' .....
R7":tt:
mm ummrn mmWm
D
A
"7J IGNORANT AND DEGRADED OF EVERY NATION OR CUME MUST HE E.YLIUHTENED, JlEFORE OUR EARTH CAN HAVE HONOR IN THE UNIVERSE."
'" 1 J -- ' '- 'i r"1 )' ' ' '' fi1 11 1 1 -' " "- z..-Z' l -irsr r-r: , , 1 j i. 1 , . . i i..i,.,T. -
GREENSBOROUGII, N. C. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1829
NUMBER 31.
a 11 E EX SB O R O U C2 II PAT illOT.
f3 rn .tc.l an.l published . very Saturday morning, In
WILLIAM SWALM,
Oo'.larsper annum, payabl within three month-
fr.nthc dire the first number,' or 'Hirer Dollars
ft v-':.) invariably ex.ir.ted after the expiration of that
r"'vi. - .
L iv i subscriber will he ft li!es-ty to discontinue at any tunc
v ; in the first three months, by paying for the numbers
i lc :ved, accurdin'R to the above terms ; but no paper, wi.l
be djseontinueil until all a-re:mges re paid, and a failure
t'i r ! ,era discontinuance will be considered a new ene
merit.
rivsc uho mav become responsible for Ten copies shall re
ceive the 11th r . An allowance t tin percent will
als 'ie made to authorized agents for pnx ur'mj: subscribers
and warranting their solvency orpemiting the rash.
A D V E K T I SF.M K'TS,
"Not exceeding 1'? lines, will be neatlv inserted three times for
One ciV.I r -and twentv-nve cevH fof each succeeding pub
licationthose of greater length In the same prpo'tion.
11 letiers and communications t the Editor, on hn!ness n '
lHtiet'tle paper, must be POST-PAID, ur tbwy will not be
atr nded to.
nctcrizc the act of sovereign Stalo?, set-king to ad
jjst, by the most unexr cptional!e means, important
md delecate siibjtrts of -.ontontion. The first Latc
nents of the parlies have been e'!iati;e(l, and the
inal replication, on our part, is in a cojrsa of prepa
ration. This subject lias received the attention de
nanded by its great nml peculiar importance (o a
.latrintic rnetnher of thi Confederacy. The exposi
tion of our rights, already made, is such, as, from
the liili reputation of the comnnssioners by whom
it has been prepared we had a right, to expect.
Our interests at the court of (he Sovereign who has
evinced his friendly disposition by assuming the del
icate arbitration, have been cotmnilted to a citizen
of the Stale of Maine, whose character, talents, and
lit imr.te acquaintance with the subject, eminently
quality hiiii for so lesponsjble a tru-t. With full con
fidence in the justice of our cause, and in the probi
ty, intelligence, and uncompromising independence
of the illustrious arbitrator, who can have nothing to
apprehend from the result.
From France, cur ancient idly. we. have a light to
expert that justice which becomes the Sovereign of
a potverfid, intelligent, and magnanimous people.
The beneficial ellects produced by the commercial
Cfviveiitio i id I 8-?., Iinvted a are its provisions, are
r I TED' STATUS.
It hr i J.,fr ti , fo'fi as iht of haven,
1-fury rod nvrUul' h r hotitt. und threw
I he tyrent divn, or drw wvmton hacc.
PHLlDLN'l MLSSAUK.
Gn the 8 mtt. ai 12 o'ri ck the Prtxidcut of the U.'
tjt ttes CCBtn.i.nu altd to both J leuses of Congitss Uic fol
U vs :ng met .w. j
It alloi ds no pleasure to tender my friendly greet
ings to ot the oceasioii of jour assembling at die
?cat o. Oovenui.e. I u enter upon the importa: t d i
tits to .vii:ch )ou liae net a called by liie nmt v(
ur co i.itr) men. The laik'detoivb on me, ui.uer a
proviso i of the Constitution, to present to you, as'
tin Fc.i'ial Legislature of twetdy-lour ivmre.gu;
biatff, 'i twtlve millions of happy people, a vn w
ofou auiiire", and to propose suck n;ensurt s us, in i
the .:" .... ro of my olliciai iunctions, fi.ve ,lgestd ;
cive as ii( ccssary to promote die tbjects ot
O.JI I ilOJ. j
In c.miuii. m. eating with you for the lint lime, il is'
to r. e, a source of uuleiued. satistac:ioi,, ailiuu for j
f iii f . : a I g rata hi 1 1 o 1 1 im! mwit m i -ks n- bt -it
hro iiiciice, ii..tt we are atpeace w;tu alt n:;muiud,
i .1 A - 1 tl2 i. I . I
a'.d mar out country exiir.nis uie most tl.ecnngt
evnieiice of geiitral welfare and progressive iui-1
prcineit. '1 urning our eye (o "other naiions, our
gr ,iv desire is to se(e our brethren of the h.iinan rut e !
secured in the bkssitgs enjintui ourel, u d:
advancing in knowledge, in liecuom and in 5o nl j
bappint". i
Our foreign relations, althouge it: (I ir gcieral!
cliaracter pacific and friendly, pre-cit snivels ofdif-;
fertnee between us arid other Fou cit- of deep inti r- i
eft, as well to the countiy at Irar-e as toman)
of our citizens. To efXect an adjustment of these
shall roi.tinue to be ti e object of my earnest endea
vours; and not withstanding the dilli u!lies f the
task, I do not allow myself to apprehend unfavorable
results. rles5ed as our country is with every thing
which constitutes national strength, she is fully ade
quate to the maintenance of all. her iideiisfn. in
discharging the responsible trust confided to t!ie
Execnthe in this respect, it is my settlud purpo-e
to asl nothing that is tint clearly right, and to submit
to nodnng that is wrong; and 1 Hatter myself, ilut
ifpp ."if d by the other bnd.ches of the fjo eminent,
and oy the intelligenre and piitriotipm of the pt opl?,
tve shall be al'le, under the protection ofi'iovi
dence to cause all our just rights to be respc cted.
Ofthe unsettled matters between tho United
States and other Fowers, 11k; most prominent are
those which have, for years, been the subject ofne
ot:utoo witli England, - France, and Spain. Hie
1 te periods at which ourMinisters to those Govern
ments left the United States, render it impossible,
at this early day to inform you of what ha9 been
"done; on the subject with which they have been re
spectfully charged. Relying upon the justice of our
views in relation to the points committed to negotia
tion, and the reciprocal good feeling w hich character
izes our intercourse with those nations, we have the
befrt reason to hope for a satisfactory adjustment of
existing differences.
With Great Britain, alike distinguished in peace
and war, we may look forward to years of peaceful,
honorable and elevated competition. Every thing
in the condition and history of the two nations, is
calculated to inspire sentiments of mutual respect,
and to carry conviction to the minds of belli that it
is their policy to preserve the most cordial re lations.
Such are my own views and ifiFwof to be doubled
that such are also the prevailing sentiments of our
constituents. Although neither time nor opportuni
ty has been afforded for a full developement ofthe
policy which the present, cabinet ofGreat Britain
designs to pursue towardsnhls country, I indulge tlx
Iiopetbatitwillbeofajust and pacific character,
and if this anticipation be realized, we may look wit h
c ti.deiice to a speedy arid acceptable adjustment
t our affairs. yj j
to.arbitration of the disputed points' of bounuW un
der the fifth article of the treaty of Ghent, the pro
ceedings have huherto been conducted in that epinr
of candour and liberality jwhitb, ouht ever ta.cW-
istiaiioii of her ( ioveruiiieiit. 'Should this .result in
luce ,i deposition " enibi :ce, in ihei'rd.il cv'ont, tlie
v holesotne principle; win. Ii coi -til utt- our counner
ci;d pohcT, onr Minister to that Crmrt will be found
instructed to rherMi sue'i a disposnnm, :nd to ;.id iii
Conducting it to useful practical eonelu-ions. The
claims of our citizens for depredations upon their,
property , long "ince ctnnmitied und- r the authority,
:nd ifi many i. stances, bv the e;uess diieeien in
the (lieu existing (i ernu e. t o! Frmce, remain uti
sati'lied ; and must therefore, conti uie to lurni-h a
ubje.ct )f UTtjde tsaet dlM li-n,!, and po sdde Collis
ion, between ti.e two -ovi-i ;.ii)c;-.. I cherish, how
ever, a In civ hone, founde'i a well on thevaiiditv
of llin-e chims, an I t'.e t stalei-lwd pliey of all Cii-
intern! v ot
r
we have a ribt to" demand from that Government,
in their . ha if, has not yet been conceded. From
the liberal footing, however; upon which the subjeci
has, with the approbation of the claimants, been
placed b) tho Government, together with the uni
formly just and friendly disposition which has been
evinced by his Danish M ijesly, there is a reasonable
ground to hope that this single subject of difference
will speedily be removed.
Our relations with the Barbary Powers continue,
as they have long been, ofthe most favorable charac
ter. The policy of keeping an adequate force in the
Mediterranean, as security for the" continuance of this
tranquility," will be persevered in, as wellas a fimi
larone for the protection of our commerce and fishe
ries in the Pacific.
The Southern Republics, of our own hemisphere,
have not yet realised all the advantages for which
they have been so long struggling. We trust, how
ever, that the day is not distant, when the restora
tion of peace and internal quiet, under permanent
systems of Government, securing the liberty, and
prompting the happiness ofthe citizens, will crown
with complete succes, their lotig and arduous efforts
in the eaineof se'f ;;.vt nimei.t, :i;u! rnable us to sal
ute them tiiendly rival, in all that is truly great
lliereov pnnl'irci m,
ha'i e Co;.' ttd 'i! fr u,:
cue
ei' iioii' -'u:
. i
I'nui tne
must
SilOII
it-
ou li.'
Uno'.Vii
OUS
ivs oi Hie
liubied Governua
the FreiiCll iri'marc'i, that tile i -i i
past, ill (md te ji i in tlie e j:.. v u tin fu.ure.
Our Y. ini-li y I. In en i.r-tlin Jed fo press tl.e-e it -nta
ltd" on the. French ( iov erutttetit , witn 1 1 tltee.n -
Iiesuiess w UH Jl 1- ( aiH hM n i , . . ; r; liip i;,c, ,la
ii TclutaMi
-iice, and n
a;
wi'l evn c
4)1 tiiOiU h'Ul.i
the repe I w iiich s due to t!.i .;c ii
whom the valisUcliuu js.j;e;;)ij,eJ. ,,
Our ,vli ,iu r recent I v pj.n!.!l. I bS
aitinirie! to i.s.-'si irr itiuovia- .)! alike inj ir;e
to bolli count ne-, i'her bv eonclodiiii; a ( onmien i ,
f'iiventioi! u; on b'HTaland reciprocal lete.is. V hv
ui iing the a- c j.la.ici , i.i their fill efe.it, o i i it- nm
tiiillv l oet! i ai in hi i-.. n. if our invention acts
policy,
reai ques
of ;ouili Aim ric;Mi cni.aiK ipiition. e have seen the'
fell spirit of civil-dissension rebuked, and, perhaps,
tiirever stilled in that republic, by the love of inde
pendence. If it be true, as appearances strongly in
dicate that the spirit of Independence is the master
spii it, and if a corresponding sentiment prevaiU in
tho other States, tlii ;K . 'ion tei'.i e.-ty cannot 1m
with. ;uf a proper e.fect epen the councils of the
moi l.ei cou.it rv . The. a do j! 'on, !v ain, of a pacif
ic po.i. y tnvvaiil- her funnel Colonies an event
con-oi ii'T n h'i".;inrt , fi'id a h'lciitg to the world,
in wliieh she hereif ';;nnot fai' niirl) io participate
may he nol rea"nnnb! expected.
Toe claim of our . uit n upon. the South Ameri
ejiri ( lovon.nienls, tjena'lv , me in a (rain of settle-
; wnt'e ( ie pi;neipa' ;-: it o! li use UJ'On lra
e in , ! atjliixJed, :u d i. ciee in Counci!,
ord i -.i.baiajj to be U by the Minister of the
Tie:.iii" lor dvir ,'U!oi,:,i, ha- received the sanction
ol hi ; iinpi r;a! M;i Tir. event, together with
liie txc.hji;e. oi At; i.;.nVal'oii 4't!ie Treaty nego
tiated i'iid en- i-iurh d in I! ?'
.n.'
zd
iernvuiatf
' C "v -s-'
p-Mii has been
vern it'
;o!M ('if its;;;
Mea-'iics f. e i, en
rt !at:o:is with Ft ; u u
iij'Oii -A 'l.t h llc- ha . ;
it 11:4(1'
aii.
'U:i:r.
m c our conimercial
rier fooiinr than that
I- '.l-ir.v it'u.
in
iiiuv-i: i ii steal; and, it met b
' ml
li e i ! Ji.ii Government,
to in ike n inr;!ier aji-
no poi ;;.:it
t- i. s.
beiiili;.- n av . -it ureal to both coun-
i !e has also bee.i i:istrueted
I .1 i"
real 10 tllvi justice ol i
f-tr indeniiii; lr spoiiatio..s upon -our commerce, ! 'our sister r. pn!;lu .-, .and i.:ure arti'cnlarly" in that
m
lelriii i.f onr ci.'ivciis. -eply iiAer( -t, 1 : we r:C i-; (he prosperity of
apnea
I which
. , 1 1 I A
cnininiueu unoer i r auitioruv- an
the pacine and imciuI ef;iii-" oiHervetl o;i o:ir part,
and a due coali h i.'-e-in the honor of that Govern
ment, authorize us to expect will not be made in
vain.
With other I'uropeiin Powers,
0U!
intercourse i- j
i a, niaced lv '
ot em- ie.Miif'df 'te neighbor, it w. i !,e tnst grat
ii ing to me, w-re I peflni'tt d to -av that the lieat
mei t which we have received, at her hands h.ia been
a univei:.ll .neiidu aS the early r.n l constant soli-
! citude manifested by the Cuitcd S,;tes for her suc-
gJlVC US a lht lO tXf.ec!
on the mo-i Inemlh l iotiiig. In
i ii , i . i
m i it 1 1 ii ei en lining, i:Mca-i,f po- iiia;nui, arrd ijreai
power, high i:i the rank o."ji;,lin a ihe I'nited Stat s
have alwhvs found a steadfast IVijn 1. Althou'h hei
recent invasion rf i
for those vviio wire
hit
to mtoi 'ii v o.i tint
a
Ful a becomes my
dici long indulged by
i t
m.cev awaucin . a Ii v "Mnna-
.poec
I to
tl.e
d'sn!;iji.n
I'd
i portion o. ilte mii.il' tants e' ,',v, against the
Envoy Extraordinary and M:..i.!i v Fienipoteiitiary
r.f the Cuit. d Mate, !;ave had an uan.rtunate iuilu
,aiCe upon t!u a:.iiiis of the two caiinti aes ; and have
hnunished that u-. fulness to I, is ( n v. inch was just
of war, we cannot but anticipate thiit the result will i lv to be expected from his taicnts and zeal. To
prove t.ivon'.!le lo tlie eaii-e ot civ ilizr.lion, and to i this cause, in a great decree, is to be imputed the
f uliire ot several measures e.
parties ; but particubirl
tin- progress d human happiness. T:.e tr ;ilv of
peace between (bee Powers having been ratified,
we cannot be ili-elis !''.e (olhe gtejit benefit t: be
derived to the couu.ien e of the. L'nib d Stan s, from
unlocking the navigation ofthe Black Sea a'free
pajsagc into whieii is secured to all merchant ves
sels' bound to ports of Russia under a tlag at peace
with the Porte. This advantage enjoyed .upon con
ditions,, by most of the Powers of Europe, lias hith
erto been withheld from us. During the past sum
mer an antect 'ent, but unsuccessful attempt to ob
tain it, was renewed under circumstances which
promised the most favorable results. Although these
results have fortunately been thus in part attained,
further facilities to the enjovnient of this new field
for the enterprise of our citizens aiO, in my opinion,
sufficiently desirable to ensure to them our most
zealous attention.
Our trade with Austria, although of secondarv
importance, has been gradually increasing, and i
now so extended, as to deserve the fostering care of
the Government. A negotiation, commenced and
nearly completed with that Power, by the late Ad
ministration, has been consumated by a treaty of am
ty, navigation, and commerce, which will be laid
before the Senate.
Diiriir' the recess of CoilL'ress. our din'lomafir
relations with Portugal have been resumed. '1 be
peculiar state of things in that country caused a sus
pension ofthe recognition ofthe Representative who
presented himself, until an 'opportunity was had To
obtain from our olliciai organ 'here 'information re
garding the actual, and as far as practicable, the pros
pcclive condition of the authority by which the rep
resentative novy in question was appointed This
T'sta'blishcd rule of our Government, in like cases, win
r;o longer w ft Id leld. .
Considerable advances have been' made, during
die present year, in the adjustment of claims ofouj
citizens upon lu mark for tpoiiations ; . but all that
n. ;. -(,.... K,1.
t!i;:f if :i ( Mexican
v ernmeut lora.ilv a treai h "Haled ;ind concluded
in its own cental ami under it own eve. Under
these circumstance, it appealed expedient to give
to Mr. Pomscll the option eith. r to return or not, as,
in his judgment, the interest of hi country might re
quire ; and instructions to that Cud were .prepared;
but before tncy could be despatched, a communi
cation was received from the Government of Mexi
co, through its Charge d'Affair- here, requesting the
recall of our Minister. This was promptly complied
with; and a representative of a rank corresponding
with that of the Mexican Diplomatic Agent -near
this Government was appointed. Our conduct to
wards that Republic Ji.is been uniformly ofthe most
friendly character, and, having t!iiis removed the
only alleged obstacle to harmonious intercourse, I
cannot but hope that an advantageous change will
occur in our affairs.
Iif justice to Mr. Poinsett, it is proper to say, that
my immediate compliance with the application for
his recall and 1 he appointment of a successor, are
not to be ascribed to any ev idehee that the imputa
tion of an improper interference by him, in the local
politics ot Mexico, was well founded; nor to a want
of confidence in his talents or integrity; and to add,
that the truth of thai charge lias never been affirmed.
by the hedyal Government of Aitxico, in its com
munications with this, ,
I consider it one of the most urgent of my duties
to bring to your attention tfie proprie ty of amending
that .part of our Constitution which relates to the
election of President and Vice President. Our sys-
tem of fovernmnt yys, h,y 'famirrv, ff f'"f a"
experiment; aii.t they, therefore, consistently pro
vided a mode' of remedying its defect?. J
To the people . belongs the right M electi'ng'their
Chief Magistrate : it was never dcsiiucd. 'hat tlfefr
Ull'dUesnould, ut any case, be ,dt;eated, it r by the
'oiitided, under certain conti ngencies to the House
of Representatives. 'Experience proves, that, in
, roportion as agents to execute the will of the peo
ple are multiplied, there is danger of their wishes be
ing frustrated. Some" mav be unfaithful : all are lia
ble to err. So far, therefore, as the People can, w ilh
convenience, speak, it is safer for them ' to express
their own will
The number of aspirant? to the presidency, and the
diversity ofthe interests which may influence their
claims, leave little reason to expect a choice in the
first instance ; and, in that event, the election must
devolve on the House of Representatives, where, it
is obv ions, the will of the People may not be always
ascertained, or, if ascertained, may not be regarded.
From the mode of voting by States the choice is to
be made, by Jwenty-four votes t and it may often oc
cur, that one of these mav be controlled by an indi
vidual Representative. lienors ard offices are at
the disposal of the successful candidate. Repeated
balloting may make it apparent that a single individ
ual lipids the cost in his hand. May he not be temp
led to name his reward? But even without cor
ruptionsupposing the probity of the representa
tive to be proof against the powerful motives by
which he may he as-ailed the will ofthe People is
still constantly liable tJ be misrepresented. One
my err from ignorance of the wishes, of rHs romtit-'
uents; another, from a conviction tl at it is his duty
to be governed by his own judgment ofthe fitness of
he candidates : finally, although all were inticxibly
bonest all accurately informed of the wishes ot tliejr
conslilueiits yet under the present mode of elec
tion, a minority rimy elect !he President; and wdien
this happens, it mav reasonably be expected that ef
forts will be made on the part of he majority, to rec
tify this injurious operation of their institutions.
Rut aithoiiih no evil of this charcter "should result
from such a perversion of tho first principle of our
system-m lie majority is tjt goiern- must be. very
certain that a Pies dent cted by a minority, can
not enjoy the confidence hctessary to the successful
discharge of his duties.
In this, as in all other matters of public concern,
policy requires that as fow impediments as possible
should exist to the free operation ofthe public will.
Eel lis, then', endeavor so to amend "our system 'that
the office of Chief Magistrate may not be conferred
upon any citizeji but in pursuance of a fair expres
sion of the will ofthe majority.
I would therefore recommend such an amctldment
of the Constitution as mav remove all intermediate:
agency in the election of President ami Vice Presi
dent. The mode may be so regulated as to preserve
to each Slate its present relative weight in the elec- .
don; and a failure in"' 'the first attempt mav be pro-'
vided fo-, by "confining the second to a choice be
tween the two highest candidates. In connexion
with such an amendment, it would seem advisable
to limit the service of the Chief Magistrate to a sin
nl term, of either four or six years. If, Irowever, it
should not be adopted, it is worthy of consideration
whether a provision disqualifying for office the R p
resentativc? in Congress on whom such an elec lion
mav have devolved, would not be proper.
While members of Congress can be constitution
ally appointed to offices of ! st and profit, it will be
the practice, even under the most conscientious .d -horenci'
to duty to select them for such stations as"
they are believed to be belter qualified to fill than
other citizens; but the purity of our Government
would doubtless be promoted by their exclusion from
all appointments in the gift of the President in whose
election they may have been officially concerned.
The nature of the judicial office, and the necessity of
securing in the Cabinet and in diplomatic stations of
the highest rank, the best talents and political experi
ence, should, perhaps, except these from lhccxc!u-
on.
There are perhaps few men'vvho can, for any great
length of time, enjoy office and power, without be
ing iiiore or less under the inffuence of feelings unfavorable-
to a JaiUiful discharge of their public duties.
Their integrity may be proof against improper con
siderations immediately addressed lo themselves, but
they are apt to acquire a habit of lojoking with indif
ference upon the public interests, and of tolerating
conduct from which ah unpract sed man would re
volt. Office is considered as a species of property ;
and Government, rather as a means of promoting in
dividual interests, than as an instrument created sole
ly for the service of the People. Corruption in some,
and, other, a perversion, of correct feelings and prin-
intervention of .electoral
I.
Collage.
ciples, divert Government from its legitimate ends,
and make it an engine lor the support of the few at
the expense of the many. The duties of all public
officers are, or, at least, admit of being made so sim
ple, that men of intelligence may readily qualify
themselves for their performance ; and I cannot but
believe that more is. lost by the long continuance of
men in office than is generally to be gained by their
experience. I submit, therefore, to your considera
tion, whether the efficiency of the ( ovtrmuei.t.
would not be promoted, and official indutry and in
tegnty better" Secured, by ai general extension ofthe
law which limits appointments to foiir years.
In a country where odices are created solely for
the benefit of the Peophyio one man has anymore
intrinsic mlit to official station than another. Ofii-
: ...V. ..... .
4.lwtmftt.,tJb'li::bt'd to give support to paiticu
larmen, at inc punnc expense. iuuiv i.ju.ii vvre-ng '
is therefore done by removal, since neither appoint
ment to pop continuance in office, is matter of. right..
The iiii'uinbent became an ojliccr-wtth a view to
public benefit ; ar.d, wbeh tho.-e require bis renuauL
i n
I
or bv fh.'-Wo;t.'tlv ur6 ut to by iuvi'.lied . to private. -iutrMTtS: