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The Alamance Gleaner VOL. LXXII . GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1946 No. $ WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS 1_ Seek to Avert Mass Starvation In Europe; New Wage-Price Plan Seen as Spur to Production . RttoiMd by Western Newspaper Union. ? (EDITOK 8 NOTE: Wkts eptalens ars tisnuii la tkese eelaaaaa, tkey are ILsm ?( Western Newspaper Ualaa's aaws analysts aad net aecessarUy etf Ifcla aawspapar.) WORLD RELIEF: Need Great In calling upon the American peo ple to pull in their belts and get along on a smaller and less varied se lection of meats, cheese, evaporat ed milk, ice cream, margarine, salad dressing and beverages, Pres ident Truman declared that the threat of starvation overseas was greater today than at any other time in history. While Americans have been con suming about 3,300 calories per per son, he said, more than 129 million people in Europe'will have to sub sist on less than 2,000 calories a day; 28 million will receive less than 1,500 calories a day, and large groups will get as little as 1,000 calories. In shaping a nine-point program to enable this country to meet re bel requirements overseas, the ad ministration placed emphasis upon conservation of dwindling wheat supplies to assure fulfillment of ex port goals of 225 million bushels. No less than 25 million bushels of ? wheat were expected to be saved during the first half of 1946 by rais ing the quantity of flour produced from a bushel of wheat to 80 per cent. As a result, more dark bread will be made. Another 20 million bushels of grain are to be conserved by discontinuing the use of wheat in the direct production of alcohol and beer and limiting the use of other grains for beverage alcohol to five days' consumption per month. At the same time, the depart ment of agriculture wib seek to cut down on tlse of feed grains by en couraging the speeding of market ing of hogs and beef cattle and cub ing of poultry. The other provisions of the ad ministration's nine-point program include the acceleration of rail ship ments of wheat, corn, meat and oth er foods; exportation of 375,000 tons of fats and oils, 1,600,000,000 pounds of meat, and increased supplies ol canned milk and cheese; establish ment of wheat and flour inventory controls on millers, bakers and dis . tributors; and efforts to move more copra for cocoanut oil from the Philippines. 1 A WAR CRIMINAL: No Reprieve Having been convicted by an American military commission for countenancing atrocities" in the Phil ippines, Gen. Tomo yuki Yamashita's life rested in the hands of President, Truman after the* Supreme court had validated his trial and Gen. Douglas MacArthur refused to mitigate the sen- a tence. As the President ^? considered clemen- General cy there was re- Yamashita sentment in Jap anese circles over MacArthur's or ders that Yamashita be stripped of his uniform, decorations and other army accessories in being hanged. Declaring that Yamashita was an adherent of the ancient Samurai warrior tradition, Nipponese gener als said he was entitled to a sol dier's rather than a common crimi nal's death. In ordering Yamashita's hanging in disgrace, MacArthur asserted that the Jap had dishonored the military profession by countenanc ing troop rapacities instead of in sisting upon their protection of the weak, whether friend or foe. Scor ing the Japanese sack of Manila, MacArthur compared the destruc tion with American respect for the city in IMS despite its impending loss. CONGRESS: Labor Curb Despite quick house action In passing the drastic Case bill with its restrictive labor legislation, the senate was expected to proceed more slowly in considering the measure. Holding their lines solidly through out the week-long debate on the bill, a eealitiou of Republicans and con servative Democrats beat down all efforts to take the teeth out of the legislation by modifying provisions or eliminating all enabling clauses to reduce the measure to a mere jlaalaeafiMi ..1 i .. GrC In lo llOn OI LXJ 1 ICY While liberals assailed the bill as one of the most^sricious anti-strike ar disputes; ing on periods before strikes; mak ing both management and labor li able for contract violations; outlaw ing violence and intimidation, and . banning sympathy walkouts or boy . cotts. WAGE-PRICE: New Policy Culmination of a long and strenu ous tug-of-war between government and industry, and between admin . istration officials themselves, a new wage-price formula loomed with the ; expectation that it would pave the | way for labor peace and start up full-scale production. Pushed by Reconversion Director , Snyder, and at first vigorously op , posed by OPAdministrator Bowles, the new program reportedly called for general wage increases approx imating 17 per cent and correspond ing price boosts to permit industry OP Administrator Bowles (right) an swers newsmen. to absorb the added expense. Though admitting that a rise in liv ing costs would result from the pol icy, administration leaders declared that the volume output following re sumption of work would bring prices to normal, reasonable levels. In developing the new formula, President Truman affirmed his be lief in a previous plan he bad pro posed under which prices would have been raised only if industry had proven its inability to absorb wage increases. While the plan would have worked with full produc tion, he said, obstructions to large scale output necessitated a revi sion of policy. UNO: Save Face At odds in the United Nations or ganization over the question of the presence of British troops in Greece, Russia and Britain patched up their differences with acceptance of a face-saving formula under which the security council dropped consider ation of the issue without a formal pronouncement. By dropping the question without further ado, UNO avoided the possi bility of impairing the prestige of Russia by refuting its charges that the presence of Tommies in Greece threatened the peace of the world or of offending Britain by acknowl edging the Red accusations. Russia's charges that the Tom mies' alleged protection of rightist interests in Greece against leftist elements would have international repercussions followed close upon what it believed were British in spired Iranian complaints against Red interference with orderly gov ernment in that country Occupying a strategic position along the British life-line in the eastern Mediterran ean, Greece, along with oil-rich Iran, ranks as a key spot in the Near East Debate Site While residents of the Stamford Greenwich, Conn., area recommend ed to UNO as a site for permanent headquarters, protested against the selection, a strong movement against approving the locality developed within UNO itself. In leading opposition against the Stamford-Greenwich site, Austra lian Delegate W. R. Hodgson de clared that purchase of the land for $10,000,001) was too costly, residents did not welcome UNO and no cen tral facilities for interim operations were available in New York. Despite proposals lor purchasing the area recommended for from $000 to $800 per acre, residents at both Greenwich and Stamford voted in the ate. ***** FULL EMPLOYMENT: Water Bill With Democrats and Republicans alike expressing agreement, the bouse passed a diluted version of an administration-backed "full employ ment" bill that would have commit ted the government to providing Jobless work at prevailing wages. As finally framed by a house senate conference committee and pushed through congress, the new bill sets up a council of three eco nomic advisers delegsted to prfipare annual reports on levels of employ ment, production and purchasing power and draw up a program for correcting maladjustments. A con gressional committee of seven will then act upon the recommenda tions. In typical comment on the meas ure, Rep. Manasco (Dem., Ala.) de clared that it was high time con gress announced an unwillingness to continue deficit spending except in extreme emergencies, and Rep. Judd (Rep., Minn.) said the bill could do no harm and may do good. LABOR: Bloody Outbreak Murder charges were filed against four armed guards of the Toledo, Peoria and Western railroad follow ing an altercation between em ployees of the company and pickets near a siding at Gridley, 111., in which two strikers were killed and three others wounded. Climaxing the T.P.W.'s tempestii ous labor relations with the rail road brotherhoods, the bloody af fray developed after the company had run its first train over its eastern division since the union walkout last October. At that time, the government had returned the T.P.W to its owners following its -wartime operation of the strategic 239 mile line after taking over the property in 1942. Seizure result ed from T.P.W. President G. P. Mc Near's refusal to arbitrate a dis pute. Having followed the train along a paralleling highway, about 29 pick ets parked their cars close to a sid ing in Gridley and moved toward a nearby switch which the four armed guards approached to "throw." As the guards and pick ets neared each other, shots were fired and the strikers fell. Though it was admitted that the pickets car ried rocks, police sought to deter mine whether any had been armed. NEAR EAST: Rush Claims Repeated communist demands tor the return of Turkish-held Armenian lands to Russia focused increasing attention on the Near. East. Latest communist appeal for the return of Turkish provinces of Kara and Ardagan to Russia was made by Grigori Arutinov, secretary of the Communist party of Soviet Ar menia . In an election speech at i Yerevan, played up in Moscow, Arutinov declared that the Armeni an people raised the question of re gaining the territory ceded to Tur key in 1921 in a border dispute. In the face of growing Russian pressure for the readjustment of Turkey's mountainous eastern bor der, and other demands for a strip of Turkey's northern Black sea coast, Istanbul has stood fast against territorial revisions. With the central government announcing its intentions to fight for every inch of ground, nationalists sentiment in the threatened provinces has been fanned to a patriotic pitch. WORLD COURT: Name American Top legal body at the United Na tions Organization, the new Interna tional Court of Justice wfll Include one American among its 13 mem bers, Green H. Hackworth of Chevy Chase, lid., being elected to the tribunal. In supplanting the old world court the new tribunal ranks as the prin cipal organ of UNO for resolving judicial disputes between nations. In addition, the court can be celled upon to furnish legal advice to so credited UNO agendas. A legal adviser to the state de partment since 1S2S, Hackworth has participated in many International conferences. Accompanying Secre tary of Stats Hull to Moscow in IMS, be subsequently attended the Dum barton Oaks and San Francisco con ferences With the U. S. delegation at the London sessions at UNO, Hackworth also Is chairman at the Unttad Nations committee at jurists. As a jostles an the new court he wfll draw annually. New York Newtboy: The Germans knew that we were working on the atomic bomb. . . . They even planted a spy at Oak Ridge. ... He was captured, al though this has not been announced. . . . The original plan was to drop 500 atomic bombs over Japan. . . . When the scientists learned ol it? they protested to the army. . . . The army replied: "You go back and take care of your test tubes; we'll run the war!" Cranium is now obsolete In the production of atomic bombs. . . . Lead, it appears, works just as well . . . The U. S. knows that the Rus sians have the process, and we also know they are employing lead in the manufacture. James Lee in his col'm, "The Main Stem," reports: "A daughter was bom recently to Gloria De Haven, and that must have made Walter. Winchell feel a little older. In the first column he ever evrote, he announced the birth of Gloria herself." Not older, James, just balder! Chester Bowles, OPAdministra tor, has promised Mr. Truman that he will stay in that job until June 30th. He will resign to run for Gov. of Conn. The President's next Page One picnic with Congress will be a panic. He will oppose any tax relief for corporations this year. Then he will amend that to deny any tax concessions to corporations that defy the Gov't. In other words, they won't be permitted to strike them selves into the lower tax brackets for rebate reasons. . . . The Presi dent is mulling three methods of fighting the reluctant steel industry (which he claims is trying to ruin the U. S. so that a handful can rule) . . . Truman is asking the Justice Dep't to see if they can be prose cuted via the anti-trust act, wage hour law (or for violation of income tax statutes) because they won't show their books. Routine negligence is given as the alleged reason for the meat packing strike, which could have been avert ed. . . . Both sides wanted Labor Sec y Schwellenbach to intervene. But his telegram to Chicago for a Washington confab arrived an hour too late. . . . Schwellenbach knew the score for a week before the strike date was set . . . (O, My Aching Schwellenbach I) Pre*. Truman's next report to the people will make his last one sound lika a peep. He will name names (tying up Southern Demmys with Repubs) despite warnings from Bob Hannegan that It's "bad politics." . . . Labor Sec. Schwellenbach now advertises himself to friends as "the unhappiest man in Washington." . . . Jan Valtin (author of "Out of the Night") is one of three men denied citizenship while serving in the U. S. army. He blames "reds" In the State Dep't. . . . Newsmen are going nuts over the name "Charles I E. Wilson." One is boss of Gen. Electric?the other is boss at Gen. I Motors. . . . Gen. Confusion, etc. j The Funnies: Comdr. Fred Storm, who "covered" FDR at Albany and in Washington (for United Press), 1 was aboard the US8 Massachusetts when the French Jean Barte opened Are. The first salvo bracketed the Massachusetts. That is, those big shells threw geysers up to port and starb'd, clearly indicating to all navy men that the next salvo would be coming aboard the American 1 ship. . . . Vice Admiral Thomas Car lyle G iff en turned to Comdr. Storm and said: "Freddie, you like the ladies, don't youT" ... Big Fred, 1 no little worried about being killed, summered: "Yezzirl" "Just remember," said the Skip per, "when we get to the Pearly Gates I am pulling rank on you. I get first date with Helen at Troy!" leads la the Night: At Theo dore's: "A bachelor is a guy who never makes the same mistake ooce." ... In Havana-Madrid: "If it wasn't for her Adam's apple she wouldn't have any figger at all." I ... In the Park Central Lounge: "He hangs onto his dough like it was still worth something." . . . At the Singapore: "It's one of those exclusive spots where nobody's el lowed in!" ... In the Cub Room: "You know, a iotta people think he's a heel" . . . "You mean a lot of you heels think he's a heel." . . . In the Stork: "While they vilified his friend he act there quiet as a rat." . . . Ann Todd in the flicker, "The 7th Veil." Blonde Aviatrix Arranged Suicide v | Plane Project for German Victory Hanna Reitsch's Plan Still Incomplete When Nazi Defeat Ended World War II By PAULINE FREDERICK WNTJ Fonip Correspond tat. IVIUERNBERG, GERMANY. ? ' Never before In history has eo much of how a war began and how it was fought come to light so quickly after that war's end as is happening today in Germany. There is not alone the incredible tale that is unfolding in the green-cur tained courtroom here in Nuernberg. But a thousand other chapters are being revealed all over this torn country that wiU eventually com plete the piece. One of these is the story of how the Germans toyed with the idea of developing suicide planes to re pel an Invasion fleet in IMS when their dreams of world conquest had come to an end in Russia. This tale Impact wKh the water would kill the pilot instantly and allow the bomb to tear loose from the plane and continue under the keel of the vessel where it would explode with a time fuse that would be set In motion upon Impact with the water. Hitler Lukewarm to Plan. Then on February 28, 1944, fteltsch had a three-hour conference with Hitler at Berchtesgaden to convince him that he should accept the plan and name the proper leadership. The aviatrix had long been con vinced, undoubtedly for personal as well as professional reasons, that Goerlng was not the man for his Job, to say nothing of this one. Hitler didn't like the self-sacrificing idea IT WAS HIS FAULT ... Haana Reltieh lays the failure of the luicide plane project to Betehamarahal Hermann Goerinj. The ez-chlef of the ex-luft waffe la shown here as he talked to Allied war correspondents In a deten tlan camp. His facial expressions were dabbed his "injured Innocence" set. nas jusi come 10 ugni in intelli gence reporta released at Frankfurt, and the star of the piece is a blonde aviatrix named Hanna Reitach. Bare Is the Story: By 1M3 a lot of people in Ger many, including Reitach, had be come convinced that only extra ordinary measures could bring the war to a successful end for Ger many. They decided that if any plan for invasion of the continent could be destroyed at the beginning, Ger many could then be safe enough in lta continental fortresa so that the Allies would be ready to make peace. Therefore, a small group of men banded together ? a "suicide of the projeoS because he thought It was "un-German." Also, he re fused to believe that Germany's situ ation was so precarious and de manded such unusual measures. Hitler Anally did say that plans would be developed so that when he gava the order they could be put into operation ? but until such time as he chose to speak he didn't want to be bothered with the idea any more. Meanwhile, 70 or 80 men, care fully selected, had signed tbe pledge: "I hereby volunteer as a pilot of the manned glider-bomb. I am convinced that this action will end with my death." p(uwuuu wno were wuiuig w give their lives in some kind of a man propelled flying bomb that would destroy and sink at a ratio of one vessel per flying bomb, all the larger naval craft that were so Im portant in protecting and covering an invasion force. Reltsch, from the beginning, was to be the chief test pilot for such a craft. In the death of a thousand of their number the squadron hoped to save the Uvea of many thousands. But plans had not progressed very far when insuperable obstacles were encountered. First, Reitsch went to Luftwaffe authorities and there was met with the Impression that the idea was fantastic and the result of hallucinations of people tired of life who were looking for a martyr's end in the pages of German history. She had no better success at the air ministry. Then she took the mat ter to the aeronautical research council. After the experts examined the idea, they decided it was feasi ble. The plan was to install a 2,000 pound bomb-torpedo in the nose of a plane, which would be steered into the water at a certain angle. The a > -Mm Written Exclusively For WNU Features j Tests on a Measerachmitt 138, to be launched from the back of a Dor nier 217 in flight were completed hi April, 1M4. When it became appar ent, however, that production in anjj quantity could not begin for months, it was decided that the V-l "buza bomb" should be altered sufficiently) to take care of the project. Pcrilons Test Flights. A pilot's compartment was in stalled in the V-l, and other ?m?ti modifications made, and then it wag tested. There was a high fatality rate among the test pilots, but Reitsch came through and was con vinced that this was the weapon that could be used. The particular danger in testing these planes was in landing them, whether as gliders or with a power unit, because at the speed and angle at which they came in. Ship targets were simu lated by colored smoke bombs on the ground and dives and ap- - proaches were made to test angles and necessary speeds. An intricate aiming device was developed. The most important thing that had to be done carefully and accurately was to determine the distance from the ship that the V-l was supposed to enter the water. The size and weight of the ship had to be judged exact ly. By a sliding scale on the appara tus before him, the pilot was able to select his proper angle and main tain it correctly until his plane en tered the water. The dive toward the water at a speed probably great er than 528 miles an hour was to disintegrate the V-l and give the necessary impetus to the torpedo to continue on through the water until it reached a certain position, when the time fuse would automatically set off. But the Nazi suicide squad never got into action. Even the technical development was not fully complete when the war ended, to say nothing of production that would have put the weapon into action. Reitsch lays the failure to get the project into operation, as wen aa all other failures of German air power, to Goering. She says "that the spirit with which Goering had infused the Luftwaffe was detrimen tal to our project was well known to all of us. We needed strong lead ership, tempered with an idealism that matched our own. Host of all we needed a leader who saw the present military situation (March, 1944) in the same degree at precari ousness as we ourselves saw it." Banna Reitsch Hanna Rcitsch describes her self as follows: Fhra feet, 4tt inches tall, weighs about 109 pounds, has blonds hair with a "permanent," blue eyes, white teeth and a small round face with a scar down the center of her nose, a well-proportioned figure, is 13 years old. and not considered beautiful. She was a test pilot of German military aircraft and (lew the V-l "buss bomb" plane. She holds records for flying gliders and oth er types of planes. But more than that, she was in the bunker un der the Reichschancellery with Hitler and his entourage during the last days of Berlin and was slated to be a participant in the maas suicide plan worked out by Hitler to bo put into eCect when the Russians reached the bunker. However, in the early morning hour, of April SO, 1046, the Fuehrer ordered her and LL Gen. flitter von Graim, who had suc ceeded Goering ae head of the Luftwaffe, to leave to accomplish two missions. One was to get Luftwaffe help to Berlin. The oth er was to prevent Heinrich Htam ler, whom Hitler had Just heard had contacted the Allies to make peace terms, from succeeding him as Fuehrer. Reitscfa was Von | Greta's personal pilot As far as is known at this time, Hanna Reitsch flew the last plane out at Berlin before it capitulated. Because of the conditions at the DIDN'T UKE I* . . . AMI Hitter Ma t like Hum UtNfi Mm tor huu." hr flufto m wu to karr Om ptoar imtopit.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Feb. 21, 1946, edition 1
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