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"UfK ICXQRAXr AJVD DEC HADED OF EFERY XA1 lO.V OR CLIME MUST BE ENLIGHTENED, BEFORE OUR EARTH CAN HAfE HONOR IX THE UA'irERSJL"
VOLUMK 1.
GREEISfSBOROUGi'I, N. C. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31, 1830.
NUMBER 45.
run
GREENBB'.mOUI PATRIOT.
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WILLIAM SWAfM,
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COMMUNICATION.
it, can retard the progress of others i:i acquiring
knowledge of it, we admit the truth of the main as
sertion in the sentence j'i-t ipioted. Do yon mean,
hv this, to say that you never olfered to teach the
English Grammar i:i fifty days ? What then is your
iMMmVg when you say,,"uo are what we pretend
to be, teacher? of Knlish (Jiarnmar, in fifty days ?"
lVsihlv you intend totjuilible about the vonl perfec
tion. I'ut such an attempt cannot avail you much,
as it will be only a quibble. If you have never in
tentionally induced the h."linf, that you rould impart
an adequate knowledge of the English Grainmer in
'i'tv das, rior used any other mi-irrpn enltttioiis, but
have always staled fairly and open'v what you could
do, and what you eould not do, then we have not
made the most distant allusion to you in our rema rks:
aiid your furious repulse of charges never made,
"Resembles ocean into ternm-st tost.
To waft a feather, or, to drown a ily."
Whatever may become of your evasions and shufflings,
we are fortunate enough to possess abundant proof
of our assertion. We rationally infer, and therefore
believe.- that you are implicated. Othcrwiic, why
!.us "your situ jtion call loudly for defence?" More
over, yon have been employed, and at the price of
1 0 Ibr Uijy ,day , We ink-r lioin this that you must
f a y if I t mf&Qi&rfti!- I'u v. tor ou r gootj .citizens
hive seldom shown theuielvci liberal in the en
i '.oiira'rment of learniiu' Al'hih . thoutrh we have
But mill remember, if you m-in to fifrasc,
To hres vour hoint witi modern and easr."
- To ires your fiofat
For The Grbkhsborough Patriot.
A SPECULUM
For JOHN P. DUSiCAN AND DANIEL D. DUNC AN.
Messrs. Duncans: We have, without "astonish
ment or regret," read your hombastick production
under the head o( "English Grammar Jifty days
hok! You atVcct much pity and regret" on our
behalf. We would advise you to keep your tlnrs
for youreelvrf, your deluded pupils, and your de
frauded employers. We ask not your sympathy
we regard not your malevolence ; your friendship
we would not accept, even were it tendered without
.tfie ha recondition of "repentance' and '.friia
. . tion .... .. ..:...,.
Who friendship with a knave has made,
Is judg'd a partner it the trade."
If an "aflrwiee Providence, in bestowing many
- gifts in&lendktinsi ha& thoughi...i(pC..ta.wjUi-
Ji6H"trofitiia,'wed6wbt-'rtot but he has done it
-for.an-SaUwise,. purpose, purpose ..wiser than
that of making vain pretenders weep. Were we not
shielded by conscious rccliiude, we might feel that
we had once acted w iihoutjde.c discretion, that is,
nvben wefpusf-l ytu to tinitsv sntl placed ourselves
in the range of your missiles. Though your darts are
barbed and pointed with malign acrimony, dipped
in the venom of .-Liul r, and hurled with infuriated
violence and mortal aim ; wo can assure you, they
glance unheeded by, or fall
"Lite harmless thunders breaking atom feet."
Ve did not engage in this warfare without first
"counting the cost." We did not calculate to ex
pose an imposture without incurring the wrath and
unjust recrimination of the impostors. Therefore,
we do not shrink at your first brunt ; nor do we view
our situation in a light so mortifying as to be ready
to cry out in the tender pathos of the poet, "we own
your sentencejust.' Were ou our judges, we should
icarce expect a just sentence ; for, when interested
and maliciou accusers are the judges, justice is sel
dom done.
"vYe will", pay you, "at all limes, and on all occa
sions bow with respect to the mil of the people.
Such a bow as wc can make, is always at their ser
vice." Though ye arc, no doubt, a supple, obsequi
ous, cringing tribe, when it suits your turn so to be,
yet it may he justly questioned whether men, who
BtrivC i6 mislead the people's judgment have any real
respect for their will. It is scarcely necessary to in-
form jyo, who know so much about Mthc principles of
matter and tnougnr, trial me act oi judging precedes
volition ; and that men will discreetly or indiscreetly,
according to the correctness or incorrectness of the
information on which their judgment is formed.
Speaking of our assertion, that "men have been
traversing this section of country, offering to teach the
English Grammar to perfection, in lilty days," you
say, that this remark 13 false in relation to you. Ifj
our assertion did not apply to you, it had no relation j
whatever to you, until you claimed kin with it, for
we did not particularize you. Your caserne's to re
pel a charge, in which, if ye have not been guilty of
the thing alleged, ye were not implicated, gives a
' strong suspicion that yc are guilty. You go on, "it
-I manifestly contradictory to the universal sentiment
.of all enlightened 111011." "This remark," as you
call it, being a matter of fact, 'cannot he a matter of
sentiment, cither universal or particular, of the en
lightened or the unenlightened. "No person," you
av, "possessed of common intelligence,! would ailirm,
that a perfect knowledge of a science so complicate in
i"s parts, so Fuperficjally understood and so much de
graded by an unqualified barjristerJand ostentatious
. ichoohnastcr, could he obtained,in fifty days;. With
out being able to conceive, how the degradation of a
gcjif.'; by "an inqiivlitk'd biPaSter'and ostentatious
ota verv hinh oninion of vour abilities, either nat-
oral or acquired, yet we scarcely believe you to be
absolutely infituated, as t attempt the defence of
o contemptible a cause, in which you arc uoten
faiiL'Vd. Weirave intimation that an imposture was
;iliied on the publiek. You step forth and father
ii ; end yours it shall be.
You say, "we are extremely sorry, that wc cannot
obtain recommendations from so Icarmd and influen
tial characters as Messrs. Swaim and Reynolds."
Wc doubt not, but your sorrow is both extrtnic and
sincere. And we cannot repress a smile, when we
reflect what different sort of Swaim and Reynolds
we should be, in your estimation, had we not been
"accompanied bv the disdainful bigotry and unblush
ing perversity of" opinion," as you call our firmness,
which cotisf rained us not (o connive at your shahie
lesnpri fences Had we been temporizing enough to
have recommended the "short system," "without
knowing whv or caring wherefve," none would be
more "learned and i.'fl'n-ittiui"' than we. W e would
hot be the men who "make" Ad varos, Adjecttvte,"
No, no: in that case, if we hat called them adverbs,
adv?bS"tiy-'wiM-t-t4f
no less. .Spcakmg ol one of us, yen -ay, "who says
that the Preposition unto ahvars follows like." Wc
deny the verity of the statement an 'made by you;
yet, admitting it, we consider our ground as tenable
as yours, when you say that the preposition to or unto
is never understood after like. and more tenable than
yours, when you say the sentence, "' i like him,
is incorrect, because the pronoun after like is in the
objective case ; or when you say the pronoun me,
in the phrase, "give me. leave, " is governed by the
verb give. )
After qtiotins from our remarks, what you arc
pleased to call a "traheendantly moral sentence,"
you commence, "wc think" clc. a if the publiek, or
even ourselves, care what you ''think,'" so long as
your thoughts are not conclusion1, deducible from
facts or reason. To hear you pi ate about "Sorratical
virtue," with the insinuation annexed that yourvain
selves posses such virtue, would make a "Socratical
dog howl in derision. Speakiug of "tame and silent
submmission," you say, "it is not regarded by us,
and we hope by no other person;" that is, and we
hope it is not regarded by no other person.
Your invitation to meet you, for the purpose of
bemc shewn that our "knowledge 01 Urammar is
entirely superficial, and that ye are what y e pretend
fo be, teachers of the Grammar in fify days," we have
a strong inclination to except. Accordingly we
will meet you, at any place if niay appear mutually
convenient, at any time, when we shall be able to
procure the attendance of impartial men, possessed
of more grammatical knowledge than either party,
to act as umpires ; and a moderator, who may
insure us the opportunity of speaking and hearing in
our turn , when we shall b convinced that any
good can result from our convention with men
whose predominant characteristic! are intrusive im
pudence, obstreperous garrulity and flatulent self-con-cietf
men who have not the humility to discover, nor
modesty to ow n, that they are not infallible, nor the
magna. limity to admit the possibility that others may
be right; who submit to no authority, ridicule and dis
parage tlutl most highly approved, and set their own
conceited opinions above all : when these things
shall happen together, we will meet you unreluct-
antly, both to be shown, (it it can be shown,) "that
our knowledge of grammar is entirely superficial,
and that you arc what y ou pretend to be," &c. And
further, should any set of parents, within "any rea
sonable distance, be weiik enough hereafter to em
ploy you, influenced by your persuasions that you
can make their children grammarians in fiAy days ;
if, at the expiration of the term, they will call upon
us to examine, the class, we will "'then and there,"
show you that you are what. we esteem you, impos
tors.. ' ". ' . ' ;(
You seem much elated with the itJea that you al-
togethejr. exculpate yourselves from the charge of
1 Mpot lie, bv promulgating the terms on which you
to know that the universal impressoi) of Both employ
ers and scholars is, (to use their own language,) that a
perfect know ledge of grammar is to be imparted, in
fifty days; or in other words, that the scholars are to
be made complete grammarians, in that time. We are
well fortified with testimony of this fact. Now, there
is no rational way by which to account for this im
pression except that of supposing it derived from
your misrepresentation and flatteries. Moreover, in
s'-port of this supposition; we have the testimony
01 .'heir own words. No doubt, you calculate it
will be difficult to account for the fact, that you gen
erally obtain your pay, withut admitting that you give
general "satisfaction." Hut, having seen the busi
ngs managed once, we can easily see how it is pos
sible for you to give satisfaction without rendering
value. When your school is.made, your imposture
is only beioin ; as your school advances, and your
pupils begin to have a smattering knowledge of many
things, you applaud and magnify their pi ogress to
iheir parents ; and inflate their own va'ii'v. They
pen eive they have obtained some knovvleue, and
believe it to be all.
"While from the hcunded level of their mind,
S'loit vieus they lal.e, nor see the lengths behind.
t h' cterP'd-sTWr,- atinear'-tfrcaiV Tast,'
' Aml'thfi
mine interim, no opportunity i-omitted bv you lor
decrying
or for striving to infuse the highest contempt for all :
knowledge of this sort, acquired in the old way.
.When the time has elapse, I, he scholars are exam-;
ined, often, no doubt, by ine.it very incapable of do
ing it thoroughly. These rie-n afier a s-hort exuiii-,
cation, perhaps by von alone., pronounce them gram
marians, This accords with their own belief ; and'
their parents who arc no judges, (for no man who
understands the science himself will be thus daped,)
express their satisfaction, and handover the "fee."
"You'langh, in y our heart, at the success of your ar
tifice, despise your unfortunate dupes, take courage
and try again.
But, on the other hand, if those engaged as exam
iners are adenuate to the task, and have the firmness.
. 1-., ...1 r 1 ' f 1 I
or, as you nave cancatureu it, nave 'i.ne uisaainiui
bigotry; iind unblushing perversity of opinion," to'
pcrfuriu the duty assigned them with uncompromir
sing integrity, the affair becomes serious, and a noisy
scene ensues. Yon, seeing your cralt in danger ot
being set at nought, like Demetrius the .silversmith,
raise an uproar, and crv. "for about the space of two
hours," Great is the iray hy.CurtatiothJp&teint,
much vntn bnhhtitig and confndiCtrOUI'rocifer
ation, to impose tin belief 011 the bystanders, that the
examiners are ignorant and prejudiced. You back
the scholars in erronr, ami strive to harden them to
obstinacy in the belief that thev are grammarians,
and that the examiners are ignorant and partial. Fi
nally, when a regard to truth and srood faith, compels
the examiners to perform the delicate task of pro
nouncing the class inadequate grammarians, a dec
laration so unflattering to their vanity, mortifies their
feelings, and they are easily persuaded that injustice
has been done them. The parents, in this case, be
lieving their children have derived benefit, at the
same time that they say, they are under no absolute
necesity of paying, conclude to pav you, or, at least,
compound with you, for the sake of peace.
Hefore we leave you to your silent meditation", wc
wish you to take a glance at your production en
masse. Men who speak so contemptuously of the a
bilities and acquirements of others, who prate so
pompously and pedantically, (please loan us the use
of the word a moment,) about "a knowledge of the
English Grammar as connected with the principles
of matter and thought," miht be expected to be
masters of composition. But, alas! instead ofthe
flowers of rhetorick, Ave gather the henbane, detrac
tion. In search of the brilliant flashes of wit, and
the lively strokes of genius, we find nothing but
fulsome rant, and the Ebullitions of malignity. Instead
of logical reasoning, and demonstrative conclusions,
we are put off with dogmatical assertions, unsupport
ed and incapable of beingsupported by facts. In stead
of coming out openly and manfully in your defence,
("for your situation calls loudly for defence,") you
crouch down between contradictions,, and hide your
faces behind ambiguities, that you may, if possible,
avoid being eye-witnesses of publiek scorn. Can
you not see, what is so evident to every one else,
that your grammatical acquirements, of which you
make so vainglorious a parade, arc of no practical
avail ; that they are as useless furniture to your
minds, as we should suppose them to be to your
"storehouses," the "prisons ?" 'Tis almost unmer
ciful to exhibit to you the deformity of your offspring;
for it is no doubt, a child of self-love, which it has
cost you many a thoughtful Any and sleepless night
to torture from your sterile crania. You have ran
sacked all Billingsgate for opprobrious appellations
and epithets, with yhich to calumniate men,
pleasure with duty ; and it is equally our pleasure
to show you the awkwardness and fitilitv of your
attempts at exculpation, ai I our duty to ex:,ose
BENJAMIN SWUM.
WM. KEVNOf,').
AN ADDRESS
7 0 the people, of Xorth-C t rolim, on the tvds of slave
ry. By the fnca'h of liberty and equality.
(Continued from Ko. 42.)
In the Constitution --'-of Delaware, though a
slave-holding State, they are fully set forth thus:
"Throu-th divine goodness ALL men have bi nature the
rights of worshipping :u,jj serving their Crertor accor
ding to the dirties of their own consciences ; if en
joying and defending I i ft. liberty; of acquiring and
protecting ml ition and property ; and in g?nertli of ;.
attaining objects sutHblc to thfirsi'niiithyt-Uiout '
iwirnv or ovk to avotuf.r." And""aDeclantion
ofthe rights of the citizens of North-Carolina, which,
by the 41, $rcti'i of our Co ri runov, is declared,
to he a part of the Constitution of this State, ay?Vi '
Section ID: "That At.L menVivc a natural and unlf ' .
alienable richt t worship Almighty God, acordig
to the dictate': uf t;iim?. owv eosriErr.;.'V Wbih
olhrr parts of 'he ab,ov.u .mentioned ' Declaration of' '
lyitoya..w4JI a-r-sotne ii.t4it!aji$.-.rif -.tljiHCtcn r? -Urn
era! .fcspnfb, VuS to . thoT in a very high degree, ."
the conflicting inihieiee -of humanity "and prejudice " -m
the Couucil jua..Cc..ki;;A . .'The -3-1 f iiiclivn. of
our Declaration of AVg.', w Inch, as we have shown
above, is a part of our C. r )'! ili-m, savs that, "No
heredil
eniolu
me
"The very head and front of whose (.Tending,
Hath this extent,"
they gave public intimation that a fraud was going
on; of which fraud you have gratuitously acknowl
edged yourselves tlie authors. However, in conclu
sion, we bid you he of good courage, and inflict on
the publiek another series of assertions and ambigu
ities; fdV, though "sincere endeavors are never hope
less," yet (hat "merit," of which nobody is conscious
but jibe "ppsitssors , may ,i48iu:i,e?iSlju.Uji:. .decjojLl
Mo ir c 'Tr;Xvo ?' IFif a.Ti ildT ' o"f jp o-t vv;Tii Ii fi " 0 iSi rx es
1 1 .
privilege, or Honors ougiit
to be granted or conferred in this Slate," And by
a pari) v of reao'iing it may and on dit to be sail,
that "No c.iioln,if iits or pri-digs," the right f en
joy which, being ve-ted hi the individual orindivid.
uals possessing litem, bv the law of nature,' "ougiit to
he taken away hi any cake, either in this or any oth
er Slate in a hereditary manner." But are not both
these rules violated in this Slate' The sou or
daughter, in this State, falls hir to all, or a pfpor
tionahle part of the "rVr sitrds" belonging to ho
estate of his or- her Father; and that too I without
any bequest or other instrument of conveyance, ex?
cept the mere provision contained in the Law of the
state." And this principle of' descent is heredil:iry
principle. Now if the. .circu-iisiance. ..of. one mail,
holding another in absolute slavery, and of enjoying
all the benefits of his sweat and toil, are "emolu
ments and privileges," then it must be granted that
the"AereJ-i7frr emoluments and pricu'egrs" conferred
in this state are many, very many, notwithstanding
4he --constitution of --the-sfaie to the--contrary; And
our "common ;no," which is a primary ingredient in
the. "law of the laud," mentioned 'in Section 12, of
our declaration of rights, is said to be founded on
"reason and the divine law," and is held to ac
quiesce in them -in every-instance,- any former usagQ
or decision to the contrary notwithstanding
The common law of this state, must .therefore ac
quiesce in the provisions set forth in the law of na
ture, in all cacs, w hen the "law of the land" is not
rendered otherwise by some statute or special act
passed either by the General Assembly of $orth
Carolina, or by Congress; and that too, according
to the Constitution of our State, or of the United
States, as the case may be, since the law of nature is
evidently a divine law, and as such, must be suppo
sed to harmonize with all other laws of divine
origine; as it would he absurd to suppose
two divine principles, opposed the one to the
oth'ir. The law of nature, the law of reason, and
consequently the common law of tins Stale, (as wo
have shown,) all declare liberty to he the "birth
right" of every human being. Now it is a well
known, and universally acknowledged point in law
that every man standi acquitted until the contrary
appears in good and lawful evid nee ; or in other
words, that the Law presumes every man to be in
nocent, or clear from any alleged charge, &c. until
the same be proved by good and lawful testimony,
Let us then briefly examine our slave system with
respect to this particular. There is. one man claim
ing to hold another as his slaver.wUiHf (ann, the al
leged slave is not disposed to adrn.it,;juw;&jii thf$
trial for liberty, on whom should, ; the weight f
evidence rest? Wc answer according to the,
above principle, it should always rest on the claim
ant. This opinion is fully corroborated by the sen
timents of the honorable George Wythe, one of the
signers ofthe Declaration of American Independence,
and since chancellor in Virginia ; who bid down
as a general position "That whenever one ptrt6n
rlaims to hold another in slavery, the oxis l Ron.vxri
(burthen of evidence) ''lies on the claimant. 'J' hi
sentiment, he continues, "is strongly inculcated m
our political catechism, the bill of rights, and ac
cords with that self-evident principle which mnkes
liberty the birth-right of every human being'' S n
tinients like tht'S'e are honorable foey are the nativo
sentiments of an uncorruptc I undcrxtandingpnd a
mind superoir to avroiee and selfishness, Le. From
the view we have taken of the subject, it follovrq
that in the supposed trial for liberty referred to. the
alleged slave has only to plead, (not to. prove,) that
he is a human being, born free according to the
invariable law of nature; amd that he had not, at any
time, either forfeited or relinquished his title thereto.
Now it devolves on the person claiming to prove
that the alleged slave is .not .a humin Iting ; that
the law of nature does not entitle every human -tiarg
to Idrfrty, and that the allcyal slave, k 01 of those
tunate creatures for whom it nns matle no gra-
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