The Alamance Gleaner
VOL. LXXII GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 11, 1946 * No. 10
s- - p
By EDWARD EMERINE
WNB Mlim
T WAS a hot day the late summer
at 1873 when Father Marquette
aad Louis Joliet with their party,
after a futile journey down the Mis
sissippi, came bajk up a stream
later known as the Illinois river to
claim the land for the glory of
France and to convert the heathen
lor the glory of God. That event
introduced Illinois to modern his
tory books, but long, long before
that. . . .
A great inland sea lay over all
at Illinois, with huge sharks and
armored fishes swimming in it.
Ages later, the sea levels were low
ered, and there were vast coastal
marshes with forests of tall fern
trees. Decaying vegetation fell into
Hack water to be compressed and
hardened and later to become coal.
Eventually the sea dried up, and
out of the north came the cold wind
to change the tropical climate of
ninois.
Growing glaciers moved south
ward, crunching and grinding, until
there was a sheet of ice covering
all but a small tip of the state.
Birds and animals retreated before
B, or died.
And then came a day when Illi
nois lay in the sun again, wet and
muddy and smooth. Plants reap
peared. Grass grew luxuriantly,
new kinds of trees sprang up.
lakes were changed to marshes,
and marshes transformed into
prairies
By and by, men came to live along
fee rivers and bury their dead in
mmmris. Known as mound dwellers,
they were followed by others whom
w? know as Indians. In those days,
herds of bison roamed the lush
prairies and drank from the mud
holes.
In 1871, La Salle crossed the port
age from the Chicago to the Illinois
river ? probably the first white man
?a visit Illinois. He later. fortified a
camp near the present site of
Peoria, which he called Fort Creve
About 1700 two settlements were
formed by Indians, wandering
traders and missionaries ? one at
Kaskaskia, the other at Cahokia. In
HIT, these settlements were an
aexed to the province of Louisiana,
DWIGHT H. GREEN
Governor o( Illinois
ns the district of Illinois. The name
"Illinois" was derived from Illini,
a confederation of Indian tribes. In
1720, Fort .Chartres and three new
villages were established by the
French, and the entire district was
put under a military commandant.
By the treaty of Paris in 1763, Illi
nois was ceded to the- English, but
they couldn't take possession until
they made a treaty with Chief Pon
tine two years later. Then Illinois
became a part of Quebec province
la 1774. It was not until 1783 that
it was formally ceded to the United
States, and then largely because an
expedition of Virginians under Gen.
George Rogers Clark resulted in
virtual conquest of the region. Vir
ginia, Massachusetts and Connecti
cut all held claims to Illinois at one
tee, but finally ceded their inter
eels to the United States, and the
region became a part of the North
west Territory.
From 1800 to 1809, however, the
state we know as Illinois was a
part of Indiana territory! It was
then organized as the territory of
Illinois, the seat of government be
ing at Kaskaskia. The first territori
al legislature convened in 1812, and
Illinois was admitted to the Union
in 1818. Shadrach Bond was the first
governor.
Serious Indian troubles beset
those who ventured early into Illi
nois. The Sacs and Foxes were
eventually moved across the Missis
sippi river in 1823, and Black Hawk
was defeated in 1832. Settlement
then proceeded rapidly.
Chicago, the state's greatest city
and second in size of all American
cities, was almost left out of Illi
nois. When Illinois became a full
fledged state, a strip of land 51
miles wide was added to the north
em boundary of the original terri
torial limits. Today this strip of
land, with its Lake Michigan shore
line, contains 55 per cent of the
state's population?and Chicago!
A lot has happened in Illinois.
Joseph Smith, the founder of the
Mohmon church, was killed at
Nauvoo in 1844. The Illinois and
Michigan canal was built in 1848,
and the Illinois Central railroad was
constructed from 1850 to 1856. In
1848, the state barred slavery, and
there followed the historic debates
of Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A.
Douglas. Illinois sent 214,133 sol
diers into the field during the Civil
war. In 1871 occurred the great Chi
cago fire, and the railroad and Hay
market riots took place soon after.
Chicago was host to the World's
Columbian exposition in 1893, and
to the Century of Progress exposi
tion in 1933-34. And there was, of
course, the gang warfare of prohibi
tion days!
In Illinois, John Deere gave to
the world the steel plow. Wild Bill
Hickok, the western sheriff, was
bom south of Mendota. Ulysses S.
Grant was an Illinois cobbler when
the Civil war broke out. At Starved
Rock, a band of Indians starved to
death rather than surrender to their
enemies. Headed by the Harpe
brothers, an outlaw gang used
Cave in Rock on the Ohio river as
headquarters. One of the oldest set
tlements in the state, Shawnee
town, was recently moved in its
entirety to higher ground to escape
flood waters. Vandalia was once the
capital of the state, before Spring
field was selected. Indian mounds,
built baskeful by basketful of
earth, carried by man, may be seen
at Cahokia.
The list grows long. All happened
in Illinois, where Abraham Lincoln
split rails, kept a store, and wooed
Ann Rutledge.
With an elevation of 267 feet at
Cairo and 1,241 at Charles Mound,
Illinois is covered for the most part
with a deep layer of glacial drift,
but in the river bottoms are depos
its of alluvial silt, forming a rich
loam of unusual fertility. It is a
land of com and grain, fat livestock
and fine homes. In the south part
of the state, known as "Egypt," is
an extension of the Ozarks, with
fruit orchards, coal mines, scenic
grandeur. There's Jo Daviess
county in the northwestern part
with beautiful Apple River canyon.
Everywhere in Illinois are land
marks hallowed by the name of
Abraham Lincoln.
A lot of things have happened in
Illinois ? enough, in fact, to make
it one of the great livestock, dairy,
ing, farming, mining, oil-producing
and industrial states of the Union,
nor does it lack in the development
of education, science, literature and
art It is truly a great state. Its
people made it that way.
I
WISCOATSTAr \
s
MOTTO:
National Union and Tjs ^g-y.^ Jj 4 |
State Soverelfntj ft
"
s.-&: I -v ?. A * -.. .- V - . .,- ' ... ..' . . . _ ??; . .... . . g_ . __ . _ .
4n Innocent Byttander:
The conflicting storio from Iran
recall a quip that wat popular with
>verseas newsboys during the war:
It concerns the Ministry ol Infor
nation carrier pigeon, leisurely fly
ing to its destination, when it was
jostled by a second pigeon that
shouted: "Get a move on. I've got
the denial 1"
A N. I. editorial WTiter stated
that Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. can
not hope to be President because he
was born in Canada and a Chief
Exec must be a native-born Amer
ican.
Overwhelming weight of legal
opinion: Anyone who is born of
American parents in a foreign coun
try and properly registered can be
President. . . . Ho, hum. Any other
questions?
Another reason for our tense rela
tions with Russia is that the Amer
icans Russia respected (and trust
ed most) can no longer help us Iran
out differences: FDR, Harry Hop
kins and Wendell Willkie.
It happened at the Brooklyn in
come tax bureau recently. . . . Two
men named Thomas McNally and
Joseph Sweeney were having their
tax forms filled out by an agent
whan they suddenly began speaking
to each other in Yiddish. . . . Ques
tioned by the startled Income tax
agen*- McNally and Sweeney ex
plained they were Dublin-born Jews.
Talk about biasing red faeea: A
few day* after Lord Halifax public
ly opined that Goering was anxious
to prevent war?Goering testified
(at the war crimes trial) and took
every opportunity to praise Hit
ler?the Nazi system?and every
thing the Nazis did.
A quip causing tee-hees in soma
of the back rooms in Argentina con
cerns the recent incident when Mrs.
Peron turned up at a social soiree.
. . . During the evening one of the
guests turned to his neighbor and
remarked: "Well, there sits Argen
tina's First Lady."
"That's no lady," was the retort.
"That's his wife!"
The State Dep*t has been shoved
around like a revolving door. But
now it has been complimented?the
Rankin Committee plans to probe
the SD. . . . Rankin's witch-hunt
ing spree recalls the time a Dies
Committee member (Cong. J. Par
nell Thomas) ranted that the WPA
theater was a "hot-bed of commu
nism" and demanded the investiga
tion of a play titled "Prologue to
Glory."
The play concerned an American
named Abe Lincoln.
Quotation Marksmanship: John
W. Raper: 'A man picks a wife the
tame way an apple picks a farmer.
. . . D. Yates: Bold as the bark of
a puppy. . . . Voltaire: The ear
is the road to the heart. . . . Muriel
Gaines: His wrinkles are overload
ed with decisions. . . . Singapore
Sal: The only difference among
women is their faces. . . . James
Kelly: She walked as though she
were carrying a chip on her hip.
. . Nancy Donovan: An actor,
full of hambition. . . . Chinese Prov
erb: The broadmlnded see the truth
in different religions; the narrow
minded see only their differences.
. . . Seaman Jacobs' opinion of a guy
with no initiative: He's always in
there catching. . . . Wm. Schiller:
Our friendship with Russia seems
to be strictly platomie. . . . Eileen
Deneen: War do we go from here?
Sallies ia Oar Alley: A Broad
way showman walked up to a new
comer-lovely last night and asked:
"Want to work in my night club as
a showgirl?" ... To which her
companion (agent Paul Small) said:
"I offered her a receptionist's Job
only today at $23 a week and she
laughed at me." . . . The showman
indignantly rejoined: "You're not
offering people $25 a week these
days?" . . . "Who are you to talk?"
barked the agent. "You'd offer it
to a start" . . . Ozzie Nelson says
when a show's a success the pro
ducer knocks wood. When it isn't,
he knocks critics.
Mkdtewa Vignette: At the Ber
nard Baruch dinner for Mr. Church
ill, Cardinal Spellman was also an
honored guest. . . . Baruch is a tall
man?Churchill is a shorty?and
they were having quite a time of it
with the microphone. . . . Unto, that
is, a volunteer got up to help. . . .
The mike-adjuster (raising it high
or low) was the Cardinal.
? am 11 Ji i 11 ,
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
State Department Blueprints
International Atom Control;
House Probes Spy Intrigue
by Western Newspaper Union. -J
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When eplniena see expressed Is these celemas, they ere these at
Westers Newspaper Union's news analysis eat net aeeeesarily ef this newspaper.)
Pictured (from bot
tom to top) during tense
UNO talk an Iran are
Andrei Gromyko, repre
senting the soviet; Sir
Alexander Cadogan of
Britain, and Edward
Stettinins and James
Byrnes of the B. 8.
WORLD RELATIONS:
Atom?Ruts V
Even as the United Nation* Or
ganization'* security council (trove
to compose differences with Russia
over the Iranian question, the U. S.
state department issued a special
report calling (or the creation of an
international agency to control all
phaaes of atomic energy and avert
atomic rivalry among the major
powers.
Written by a distinguished board
of scientists and technicians the re
port* recommended the establish
ment of an atomic development au
thority that would own and lease
property and conduct mining, manu
facturing, research, licensing, in
spection or other operations. While
the authority would possess absolute
control over the production of atom
ic weapons, it would permit utiliza
tion of atomic energy in such civilian
fields as medicine, biology, chemis
try and physics.
The U. S.'s secret processes in
development of atomic energy
would be gradually unfolded to the
United' Nations authority as plans
progressed for its development. Re
lease of preliminary information
necessary to discussion of setting up
the agency would be followed by
revelation of industrial know-how in
manufacture and finally the method
of constructing the A-bomb.
In releasing the report. Secretary
of State Byrnes pointed out that the
recommendations did not consti
tute official U. S. policy but could
be considered as a basis for dis
cussion of the creation of an inter
; national atomic authority.
Meanwhile, the security council
! worked on means to adjust the dif
ficult situation posed by Russia's
wslkout in protest over UNO's consid
eration of Iran's complaint against
the Soviets for failure to withdraw
Red troops from the country. While
Russia's withdrawal from the delib
erations Jolted UNO, the Soviets
were quick to explain that their ac
tion did not mean they were with
drawing from the United Nations,
but rather objecting to security coun
cil procedure.
SPY INTRIGUE:
j House Acts
Hard upon the arrest of a 19-year
old Russian naval officer for espi
onage by the FBI In Portland, Ore.,
the house committee on un-Amer
ican activities, headed by Repre
sentative Wood (Dem., Ga.) voted
j to send investigators up to Can
ada to probe possible connections
between the Soviet spy ring uncov
ered In the dominion and agents in
this country.
Revealing that the committee had
been aware of the FBI's investiga
tion of the Soviet naval officer, Lt.
I Nicolai Red in, the committee coun
sel said that the group soon would
hold hearings on subversive activi
ties and call on a number of wit
nesses, including atomic scientists
| end government employees.
Meanwhile, Redin. nabbed for ob
taining information about the de
stroyer tender US3 Yellowstone,
charged "the whole thing is a build
up tor political purposes." A mem
ber of the Soviet land-lease pur
chasing staff in the U. 8., Redin
enjoys no diplomatic immunity aad
was bald on ?M,M0 bond.
LABOR FRONT:
Farm Machinery Tie-Up
Government seizure of strike
bound farm machinery plants ap
peared as the remaining alternative
as negotiations between companies
and union bogged down and equip
ment was badly needed for the
maintenance of high crop produc
tion to meet domestic and foreign
demands.
As the government pondered tak
ing over the plants, the Internation
al Harvester company continued to
resist the CIO-Farm Equipment
Workers' demands for union security,
maintenance of membership, dues
checkoff, arbitration and methods
for settling grievances. Both com
pany and union agreed to a govern
ment fact-finding recommendation
for an 18-cent an hour wage in
crease.
In addition to 30,000 workers in 11
International Harvester plants, 11,
900 employees in six plants of Allis
Chaimers and J. I. Case remained
out over contract differences.
Coal Snag
While the government kept one
eye on the farm machinery situa
tion, it trained another on the coal
industry, where parleys between
John L. Lewis' United Mine Work
ers and the operators sagged over
the UMW chieftain's demands for
the creation of a health and wel
fare fund.
Dropped last year during the bar
gaining over a new contract, the
health and welfare fund issue was
raised again this year by Lewis, who
gave it No. 1 position on the nego
tiating agenda. Asserting that it
would cost them $90,000,000 annual
ly, the operators proposed the crea
tion of a Joint committee to study
an accident compensation plan as
an alternative.
1 Am m w.lkMrf im
loomed, the government prepared
to control the ihipment of an esti
mated 19,000,000 tons of bituminous
coal above ground Steel spokes
men said a miners' walkout might
result in the restriction of produc
tion within two weeks.
New UAW Chief
A concerted drive to organize the
white collar workers in the automo
bile industry loomed with the ? lec
tion of Aery, red-haired Walter Rett
ther as the new ClO-United Auto
mobile Workers president. Avowed
foe of the communist faction within
the UAW, Reuther thwarted the
re-election hopes of R. J. Thomas,
head of the union since 1938, who
enjoyed leftist Support.
In winning the presidency of the
biggest union in the world. Reuther
announced the organization of the
white collar workers in the indus
try as one of his No. 1 goals. Ha
also said an educational program
would be undertaken to interest the
membership in union activity and
the UAW would strive for Industry
wide instead of company-wide bar
gaining to correct wage and work
ing inequalities between plants.
The stormy petrel of the UAW,
and head of the union's General Mo
tors division, Reuther is 39 and des
tined for major leadership hi the
American labor movement, fired
from the tool department at the
Ford Motor company for wlw ac
tivity in 1913, he organized an AFL
local in Ota plant in 1936 and than
lad Ms men Into the cSTta M8.
~ uaa.
GERMAN ASSETS:
Uncovered in Spain
Enjoying the co-operation at the
Franco government, the U. 8. and
Britain, acting for the Allied con
trol council, have uncovered mora
than 100 million dollars In German
assets in Spain and taken possession
as the ruling force of the vanquished
reich.
Included in the assets are con
trolling shares in extensive holding
companies; 30 ships and other facil
ities of three shipping companies |j
100 buildings; gold worth $1,125,000;j
German paintings used for propa
ganda purposes, and a huge stock
of champagne which was to be sold
to obtain foreign exchange.
Discovery of stock of the Socie
dad Financiero Industria in a vault
under the German embassy in Ma
drid gave U. S. and British officials
control over a far-flung holding
company comprising 17 corpora
tions. Organized at the beginning
of the Spanish civil war to supply,
goods and munitions to Franco, the
holding company was supported by
the Nazis.
Among the German businesses
taken over were makers of tires
and rubber, medical and electrical
equipment, electrical appliances,
radio sets and telephones, and light
bulbs. Krupp's extensive lirenamg
of patents and processes at a $ per
cent royalty abo sera subject to
Allied administration.
FARM EXPERIMENT:
Dropped by Ford
In line with its announced policy;
of abandoning activities not directly
connected with the manufacture at
automobiles, the Ford Motor com
pany will dispose at 18,(100 acres at
farmland fa Michigan originally ao>
quired tor experimenting in the
adaptation at agricultural products
to industrial use.
. m
The company also decided to give
up the model school peoject organ
ized tor the r??wTTuwiHu? surround
ing the huge land One
room schools were remodeled, kin
dergartens opened for three and
four-year-olds, and studies shaped to
permit practical application at text
book teachings.
Under the new policy pushed by
Henry Ford n, the company wffl not
resume manufacture at some at its
own tires and a tugboat wood for
Ford piers on the Detroit river has
been sold. Operated by a founda
tion separate from the company, foe
Ford museum and Greenfield vil
lage will not be affected.
Found: An Honest Man! |
Honesty still la the best paHsy
to Frsak Barewe. 71. wba bas
worked bard spin Una a Am
repair Asp to CHcai*. DL. tor
M years and Inei the vahse A
money. Wbile reheating sense
footwear far aa aafcaowa eae
tomer. the tsbblsr dtotersisd
U.1M to ton sad twenty Mar
shoes. Whea the eniteaser re
Sl.to*, - Insisting an withholdtog
SI* as a reward.
PEARL HARBOR:
Reopen Hearings
Pondering lengthy testimony en
the Pearl Harbor disaster of De
cember 7, 1941. the congressional
committee named to investigate
the catasrophe decided to reopen
public hearings to obtain more de
tailed information from top military
and naval officers as to their where
abouts on the evening preceding thn
attack.
Decision to call General Marshal.
Admiral Stark and Rear Admiral
Beard all back (or questioning (al
lowed late testimony of Cooodr. L.
R Schulz that President Roosevelt
had sought to contact Stork an the
night of December ? after teceipt
of the first 13 parts of the Japanese
message indicating a rupture in dip
lomatic relations.
While Marshall and Stork bad told
the committee they could not recall -
their whereabouts on the night cd|
December (, Schulz said that Mr.,
Roosevelt was informed that Storto
was attending a theater. Beardall
was said to have been dining With)
the late Admiral Wilkinson, chief ed
naval intelligence. Schuix'a taato
mooy may serve to refresh thato