lr'Q--; ' I ; Rsiite0i- lf tit i i. E. HANKER & C. N. B. IWANS proprietors asd publishers. IWO DOLLARS avi zn'vc, oii n to GIVE TO AIRY NOTHING A LOCAL HABITATION AND A NAME. THREE DOLLARS AFTER THREE MONTHS. YOL-l; OREEXSIiOBOGII,N.C. WEpkESDAY,JU3iK 15, 1830. NO-ll S1 t k r n s : The Patriot is published weekly, at two dol lars per annum, only, it paid within three months ; if cot paid in that time three dol lars. ' .' subscriber will be received for a shorter period than six months ; and order fur the paper must be accompanied with the cash when beyond the State. , A failure to order a discontinuance within the year, will be considered a now engagement; and no paper will be discontinued until all arrearages arc paid. jdvertiscmenti, not exceeding eighteen lines of printed matter, will be neiitiy inserted threc lima for one dollar; and twenty five cents for each succeeding publication those of greater feni in the sa.ne proportion. a P ' SELECT. HUSBANDRY L DUX CORK, Made without tillage aft'.Y planting. To the Editor of the Farmer's Register. By experiments, I have arrived at some conclusions in regard to the culture of f n uiau cortf, which I think are of impor tance; to planters in the Southern States. I communicate them for the use of the public with great hesitation, because they are directly at variance with the received opinions on the subject The early part ol my lite was spent in advisable to extend the operation, the while, by the old mode, every hour's work is an injury to the land, by this mode every hour's work is making the land bet ter ; for few things can be better manure than the coating of leaves put on in the bummer, when ploughed in the winter or spring following. I used leaves raked up in the forest, because of these there is an ample supply Withai the reach of almost every person ; and because there seem?, from my obser vation, to be a strong antipathy between dead and decaying forestleaves, and crab grass, that most barrassmg foe of agricul turists. I make this communication, as I have already Raid, with hesitation, because the idea of -raising corn without ploughing and hoeing, and at the same time impro ving the land, protecting it against the in fluence of a scorching sun and washinu rains, i so directly in the teeth of the universal practice for ages. The thing is, however, at least, worthy of further trial. It may lead to most important results. Those who think the plan worth any at tention, may easily make an experiment with an acre or two, and note carefully its progress through the summer. If they are satisfied, aker the tnah, that there is any thing in it, to. extend the operation will hot be a difficult huiter. If, on experiment, it should be found TROM THE SATUKDAY COURIER. ' TEXAS. . This interesting country at the present moment' attracts so much attention, and so many inquiries, that we are assured we shall render an acceptable service to the public in presenting the following inform ation derived from a source of accurate personal knowledge. Under the Spanish dominion, Texas was a separate prov ince occupied by three military posts, Jj Bahai, St. Antonio.de Bexar and Nacogdoches; and sejtle menta of Mexicans were around each which grew into a considerable town at Bexar of about 3000, and at Nacog doches and Li Bahai mt 'villages of a bout 500 and 300 inhabitants! This num ber has not increased, and forms at pres ent nearly the amount of the Mexican and Sjani.'h population in Texas; an addition of 1,000 would include the whole. The country at large in all its beauty thousand acres, producing a luxuriant her- shores were full forty miles apart, and no bageatall seasons, but have a large pro- ice was in sight large enough for him to portion of woodland without undergrowth have rested on. The best time for at affording fine pasturage and presenting the tacking him is wheu he is in the water: aspect of fine lawns and parkes, prepar- 0,1 or he has 80 manr advantages ed . with the taste and labor of high cukir ,hut Uie ggnor is always in. danger, tion. F.vcn in the water he has frequently pro- . On some of the rivers, tho Brassoa for Ved a formidable antagonist has boarded instance, are dense forests, but they are ai,d takcn Pos3C33io11 of a 8013,1 bolf.or- v- 'i never found on the highlands. cino ,ne occupants to seek safety by leap- The mildness of theciimate is such that inS overboard. Instances are related in ' no provision is made for horses, cattle, which this animal ha climbed up the strck nor for any hogs on a farm: nature V !,de3 of 8tna 1 7e9el8' and bc,n Wlh dlf' ' ample store is sufficient thro 'out the year "culty repelled from the deck. Gener--and at all seasons they fatten on the na- lhLe P0,ar b rttreats from man i-; tural pastures of course they multiply bjlt when Pu"ued and attackedJhe a1' rapidly; and Texas may be called the par- 3 ""V a&reii' and tUrn9f " J,w..r..: i, ..fa.: !..:..llJJ funoujly on his enemy When struck at tuioo km i ii i itflrt is til nif ii urir ir nriif r With a lance, he is very apt to iieze and bite the staff in two, or wrest it from the mot scorning the aid of cu tivation. From ... .... ".: iur. ji.i,,t'- iK., r.,i, - i . r-rt without taking effect in the head or heart, the Uulph to an average distance of70. . . 6 . . . Un -i . ,, i r lL his rage u increased and he seeks re- That splendid plant, the Indian corn, grows throughout in perfect majesty, al It has beeo rr,;fQ m 1.. 1. ,1 f k M'S rbt' Z ' i 1:., 1 J" i-.; venOT with augmented fury. V ?i """.H"'"." remarked that, when wounded and able fude 30 degrees the furface becomes un- , 1,-1.:, ' l t; I and fertility was left unoccupied except j.thilating, and wheat, ryft. and oats can be lfje g8 ri we & cold would A great majority of the fatal accidents I ... . - - - .r f0 lowina em-'asements with the noiar AniMclliceiitlra-lyeiris largely w.ttia staple un.tonnly . h - ?- . (rnm itnnrii,Jv .- agricultural pursuits and hence, if there were no other reason, 1 leel a deep inter est injvery thing relating to agriculture. I noticed, very early, the great difficulty in transplanting successfully the young coruplauis. Whence comes this, but from 1 breaking the roots in taking the plants up? . How it it then, that intelligent far mers affirm the doctrine that one chief object in ploughing corn, is to cut its roots? If. breaking the roots of young corn in transplanting it, is really fatal to its future growth, must not breaking its roots with the plough, when it is older aod the season hotter, be a serious injury 10 it ? Any other conclusion seems to me to be at variance with the general economy of nature. It seems to me there can be, in truth, but two reasons for ploughing or hoeing corn 1st, to destroy grass and weeds ; and 2nd, to keep the . wiLJoose, that the roots may penetratp easily, in search of their proper food. But in accomplishing these two purposes, great injury must be done to the corn, by breaking its roots. Can we not accom plish both these ends, and at the aame time keep clear of the attendant mischief ? I think we can. Last spring, I planted a small piece of poor ground tirst breaking it up well. The rows were made three feet apart, end the stalks left about a foot apart in the drill. The ground had been very foul last year with crab grasK, whose seeds matured. The corn was not well ut this spring before the grass began to appear. When the corn hid about four or five blades, the young grass complete ly covered the ground, and the corn was turning yellow. 1 spread a small quanti ty ol stable manure around the corn, and covered ihe whole ground threa or lour .,ltt(Jhes Ueep ,mlh Uhvcs troo vhe loes-lH -uking csre to 4o this when- 1 tie ground was v.et,- and the leaves aUo, that they ri.mht not -be bio vn a way, and leave the top-, of 'tie young coin uncovered. In fwi days there was not a particle ot living t;rHbg to be found, and the corn had put ""'On that deep blui-h green which always betoktus a healthlul condition of the pLnt. From the day the corn was planted until alur the fo'dde'r way pulkd and the tijs cut, nothirg nioie was done with 11, aiid the result is a product ot fvrti ttco iJM.tl? q the acre atout one third of t!it bialks htrn.- 1 tic ltd in the course of the summer, 'It U.llovMlig laCls : l?t. The torn tieattd thus, was al ahead of some planted alongside ot 'i.ai.d ircatt'-d in l he usual wav. -V It npt ntvj at least ten days sooner 'Liu othvr corn, plained at the eanie time. 3J. During the hottest :md cryttt ii? the blade never tvvuted up, as d4d ''litr corn in the neighborhood. 4th. In Hit- dry t. t wealfu r on remo 'ifj; the leaves the ground was lound to moist to the su rlace, and looe, a deep it had been at brst broken-op. 3lh. The heaviest rams tiad scarcely herd, replied, one million. meanin" lit proper way would be, I think, to collect ; erally wh it he sard, but it may be ro the leaves in wintcr,and deposite them in heaps on the ground on which they are to be used, and the next spring during a wet 6eason, after the corn is up, spread (hem, taking care to leave the tops of the young corn uncovered. There is one very important result that must follow the success bf this plan on a lare scale and it was with au eye chief ly to the result, that my experiment was undertaken The constant excuse for not improving our land, is that where cot ton is grown, the time necessary tirst to cultivate the growing crop properly next to gather it and then to prepare for a new crop, leaves no time to collect ma- nuic. My plan will put an end to that exc.i-e at once ; for wherever leaves are to be. had, half the time usually bestowed on working the corn crop in the usual way, spent in gathering leaves and pat ting them on the ground, instead of ploughing it, viuj in short time accom plish every thing that can be desired in tho way of manuring. Why may not the same process an swer in the cultivation of cotton ? Ii it keeps the ground soft and moist, and prevents the growth of grass and weeds in a corn crop, it will surely have the same effect with cotton and be the means, further, of preserving the cotton, when the bolls open, horn all the injury it sustains from tho soil in wet seasons. This is, however, but speculation. Let it be tested by actual experiment. JAMFS CAMACK. Athens, da. Oct. 10 1836. by the wild horse, (he deer and the btif- i ''"d and one degree turther north pro- check (he flow of bQoJ fa o: and a ot which, amidst uxuraiit na- uuck aDunaant i.arvesis. motion is cuiuv- manl nmrt.rpa. havp mnliinli. d to an ime- , ted from the Gulf to the Red River and ... ..... J...V tnt almost incredible. An intelligent tra . . . . . - . 1 r..i..i. :.. 1 . . 1- 1 "a der among tt,e Indians in trie interior re-;". - "- 7" tackin-the animal on the ice. ScMesby, gions of that country, upon being atkcd ; menew 01 siapie, approatnesine 00a 1, ja hjg HlereHllhg narrative of a age 'to how many butlalo he had seen in one ; land -Cotton. 1 ' Greenland, relates an instance ot this POLITICAL CQXTRbl'ERSY, It k,ljd- A ltiVt 'e when one of is very common to near men 6peak ll,t-Ad" 0 OUU11 w,,d,c,a was t,U3C,7 u A: "tricted to a declaration that they not be counted numerous a roves the country in greguious masses with all the pride & majesty of his Arabian an cestors. The progress of population has not diminished the numbers ofeither but only limited their range. Texas wa but httl known to our countrymen until seen by the gallant bands who entered in aid of the patriotic cause, at different.periods of the Mexican strug gle for independence. rhey saw a country equal to r ranee in extent, intersected with numerous riv ers running hundreds of miles in the inte ttrior, producing in its various climate and soil all the commercial staples of the whole American continent. They brought home this knowledge and gave an account of its beauty fertility and salubrity, a-nd many were tempted to seek an abode there in spite of the pro hibiiion of the then existing laws. Fore- i i -T-.H- 1, COUiU i r . I. l a,a l t""i c'f nmiinir Jhi irr nf thA a.-nfh lvaof ' t I ill llfl IIN'UI i'lllll i'hl '.J U 'J ITTPUI WI1 1 1 1 I tJNiv l llvn s w . vaau WW u M -alai W 1 ,ted The deer are still more . bci condct(id lhey afe far from on the coast of Labrador bear that had nd that noble animal, the horse, ( 0n (he cou( by tliciting avest, been tor some time seen near ths ship, at - nation, by presenting justice -BndtnilhiBHegth--bcaine-flO-'-old'-a$ to approach a- ftirer light, and e'iviu to the people jus longside, probably templed byrtb offal of . ter views of Government, they exert a the provision thcQWu; overboard by. tho J h iealthful influence on the Slate. The .-'cook.1 At this time the people were all at great Legislator of At hew. made it a cap. dinner, ni .pjupieqijired tpiceep . the deck in ther then immoveable rondi. . urn uuckviC aiy viu&rn iu iciiihim iau- . i tral wheBTJarties ran high in the Repuh- tion of the ship.terdyrfellciho4 , lie. Reasonable controversy is always hrst.lookeoVouj, and perceiving the bear J useful, we feel a more perfect security in near.: imprudently jumped upon the ' the wise administration of wfTurs, when ace, awned onlywith ajiandspike, with v if respectable Mnrity'stands by, with Argua a Vew, it is supposed, of gaining all the ,1 eyes, to detect the ilightest error or to ex-.1011 xPl0 of ecarmg so, fierce , fl pose the least defect; ICaUigi Uteithr. -vmwivj wiuwiu u uicyoear "c-t , ".m " , 1 " pardles of such , weapons,-nd sharpened ' M niamoMut-Dittmmdihe champ - probably tjr-fciioger-tfSa-rTiw antag, ft ion hero in politics, Jv Q: Adams, seem onnt. andwt2mg;himy.tbe';bjck,ith k 1 tobCrithernp S. WJi'? P.0.! h A Good Soi, according to Bergman, contains four parts of clay, three of sand, two of calcareous earth, and one of mas- ne'ftfirrand ''X1" vegetable, matter, In 400graini of good soil, Flou roy found 52 of water sand 240, vege table fibre 5, vegetable extract 3, clay 46, magnesia 2, oxide of iron 14, calcareous earth 30 ; lo3s 6. Loudon, p. 200. The ability, in the farmer, to analyse his soils, would not only serve to discover their de- fe.cts, but would enable bim often 'to cor reel them, at little cost them, with more certainty which they ate most suitably adapted Timber. The best umber is that which : - j v. . r : .. j if each of I seasout uuiuit: ii ia euiuo.Tii. 11 a tree be narked ttie year oeiore it is cut down, the sap is expelled, and the albur nuui is converted into wood iu the course of the year. Enc. of Gard. p. 17-1. Compari.ov ok orxED. 4 French sciein.tk journal states that the ordinary rate is, per seci'nd: Of a man walking, 4 ft. Of m gaud lior-e ru harness, 12 O. a ri-indeer hi a sledge, on the ice, 26 Ot an Fetish race borsc, Ot a hare, ' Oi a good railing ship, Ol ihe wind, Ot. sound, , O-l -a 24 pounder- eannon 4iaU, f 7 ttfct in wosbiue aw?v the soil or tLdLi.o it " ( thr ir which so divided 1 It Certainlv will rcouire less labor to psace, ?rauce corn in this way than in the ti-w - &ti- . il.mode. And even if it required morO He that by the plough would thrive, 5 haVe the ' con's ola"tio.n to know, that J JVIust himeclf cither hold or driye. most in this enterprise was M"!ses Austin who about twelve years since, obtained from the commandant at Bexar permission to introduce se'tlers and repaired to the United States to procure them but dying on the rouh-, left his son Col. Stephen F. Austin, the fulfilment ot his undertaking. On this gentleman's arrival at Bexar he ound the commandent indisposed to com ply with his engagements, and the revo lution being accomplished, and a new or der ot things established, he determined to precced to ihe city of Mexico, and there renew the proposal of introducing settlers into Texas. The result was the passage of a general colonization law, authorizing particular districts of country to be assign ed to contractois who would Undertake to popalateth tne loupoation ot a system, wnicn was more liberat ahd extended by that of the state ot Goahmla wd Texas, under which were made the. giants which have been made the subjects of so much enterprise. Austin was the first to begin colonizing, and laid the foundation of the extensive settlements now existing in Texas. But t, and to apply to others soon followed, and Zavala, Burnet ainty, the crops to j aj,d Vehlein were equally successful' in lutn appiie.uiuiis lor lauus. j uey seieoi ed the district of country immediately on the boundary line of ihe United Slates, lying between the Sabine to the east, and the St. Jacinto and Novoste to the westt and the Gulf of Mexico on the south, run ning north about 300 miles. Austin's settlement is contiguous, and lies on the western line of Vhlein and Burnet, and embraces the rivers Brassos and Colorado. Grants have been made to others in different sections of the coun try, more remote from our borders, and all of good land. But the settlements from theSibine to the Colorado being contin ued and nearer to. us, and can be discribed i with more certainty. it xas in general is a praine country, having alt the streams skirted with timber This is morearticularly hi9 character af ter passing the Trinity , and as y ou advance ' towards The northwest, the prairies are of returns into , vast t xtent. riut in trie grants of Zayala, -1,300 j jurnet, and Vehlein, there is less of prai ! i r ii i i'i . i ic miu iiiui r oi vvuuu-ianu. 1 ney BOOUnu in beautiful and natural meadows of di mensions trom.one. to f ye hundred and-a to-biwinjriteftUx.!etc4 by. hiJi? P.lBH! h neWcombanlons in politic who take'lhe 6UC" celerity, that;on his" dismayed com- .S tibertyfwVaiiottinjvtp6ilfctruth at this de namg: ifom ltroaaeal a consistent gentleman,? 1 rr Adams and the abroad, he was so far beyond theif reach : i Editorofthe Globeihat pink of decency, as to defy thttr pursuit, r! A circamstance $ have lately come in collision.- Mr. Adami communicated to roe by captain Monroe, ' i recently said in debate thavihe Edior ' of olhe Neptuuepf rather a humorpas na J If tne uioue vnz j'arj ambassador, sent a uuvui an equai- abroad to lie for .hUcoontrv Td tvhicli imprudent attack maderi a bear, in the;?Globe rephe; This'is an honor, t4he Greenlaod fishery ot 182i), bjr.Va sea- ' ' which we never numi r A.mhn rrJaii employed in one of thb Hull whalers.' - j AvntnA h llfo frt . j'l ;n".trhe'tiiDrwas''m6oredlAnnipr! nn .' is Celebrated for his skilMn it: brw"ic whether it has redouned to the benfit of Drwas ?be47 Prow!,n fout tor his country, we leavp the country to de- Vxcf9 the shp cuipany, em- v cide.' Western Carolinian.- . holdened by an-arttfictal ourage, derived -. . : from the free use oi rum, which m his e- T11E I'OLAR BEAR. conomy he had stored for special occa- In the desolate regions of the norlh, sions, undertook to pursue and attack the where unrelenting winter reigns in full bear that was within view. Armed only appendage of horrors during the greatest with a whale lance, and atiainsi all Der-' partot the year, even the stormy ocean suasion, he set out on his anvfntiirmi. p. i itself is long imprisoned by "thick ribbctf -plost. A fatiguing .journey of about half uiai .ucdt wiuj mis ui cuu;c- a ieaef over a vie dins surlaep of nmv nial. abode. There, prowling over the (and rugged harnmockivbrought hiai with frozen wastes, he satiates his hanger on Tin a few;- 'rdi.MJiakvwhieh the carcases bf whales '''defertH"by;fhe'1iia surprise, undauntedly" faced him and . adventurous fishermen, or seizes on such seemed to invitehim to the comhai-fiis- maritie animals as come up to bask in o-; courage being by tnii time tfrcatlv sub 41 83 19 tl 1,033 1,300 r i . 1" oen air , and when ocraioon raid. Iir fear- 'iuH, narilu i... - 4.., fi , - , . 7 ri "J ? tiAliuidUUil ui iiiH fiiirn- -r , m ulus, and partly by the .undismayed and t.'S even threatening aspect of the bear, he1 1 3 icveieu ma lance m an : attitude suited either for offensive or defensive action. and stopped.. The bear also stood still; in vaiu the adventurer iriH tn lessly plunges into the sea in pursuit of his prey, as if the deep were his native and familiar element. To most other animals extreme cold is distressing and injurious, to him it ia welcome and de lightful : to him the glisten ice bank or snow wreathed shore, canopied by lower-.courageJo make the attack ; his enemy mgand tempestuous clouds, are far moreiwa. too formidable, and his appearance inviting and agreeable, than verdant hills j too imposing. In vain also he shouted, and sunny skies. Being endowed with j advanced his lance, aod made'teinls of extremely acute senses, great strength, i attack ; the enemy, either n t understand- anu a savageiy icrocious aisposition wnn al, it is not surprising that this animal is dreaded as the most formidable quadru ped of the region he inhabits. Notwith- 1 II ,'T"n v. . . I . . . :.-t. u.ig or aespismg euctj unmanliness, obv 't f stmately stood his ground., . .l f Already tho limbs of ihe sailor began to " quiver but the fear of ridif.i.ln fm standing his great size and apparent heav-j Uiessinatea had iu influence, and be yet - iness, he ia very active; and though his scarcely dared to retreat. Bruinrijowover ordinary gate may appear clumsy when 1 pS9e:33ing leas reflection, or being regard- the ice far exceeds that of the swiftpst bqldn;3a to advance. His niirh aooroach man. This 3nimal swims excelientlv, and unshaken &tep subdued tlie. apajflT of f-j and advances al the rate of three miles an bravery and that dread of ridicule that had hour. Daring the summer season he hx iCi uP?eld our "dvemurer he turned, principally resides on the ice islands, and nd ffed ,B"1 H.ow wa8 eli?e f dW. leaves one to visitanother, however great ,8,,l1r d ft,ght uraedjbe bear m ho th A.atr. ir i .i ti - '"9 turn to pursue, and being better prac be the distance. If intcrrup ed while ,n ticed m sn0Uavellm,,, and better provided water, he d.ves and changes his course ; for-itf he rapidly gained upon the fugitive but he neither dives, very dften nor docs The whale lance his only defence, eoW he remain under T water for a long time, bering hnn wi.is retreat, be threw it down, Captain'Ross saw a polar bear swimming acd kent on.. ThU fortunaifclv erifii ' th, Jmidway in Mellviljc Sound, where the bear's attention; he stopped, pawed h, Kt -4