i - ; .
' . t M , -
I ;
1 , .... i : J . -. . ..J- - . - c 4 . , . - - .- L.--:.-.i. - .: . , . . i (. f - -. . ; . . . i- , -",::. r -. . -. .- j ; -
n
M
GREMSBofetJGW N. C., ilpiXBRIJAEY; 20, 1857,
vifUMBM 921.; j
! I
VOLUME
!
f
f:?l SPEIIRY, WITH BELL.
broOKS, PACK it CO., Importers and
A'; i- Staple apd Faicy Dty Goods, Ho.
Coalers r , .. . L i" " t " -ri.
iarfiinibersj aaa u neaue ox., iew orit
n-. 2J. ISO3-
862tf.
I
XVfVSyr J. SfEDJlJLN, Attor
ney & nviDu iemuvuiu
Courts of Chatharti, 3obr4 and Jfarnett Coun-
rTIvDERSON. ! I W. D. REYNOLDS
nRRSO, & ItElSO LD, Gro-
zr- . L..Miirn . wiu aiioiiu: ici'iiiaii v iut7
ctrs aim Commijssiion Merchants, No.
Roanoke uare, Nbrjolk , Va. ; ,
fsi active attention to , lff ae o xour ana
otktr ki1' f Produce avoiding uHnectssary
dint', and mdering prompt relurnt. 32: 1 y
. yv n'MMINO. ?
C. STYRON.
rejourning & Styfoi, Co'inmisgion and
I i v...ward'in2 Merchahts, Wilmington, N.
r w'Ji SltAntion paid io sellihg Flour and
all
J kinds of produce. jAug, 3 1 , :
;iR55.1y.
J)
If. A. A HILL, RICU FORK, Da-
riuspn poumy, n. v
-TR. JOlIiSVTAlX, Has settled per
JJ manantly at Doctor Beall' Old Place,
Jersey Settlement and oHers his Ser
vice to the Public, j j ' '
' : 42 if. : . i i
KC IILTClIISO., Com in Is-
wilJ sell on ?ommi6Ri6n,;Cditou, Corn, Wheal
and other Pountry jPrpdace.Nw Charlotte,
Cliarleon, and New; otVr liberal advanct
rnents raade'on cosign meats. j
j RKF'KHE.VCES. ' ! ! ' ' ...
Jocl Ai Jenkji'ns, Salisbury : Geo. W. Williams
& Co. Charleston, S. C.: . Hunt, Lexington:
Robbert Soutr,jun. New lirork' , ; i2S)-ly
TV. OGliviW. icieaje in'School,
Religious, Scientitic, Standard, Proee
and Poetical Works ii General! Literature:
Uw Books, Miscellany, AibumAusic ailll
Wilting Port Folio, VVritiag Dtisks, Music
4nJ Musical Instrument Stationery, Sic.
, Greensborugh, N.jCJ :
Wert Street eco..dquare frofn couit house
Gii:o. ii. klllv & imoxiicn,
T Commission Merchants, atid Dealers in
Vamily Ciocenes arm rrovisiaas io. ii,
1 north; water street, Wllnilllgloil, AT. C.
' WiLL Veep constantly on hajid, Sugars,
Coiffees Molasses, Chelese, Floury Butler,
Lard Soaps, Candles, jCrackersSlaich, Oils,
Saufs kc. j : '
REFEIlEXCES : -
O.G. fVsley, Pre. Commercial Bank t Wil.
JohaMeRae, 14 Hank ol Wilmington
i 5
JAMES A. XOG, ATTORNEY AT
LAW, Lexington, Nv C. j.
JVltX V. PAVXE, Altoniey at
L.iw, IvivinLi hehnaneiitly located in
Greensboro' N. C, willl attend the Courts
- of. .Ran do !!, DaviJi and iGuilfcrd, and
promptly aeud. to the collection oi all
claims placet! in his hands. !
JaruSth 1857. j f 915 if.
-I- '- ' . '--
8TEHL1M2 LAN I EH. SAMPSON LANIKR.
LAJ1AR HO,$C, (formerly Coleman
House,) Knt)xille, Tennessee. S. &
Iinier, Proprieto. : j
Mr. Sterling Larfier, IaU ;of the Lanier
House Macon, Ga:, and Sampson Lanier.
late of Tuskegee, A(a. 'will be-liappy to meet
all mends ana customers at the Lamar Mouse
"here they have ample accomodation tor
250 person. , ! U16-ly
tTVI M. & Ii. SCOTT,
lj ATTOUNEYSJ AT LAW, Gheensboro':
m C.. will regularly' attend the Courts of
Guilford, Alamance, ! Randolph and Davul-
.son. i : . 919 tf
E. J. LUTTEKLOII - W. r. ELLIOTT
Luierloh & Elliott General Commis
sion and Forw arding Merchants, Wil.
mington, N. C. '- Dealers inJLime, Calcined
Plaster, Cement, taud Plaster, Plastering
Hair, fcc., &c. ' ; 83 ly
- f-, L :
"VT C. Fnii:I t, with Abbott,
1.1 Jones &, Co.,, Importers .and Job
bers of Staple and Fancy Silk Goods, No. 153
Market Street, Philadelphia.
T)ETEB .W. lllXTOX, CommlK-
X i lion iflercliant.
Norfolk, Va.
TOWN POINT,
Special attentionpaid to'sellins Tobacco,
Flour Grain, Cottoi,Naval Stores. &c. Also,
"to leceivma and forwarding Goods.
Refer to Chas. L. Hi nton, Esqn Wake, N.
,(. B. Roulac, Es(.. and Geo. W. Hay
wood Esq. Kal-:c4N-C; Win, Pluramer.
Esq., Warronloh N'C.
AS.25, 1855.
8G4::ly.
UJ. nicnileulinll, I&nd Agent,
.WILL select and enter Government
band. locate Land? Warrants, make invest
ments tot capitalists at Western rates, pay
laxef-uj transact a general ral estate bu
'tiess iii ; 'M:nnesc(ta, Iowa and Wisconsin.
Address, Minneapollis, Minnesota.
Refer -to Hon J. ir Mor-Kead. Georrre C.
Mendenhall, Col. Walter Gwynnund John A.
May 16th, 1856.: ;288
7 AT.SOIV & .11CAK1S, GENERAL
T Commissioh Merchants. 34 lluflim:
up, New York, Special attention paid to
the sale of Grian, t'ottou and other Southern
products. ? , "
Liberal advances made on consign
ments. . ; 915 tf.
WOUTlilttilTLEV. COMMISSION
and Foiwsirding Merchants, Fayette-,
'ville, N. C. 7
; ; ' Jn L J S :
AT II. M'CRARY i&. CO., FAC
. twrs "as0 Commission Meuchanlt
Agents forsale kn4 purchase of Cotton. Flour,
Grain, Salt, Groceries, &c, Corner Princess
and Water Street Vilraington,' N. C.
Usual advances on Consignments.
' " JtEf ElRENCES :
R. SAVAGE, Cashier Bank of Cape Fear,
iRosset & Buqwx, .f '
' JtflES, slm,N.C.
C. GRAHAM JL ni
Wilmington, si. C. .
ion Court House, S. C ,
u , AuuKTpN & Co:, Lexington, N
She Jattbt aith flag.
PUBLISHED WFEKLY.BT ,
II. S. SHERWOOD & JAS. A. LONG,
EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.
r r
TERMS: $3.00 :A YEAR, IS ADTAXCE:
$2.50 after three months, and $1.00 after twelve
a - a a!
: . moniiis irom ine aaie oi snosenpuou.
4-
) RITKS nF ADYERTISIAG.
One dollar per square (fifteen lines) for the
first week, and twenty-five cents for every
week thereafter. ! Deductions made in favor
of standing adveriseroents as follows :
; ; 3 MONTHS. 6 MONTHS. 1 TAR.
Ohe square, S3. 50 $5.50 $8.00
Two squares, : 7.00 10.00 i 14.D0
Three " (Jcol.) 10.00 15 00, 20.00
Half column, s 18 00 25.00 , 35.00
! For the Patriot and Flag.
f , THE AMERICAN PARTY.
': ' " no. v.V
There are those I know, who would
charge us with Wing indiscriminately op
posed to the emigration of foreigners of ev
ery description j to this couutry. This is
uriloundtdin fact, and cannot be shown
from any rocognized Platform containing
the principles of our party. , AVe neVcr
Have, nor do we now assume any such po
sition. No, tar from it; although positive-
ly determined that wc will exclude the
pauper, the criminal and the convict from
our shore. W offer our country wtr j
Country as an asylum to the oppressed of
every land. We say to the energetic, in
diistrious foreigner, ' Come we can give
you liberty ; w5 can give you protection;
we can give you independence ; we can
offer you a permanent and abiding home ;
biit wc are unwilling to invest you with the
robes of office. . The country is ours, and
wo will govern it to suit ourselves.'
It is by holding out the alurements of
oHice, that thousands are induced to seek
our shores, and not for the purpose of en
joying that freedom which is so freely
offered to the dotvn-troddten and oppressed
of every clime. . It is from the ambitious
the aspiring foreigner, we think we have
much to fear, who emigrates to this coun
try, not in search of a home, but for his
own personal aggrandizement, who heads a
foreign band equally as ignorant and un
principled' as their leader, and who are
ready and willing at any and all times, to
sell their rights ofrsuffrage for money or
for office. 1 The radical and the vagabond
may be bought; and there are those who
trill buy. Many of this class are brought
to this country by the Abolitionist through
the intervention of their Emigrant Aid Societies-'
O' hers , are driven here by the
frowned beads of Europe, at the same time
ridding themselves of a curse and throw
ing such a ruses of combustible material
into our very midst, that it requires the
greatest firmness and dicision ori the part
of our own citizens to counteract its baneful
influence. It is this very population that
lias, within the last few year, swelledlhe
Hlack Republican party to its present enor
mously dangerous size. It is this very
fopulation which supported John C. Fre
mont i.i most of the Northern States with
rnight and main for the Presidendy. -it is
this very population which has been warmed
into notoriety by the servile attentions of
designing demagogues, and who are ready
in their ignorent arrogance, to assist in sub
verting that Temple which affords them
protection. A little more than two years
ago, when we were, proclaiming to the
American people the dangers which must
Jirise, if we continued to clothe such as these
iwith all the rights of citizenship so soon
J'....,.. '
alter their arrival, we were tauntingly
asked by the opposition, ' If we fear
ed a pitiful handful of foreigners." We
answered them, No; that the American
heart was a stranger to the feeling of fear,
but that we deemed it our duty our sol
emn duty, to guard those dear-bought rights
bequeathed by an illustrious ancestry. We
told them then that this very population
might be made the subservient instrument
of our destruction ; that led on by the po-
litical intrigues and designingdemagogues,
a President might be forced upon us,
whose election might sound the death
knell of the Union. And yet scarce three
months have rolled over our heads, since
tec have heart! the Democracy ol the South
calling upon us in tones of frantic elo
quence to unite with them in defeating
John. C. Fremont, who was supported
throughout most of the Northern States by
the black coherts of forcignism with a sin
gular unanimity. We heard but little in
that contest about the foreigner or Roman
Catholic. The appeal to the American
party was, Help me Cassius, or I sink 1".
and no intelligent man will pretend to
deny that if Fremont had been elected, that
he would, have been chiefly indebted to the
.foreign. Catholic vote for his success.
Nearly every 'leading politician in the South
took decided ground in favor of immediate
and direct dissolution in case of his election
and if hp bad been elected, there is great
danger thai such would have been the re-
. ' ! ' ii ii . L -j
suit, tnereDy practically mustraung roe
wisdom of pur warning scarcely two years
sinceJ ' ';!) y' '
Our statistics will show that the emigra
tion to this country in the years 1855 and
'56 was nothing like so great is it was
in 1854. This ! has been attributed by
gome !of diir opponents to the rise and pro
gress of the American party, and some of
them have even complained of it. If the
mild i policy recommended by our party
has exercised stjrh a beneficial effect in so
short a tijhe, should not every American
citizen thank tjis for the easy and quiet
modf pointed out for the riddance of such
a curse ? ; Would it not be better for us t j
profit by the lesson while we can, than thai
we should be forced to use mqre violent
means in the future, and when perhaps,
it inav beitoo late? j
There is another view of thfs subject
that I would present, and as I do iot know
that it ould bej more forcibly orj concisely
expressed I will give it in the language of
ex-Governor Srnith, and to which I would
call the earnest and especial attention of
everySduthern! ciiizen. It is nt the ut
terance ,nf a Wriig. hut the honest senti
ments of a consistent and a distinguished
Democrat whom his party in Virginia have
long hofiored bnd been proud 1 of. ? The
Governclri says : ' I will never interfere
with foreigners now in the couijitry, btft I
know foreigneps who approve the policy of
arresting i the importation of foreigners.
The orisrin of Know Nothingisni! is a strug
gle for bread a frightful angry question
at the North, j At the South it is a politi
cal question of high importance. The
North has 5- more representatives than
iUOu.a. ."uc; , perg of lJe yuuth. ot its eompletioii and
of the South is one-third greater than that !jreadiness to transport passengers ; fceatly
of the ; North, because there arc greater Jj printed and framed advertisement hav been
checks on population there. Biut the arti- i liunr P in u11 ihe hotels and public hous
ficial element of foreigners brinks 500.000 i! es 0,1 .tbo Soullier line of travel, as j have
who settle ahnually in the rtree States,
with instincts against slavery, j making 50
representatives in 10 years to swclf the
opposition to the South. Toi
stop this
enormous disproportion, what is
lour policy ?
What is the frightful prospect
before us ?
The effect of Know NoUiingisni is to turn
back tlwj tide of emigration, and our hich
est duty to the South is todiscpurage emi
gration. I depricate it as a great calamity."
The above extract needs no comment. It
speaks for itself, and I would modestly
commend: it to the impartial consideration
of the peculiar charhpions of Southern
rights a very distinguished order of gen
tlemen very generally knowni as " Fire
Eaters."
One more point and I shall conclude.
By turning to a little pamphlet, prepared a
shorl time since by Dr. Samue O. Busey,
entitled Emigration ; Is-Evis and Con
sequences, 'you will find the point to
which. I allude, fully illustrated(in the 10th
chapter, begining at page 13l. As this
communication is growing beycjnd its prop
er limit, I shall make but on0 extract :
" The' last Congress passed anj act for tbe
organisation of the Territories of Kansas
and Nebraska, in which it jgranted the
Elective Francui.se to every emigrant
who might scttle in either of s;aid Territo
ries. If lhs principle, thus established by
the National Government, ishereafter to
become the organic law of fujture States,
the subjects and serfs of European despots
will soon exercise an absolute (control over
the Federal Legislature. A? soon as the!
I Territories acquire the requ.si e number of!
' 1 1 ;
populatiom, they have a rightjto apply for
admission into the Union, upon equal foot
ing whether States. By relrencc ty the
statistics upon this subject, it jwill be seen
that foreign emigration of I8p4, was suf
ficient to have settled nearly jthree States
equal in white population t$ Arkansas ;j
two, eq-jal to Iowa; three equal to Texas ;
four, u California ; three to Rhode Island ;i
six, to Belaware, or ten to Florida: so that;
j under the principle of the Kansas-Nebraska
law, while emigrants' continu to come at
the rate of 1854, there may bej within onei
.i
year, ten new States applying for admis-j
sion into the Union, entitled tq their twen-i
ty Senators in the United States Senate,
and to one Representative apiece in tbej
t t c i . . . r. .
ziouse oi, jvepreseuiauves ; ana yei, mis
would be but the representation of 460,4741
foreigners. Une word more to the Amer-i
ican people and I am done : Exclude the!
pauper from your shores , reqjuire the for
eigner to remain here twenty-one years
before, you grant him the right of Suffrage
Bestow the offices of your cuuatry upon the
native-born son of .jthe soil, and the tide o
emigration to this country will oon dwindle
into a mere handful of energetic foreigner
who seek your shores for peace and not
for plunder.
Bo DISCO
Leaks ville, N. C, February 7.
SPEECH OF MR. GORRELL,
' OF GUILFORD,
Ik the Striate, on the Greensboro and
Danville Hail Road.
Mr. Speaker! -My friend the Senator
fijom Warren has designated this as a very
luipunam uiu. in iui senument l, lully
concur. I look upon it as one of the most
important measures that will occupy the at-
leniiou oi inu cnamoer auring me present
session oi mis uenenu Assemoty. And no
matter what may be our nnal deeission upon
iti. time, the only true fortune teller of States
ahd Nations, as weft as of indivldnalvin
aiier years, win Drociaim its imnort.-nc:
tith the. benefits which will result from
its adoption, or the long train of evils which
riiust follow us rejection. .
lathis bill is passed, we have it in our
ppiver to retain a large amonnt bf lucrative
travel on one hundred and fifty u iles of road
tprough the western portion of I our State,
ninety four miles of which will be on the
rjforth Carolina Rail Road, if it is rejected,
tiat travel will be lost, notonlyJotheNcith
(arolina Rail Road, but to the Wilmington
4nd AVeldon road also. And after the cur
rent of travel is fully set on tljie Virginia
and Tennessee road, some future legisla
ture, by way ol retrieving the ejrror of the
Present, will with eagerness pass a charter
ir the Greensboro' and Danvillq connexion,
jut then it will be " too late' ind the dis
nal cry of too late" will be" echoed and
;-e-echoed froui ocean wave rjo mountain
:op, by the victims of misdirected lcgisla
ion. The North Caroltna Rail Road is one of
the best roads in the country, North or
Sruth ; it is equipped with '(locomotives
and passenger cars iu a superfipr style ; it
traverses an interesting, and tjro thirds of
its length, a fertile country ; ilj comr4ences
at one of our most Nourishing tpwns in the
east, ani passes through the Metropolis of
the State, and the couuty towns of the most
lyroductive aud wealthy counties in the in
terior, ternjinatcs at Charlotte, the queen
;of our western towns. It vas finished on
jthe 29th day of January, 1850 nearly one
jvear ago ; advertisement has cen exten
sively made in the most promiuent ncvspa
been informed by one of the directors ; the
cars have been run first in tle day! time,
then in the night, and changed again to
day ; every ettort has been lnalde to induce
travel, and still it is a rare sight to see a
passenger on the North Carolina Road re
siding South of Columbia. j
Now sir, what is the cause of this state
of things f why is it that the- Wilmington
and Mauchester, and the Wilmington and
Weldon road, which fr most of the way
passes through a monotonous region of pine
and sand, much of the way through swamps
and marshes, and a great portion of it over
elevated tressle work, is patrduized with a
heavy through travel, and th North Caro
lina Road is neglected, simply because tbe
former is 110 miles shorter than the latter,
and sixty nine miles shorter tjian the N. C.
and Raleigh and Gaston road.
I have taken some pains to 'ascertain the
length ol the diCeient lines of travel from
the North to the South. My calculations
have been made from the distances given
in " Williams Travelling Guide of the U
nited States a work published in Phila
delphia during the year 1 85(1. 1 find from
it that the distance from Atlanta in Georgia
to Washington City by Wilmington and
Weldon is 8d5 miles, the distance between
the same points by the Nortfi Carolina Rail
Road is 945, the distance from '.he same
points by the North Carolinb and Baleigh
and Gaston and Petersburg! Road is 9U4
miles ; making a difference in iavor of the
Wilmington road over the North Carolina
road of 110 miles; and oyer the No:th
Carolina and Kaleijih and Gaston road ofi
G9 miles. I am aware that these distances
may not be exlicfi correct, but they give
us a comparative view of distances, upon
which we may safely reason, and from which
draw correct conclusions, tlere is a differ-
I' ence of 110 imles in favor e
the Wiluiing
route takes the
ton road and l,esides thia
gVlT Scuthe mai!j and se two causes
c.Mi.hinf'd will n fli'i t rniilp tll Hir:illo-l
(jouiuiutu, win e tuai luuit mc iuiuii
travel not only against the North Carolina
Rail Road, but all other rajil roads which
cannot compete with her ins these two im
portant particulars. The mjril will always
go upon the shortest route, and travellers
will go upon it, because ii carries the mail
and-vrill put them at their points of destiua-
tion in the shortest time,; and with the
least money, and greatest certainty.
If the Wilmington and Weldon road had
no other competitor for the through travel
than the North Carolina Rajl Road, I ad
mit it mijzht calculate with almost an abso
lute certainty to retain possession ot the
handsome profits which daily flow into its
treasury from this source. But this is not
the fact; " a strong man armed, is about to
enter upon it, and spoil it df its goods ;" a
formidable and a dangerousroad has sprung
up in thq west, which is not only going to
take the through travel from that road, but
from every road in North Carolina, unjess
this Danville connexion is speedily made.
1 mean the Virginia and Tennessee Rail
Road. By a calculation of distances taken
from the same authority alluded to abjvc,
the distance from Atlanta in Georgia by tbe
way of Chattanooga, Knoxille, Lynchburg,
and Richmond, to Washington City is 770
miles, a difference of 59 imles in favor oJ
the Virginia and Tennessee Road. This
road is finished throughout its whole Hoe
with tbe exception of a short distance! be
tween Knoxville and the Virginia line, which
is completed all to laying the iron, and ! will
be finished early in the ensuing spring. This
route passes through a high and healthy
country, and a great part of the way amidst
I
Highly picturesque and romantic scenery,
wnere trie worts of nature are displayed
with most attractive grandur Running
as it now does by Richmond, it has the ad
vantage of 59 miles in point of distance and
direction, over the Wilmington road, and
if left' in its present course, would take the
through travel from North to South Jxona
that road. But it has not now got the di
rection which its friends intend to give it.
It is cntended to supply a link between
L.ynchDurgAnd CharlottsviUe and connect
it wit h the Virginia Central and Orange and
Alexandria Had Road, by which, instead of
going; nrand by Kichmond, at a considerable
angle, a straight direction is obtained from
Lynchburg to Washington City. The dis
tance from Atlanta to Washington by this
route is 700 miles, a difference of 135 miles
against Wilmington. I make this estimate
from the same authority as that which I hive
named before, except the distant between
L.yni,hburg and Charlottsville, which lido1
not 3 nd in " Williams Guide," and whicjh I
have measured on the scale of miles on the
map.:
If Senators wrll first examine their maps,
they will be struck at once, by a mere
glanc e of the eye, with the superiority of
this line over the Wilmington line. ;13y
this, the traveller from ;Soutb to North, is
going all the time in the direction ol his ob
ject by the Wilmington route he is not I
going m the direction of his. object at all
till he arrives at Wilnyngton, but is going
a part of the way in an opposite direction
and another portion of it at right angles to
u. ouppose a traveller at Atlanta, iroinc I
North, and I mention that point onlybe-
causj it is a central point, something like furnished to go out of the State with pro- has paid a cent of dividend nor a dollar of - J( ,
the Iiub of a wheel, with rail roads like duce to all sections, except that one inter- interest. It is worth, or at least it has -spokes
radiating in every direction. Sup- ested in this connexion. Why should priv- cost upwards of four millions .of dollars, , '
pose a traveller ot that poini, going North,
was shown a rail road map, and was told
the distances of the two routes, "would he
hesitate an instant which to take? I think
that Wilmington is doomed to loose the
through travel from her roads, and that it
is destined to pass on the other side of the
mountains, unless it can be interrupted in
Western Carolina, and this I think can be
done, and will be done, and can only be)
done by forming the connection contem-i
plated by this bill.
Mr. Speaker, I am not the enemy of Wil
mington, aud these remarks are not made
ont of any hostile feeling to her or her in
terests. I honor her for herentrprixe and
her public spirit. I envy not ker prosperi
ty, but rejoice in it. 1 have been fighting
all my life to promote hergreat interests,
the first article 1 ever wrote for a newsna
per was for her, in the days of Hamilton
Fulton aud his " fathers," 4 my locks were
like the raven then," and now they are
like the smaw," and I have been fighting
for her ever since. In 1835 in Mie other
house, I voted for the charter of her road ;
at the last session, 1 voted for her Wil
mington and Charlotte road and her Banks.
Some of lier citizens know that 1 have in
terested myself to direct trade to her marts ,
my people at home, know that for years 1
have been doing all I could for her inter
ests, and to create a State pride in her fa
vor. The people that I represent, and
that I am proud to represent, have been
actuated by the same feelings. We have
given to Wilmington every thing that she
has ever asked, so far as it has been in
our power to give and I hope that the
Senators, who represent the people of the
Cap Fear on this floor, will not deny to
us the poor boon ot a charter for a road t
te made at our own expense, a taxed
cliarler, which cannot injure them arid will
greatly benefit us.
I do not wish to injure Wilmington, and
would not, if 1 could, strike a pearl from
the crown "of her prosperity, but I see,
plainly see, that so far as the through trav
el on her roads is concerned, the sceptre
is about to depart irom Judah,' amPil I
can istercept it on its passage, and retain
it in my section of the State, in preference
to letting it pass away from u entirely, I
think I am doing " the State some
service." This, I believe, can be done.
By making this connection between Greens
borough and Danville, and another short
one between Aikin and Columbia, C, of
only 30 miles, we then have a shorter road
than the Virginia and Tennessee rail road
as new finished, or soon to be finished;
we have the advantage in point of distauce,
thtf distai.ee irom Atlanta to Washingion
city, by this route, being only 701 miles I
Besides the advantage in distance, we nave
thp ftdv:int:i( in roint of climate. I'rost i
and snow and
' v A
.1 ' .
!. in tins coiucsi. .ire oui
al'ies
and formidable foesof-our rivals. j
oad running its whole length on thej
Our run
south-side of the mountains, will not bribe injured by it in the way, of freight.
;mn,pfMn its busines bv the rhrur ol : Now sni let us see what it will gain in
the Winter and
r . .1 t "
c.
iheir's wilJ be for a large portion of fhe
"
c .MM,n. Mazed with . ice and blocked
up with snow. Our route passes as hue a
country, as to health, water and scenery,
J . .1 t1 . A I . .1.1
is to be found in the South, and would;
" ,0 " ' . . .u..
aiwajs .
trave er as the, great Peidniont line.
rh;a i nr rmd for the nres-nt, with
This is our road lor me present, wuu
is and when they make the connection
between Lynchburg and Charlottsville, we
have another route in contemplation, which
will com pletly take the wind out of their
irom me irmuiu uuu v u..v -
sales, l mean iwai nmn.
air line road," a road leading from Atlanta
in Geonria. by Anderson and Greenville,
in South Carolina, Charlotte and Greens
boro' in North Carolina, and Danville,
Lynchburg, Charlottsville and Alexandria,
in Virginia, to Washington city. The
map shows the superiorly of this line. In
point of direction"and of distance, a line, a
large portion of which in the South, was
surveyed and bid eat by tbe old oborijii
nal engineers of the countryr the buflaloe
and the deer, long before the loot of ' pale
face had ever made
attract in "the cmY
gia
Amerigo wilderness. 1A line which is North Carolina rail road, as I have Litd
i it 1 . ' :" 1 '
the nearest tb an air line of any 'other, up-t before,'; was.finished, on jthe 29 th of, Jan
on which a road can be boilt between' the 1 uartJ 185G. The nfamher of boTes nf tn-
North and South, :a fine jwhich his firuresi
on its side, ; and nature on its side, and j
when finished will take tbe travel and hold I
it for all time to come in spite of all com j
iwtivw. i; I i ... .) 1
. i " . . ; . . : . -' -1- l
. i5u sir, another objectioa to this road is;
that it leads iuto Virginia, and will injure j
iue nonn Carolina lull xtoad by taking j
freight frorri it,l and carrying produce to I
Richmond and Petersbhsr. Sunrise this I .
were so.it is rather too llate in the dav to 1
raise i
thw objection We have now in full j the
operation the Colombia and Charlotte Road, i the
anu me wumington anq Manchester Koad, teir days ago, which report 1 ' have here
leading into South Carolina, and carrying before 1 me, it appears that this road trans
produce to her marketsJ The Raleigh and ported, during the las! year, 68,3 8 pounds
Gaston Road -the Ciarksville Rail Road
the Petersburg and Roakioke Rail Road
the Viluiingtou and Weldon Rail Road
the Dismal Swamp Cacsl, all leadiug into
v irginia, and carrying trade to her mark-,
ets. We have peuding; before as a bill to
furnish State aid in constituting a canal
sixty feet wide, and seven feet deep, to
connect the, waters of Currituck Sound with
the Chesapeake Bay, by which the produce
of 1500 miles of he navigable waters of
North Carolina is to bei carried into Virgin-, it
ia, and thii at the same time when we are 1
struggling 'at the expense of about two mil-
lions of dollars to, buildup a sea port town
of our own i at "Beaufort j And in addition I
to all this,. there is a bill pending before
the other Loupe, to construct a lCail Koad I
from Ededton to Norfolk. Facilities are
liege be granted to one; section, and denied
to another : Why should the people of the
Roanoke and Albemarle be allowed to carry
their com and wheat tb the Virginia mark-
ets, whilst at the same time, privilege is de broker's board can it raise that amount of -nied
to the people ot the Yadkin and the money upon the credit of all its name and
Dan?
But, I think the fears of Senators on
this subject arc more imaginary than real,
aud that this road will bring, much more
produce into the State to be transported on
life western end of the; North Carolina Rail
Road, thau it can possibly carry out of it.
Wrhat produce have we to transport to Vir
ginia ! The counties of .Mecklenburg, Ca
barrus, lluwan, and a large portion of Da
vidson, are cotton crowing counties, and
their cotton will go to 'Charleston as its na-
ly 3512
it is greater now. To my certain knowl
edge, a large portion of the wheat crop of
Davidson, last year, was7 sent to Charleston,
and I suppose the same was the case in
Rowan. -i-A large steam flouring mill in
Charlotte bought up thousands ot bushels,
which was manufactured iuto flour and sent
South. The wheat crop of the county in
which I reside, was sent partly to Wilming
ton, and partly to Norfolk? and from these
respective places, shipped to Aew York, a
portion of it and a larger portion was bought
by a company of mill owners in Weldon. An
other and a larger portion was manufactur
ed into fmir by our own millers, and sent
to the markets of Wilmington and Norfolk.
In a fewJyears our own State will afford
manufacturing will. sufficient to grind tip
the whole crop of the middle portion of tbe
State, mills arc being erected, and are in
contemplation all through the interior
many of the mills in nry own eounly, are
now making and selling flour of the highest
brands, and our people will not consent to
pay for transporting bran and shorts on
Rail Roads where thevcan have their wheat
manufactured into the; finest flour at home,
arid command the highest prices for their
flour " What inducement have we to carry
wheat to Richmond? 1 The wheat crop of
Virginia?in 1840 was i. 10,109,710 JBushels.
that of NWth Carolina, 1,9G0,855; in 1850
VirginiaUl,212,616 ; North Carolina, 2,-130,102-;
The increase of the Virginia
crop between 1810 and 1850 was more than
hali'oT ojur crop in the latter year. Yet
some gentlemen are afraid we will carry
our wheat to Richmond, afraid of ''car
rying coals 'to New Castle." I have not
included1 in ihe a hove estimate, the wheat
of Ro.'kiugham, which wil! po to Danvilfe
at all events, whether' this connexion is or
is not made
The a,bove estimates nnd figures I think
..Til ilinw th-rt tlm 'i (ml I'lw iiviiii i A' thie
.,.......... v. ......
road carry ing produce out of the State, is
groundless, and that the N. ('. road cannot
' lBa..rk n thiu 4 tiiii Ar.l inn rI'lts funintiia
, . - . . 1
M t VUIHII.O
' of Rockingham and Caswtll, in this Mate.
, and l lie bounties oi ratru-K. nenry, l'lttsyi-
vaiua. rraukhn and ltahlax, m Virginia.
couniicS lving immedialelv around and
contiguous to Danville, raised in 18u0, ac-
i;..f iU .nS,.. tn un sro
muni's 'of tob icco lam? nortion and
pounosoi ton.icco. lare portion, auo
I-shouM suppose much the largest portion
n .,i u. :
P
. .... ' t
and destined to a Smthern market. It
now has to perform the tedious and costly
journey of being sent to Richmond by the
Richmond and Danville road, and then find
its way some time bv Ntw York to
some Southern sea port, from which it is
sent inlothe interior t be sold and ued. By
a sea voyage it is liable to become dam
aged by the absorption of moisture. The
tajt of transportation by this tedious and
circuituous iwre greally reduce the profits
of the manufacturers!, and if this connec
tion was made between Danville and the
lorth Carolina rail Iroad. by far the great
est portion : of this inanufactured ; tobacco
would pass over the : western end of this
roafi, on itskvay to South Carolina, Geor-
tural market, and the Danville Road could "Pn he treasury. 1 am ceruin, sir tnat ;
not divert it. The cbnnties of Guilford, I would not knowingly do anything to in-lKr :
Forsyth, Davidson, DaTie and Rowan, ac- re the N . C. R. Kpad. ' I am ft stock-. j , j
cording tb the last census tables produced holder in it myself. F Mid my inoneyjn -only
351527 bushels of wheat. Nadoubt for m-v stock ?Dd 1 'eel l.he loss of lt t i
and Alabama ; ; How is it now ? The
boro, : up lovthe 3d Monday in November
last, the dav of our meeting here: was '
7,307 boxes, which, at 125 tounds to the '
uux,.maue. aiqjinagexOi.oniT op ton!.
. -v n .X.' .. ...... ' I-
yieiaing jAirjj,7X lor trausportauon. 1 be
destinatien cf this tobacco was mostly to .
viioiw, irom wuicnit was sent tn oouia
JT tn Charlotte and Columbia rail road.
The Danvillft and Rtibmonr1 mA wn
finished in Junn W nn.l bv th W.rt nf '
President oi the road . to the meeting of
stockholders held in Richmond Only a
of tobacco-f-makinga tonage'of 4,273 tons.. ' 1
Here is an exhibit of the two "ends of the !
proposed Danville road in the article of '
tobacco, destined mostly: for the Southern ; ;
market. Une sends seven thousand boxes ,
in the direction of its destination;- the '-'
other sends sixty-eight thousand in an op- '. $
posite direcion, and at heavier costsJ f Aiid .
what is the reason 7 Simply because it is "
cheaper to send it by this cirtu'ttiUotl rout
than to wason it to tire N. CrRoad.; " It -
less costlv to feed the iron horses' tharf
the teams necessary to perform the trans-
portation. -We have a few specimens here
of what the N. C. Rail Road is losing for
want of this connection. Is it able to make
the 6acrafice and sustain the loss in travel.
and trei?ht which this connection wnnM
give it? I should suppose not It never
and yet we are told that it is in debtand 1 ' ; 5
stands in need of $350,000 that .; it has '
tried iu the State and out ot the State for
a loan, and that -at no Bank counter, nor
all i ts works. And no longer ago than !: !
yesterday, a bill i hurried through this
branch of the Assembly to allow them to "A"
issue bonds bearing 8 per cent' interest and "f
exempt them from taxation whilst the pri
vate citizen is only allowed six per cent.,1 -and
a tax of 18 cents on that. I think, l
sir, that a road so situated needs help.T By
passing this bill, you at once increase the
price of its stock in the market, and as soon
as completed will make the N. Cf It.
yield a revenue instead of being a drain
upon the treasury. 1 am certain, sir, that
1 ' ..1. i: 1 . '.
people ma i 1 repreeeuii tcre, uwii iuuiv
C. R. load than any other county1 in the '
State, and they all desire the connection.-
The people all along the line west of lis ? "7"
even to Charlotte, all desire it j because '- ' , .
they believe it would redound to our in-
terest and the interest of the State to make '
it. But we are told by our friends away r 1
off on the Roanoke, the Cape Fear and the-,
Albemarle that they tinderstand the inter- ,
ests of the road better than we do and they 7
must protect us and the State from the ru
inous consequences of our dangerous con
nection with the Old Dominion on the Dan
Another view of this subject, and one ' "
which gives it a very important bearing i a
its connexion with the Dan Rif er coal fields. I
This road if chartered,will run on the verge ,
oftbesft coal fields, and provide fof a v
stem running through them, into the lime
and iron regions of Stokes. We are infonfl--'
eo by our State Geologist in his report to ,
us at the present session, that these coal -'
fields are thirty miles in length, and from .
four to nine in breadth. Give them an, a- i,
verage breadth of six and a half miles, and. "t
the result is, 195 square miles of cOal lands,
lying almost touching one of the most im
portanl rail road connexions in' the whole
southern country. It is true they have
! not been as extensively explored as the coal
regions of Deep River, bat they haveDCCn
sufficiently examined to show that the ro
gion contains anthartic coal of an excellent
quality, and in great abundance, and quite-r
acccssable. Do we need this coalt ; Does
the interest of the State require itadevel-
opment f Is it worthy of a passing thought ;
of the statesmen and the legislator 1 What f
ire the facts ? The lodgings of man Jr cn
inn nn tlif Itnnr. r dnilv W Armed with I
coal from the North All along the lime of
the North Carolina Rail Road at je very lU
tion, you see hogsheads of coal frrrj' Penn
sylvania, to be? used in the furnaces and
V i v. .1. .:.i,itiiiM.ii id r
coal iiolds of Deep River, and the Dan.
Pennsylvania coat is used in large 1 quanti-
ties in the forges of Lincoln. If this con-
ncxion was made, this demand for coal -might
be supplied from our own 'State, our ii
money used in its purchase Icept kt honjft . l
and a draft for exchange to aori)0 extent 1.4
discontinued. I have endeavored as jreU tj. I
as I can to ascertain what it costs the Slate. 1
I he -tax on mercna
The tax on merchants according to the last , ,
report of the Comptroller amounts to 33,-. . v
r vielded bv a tax of 1 of
8j1 Jl. I his is yielded by a tax .w; tw ,
nno cent unon the merchandise brought into ;
the lafltvear of S23.M0.400: I
r j - (
one per cent, on this amount gives annual ( .
ly the sum of 8135,404. v I doubt whether
one per cent, will cover it, forI know, that , J p
in many parts of the Stale, the ratei px ex- ... t
change for the last year has been 1 i per cent 1
But this is only one approximation, for there 1
has been a larger amountof exchange paid j 4
on tho carriages and . harness, furniture, -jewelry,
coal and many other things not em- ,!
braced in the above estimate.' The . abovaJ ,
figures are certainly below the true amount .,'
oaid. but ven at this low estimate, the ex-
I change we pay amounts in ten yean, to the .
ruinous taxof 81,354,040. " W nave spenx
nearly half a million as a State, besides wb
has been contributed by individuals to reach
II
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