t n ?
The Alamance Gleaner
> ____^
VOL. LXXII GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1946 No. 36
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Local Governments Build Up
Huge Public Works Program;
Develop New Horror Weapon
______??? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ???????I
i EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions nro expressed In theoo eels inns, they nro thooe of
Western Nowspapor Union's nows analysis and not noeeosarUy of this newspaper.)
Protesting against Russian policy of withholding information of
whereabouts of war prisoners, Japanese from all the home islands
gathered in Tokyo to demonstrate their disfavor.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS:
Trade Pact
Pres. Juan Peron and his entire
cabinet looked on as British Ambas
sador Reginald Leeper and Argen
tine Foreign Minister Juan Bram
uglia signed trade accords cement
ing commercial relations between
the two countries. Pleased by the
event, Peron announced that he had
ordered three shiploads of meat to
be sent to Britain before Christ
mas with the compliments of his
government.
Peron might well have been
tickled with the agreement, which
calls for Britain's purchase of 83
per cent of Argentina's exportable
meat surplus in the first year at
prices 25 per cent over prevailing
levels. During the second year, Brit
ain will take 78 per cent of Argen
tine supplies. The latest price boost
brings the total increase up to 45
per cent over the 1939 level when
Britain first went in for large
scale buying.
In another accord, the British
relinquished their control of Argen
tine railways in exchange for shares
in a new company including Argen
tine government and private capi
tal. Under a third agreement,
Argentina will be permitted to util
ize blocked wartime trade balances
in Britain for retiring sterling debts,
buying out British investments, or
making cash withdrawals of 25 mil
lion dollars annually.
PUBLIC WORKS:
Huge Backlog
Helped by federal aid in planning,
states, cities and counties have
drawn up a huge $4,107,136,000 pub
lic works program. Along with fed
eral projects running into the bil
lions, the nation's overall program
not only promises to provide neces
sary public improvements but also
a possible source of bolstering em
ployment in the event of a business
let-down.
State, city and county programs
are broken down into those using
federal funds for planning and eth
era blue-printed by the various gov
ernmental units themselves. In ob
taining U. S. money for planning,
applicants must show a capacity to
build within four years with their
own funds and agree to repay fed
eral advances without interest at
the start of construction.
Of the 4,630 projects totaling
61,296,997,051 mapped with federal
funds, sewer, water and sanitary 1
improvements costing approximate
ly $646,000,000 constitute the largest '
item. Following are school exten- 1
sions or new building, $319,000,000; '
public buildings, $117,000,000; hos- >
pitals and clinics, $73,000,000; high- 1
ways, roads and streets, $46,000,000; '
parks and other recreational facili- <
ties, $30,000,000; bridges, viaducts I
and railroad overpasses, $28,000,000; '
airports, $20,000,000; and miscellane- <
ou projects, $116,000,000. t
WARFARE:
New Horror
Add the latest to science's horror
weapons:
A new poison so deadly that less
than one - seventh millionth of a
gram is enough to kill a man and a
one-inch cube could wipe out every
person in the U. S. and Canada.
Existence of the new terror weap
on was revealed by Dr. Gerald
Wendt of New York City in a Gen
eral Electric Science Forum. De
scribing the latest killer as an in
nocent looking crystalline toxin, he
revealed the poison was invisible,
microscopic in size and easily
spread. Because of its great de
structiveness and cheapness in
manufacture, any small nation pos
sessing the toxin could become a
formidable world threat.
Wendt declared that the U. S. al
ready has spent 50 million dollars in
research on the new weapon, a
small sum in comparison to expend
itures on radar and the atom bomb.
MEAT:
Crisis Widens
No less than 36,000 butcher shops
throughout the nation were said to
have closed and almost 100,000
clerks and packing house employees
were reported idle as the crisis in
meat continued.
Receipts of cattle and hogs re
mained far below the high levels
established during the suspension of
OPA and ran considerably below
last year's runs. As packers await
ed the large seasonal fall shipments,
they were compelled to bid ceiling
prices for lean, grass-fed cattle and
inferior grades of hogs. Some of
the stock received was said to be
suitable for by-product purposes
only.
Meanwhile, OPA promised to act
upon restaurant operators' protests
against imposition of June 30 ceil
ings on meat dishes. With the res
taurateurs claiming that the restora
tion of old prices in the face of in
creasing costs would force them to
close, OPA said it would modify ceil
ings to assure adequate earnings if
evidence of hardship were offered.
Whereas restaurants spent 40 cents
of each dollar of revenue for food,
they now expend 55 cents, it was
said.
YUGOSLAVIA:
Jail Archbishop
Acting upon the testimony of the
voluble secretary to Archbishop
Alojzijc Stepinac, head of the Ro
man Catholic church in Yugoslavia,
Marshal Tito's communist govern
ment arrested the high prelate and
prepared to try him for "crimes
against the people."
With li priests already on trial
on the same charge, inclusion of
the Archbishop would further tend to
discredit religion in the Russian
dominated nation, following the pat
tern of communist hostility to all
:reeds. While the powerful Croatian :
peasant leader, Vladimir Macek, |
was implicated in the Archbishop's i
alleged machinations, the govern- ,
ment hesitated to move firmly ,
against him for fear of political re- ,
percussions. 1
Talking freely against the Arch- (
oishop, his former secretary alleged i
hat the prelate's castle in Zagreb <
was the center of an anti-Tito move
nent to set up an independent Cro- 1
it.an state. Charging that the i
Vrchbishop worked closely with one i
>f Draja Mihailovitch's ex-aids in <
iromoting anti-government bands, <
he secretary declared that the high I
hurchman planned to finance a 1
errorist campaign for separation, l
FREIGHT RATES:
Wind Up Hearings
Department of agriculture repre
sentative bucked the railroads' peti
tion for a 25 per cent rate in
crease in final hearings before the
Interstate Commerce commission I
in Washington, D. C., while the car
riers argued that the boost was nec
essary to prevent deficit operations.
Department opposition was based '
upon two points: First, that an in
crease in freight costs to farmers
would retard the electrification of '
rural regions, and, second, that it <
would impose a heavy burden upon
the fish industry and curtail the
movement of its products. I
Railroads are destined to lose 1
more than 200 million dollars at 1
present rates next year, the car- 1
riers argued. Since 1939, wages, fuel !
and supplies have risen 50 per cent 1
to a total of 2 billion dollars, they '
said, and even with the present !
high volume of traffic they only fig- '
ure to earn 30 million dollars in j
1946. Pending settlement of the car- 1
riers' petition, the ICC held over a
temporary 10 per cent wartime
raise.
WOiyJ3 LABOR:
Wage Warning
As delegates to the 29th general
conference of the International La
bor organization convened in Mont
real, Que., Director Edward J. Phe
lan issued a warning against rising
wages not based upon increased
production.
Hitting against inflationary wage
boosts in a 113-page report review
ing the world reconversion picture,
Phelan told delegates from 51 mem
ber countries including the U. S.
that workers should refrain from
strikes crippling resumption of
large-scale output; employers must
keep prices within reasonable lim
its, and governments should act to
bring capital and labor into har
monious agreement.
Wage boosts based on increased
productivity are essential to contin
ued prosperity, Phelan declared.
While more goods will tend to lower
prices, higher pay will permit a
greater consumption, bolstering
both employment and business. Un
der those circumstances, profit
sharing represents a fair measure
for wage determination, Phelan
said.
MARRIAGE:
Rocky Road
For every three marriages in 1945
there was one divorce, the Federal
Security agency reported in the first
government reporting of such statis
tics.
From the rate of 1.9 divorces per
1,000 population in 1937-'39, separa
tions jumped to 3.6 in 1945, it
also was revealed.
Except for the depression years,
the divorce rate has gone steadily
Marriage offeri no problem to J
Mr. and Mr*. William H. Saver *
of Pittsburgh, Pa., who celebrated *
their 58th wedding anniversary. "
Mrs. Saver still ranks at the top
of the deck with her husband.
upwards in the U. S., even rising
through the wartime period when
marriages dipped between 1942 and
1945.
FSA studies showed that mar
riage and divorce rates rise with
prosperity and war and sink with
depression.
EUROPE:
Proposes Union
Winston Churchill echoed U. S.
Secretary of State Byrnes' proposal
for a strong, unarmed Germany in d
calling for a united states of Eu- b
rope to work within the framework J
of an international organization to
preserve peace.
Speaking at the University of Zu- ai
rich in Switzerland, Churchill sug- ^
gested that a reconciled France and y/
Germany form the cornerstone of a
continental union, with the British
empire, U. S. and Russia lending as- gj,
sistance. In welcoming Germany
back into the family of nations, ?
Churchill asked that the people be j 1S
distinguished from their Nazi lead
trs.
A united states of Europe estab
lished to preserve peace in the old
world would not conflict with the
United Nations, Churchill argued.
the contrary, he said, success
>f the U.N. was dependent upon a
latural grouping of western coun
xies strong and desirous enough to
neet threats to security.
For the Record:
In 194#, and repeated aa late aa
1944, Stalin declared that a Com
munist state was never safe until
the whole world was Communist.
The diplomatic rat race, started
3y Russia, is on. History will re
:ord the unspeakable tactics to
snare the support of Germans as an
atrocity of peace. The allied diplo
matic throat slitting (while promis
ing to revive Naziland's power) not
inly emphasizes their split ? also
.underlines the cleavage between
FDR's foreign policy and the zig
cagging now practiced by America's
:eaders. Roosevelt said:
"As for Germany, that tragic
nation which has sown the wind
and is now reaping the whirl
wind?we and our allies are en
tirely agreed that we shall not
bargain with the German con
spirators, or leave them a shred
of control?open or secret?of the
instruments of gov't. We shall
not leave them a single element
of military power?or of poten
tial military power."
From a front page story in the
New York Herald Tribune of Janu
iry 1, 1945: "Allied supreme head
juarters, confirming reports from
he front of a mass slaughter by the
Germans of American soldier pris
mers, issued today an official state
ment which said that 115 Americans
vere murdered in this way' soon
ifter the German counter-offensive
>egan. The statement (issued after
in investigation) said the Ameri
:ans captured near Malmedy, Bel
[ium, were lined up in ranks six
leep and were mowed down by ma
:hine-gun fire."
But a year and a half later
American diplomats are ready to
reat German soldiers like allies I
There Is nothing so hypocritical
ind stupid as the current syrupy
Irooling by allied diplomats about
he difference between "The Ger
nan people" and the Nazis. "The
Jerman people" is the most obnox
ous type of weasel-wording. . . .
faziism is merely a new label for
incient German venom. One of
lermany's military heroes is Gen
ral Count von Haesler. He once
leclared:
ill* I- ? < - . ..
?? ? necessary uui oar civil
ization build iU temple on moun
tains of corpses, on an ocean
of tears and on the death cries
of men and women without
numbers. Germany must rule
the inferior races of the world!"
He said that in 18931
Sec'y Byrnes' naive babbling that
ie Germans will behave like good
ttle rodents if they are gifted with
emocracy, must make intelligent
itizens shudder. Germans had a
iste of democracy during the days
t the Weimar republic ? after the
irst World war. They promply spit
out and swallowed Naziism.
Allied hop-heads now are cooing
ith Nazi militarists. But it's safer
> tangle with a cobra than clutch '
ie paw of a Judker killer. In 1944
ield Marshal von Rundstedt issued
secret report to German generals
tat stated:
"With the booty we have ac
cumulated, the enfeebling of two
generations of enemy manpower
and the destruction of their In
dustries, wo shall bo better
placed to conquer In ts years
than we wore la 1M9. Wo
don't have to fear peace condi
tions analogous to those which
wo have Imposed because our
adversaries will always bo div
ided. Their disunity will force
them to fight each other, and
Germany will play one side
against the other."
Allied plans to rebuild German in
istries must have been inspired
r the ghost of Hitler. When the
azi military machine cracked,
ading German industrialists held
secret meeting on August 10, 1944?
id blueprinted strategy for mobil
ing German industry for the Third
orld war.
The following news clipping
tould be on the desk of every dele
ite at the Paris conference. It was
iblished in the January 29, 1930,
?ue of the German zeitung, "Volk
cher Beobachter":
"Germany can have only one
ardent wish, namely, that the
spirit of misfortune should
hover over every allied confer
ence, that discord shall arise i
therefrom, and that finally a
world peace which would other- ,
wise ruin our nation should dis
solve in blood and fire."
From a speech by Adolf Hitler.
I
Settlement House Observes
Golden Jubilee of Founding
founder Remains
A.8 Lone Director
For 50-year Span
To the people of Cleveland,
Ohio, Hiram House is synony
mous with good citizenship. For
the past SO years, Hiram House
and its founder, George A.
Bellamy, have labored to build
for Cleveland the finest kind of
citizens possible.
Now the institution, which is sup
ported by the Community Chest, is
celebrating the 50th anniversary of
its founding. This year also marks
the golden anniversary of Bellamy's
connection with the institution. He
has the distinction of being not only
the founder but also the first and
only director.
Bellamy's philosophy was devel
oped in the backwoods of Michigan,
where he was born. In bringing his
ideas and ideals to one of the coun
try's larger cities he became the
first of his family to pioneer in a
large community. All previous
moves by his family had been back
to the land.
Founded In ISM.
Cleveland's first settlement house
founded as such grew out of a
chance remark made in 1896 in a
Hiram college classroom. Boston's
South End House was under dis
cussion and someone said, "Why
not a Hiram House for Cleveland?"
That "someone" was George Bel
lamy. A few months after his
graduation he went to Cleveland and
IN A DATS PORK ...A game of
checkers provide* diversion for
"young fry at Hiram House,
Clevelands settlement house. The
program isn't all play, however . ..
opened his first settlement house at
143 Orange street.
The first (aw months were
beetle. There was very little
money; the first furniture?and
tor a time the only furniture?
was a baby erib and table
loaned by a neighbor; the par
chase of a quarter's worth of
soap brought half a dot en metal
spoons as a premium; within a
few months the landlord gave
notice to vacate because too
many young people were com
ing to the house and he feared
for Its foundations.
The struggling little settlement
house was moved to another Orange
street location, where it operated
for two years. By 1909 there was
enough money to start building a
new structure. The move to the new
quarters at 2723 Orange avenue was
made in 1000.
Teaches Americanism.
Men. women and children came
to Hiram House in droves?from its
GOOD CITIZEN . . . Jut ant of i
college, George Bellamy founded
Hiram Houe In ISM. For ball a
century be baa remained as the
Srst and only director of tbe In
stitution, known tor its promotion
at good cltiienship In Cleveland.
first day of operation. They came
to learn how to be good Americans,
tor help in burying their dead, mar
rying the living and counselling the
wayward.
Gradually, Hiram House began to
build a reputation as a model settle
ment house, its founder and direc
tor a man with extraordinary vision.
Foreign countries began to send
their representatives to tbe Cleve
land settlement to study its pro
gram. More than 200 scientists in
terested themselves in Bellamy's
seven-point program for the growth
and development of the child.
When, in 1906, Hiram House 1
opened "Progress City," a model '
community with its own boy judges, '
. . . for children alto are taught the
rudiments of tewing and other
household arts. At tummertime
comet, the jewing basket it discard
ed when .. .
policemen, engineers and majfer,
various cities studied its program
with the thought of incorporating
its best ideas in their own plan
ning. Two representatives of the
President of Czechoslovakia later
lived at Hiram House for months,
studying "Progress City." A little
mode) cottage was built on the
sand dunes of Cairo, Egypt, pat- '
temed after the model cottage at J
Hiram House. Japan, 30 years ago, \
studied Hiram House with the view )
of copying its best points. I
Hiram Houm and George Bel
lamy have chalked up many "firsts"
in their 90-year association. It was
the first settlement in the world hav
ing a year-round, lighted play
ground with trained workers; tidal
settlement inaugurated summer*
camping for healthy children whol
had never seen a woods or a farmj
animal; it had among the first cook
ing, sewing and manual training1
classes in Cleveland; studies made
sy Hiram House workers resulted
in public bath bouses for the city and
improved standards for its public
lance halls. ?.
Aids Other Projects.
Bellamy has become famous for)
lis association with movements de
ligned to make Cleveland a better
place in which to live. He was
one of the original committee which,
prganized the Babies' dispensary,
and hospital; be helped organize
the Juvenile court, the Legal Aid
?ociety. Citizens' bureau and Cleve
land Community Chest, the first
community fund in the world and
since adopted by more than 800
American cities.
Because of the early help he
received from them, Bellamy
always has cherished a deep af- .
faction for country people aad
small town churches. la Us
straggling early years at Hiram j
House, it was the little churehes
surrounding Cleveland whaae I
pennies, nickels had dimes
helped keep the city settlement
houses going. The people In the
?mall towns near his camp
for wen children nt Chagrin
Palls gave him his erlghml op
portunity to introduce peer beys
and girls from the city's sheets
to the Joys of country Bring.
When Hiram House was opened
In 1896 Cleveland's population was
300,000. Today the city beasts a
population of a million persona.
Among that million are many thou
sands whose lives were influenced
luring their early years by contact
with Hiram House. These include
tome of Cleveland's outstanding
justness and professional men.
More than 90,000 persons, in all,
lave been associated with Hirant
House clubs and classes during the
icttlement's half century. Many at
hese persona made scores at visits
o the house, annual registration
mining as high as 490,000 to 900,000.
. . the date arrives for the settle
?lent'i annuel summer camp at
'hagrin Falls. Here boys end girls
oyfully bid farewell to cohorts
saving in the first bus.
ENVY OF WOMEN 't *
~~Ti
Oldest Man Doesn't Look His Age
CAMBRIDGE, MASS. - Oldest
man in the United State*?100,039
years old, more or less?doesn't look
bis age.
The ancient pilgrim, now at Har
vard's Peabody museum, where he
was shipped from London in pack
ing cases and English dgaret boxes,
was found in a cave on Mt. Carmel
in Palestine, part of the "richest
find of Neanderthal man specimens
ever made."
One hundred thousand years ago,
according to his discoverer, Dr.
Theodore McCown, professor of an
thropology at University of Califor
nia, the ancient man lived in the
old Stone Age until he reached 33
years. In forgotten forests, he hunt
ed the fallow deer, the wild ox and
the wild pig.
Now his are the oldest bones in
the United States, says Dr. Mc
Cown.
The old hunter Is not "a direct
ancestor of existing human beings,"
according to Dr. McCown, who ex
plains that anthropologists set the
origin of modern man at about 29,000
years ago. "He just looks like us," )
ha adds. ?
He liked beefsteak, rare. Found '
in the cave with his bones were 1
many bones of wild oxen in condi- 1
tion to indicate they were food, '
not pets.
Brought to London during war
rears (or study by Dr. McCown and
iir Arthur Keith, anthropologist at
he Royal College of Surgeons, the
Neanderthal bones were shaken by
i direct bomb hit on the college dur
ng the Nazi blitz.
The old hunter was unhurt!
Sleuth Nabs 2,000 Deserting Dads
NEW YORK.?II Hollywood were
seeking a movie sleuth, probably
the last man the casting directors
would look at is George Henry Lamb.
Yet Lamb has a spectacular record
in the detective field.
For 28 years the nervous, be
spectacled little man of 60 has been
boss and one-man posse of the
Queens County Abandonment bu
reau. In that role he has tracked
down more than 2,000 fathers wanted
for deserting their children. He has
pursued them in 48 states as well
as Cuba, Canada and Mexico.
u
"Bloodhound" Lamb, wiry and
abort, looks and talks like a clerk or
a Sunday school teacher.
He virtually commutes to Califor
nia?which seems to attract family
deserters like syrup does flies?and
recently returned from there with
his record one-trip catch of nine
straying fathers. Sixteen others set
tled by handing over enough money
to support their children, an ar*
rangement which Lamb prefers
over arrest.
"A father in jail is worse than
no father at all," is his philosophy^