provision of vital commodities
is necessary to maintain order and
health within the occupation zone.
The undertaking would represent
the second step in occupation pol
icy, the first dealing with prevention
of chaos in the immediate wake of
war and resurgence ef organized op
position.
In supplying Germany with raw
materials for essential output, the
U. S. proposes to be careful not to
stock such heavy industries as iron
and steel which might be reconvert
ed to war purposes, or to re-estab
lish any plants that might be ear
marked for removal for reparations.
Further, in permitting a resump
tion of essential production, the U. S.
plans to retain close control over
the distribution. Sufficient supplies
would be allocated for the civilian
population while exports of the re
mainder would be allowed for re
paying ' America and - building up
overseas balances for purchase of
raw materials for industries re
established under Allied agreement.
Disclosure of the government pi?"
for reviving vital German industry
coincided with Bishop G. Bromley
Oxnam's sppeal to President Tru
man to permit Protestant churches
of this country to ship clothing to
the reich this winter. President of
the Federal Council of Churches,
Bishop Oxnam revealed that con
gregations throughout the country
had thousands of bales of wear
packed and only awaited permission
to send it
. Having Just returned from a tour
at Europe with other church of
ficials, Bishop Oxnam joined in a
report commending the government
decision to supply the reich with 500,
000 tons of food to help relieve an
ill-balanced and Inadequate diet. Be
cause of the lack of beat and the
wear of Irreplaceable clothing, how
ever, a serious need exists for ap
parel, It was said.
VETS:
Buck Outsiders
ib?nner" thai
we Can t Live on Promises." "W?
fought for the U. S. A. and Now
We re Discarded," and "Welcome
ScESJS?' WhatT" WorW Wm n vet.
p? ?Yery mks "bout Lanaford,
J! driv* tor Job. held by eut
? wb? accepted employment in
thepit. during the war year..
-.While thousand, of United Mine
Workers m the area refused to cross
th! ' ?Jcket ""*?? official, of
the Edison Anthracite Coal com
? diach?r?e outsider.
th? aUf* were not bom in
? liahl"0. ibai it would
be liable to lawsuit. Many of the
demonstrators had never been pre
vmusly employed, Edison having re
ared all old employees discharged
from service.
Despite UMW admonitions against
acting against union members, vari
"lithe area pa8sed resolu
tions that all outsiders who accept
ed employment in the mines since
January, wo, or opened businesses
in the district were to leave. In
Veif demand?. miner,
declared that smce the pits were
the principal source of employment
about Lanaford, hiring of outsiders
seriously crimped job opportunities
tor town residents.
UNO:
Faces Test
No sooner had the United Nations
to Preserve postwar
peace gotten underway than it ap
??*rfd headed for its first aubstan
Tr Iran's appeal 'or se
curity against alleged Russian de
81^s ?n the middle-eastern state.
At the same time, Indonesian na
tives were to call on UNO for sup
Ki"utheir flght a?ainst the re
estabhshment of Dutch colonial rule
in the East Indies, but since no
member nation was expected to
sponsor their plea, they could not
hope for a hearing.
Iran's determination to push for
a showdown, even against British
persuasion to defer discussion at
this time m the interests of unity,
posed a delicate problem, since
Iranian delegates could take the is
sue before the general assembly if
the security council which includes
Russia vetoed action.
Oil-rich and occupying a strategic
gateway to southern Russia, Iran
has been under heavy Red pressure
Aid Needed Abroad
In the U. 8. for a vacation,
olant and ragged Winston Church
ill told newspaper reporters that
ne hoped America wonld not pall
out of Europe and jeopardize the
fruits of victory. Britain was not
strong enough to handle the lob
alone. he said. Declaring: that he
favored the partition of Germany,
Chare hill .aid that has never oe
eurred except through rough and
ready military occupation.
ever since the development of the
movement of the northern province
of Azerbaijan for self-rule with
Moscow's support. Efforts to stem
the uprising were crippled by the
Rua?'an troops occupying
that section of the country to per
mit Iranian forces to re-establish
governmental authority.
Meanwhile, President Truman
supported the position of this coun
try . military advisers to the UNO
meeting in demanding U. 8. con
trol of strategic Pacific island, in
stead of submitting them to an
international trusteeship as favored
by America's civilian delegates
Declaring that the islands should
be kept under U. 8. control, Mr.
Truman disclosed that this country
would ask UNO for sole trusteeship.
Other islands raptured by American
forces during the Pacific campaign,
but not needed for our security, will
be turned over to UNO, he Mid.
CHINA:
Plot Development
Work of China's national re
????**? commiadsn, charged with
developing the country's key Indus
tries and administering other enter
prises assigned to It, promises to ba
geeatly enhanced with political uni
fication under discussion of party
leaders in Chungking.
With the commission presently
operating about 30 mines, 30 pow
er plants and 40 factories, Ameri
can consultants have been railed
. kelp with the improvement,
rehabilitation and expansion of the
country's youthful oil industry in
one phase of postwar development.
Discovered in 1839 on the south
ern edge of the Gobi desert tha
Yumen field has been especially
marked tor extensive exploitation.
Seepages were known in the area
tor 2,000 years before drilling oper
ations were undertaken and oil
stnick at 900 feet Developed to pro
vide China with petroleum after the
Japanese had blockaded the sea
ports, the Tumen field currently Is
producing 4.000 barrels a day from
29 walls to supply a small
Notes of a Newspaper Man:
Some of the Broadway brain-trust
ers were "solving" the world'* prob
lem*. The gab cwttehed to- the re
emergence of Joe Stalin.
"I don't get It," said one. "So
called reliable source* reported Joe
was very sick?some said dying or
dead. Now he turn* up, and they
?ay he's In the best of health and
was merely enjoying a vacation."
"Oh, I dunno," observed another
Thinker. "I hear Stalin is far from
well?and right now is suffering
from a terrific grippe."
"Yeh-yeh," interrupted a third
who made the most sense. "The
same terrific grip he's always had
on everything."
Mayor O'Dwyer's two-cent sales
tax plan to help finance the sub
way recalls the time Jimmy Walker
was a State Senator and the legisla
ture at Albany was arguing a raise
in subway tariff. . . . State Senator
Nichol was against raising the fare.
"Don't you think," orated Senator
Nichol, "that the people of New
York City go too far for a nickel?"
Walker's retort: "You've gone
pretty far?for a Nichol I"
The elder Edison bated wearing
a dress suit. Mrs. Edison, however,
talked him into putting one on for
a reception. . . . The affair was
stuffy and Edison squirmed in dis
comfort. ... He finally told Mrs.
Edison he was going home. "I can't
stand this doggone straitjacket!" he
groaned as he left.
At home, to make sure the soup
and-fish apparel would never bother
him again, Edison took hammer and
nails and nailed the suit to the wall.
. . . "There," he said when finished,
"I hope you suffer as much as I
did I"
It Could Happen: A group of brass
hats .gathered to consider the for
mation of a Society for American
Participation in World War HI and
IV. . . . The first speaker keynoted
the meeting by declaring: "Regard
less of the so-called agreements
made by the Big Three, we know
sooner or later we will have to fight
another warl We will have to
fight Russia over many things?or
I Britain over markets! And?"
From the sudience a voice hesi
tantly inquired: "But, gentlemen,
isn't there something we can do to
PREVENT another war?"
"What!" roared the chairman.
"Throw that un-American out I"
The mail brought thiy unsigned
contrib. A poet was Irked by a pest
who told him be could spend his
time more usefully cooking. . .. The
poet Ignored him. . . . "Well," con
tinued the bore, "don't you think a
cook is more important than a
poet?"
The poet pondered and then said:
"I'm sure there Isn't a dog in town
who wouldn't agree with you."
"Well, it looks like the honeymoon
between Truman and Congress is
over J"
"Yeah, now he has good reason
for going home to mother."
Bends in the Night: At the Dia
mond Horseshoe: "Relax, dearie, or
that halo will choke you to death."
... At the Embassy: "They wrote
a song about her, 'O, What a Beau
tiful Moroni' "... At the Zanzibar:
"Dull? They named a butter-knife
after him!" ... At Versailles: "He'D
do anything for me, and I for him.
But I'm running out of right arms I"
... At the Golden Fiddle: "George
Jean Nathan doesn't dislike actors.
Only those he sees in shows." . . .
At Ciro's: "She was in a terrible
accident She was having her face
lifted and the derrick broke."
WBsea Mister's baha to newcom
ers in the theater: "Remember this
?most of the time the stumbling
blocks which get hi your way?will
merely be the dust you leave behind
tomorrow."
Faces Abent Town: Elliott Roose
velt being mobbed by admirers
while leaving the "Show Boat" pre
miere at the Zlegfeld Theater. . . .
James Stewart introducing Marie
McDonald to Franklin D. Roosevelt
Jr. . . . George Jean Nathan with a
pedis in-the Cub Room of the Stork.
Reforming? . . . Former 8?c> of
War Henry Stimsun unrecognized by
the Pierre paaseraby. . . . Damon
Runyon putting down candidates for
a column about celeb* who talk
about themselves. . . . Marion Mur
ray, whom betrothal to a General
eras cancelled suddenly, trying to be
gay about tt. . . . Candy Jones, who
has a cold, af the Zanziber ringside,
wearing (among other things) a
baby's teething ring, the Inscription
an which reads: "Dsnt Kim Mel"
she ^
# ^ LsyrruuLskeV' atafe
. By EDWARD EMERINE
WNU Features.
ATOP the magnificent Nebras
ka capitol stands a figure in
bronze, Tlie Sower. It is the
symbol of Nebraska and its faith
?faith in the plains, in the soil,
in nature.
Nebraska Is the abode of the sow
er. The seeds are sown, the plants
nurtured, the harvest garnered. In
war or peace, food is first on
Nebraska's long production line
from Wyoming in the west, to the
Missouri river on the east. Its com
fields, its grain lands, its rows of
sugar beets, its ranges wbere cat
tle feed on native grasses?from
these come the foods that add to
this nation's greatness and the wel
fare of men everywhere. Orchards,
gardens, fields and ranges are Ne
braska's wealth and the top soil its
source ct well-being.
The plains, with nature as the
sower, were the camping and hunt
ing grounds of seven tribes of In
dians. The Otoes, the Omahas, the
Pawnees, the Poncas, the Sioux, the
Cheyennes and the Arapahoes hunt
ed the shaggy buffalo, the fleet ante
lope, the deer and other game which
had grown fat on the abundant fare
provided by the prairies and streams.
The Otoe Indians called the region
"Nebrathka," which means "fiat wa
ter" and referred to the long, wide
and shallow Platte river.
Battleground of Indians.
Tribe attacked tribe, fighting for
this greatest of hunting grounds.
The last great battle was fought be
tween the Sioux and the Pawnees
at Massacre canyon, near Stanton,
in 1873. There were around 40,000
Indians living in Nebraska, and
their chief occupation was hunting.
Some of them, however, practiced
GOV. DWIGHT P. GRtSWOLD
Got. D wifht Palmer GriawoM
wa? born at Harrison, Sioux Co.,
Neb., in IMS. His parents were pi
oneers there. He graduated from
Nebraska university in 1914. He
served* on the Mexican border as a
sergeant In 1919, and as a first Hen
tenant and captain In World War I.
He was first a banker, then news
paper publisher, before becoming
governor in 1949. He baa been re
elected twice. His home Is Gordon,
Neb.
of Columbus. The Mallet brothers,
with a party of eight Frenchmen,
named the Platte river and trav
eled nearly the entire length of the
state in 1839.
Spain, France and England all
claimed the Nebraska plains at dif
ferent times. In 1799 France ceded
all of her claims to the area west
of the Mississippi to Spain, but in
the Nebraska region. The first m?J
tary post was Fort Atkinson, estab
lished in 1819-1820.
French traders and trappers,
hunters of the buffalo, soldiers
ind adventurers began to wear deep
trails in the grass. The Indian tribes
resented the white man. There
sas unrest and battles and massa
cres. Blood stained the prairie
(rasa. Blood-curdling war cries is
he night drove fear into the hearts
)f strong men.
Westward, Bel
Rich land in Oregon. Gold tat CaB-i
lornia. Nebraska became the high-l
ray of an expanding, restless, |
maginative, adventurous nation.
Westward ? across Nebraska ?I
he course of empire wended its'
ray.
From Independence and 8t-|
roseph came the covered wagons oft
he Oregon Trail. Gold sinkers cams'
o join them and man heard of the
California Trail. The Mtsimsis, uw
ler Brigham Young, ramped unese
ly one srinter near Omaha, than
struck out boldly the next ageing ts
nark the Mormon Trail. TnlripM
"HIMNF.T ROCK ... Near Bayard.
4eb? m at Ike noted Hadwarha
IQ the oid Orefon Trail.
?iders lashed theii horses from BL
Foseph to Sacramento end the Poor
express was born, with 500 of its
pearly miles through Nebraska.
Stage coaches traveled the Overland
"rail through Nebraska, and lbs
Jnion Pacific struck out boldly tram
Jmaha toward the Pacific in IMS.
"he Western Union's telegraph
(oles were often cut down by
Nebraska Indiana.
The Sower beckoned, and nsm
:ame with plows that bit into tha
iraasroots. Nebraska waa orgaaliafi
is a territory in 18M and breams a
tate on March 1, 1M7. T ini ito.
tamed for the Great Emancipator,
pas mads the capital. Nebraska ba
ame known as tbs "Tree Planter'*
itate," for thoee hardy pioneers
oon set out windbreaks, shada
raes aad orchards. The home at
1. Sterling Morton, founder at
trbor day, stands today as a moaa
nent to his outstanding work la
Nebraska's early home-making days.
Cattle Bsesbtog Cera as.
The buffalo were replaced fay cab
le, and on the open range thea
isnds of cattle tram Texas araa
ed and fattened. One of the mask
licturesque periods ad Nebraska
listory was that of the cowboy, tram
887 to larr. Rnrtaesd ranches at
nixed fanning came mat, bat tha
'amous old cow towns of Schuyler.
North Platte, Kearney and OgSBa
a will never be Their
modern equivalents are Hi nbaa
Bow, Burwell, Alliance aad Val
entine. The epic struggle bUeeaa
the cattlemen and the homestead
ers is recorded In ~OM Jules" by
Marl Sandoz.
The Sower planted good seed to
good earth. From that toy to IMS
when ICosee Merrill aad hto Vlto
settled at BeDvus and i nIsliTbdied'
the first mission school. The Searai
has binsid Nebraska.
NEBRASKA SOD HOUSE ... This ptetare, takes la 1M, Am hov a
typical homesteader west al Broken Bow solved Us hoosiaf problem. The
modem, electrtled farm hemes how fund la Nebraska leatiast straagetp t
with tUa primMtea strmetare.
primitive sericulture between vrars.
Many Indian braves, includinf Spot
tad Horae, are buried In Fort Me
Pherson cemetery, while others lie
in Pawnee battlefield. The names of
Yellow Hand, Crazy Horae, Red
Cloud, Sitting Bull and othera re
main a part of Nebraska's tradi
tion and lore.
Francesco Vazquez Coronado and
his party of SO Spenlzh cavalry were
the first white men to visit Nebras
ka. That was In 1541. French fur
traders and trapperz began to ven
ture tip the Missouri river about
1700. A Spanish expedition under
Capt Pedro de ViHasur reached the
region about 1730 and was prompt
ly massacred near the present site
1
1801 Napoleon bought It beck. ]
Thomas Jefferson, in 1803, pur- I
chased Nebraska from the Little 1
Corporal
Lewis end Clerk commanded the
first expedition to Nebraska, 1804
1808. The Hunt party of Astorians
skirted the Nebraska region in 1811
on their way to Oregon. Seven of
them returned the next year, find
ing their way across the vast re
gion by following the Platte river
to where it joins the Missouri. Ma
jor Long with a party at 30 men in
1819 traveled from the Missouri up
the Platte to the headwaters at its
south fork near Denver. From 1887
to 1830 Manuel Lisa became the
Mailing fur trader and explorer o<
^ iWJTH DAKOTA |r , |
g,^^^^EBRASKA i
COLORADO ?fi -J^""" fl| \ H
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