The Alamance Gleaner
VOL. LXXII GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1946 No. Z
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WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Farm Equipment Output to Hit
Peak Late in Year; Push Fight
Against Postwar Price Control
SalMMd to Vuten Newspaper Union. ?
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FARM MACHINERY:
Output Off
Hampered by material shortage*,
inexperienced help, inability of sup
plier* to deliver parts and strikes,
farm machinery manufacturers do
not look for attainment of peak pro
duction until later this year or early
1947.
When full-scale operations are re
sumed, it was said, companies will
first concentrate on the output of
parts for worn equipment since
many farmers will be compelled to
make their machinery do imtil new
units begin to appear in satisfactory
volume.
As it is, manufacturers' efforts to
meet a put at the tremendous de
mand for plows, planters and culti
vators for spring use have been
crimped by production difficulties,
with no substantial deliveries of
these items forthcoming.
With 30,000 workers of the Inter
national Harvester company out an
strike over demands for a 30 per
cent wage increase, the total of idle
employees in the industry approxi
mated 30,000 of 90,000.
UNO:
Avoid Strife
Invoking article S3 of the United
Nations charter calling upon quar
reling governments to attempt con
ciliation at their difficulties first be
fore appealing to UNO, Russia
moved to settle her differences with
little Iran privately and take the
matter out of the hands of the se
curity council.
By so acting, the Reds succeeded
in avoiding a ticklish situation with
in UNO itself, with possibilities that
the U. S., Britain, France and China
might have placed Moscow in a
compromising position in investigat
ing the row. In permitting the Reds
and Iranians to thrash out their own
problems, however, the security
council called upon the disputants
to report on the progress of their
negotiations.
In originally appealing to UNO to
look into the controversy, Iran had
charged the Russians with interfer
ing with government efforts to sub
due a leftist rebellion in the north
west province of Azerbaijan. Sent
into the oil-rich country in 1942 to
guard supply lines leading into
southern Russia, Red and British
troops were scheduled to pull out
early this spring.
Give and Take ,
Continuing to give and take in
their relations, the Big Three
agreed to the election at stocky, 90
year-old Trygye Lie (pronounced
Tryg'-va Lee) of Norway as secre
tary-general of UNO. Russ-backed,
the selection of the bulky Norwe
gian foreign minister offset the ear
lier elevation of British-backed Paul
Henry Spaak of Belgium as presi
dent.
ine u. s. piayea a Key roie in
balancing the powers through the
elections, i After the Russians had
charged Secretary of State Byrnes
and company of having double
crossed them in not pushing Lie's
candidacy for president as against
Spaak's, Chief Delegate Edward R.
Stettinius later arranged for the
Norwegian's selection as secretary
general in a five-power pow-wow in
his Claridge hotel suite.
The son of a carpenter who be
came active in the Norwegian labor
movement immediately after his
graduation from Oslo university in
IBID, reddish-faced, bustling Lie
will occupy a key position in UNO
as secretary-general, having within
his power the authority to submit
any problem be chooses to the se
curity council.
CONGRESS:
Labor Curb
Despite the brightening industrial
picture, a strong coalition of Re
publicans and conservative Demo
crats in congress moved tor adop
tion of i as trie ties labor legislation
against the vehement protests of
liberal members.
Amid charges by Representative
Sabath (Dem., EL) that the con
servative bloc was being used by
Wall street, 1SS Republicans and
IM Democrats Joined forres to fh*
op a M to 1M vote for immediate
consideration at a bill which would
art up a labor-management media
tion board; provide for a 10-day cool
ing off period before a strike or lock
out; make both parties liable tor
violations of a^labor^oontract; pro
employees, and ban sympathy walk
denounced the restrictive measure
as one of the "mos^ vicious anti
labor bills ever brought before the
house," conservative proponents de
clared that representative action
could be taken in amending or revis
ing the bill during floor discussion.
PRICE CONTROL:
Under Fire
First to break the wage deadlock
in industry with a 19.1 per cent,
or 18 cents an hour, increase to his
employees, Henry Ford II came out
for abolition of government price
control except on food and rent as
a means of breaking the bottleneck
in civilian production and permit
ting a rapid flow of goods to con
sumers. t
Declaring that existing price ceil
ings had the effect of squeezing
smaller parts makers between ris
ing operating costs and fixed re
Henry Ford 11
turns, Ford said that the productiv
ity of the big manufacturers de
pended upon suppliers' activities.
If price control were abolished, he
declared, the heat of competition for
markets would bring down the cost
level.
In keeping with his announced
position for firm control. President
Truman rejected Ford's suggestion
in a news conference, asserting that
the removal of OPA regulation would
result in wild inflation with its disas
trous effect upon purchasing power.
Henry IPs attack against price
control came even as clothing and
shirt manufacturers blamed OPA
for the insufficiency of stocks on
dealers' shelves in the face of tre
mendous demand from consumers.
Charged with withholding at least
400,000 suits from the markets,
clothing makers were particularly
resentful of OPA regulations, claim
ing that with their recent grant of
a 2214 per cent increase in wages
to workers price readjustments
were necessary to permit them an
adequate profit.
Shirt manufacturers rapped the
OPA's so-called "maximum aver
age" price regulation for failure to
produce adequate stocks, claiming
that they were unable to turn out
more of the better grade items in
the face of a shortage of cheaper
fabrics because OPA required bal
anced output of all types.
FARM STRIKE:
Cool Reception
While farmers in southeastern
Nebraska, Incensed by the machin
ery shortage, talked up an agri
cultural strike in protest of indus
trial walkouts, farm organization
leaders discouraged the idea be
cause stoppage of shipments at
fresh products would result in cost
ly waste.
In calling for the withholding
of agricultural products to force
resumption of industrial output.
Strike Leader Hubert Johnson, 48, of
Edgar, Neb., listed farmer griev
ances: "Four years now we've been
getting along without new machin
ery," lis said, "and we've been
told we would probably get nothing
this spring.... We need farm tools
and bathtubs and refrigerators. . . .
We need automobiles. ... We can't
even buy a pair of overalls. . . ."
Taking issue with the farmers "no
machinery for us, no food for you"
battle-cry, President Edward A.
O'Neal of tbs Farm Bureau, reflect
ing leading agricultural organiza
tion opinion, pointed out that it
would be impossible to halt produc
tion of milk, eggs, etc. Withholding
of these Hems from market would
only result in loas to fanners as wen
as consumers, be eaid.
INDUSTRY:
Profit Margins
First part of a study by the Secu
rities and Exchange commission on
profits and operations of American
industries in 1943-'44, a SEC sur
vey showed that while 13 meat pack
ers grossed *4.731038,000 in 1944
they netted *49,348,000 or 1 per cent
of sales.
Next to the meat packing, the cig
arette industry ranked highest in
gross income for 1944, with *1,601,
732,000. With a net income of 3.9
per cent of sales, however, the cig
arette manufacturers outstripped
meat packers in profit margins.
With total sales of *1,492,391,000,
the dairy products industry ranked
third, but like meat packing, enjoyed
a relatively smaller profit position,
earning 2.1 per cent on its gross.
With *1.226,298,000 of sales, distil
leries showed net returns of 3.1 per
cent.
Of all industries surveyed, gro
cery specialties had the highest
profit margins, with 4.1 per cent on
sales of *994,984,000.
VET FAMILIES:
May Go Overseas
In what were interpreted as
moves to forestall further com
plaints of G.I.s overseas against oc
cupation doldrums, the war depart
ment authorized the families of
commissioned and non - commis
sioned officers above buck sergeants
to join them abroad, and lowered
the training period for replacements
from 13 to 8 weeks.
With the number of reunion de
pending upon the theater command
ers' decisions as to the amount of
housing, subsistence and medical
care available, travel to Europe will
commence after April 1, with move
ments to the Philippines, Japan, Ko
rea and the Ryukyus scheduled aft
er May 1.
In setting up priorities under the
system, preference will be given to
families of officers with the longest
service overseas if they indicate a
willingness to remain abroad for
two years or from one to two years.
In cutting down the training peri
od from 13 to 8 weeks for replace
ments, the army announced that re
cruits' conditioning would be fin
ished abroad after inculcation of
fundamentals here. Prior to em
barkation, recruits will be given a
seven-day leave. I
Chinese End Strife
Reflecting efforts of the U. S.
to unify strife-ridden China,
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek
brought his 18 years of authori
tarian rule in the country to an
end with the announcement that
henceforth political parties can
openly organize and conduct
their campaigns in accordance
with legal rights and proced
ures.
Chiang made his historic pro
nouncement at the closing of po
litical consultative conference in
Chungking, where nationalists,
communists and other parties
had gathered for the adjustment
of differences and creation of a
unified state to open the way for
broad economic development in
hitherto backward China.
Before adjourning, the consul
tative conference had arranged
for a meeting of a national as
sembly in May to draw up a
new constitution. Over 3,500
delegates are to attend, with
Chiang's Kuomintang party pos
sessing over 50 per cent of the
representation and the commu
nists the second largest. Re
flecting the views of the dele
gation as a whole, a 35-man all
party committee will draw up
the document.
UNRRA:
New Exodus
Even while British Gen. Freder
ick Morgan was In New York con
ferring with Director Herbert Leh
man over his reinstatement as Unit
ed Nations Relief and Rehabilita
tion chief in Germany, a U. S. 3rd
army report comflrmed his charge
that Zionist-aided Jews were leaving
Poland for Germany in the hope of
eventually reaching Palestine.
In helping the migrants, it was
said, Zionist groups prepared them
for communal life abroad and sup
plied directions for infiltrating into
Germany. Where necessary, money
and clothing are furnished. Though
the Jews hope for eventual admis
sion to Palestine, they look for the
establishment of a Jewish state in
Bavaria if denied access.
Target of bitter Jewish criticism
after his charge that Zionist groups
were supporting a Jewish exodus
from Poland for Palestine, Morgan
vigorously denied anti-Semitic sen
timents in being restored to the
UNRRA fold. Declaring his sym
pathies were with all displaced per
sona, be said he did not question
the motives of any Individuals or
groups on rasa it Ionian! problems.
i . \ _
Littlm Known Stories
About Well-Known People:
The current March of Dimes cam
paign recalls a delightful story
about a grand lady: A New York
merchant once approached FDR's
mother at a banquet and offered to
contribute $500 to the Warm Springs
Foundation if she would pose for a
picture with his mother. Sarah
Roosevelt replied she would be will
ing to pose even if he didn't con
tribute any money. . . . The mer
chant then said he would give $1,000.
. . . "And now," he added, "I'll
bring my mother over here. She is
93, and this will be the biggest thrill
in her life."
"In that case," said the 84-year
old Mrs. Roosevelt, "I'D go to her?
I'm younger."
While working as an editor for
several leading magazines, Theo
dore Dreiser wrote a fabulous
amount of wonderful wordage?
short stories, poems, plays, essays,
social studies and novels, including
his most famous work, "An Amer
ican Tragedy." In '37 he visited
the Soviet Union as a guest of the
government. When he stopped in
England on his way back, Mr.
ChurchiTI asked him, "Well, what do
you think of -Russia?"
"I told him," Dreiser said (to Bob
van Gelder), "that I thought it was
a wonderful country, a wonderful
system."
"Nonsense," Churchill said, "it
won't last seven years."
Decades age, Clarence Darrow,
the famed lawyer, was the principal
speaker at a woman's club. After
his address he found himsef in con
versation with a few ladies who in
sisted on discussing birth control.
"Mr. Darrow," said one, "what do
you think of birth control for the
masses?"
"My dear lady," replied the fa
mous man, "whenever I hear people
discussing birth control, I always
remember that I was the fifth."
The late George Norris made a
speech in which he pointed out that
mankind's scientific and mechanical
progress hasn't prevented the bar
barism of war.... "We have wars,"
said Norris, "because the human
race has learned how to improve
everything?except people."
Neatest comment on Eisenhow
er's outline of demobilization plans
came from one of the boys on the
GI Liberation Committee in Paris.
Gen. Ike had told Congress: "When
you see firemen playing checkers
in the flrehouse you don't send them
home because there's nothing to do.
And it's the same in Germany. The
soldiers may be sitting around with
nothing to do?or so they think. But
their presence there is eery neces
sary."
"Mebbe so," said the soldier
(who'd been told floe times of a sail
ing date, only to have it changed),
"but even a fireman gets disgust
ed?when there are nothing but
false alarms!"
This is a Mark Twain tale we
haven't come across before. . . .
When Mark was at the height of his
career be informed a friend: "It
took me ten years to discover that
I had no talent for writing."
"And you gave H up?"
"Oh, no! By that time I was too
famous!"
"As long as we're en pans," adds
Frank Case's son, Carroll, "the win
ner and still champion is old Sam
uel Johnson, who was approached
by a would-be wit in the Mermaid
Tavern (the Algonquin of its day).
The wag said: 'Now admit it, Sam;
the only reason you don't like puns is
that you can't make them.' ... To
which Johnson punned: 'Sir, if I
were pun-ished for every pun I shed,
Td have no puny shad in which to
rest this punish head.' "
That reminds us of our pet pun.
... "A pun," someone said, "is
the lowest form of wit, pun my soul
it is!"
Qnetatisa Marksmanship: Doro
thy Dix: Drying a widow's tears
is one at the most dangerous occupa
tions known to man. . . . Geo. S.
Perry: Tugboats shooting the air
tan of sharp, white toots. . . . Paul
Ernst: Looking crisp and cool as
though she had slept on mint leaves.
.. T. E. Jones: Impatient soldiers
peer as as waiting for Returnity. . . .
Ban Orauer: He rode to the bot
tom en one-way pawntickets. . . .
Jack Marshall: He's a patriot with
the accent on the riot. . . . Thoreau:
I would not talk eo much about my
self if there were anybody else
Shorn I knew so weB. . . . La Roche
foucauld : "In their first passion
woman love their lovers. In all oth
ers they leva love.
By EDWARD EMERINE
WNU Features
"T^ENNSYLVANIA ha8
I?'something for every
x body!"
It is more than a boast, more
than a slogan. The Keystone
state is so varied in climate,
scenery, industries and occupa
tions that it defies articulate and
coherent description. Whatever
your interests, your plans, your
ambitions or hopes, listen to the
story of Pennsylvania.
Are you interested in American
history? Start at Independence hall
In Philadelphia, the Cradle of Lib
erty. Wander through the streets
where Benjamin Franklin lived and
worked and helped create a united
nation. Or travel to Gettysburg
where the greatest battle of the
Civil war was fought. Visit Fort
Necessity, near Uniontown, the
scene of Washington's first battle,
in 1794, when he was commander
of the colonial troops. See the mu
seum at Valley Forge, formerly
Washington's headquarters during
that cold winter when the colonies'
hope was at Its lowest. Go to Gen
eral Braddock's grave near Farm
ington, or to the Old Blockhouse
at Pittsburgh. Swing up to Erie to
see the Niagara, Commodore Per
ry's flagship in the battle of Lake
Erie in 1813.
Mountains, Lakas, Forests.
Vacation? Sports?, First of all,
you'll like the famous Pennsylvania
Turnpike and the other smooth high
ways of Pennsylvania. There are
mountains and valleys, rivers and
streams. Pennsylvania has 200 siz
able lakes for boating and water
sports?with Lake Erie thrown in
for good measure 1 You'll And trout
streams and lakes for Ashing, and
Mount Davis in Somerset county
with its 3,213 feet for you to climb.
The "Grand Canyon of Pennsyl
vania" (Pine Creek Gorge) at
Wellsboro, or Pymatuning lake and
wild waterfowl refuge In Crawford
county, should thrill you. There are
picnicking and camping sites by
the hundreds, old trails to follow,
and 6,800 acres of virgin timber in
Cook Forest state park These are
but a few; others can be found in
every nook and corner of Pennsyl
vania's 49,000 square miles of
beauty.
Are you an industrialist? Then
you'll want to investigate the great ,
coal fields, like those at Scran ton, ,
BtJCKHILL FALLS . . . fa the
heart et the Poeeae, Monroe courty. 11
XELAWAEE WATER OAT . . . Aieay InU (IX, aoafteaat W Kmtf
mrg, Monro* county. From tarty iprtn* until lata aataam the Peaaayt*
ania hill* arc amonr tha moat beaattfal la the world.
r look into Pennsylvania * biuion
lollar textile business. The steel
a ills at Pittsburgh with their blast
urnaces roaring should tingle your
ilood. And don't forget to see the
ite of Drake oil well, Titusville,
rhere petroleum, the black gold,
ras first struck in the United States.
Everywhere you go you'll see a fac
ory, a mine, a great industrial
ilant.
You're a farmer? Lancaster coun
y, Pennsylvania, ranks second in
he United States in income from
arm products I Just remember that
he thrifty "Pennsylvania Dutch"
tnew how to till the land, and their
irandchildren do tool Big barns,
ine houses and well-tilled fields like
hose in Franklin county trill tell
ou more than words. The Penn
ylvania landscape is dotted with
arms and the big city markets
ire right at hand. Pennsylvania
armers do not have to ship long
listances to find a place to sell their
Tops, their livestock, poultry or
lairy products.
The Commonwealth leads in the
>roduction of buckwheat. Other im
wrtant crops are winter wheat, rye,
tats, com, potatoes, tobacco, ap- |
ilea, peaches, pears and grapes.
Many Colleges, Universities.
Schools? The institutions of high
?r education include the University
>f Pennsylvania in Philadelphia,
lounded in 1740; Washington and
Jefferson in Washington, founded in
1780; Pennsylvania State college;
University of Pittsburgh; Carnegie
institute of Technology in Pitts
burgh; Lafayette college, Easton;
Lehigh university, Bethlehem; Tem
ple university, Philadelphia; Buck
sell university, Lewisburg; Dickin
son college, Carlisle; Franklin and
Marshall college, Lancaster; Alle
gheny college, Meadville; Duquesne
college, Pittsburgh; Grove City col
lege, Grove City; Haverford col
lege, Haverford; Swarthmore col
lege, Swarthmore. There are 14 col
leges for women, including Bryn
Mawr. Lincoln university and Chey
ney training school for teachers are
for Negroes. There are 13 state
teachers' colleges and 7 Junior col
leges I
Pennsylvania (Penn's Woods)'
was named for William Penn, the
founder of the province. His char
ter was granted by Charles n in
1881. The terms, "Commonwealth"
and "General Assembly," were
originated by Penn and remain in
tne iuu constitution to this day.
The United State* was born on
Pennsylvania sail. The articles ad
confederation were adopted in Phils*
delphia; the Declaration of Inde
pendence was written and signed
there; the treaty of peace which
ended the Revolutionary war was
ratified in that place, and later the
constitution of the United States was
formulated there.
The Commonwealth has built its
industries largely on basic ele
ments. It produces nearly half the
steel of this nation, shipping it to
all parts of the world. The greatest
metal production ever attained at
one locality is at Pittsburgh. The
bituminous coal annual output aver
ages approximately 100 million tons,
while anthracite averages over 91
million tons. The Commonwealth
produces high-grade petroleum, iron
ore, pig iron, steel for rails and
structural purposes, lime, slate and
other metals and minerals. A list
of products manufactured fat Penn
sylvania would fill a book!
Traditionally progressive, the peo- ~
pie of Pennsylvania offer you a
warm welcome to visit their state.
Seeing is believing I
EDWARD MARTIN
Governor of Ptuqrlruli ,
A native PennsyIranian, Gov. JC4
ward Martin haa had a brflHaai
military, bnainess and yoWhal ca
reer.
Governor Martin haa hoon atate
auditor, atate treaanrer and adju
tant - general of Pennaylvaaia, a*
wall aa prominent In inaaranee,
hanking and oil intereata.
gV 7*^1