The Alamance Gleaner 1
VOL. LXXII GRAHAM, N. C.f THURSDAY, MAY 9, 1946 No" 14
OTCCKLT NEWS ANALYSIS
Crack Down on G. I.s in Europe;
UNRRAAid Falls Short of Needs;
U. S. Sets Foreign Loan Terms
by Western Newspaper Union
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When ?pinions ere expressed In these colsmas. they are these ef
(Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily ef this newspaper.)
Pointing op Herbert Hoover's statement that 3# million European
children are in need of extra food, these Italian youngsters beg pho
tographer for bread. Boy at left tries to sell peanots to obtain money
for purchasing cereals.
ARMY:
Tighten Discipline
With the low state of discipline
leading to loss of respect for Amer
ican authority by the enemy and
injury to our reputation among the
Allies, Gen. Joseph T. McNarney,
O. S. commander in Europe, or
dered all unit commanders to jack
up on personnel.
Citing the rapid demobilization
and _ dissolution of tried battle
groups, McNarney declared that
makeshift units possess none of the
pride of the veteran outfits and of
ficers do not have the same tradi
tional attachment to their men as
they would have for those regularly
under them.
McNarney listed six indications of
a deterioration of army discipline in
Europe, including participation in
black markets and drunkenness;
high absence without leave; the im
posing automobile accident rate;
excessive venereal disease infec
tion; lack of smartness in appear
ance and conscientious observance
of military courtesy, and complain
ing attitudes toward top authority.
OVERSEAS RELIEF:
VNRRA Aid
Set up to provide relief for war
stricken areas, the United Nations
Relief and Rehabilitation admin
istration furnished 4 million tons of
supplies costing al
most 700 million dol
lars up to Decem
ber 31, 1945, but
help extended con
stitutes only a drop
in the bucket com
pared to over-all re
quirements.
President Tru
man's release of a
ITNBBA's
A V V4 ?
*?*?? activities came as
CMumltU. PNlir .. .. , TT _
the combined U. S.,
British and Canadian food board al
lotted the international agency 460.
000 tons of cereals from its grain
pool. While UNRRA Director La
Guardia had asked for 700,000 tons,
Allied food experts were unable to
grant his requests in view of the
needs of other people hot fed by his
organization.
With the U. S. and Britain pro
viding the bulk of the funds,
UNRRA's distributions to Decem
ber 31, 1945, included:
Country Tons Value, dollars
Greece 1.739.687 108.107.000
Yugoslavia 976.223 190.057.000
Czechoslovakia 409.427 87.575.000 I
Nnd 348J10 113.212.000
China 197.112 23.237,000 '
fitly 134.017 24.129.000
M?ll 97.179 13.000.000
Ukrainian 8.S.R 44.138 10.424.000
Byelorussian S S.R. .. 22.238 4.897.000
Dodecaaeas Islands .. 1.589 123.000
Others 30.497 9.992.090
Totals 3.909.257 681.553.009
*"???-? *i~ _ m i:_. .4 ?u.
^vncern over uic iecuuig ox un
world's hunger hit areas was
heightened by a U. S. weather bu
reau report that rain was sorely
needed in some sections of the
great plains wheat growing states
if the department of agriculture's
forecasts of another bumper crop
were to materialize.
U. S. CREDIT:
Name Conditions
While the U. & was determined to
demand tree trade in eastern Eu
rope as a condition for granting
Russia a one-billion dollar loan, a
90 million dollar advance was
made to Soviet-dominated Poland
aw the stipulation that free and
?diamparart elections would be held
to name a representative democrat
ic government for the country.
Of the 90 million dollar loan to
Poland, 40 million will be used for
the purchase of American coal cars
and locomotives to facilitate the
movement of fuel to western Eu
rope and the Balkans, the U. S.
state department disclosed. The re
mainder of the credit will be applied
against Poland's acquisition of sur
plus property in Europe.
Besides requiring the conduct of
free elections, the U. S. obtained
Poland's agreement not to discrim
inate against American nationals
and trade and to properly compen
sate U. S. citizens and corporations
whose property has been taken over
or nationalized.
U. S. demands on Russia for free
trade in eastern Europe in exchange
for a one billion dollar loan followed
the Soviets' quick postwar maneu
vering to bring the region under
their economic domination.
Under a five-year pact with Hun
gary, joint Russo-Hungarian navi
gation, oil, aviation, bauxite and
aluminum companies were set up,
while a similar deal with Romania
resulted in formation of Russo-Ro
manian bank, oil, navigation and
aviation enterprises. In some in
stances, the Soviets' equities con
sist of concessions or Axis property
claimed as renarations.
Short term barter agreements
also were negotiated with Poland,
Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Fin
land, Bulgaria, Romania and Hun
gary, involving substantial amounts
of raw and finished material.
Ripping into the Soviets' eastern
European deals, the U. S. has pro
tested on the grounds that no per
manent peace treaties have yet
been drawn as a basis of negotia
tions; the major allies pledged
themselves to work together for re
building ex-enemy countries, and
composition of joint companies can
be implemented to exclude other na
tions from participating in econom
ic enterprises.
ITALY:
Fascist Underground
Theft of the remains of Benito
Mussolini from a potter's field near
Milan pointed up the undercover ac
tivities of fascist forces in Italy. Bit
ter foes of the communist-socialist
bloc, n Duce's followers have been
working quietly in the immediate
postwar period, seeking to capital
ize on complaints of cumbersome
democratic processes and foster
sentiment for renewed authoritarian
?i
rule.
When Mussolini's bod; was dug
up from an unmarked grave and
carried off. with a boot with part
at a rotted leg left to lie behind, a
note extolling II Duce and signed
"Democratic Fascist party" was
placed near the burial plot. In lyr
ical style the note read: "The time
will come in which Benito Mussolini
in his coffin, kissed by our sun, will
parade through the streets of Italy
and all the roses of the world and
all the tears of our women will not
be enough to give extreme greet
ings of the country to this great
son."
According to some estimates, no
less than 200,000 Italians are said
to be members at the secret S.A.M.
(Squadre d'Azione Mussolini) or
ganization, which has been most
active in the northern section of the
country. Consisting of personnel at
former fascist military units, the
S.A.M. work fat units of from 28 to
80 persons, with instrocthiBS to
check political activity and infil
trate into parties and foment die
RYE:
Futures Soar
With May rye hovering at the
$2.63 a bushel mark and d^ly fu
ture transactions running far above
prewar levels, the Chicago Board
of Trade was scheduled to under
take its second investigation of
dealings in the commodity to ascer
tain if any operator or group pos
sessed a corner.
Having failed to uncover a "cor
ner" after a probe several months
ago, the board renewed its invest^,
gation by ordering all members to
report accounts with open posi
tions.
Because May rye carries no ceil
ing, observers said that the high
prices the grain commands reflect
supply, and demand. Against the
$2.63 a bushel figure in the open
market, the new crop was selling 1
around the $1.48 a bushel ceiling.
RAIL WRECK:
Big Toll
In the worst train wreck since
1944, when two sections of the
Southern Pacific collided near
Great Salt Lake, Utah, and 48 per
sons were killed, the Burlington's
Exposition Flyer plowed into the
rear of the stalled Advance Flyer
in Naperville, 111., to take a toll of
approximately 48 dead.
Running on the same track three
minutes apart, the two crack trains
crashed when the Advance Flyer
pulled up to a stop for its crew to
investigate a flash of flame from
beneath one of the coaches. Though
an automatic caution signal went on
7,784 feet to the east and a danger
signal beamed 1,100 feet from the
stalled train, the engineer of the
Exposition Flyer was unable to
brake his charging Diesel in time
to avoid the crash.
Though Engineer W. W. Blaine,
68, of Galesburg, HI., himself suf
fered only a face cut, many pas
sengers were killed when his big
locomotive ripped into the last steel
coach on the Advance Flyer and
the impact buckled the diner ahead
of it and overturned two other cars.
In all, six coaches were upset or
derailed and lay strewn over
the twisted track like toys. In ad
dition to the 48 killed, over 100 were
injured.
DIPLOMACY:
Four-Power Meet
Settlement of the ticklish Yugo
slav claims to Italian Trieste
loomed as the foreign ministers of
the U. S., Britain, Russia and
France met in Paris in an attempt
to iron out complex political and eco
nomic questions holding up the
formulation of peace treaties for for
mer Axis satellites.
As Byrnes, Bevin, Molotov and
Bidault met to speed up the con
elusion of terms, their deputy
foreign ministers who had found
ered over a majority of the issues
happily advanced a solution to the
Trieste problem: Agreeing to set
tle territorial claims on the basis
of residential nationalities, the dep- |
uties recommended Italy's reten
tion of Italian-populated Trieste and
surrender to Yugoslavia of Yugo
slavian-settled land nearby the vi
tal port.
Disposition of Trieste was only
one of the knotty problems facing
the Big Four in drawing terms for
Italy. One of the principal bones
of contention centered in Russia's
demands for trusteeships over
Italy's North African colonies situ
ated along Britain's Mediterranean
lifeline to the Far East. With Brit
ain resisting the Reds' claims out
of an unwillingness to establish the
Soviets in a strategic position along
the imperial, lifeline, the U. S. ad
vanced a compromise under which
the colonies would be placed under
a United Nations' trusteeship.
Bevia, Byrnes and Molotov.
CIGARETTES:
Hike Prices
In granting increases in the price
of cigarettes, OPA declared that ris
ing manufacturing costs necessi
tated the boosts to assure producers
of earnings equal to prewar levels.
While manufacturers were al
lowed a 25 cent raise per 1,000
cigarettes, retailers were permitted
to hike the prices a half cent a peck
on multiple sales of two, four, six,
etc., packs and five cents on a
carton of 10 packs. Where sale
of cigarettes through vending ma
chines is permissible, an increase
at one cent a peck was granted.
Allowed primarily on sales of mul
tiple packs offered at cut-rates, die
price increases were not extended
to single pecks. 1
Cast of Characters:
Midnight Susie, the hag who
haunts the Main Stem. . . . She
claims she was one of Broadway's
glamour gals decades ago. . . . The
hefty lady-bouncer In a 3rd Avenue
gin-mill, who tames the toughest
bores by merely talking to them.
. . . Tin-Pan Alley's song-scrib
bling cynics, who grind out Amer
ica's most tender romantic ballads.
. . . The 52nd Street barkeep who
entertains barflies with sleight-of
hand card tricks. . . . The two bar
tenders at the Stork Club, whose
tips were so plentiful they've Just
bought their own joynt. . . . The
gambler who carries past-perform
ance records of the racehorses in
a brief case. . . . The pretty red
haired shoe-shine gal near Grand
Central Station.
The Union Square soap-boxer who
peddles carrot juice as a health
giver. . . . The uppity Park Avenue
bookie who accepts bets only from
the snobbish set. . . . The poet who
squats near the East River in the
50s all day ? composing verses
which he gives to children. . . .
Crowds of do-nothings huddled near
comer cigar stores tensely watch
ing a nickel-matching contest. . . .
The exclusive tailor in the New
York Stock Exchange. . . . The
Mulberry Street puppeteers?one of
the city's most arresting free shows.
. . . Workers in subway change
booths who rarely take their orbs
off books they read, while mechan
ically dishing out jitneys.
? _____
The miserable matinee Idol who
totes a torch lor a lamed actress,
usually mobbed by clawtographers.
. . . The peanut stand man whose
stand is covered with photos ol
celebs ? autographed! . . . The
prune-laced lady (in the Fifties)
handing out slips ol paper with
Scriptural passages on them. . . .
Sidewalk hawkers who sell books,
mags, ties and kitchen utensils.
One-man department stores. . . .
Sleuths in railroad terminals keep
ing their eyes peeled tor muggs
with police records arriving Irom
the hinterland. . . . Ladies who put
a coat over their nighties and take
their pups tor an airing every dawn
ing along Madison Ave.
Qniteso, Qniteso: Ted Breton re
minds us that Maurice Barrymore
loaned his presence to vaudeville
lor one consecutive 3-day run. It
was at the Olympic In Chicago. . . .
One matinee Maurice dashed off
the stage and into the manager's
office. . . . "See here!" Maurice
see-here'd. "I cannot continue.
They Just don't get me. I cannot
please your audience!"
Manager George Castle calmly
comforted: "Don't try. Just draw
'em in. The nobodies on the pro
gram always give the show."
Worse'n the Electric Chair: Jack
Haley was listening to a newcomer
In Movietown, who was discussing
international events. . . . "The worst
moment I ever had," he said, "was
when I saw Gromyko walk out on
the U. N." . . . "Then," said Haley,
"you haven't really lived. Wait'll
you see Louella Parsons walking
out in the middle o1 the preview ol
your first picture!"
Bob Bench! ey was also irked by
literary pirates who aped his yarns.
He brushed them off this way:
"Anyone who is stupid enough to
steal ideas?isn't smart enough to
steal the good onesl"
Americans whs hare recently re
turned from Spain inform us that
the Spanish undergrounders have
launched a campaign of ridicule
similar to the one that flourished in
Germany when Hitler was in pow
er. Frixample: Night after night
the walls in an Industrial section of
Madrid are daubed with anti-fascist
inscriptions. In vain the Spanish
soldiers hunted for the authors of
this outrage. One day, a tired and
enraged soldier wrote under one
of the slogans on the wall: "Why
don't you do it in broad daylight,
you cowards?"
The next day there was an an
swer: "Sorry, but in the daytime we
are too busy parading with you fel
lows!"
Heywood Brean was an optimist
who believed that men of goo 1 trill
would some day build a world at
peace and piospetlty. But there
were times when tragic news left
him glum.
A friend who was with Broun
when be was depressed heard him
mutter: "This world started from
chaos and it artO end in chaoa. What
By EDWARD EMERINE
wxu ruHiM.
??\I/HY not enjoy living? We
W do!"
Backed by over 400 years of his
tory, tradition and romance, soft
spoken South Carolina is still glam
orous and appealing. Consider for a
moment that 90 per cent of the
South Carolinians in the armed
forces, when polled. Indicated their
intention of returning to their na
tive state when they got out of uni
form! Though they had seen the
world, they found nothing to lure
them away from the Low country,
the Up country, and the Piedmont
in between.
South Carolina has had a glori
ous past. But also it has a future!
It endured terrible years of Recon
struction following the War Between
the States, and it was not until the
turn of the century that order came
nit of chaos. Then South Carolina
was aware of itself again, ready to
rope with its problems in the light
it progress.
Each decade has seen improve
ment, and a further step toward the
fulfillment of its destiny. South Caro
lina is vibrant with new life, new
- energies, and a will to progress.
Wealth has been introduced by tex
dle and other industries, including
plastics and chemicals. Soil rec
lamation, reforestation, flood con
trol, hydro-electric development ?
those are the projects of today.
Agriculture has been spurred to new
heights by scientific aids. Fields of
cotton, corn, tobacco and peanuts
still remain; but new crops have
been added and more will come.
And new industries too, for South
Carolina is rich in natural re
sources, many of them as yet un
developed.
Old friat mill, Aodersoa eomtr
Open for business. South Caro
lina advertises, and points to ex
cellent hifhways, raQ and water
transportation, and main routes of
airplane travel. Favored by ? mild
all-year climate, it beckons to those
*ho want a borne, pleasure, jobs,
business, manufacturing, farming
and a good life.
More than 80 years before Vir
ginia was founded and over 80 years
before the Puritans reachsd Masse
rhusetts, a white settlement was
founded on what is now Wtayah bay
in the Low country. It was the ill
fated Spanish settlement of San
Miguel de Gualdape.
Other Spaniards came, De Soto
and Juan Pardo, to explore the inte
rior about the Savannah river. Com
peting with the Spaniards were the
French, who in 1S62 briefly settled
a body of Huguenots at Port Royal.
None of these ventures endured,
however, and it was left to the
English to establish permanent set
tlements.
Charles I in 1629 granted to Sir
Robert Heath "all America from
sea to sea between the 36th and 31st
parallels of latitude under the name
of Carolina." Even then the coun
try remained unexplored until 1663
when Charles II chartered the
same territory to eight of his loyal
friends. They became lord propri
etors of the province of Carolina.
In March, 1670, the first settlement,
consisting of 148 persons, was made
at Albemarle Point and named
Charles Town, the Charleston of to
day.
RAN SOME J. WILLIAMS
Governor of Sooth Carolina
Cavalier* and Puritan* cam*
from England to awdl the popula
tion. The fame of Carolina sunshine
spread, and the story of its fertile
soil was repeated in many lands.
From across the sea and from other
American colonies they came, until
there were Cavaliers, Puritans,
French Huguenots, Irish, Dutch and
Germans. Many Quakers arrived
early, and on* of them, John Arch
lade, served as governor of the
province. Later more than a thou
sand suffering Acadian* found a ref
uge and a home. Added to all these
were the Negroes, bringing an un
suspected gift of rhythm, and fur
nishing the sinews for the struggle
to build a new land.
Like all colonists they brought
with them old hatreds and differ
ences of class and creed. Some
cam* for riches, some for adven
ture, others sought relief from re
ligious persecution. They quarreled
often among themselves, but stood
together against any common
enemy. They repulsed the attacking
Indians and they fought off pirates
from the coast. In 1714 at
Charleston, 4B pirates swung from
the gallows in one month, with B
of (ham dangling there one day.
They (ought lor the right of local
self-government. They overthrew
the proprietary government and be
came a royal province under the
king's charter. They finally revolted
against the king himself, and be
came one of the 13 original Ameri
can colonies. They reasserted them
selves again in 1860, and there fol
lowed the Civil war.
Through all the years, in massa
cre and war, through storm and
fire, despite earthquake and pesti
lence, the people of South Carolina
struggled on. They explored the wil
derness and located new towns and
more plantations. They built roads
through forests and swamps, and
threw bridges across rivers and
streams. They built houses of "tab
by"?a composition of crushed oys
ter shell?and of thick hardwood
logs. They spread out from the Low
country to the Up country. They built
for beauty and utility and discov
ered the dignity of life.
"Charleston is the place whera
the Ashley and Cooper rivers meet
to form the Atlantic ocean," is the
traditional geography lesson of a
Charleston child ? a lesson as sig
nificant as it is descriptive. Men
and women of South Carolina be
lieve in themselves, in their state,
and in their destiny. They have pro
duced leisure, culture and ? high
responsibility of citizenship. They
have drawn character from the
land itself, and courage and integ
rity from their labors. More than 290
years of war-torn history have
molded and tempered and strength
ened a people until they know their
metal.
Gloriously patriotic in World Wars
I and II, South Carolina has fur*
niahed, fed and trained men for ev
ery battlefield in the world. Her
heroes have followed Old Glory to
the farthest ends of the earth, gath
ering Purple Hearts and battle
stars?and filling lonely graves.
South Carolina's motto is Dssa
Spiro, Spero (While I Breathe I
Hope); also, Animas Opibasqse
Paratl (Prepared in. Spirit and
Wealth, or Beady with Minds and
Resources), and at no time in her
history have these phrases been
more fitting than they are now.
From the mountains to the sea.
South Carolina has 31,086 square
miles of inviting land!
I cTm>r
. ii UTi
WORTH c A >Q !? I N a
MOUTH
\COLLrMBIA
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