- . - - . j .
"y lMWii nil nwaMeai.J.i.ii MJIJ'1 J"'11'
J. I-JIJ.II ,.ailU jJWMWljig
IB-EJS
p i) tin mmm mm n i ii ijjjijMugjEJjL.'y !
VOLUME II.
iigTgiV'.in'iwegSggi ' - 1
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
CTSOOS SWA'M V gHEnWOOP.
T E R MS:
Two Dollars and Fifty Cents a year, in
tflrojjce-or Three Dollars, alter the expira
tion of rree months from the date of the nrst
ounibef receivei-N'a paper will be discon
tinued until aU arrearages are paid, except at
Oe option of the publishers; and a failure to
Sder a niseonthnancc within the year will
to cotwtdeiH a new engagement.
Advertisement,- One Dollar per square,
for the first insertion, and Twcnty-hve lenu
for each succeeding publication. A liberal
Seduction will be made in favor of those who
advertise by the quarter, or for a longer penod.
(ty Letters to the publishers must come
ffta of postage, or thev cannot be attentted to.
- -r
V GI2CUMSTANTJAL EVIDENCE.
TUeaubjojxicd narruiivt, while it sink
Inerly exhibits the fallible end uncertain
nature of circumstantial evidence, at
fords also a convincing proof ol the in
dispensable necessity of procuring medi
cal testimony of tba highest order in ah
criminal cases ruining to injuries of the
person. The narrator, Mr. Perfect, a
eurgeon at Hammersmith, sent the state
ment to the editor of the Lancet, (Mr.
Wakley) in January of the last y -r.
" It is now thirty years ago lint, acci
dentally pissing the Hack-IIorse, Turn
bain-grccn, my attention was atlrac cd
by a mob of persons of the lowest order,
assembled round the door of that urn,
who were very loud in their. execrations
ngainst some person who was suspect.-d
of having murdered his brother ; in or
roboratioii of which I was told that his
bones were lound near the premises
where he formerly rcsideJ, upon view ol
which a jury was then silling, after an
adjournment from the day preceding. I
found lhU t.ro surgeons had Imxii sub
pcended to inspect the remains, and I
bad no doubt but that every infoi ujatioii
s to their character had been obtained ;
... curiosity alone, 'therefore, induced me to
make mv way into the room, where I
found that the coroner,
. , w I
and l oeiieve a
... dauhhjuty w.ers. jj Ming, for, i?...?.:,coi!
day, and were engaged in an iiivestia-
lion wh.ch tended ta simvv.uiai a lariuei
til maiket-gurducr at Sutton-court firm
bad, a few years before, a brother living
with him, who was cug;g d in the farm,
but whose conduct was dissi lute- ami ir
regular to a d.-grec that often provoked
the anger of his elder l-.mihi-r. aefl some
times begat strife and violence between
them ; that the temper of the ealer urn
thcr was as little under control as the
conduct of the younger; and, in fine.
.gctber.
One winter's night, when the r round
was covered with snow, the yon der hro
tber absconded from the house (for thev
both lived together) by letting himself,
down (roin his chamber vvmdow ; and
when he was missed the ensuing mor e
ing, his footsteps were clearly tracked in
Jhe sriow to a considerable distance, nor
were there any footsteps but kis oirn.
Time passed on, and, after n lapse of
POine few years, no tidings wcie heard of
bis retreat, nor perhaps have there ever
been 'Since Some alterations in the
grounds surrounding the house hiving
been undertaken by a subsequent ten
nt, (for the elder brother had then left
tho farm,) a skeleton was dug up, and
tbc circumstance appeared so conclusi-vw
that one brother Ind mur If red ihe other,
that the popular clamor was raised to the
Otrnost, and a jury cnipaniicllcd to inves
tigate the case.
41 After listening attentively to thosp
details, I ventured to request of the cor
ouertobe allowed to examine the, hones,
which I found were contained in a ham
per bisket at the further end of tho room,
and I felt much flittered by his immrdi
te compliance, for he desired the parish
beadle, who was in attendance, to pluco
them upon the tabic; and having my.
SO disposed jhein in their natural order,
I found that they represented a person of
bort stature, and, from the obliteration
of Ihef sutures of the skull, and the worn
down state of tbfi teeth, must have he.
longed to ait aged person. Hut what was
my surprise wvi 1 reconstructed the
bones of the skeleton, and found tin
lower bones of the trunk to he those of
o female! ,1 immediately communicated
tba (act to the jury, and requested that
tbeir medical men who had before given
their opinions might he sent folyone of
tyBom attended, and without a moirtenl's
hesitation corroborat d my report.
"I need not add that the proceedings
trcre instantly at an end, and our" inno
cent marl received the amende honorable,
in the shape of an apology, from all pre
sent, in which the corner heartily joined.
It has since been proved, beyo d a l
doubt, that the spot where -the bones
were found, wrs formerly l he site of a
large gravel pit, in which hordes of gip
sies not only assembled, hut occasional
ly buried ilieir dead, and, perhaps, more
skeletons are yet to be fouml in that vi
cinity." At the distance of thirty years, the
narrator of this occurrence may well look
.back upon it with pleasure, and congrat
, ftlate-biiiisclf-upon.hia hating .beeitii4he
happy instrument, in the hands of Provi
Tc!nt'e of tcscuin a worthy and inno
cent udd from tho obloquy, andfM.rhaps
ihe fair, of a murderer." j
Not so fortunate in its issue was the
crise wMch we subjoin to this, and which
occi rrtd in England revioUly t,o the
rign of Charles II. The narrative is
guen in one of (he early volumes ol th..
Gentleman's Magazine,.
u A gentlpman died possessed .of a
very considerable fortune," which 'he 'eft
(o his only child, a daughter, appointing
his brother to be, the only guardian, and
executor of his will. The young lad)
was th-n about 'fighlern-, ai.d if, she
happened to the unmarried, ot if inarri
ed, without children, her fortune was left
to her guardian and tbhis heirs; As the
interest of the uncle was now incompat
ihlewitW the life of the VlccS several
other relations hinted that it would not
be pmpcr .far". lheinlo Jie together.
U h- ther they were willing to prevent
tny occasion of slander against the irrr
rle, in c ase of the young lady's death ;
whether t iuy had any appr h nsion ol
her being in danger, or whether they
were n I - discontented with the father's
disposition of lus fortune, and therefore
propagated rumors to the prejudice of
those who possessed il, cannot bo known ;
'he uncle, however, took his niece to his
house, near Epping Forest, and soon af
terwards she disipp' and.
" Great inquiry was made after her,
and i! appearing -that on the day she was
missing she went out wuh lu r uncle in
to the forest, and (hat he returned with
out her, h was taken into custody. A
lew days afterwards he venl through a
long examination, in which he acknowl
edged that lie went out with her, ami
i r -'tended lint she found means to loiter
behind him as ihey were returning liumr;
ih.il he soi.M'ht h r in ihe foiest ns souu
a-s he"missel her; ami ih it he knew not
where she was, or what wr.s become ol
Iw r. This account was thought impro
bable, and his apparent interest in ine
death ol his ward, and perhaps the petu
lant zeal of oilier relations, concurred to
raise and strengthen suspienms ugainsi
j,huii,.audhc. was detained to, custody,
Some new circumstances werevery d iy
r iri "g i u-t 4ti ros r ft wns found t M
tho ung adv b'ad been addrrs-sed by a
nciglibonug gentleman, w lio had, a few
lavs before she was mir.-ine, set out on
i jo'imey to ihe north, and that eto: h:;U
dtfi.ired s!ie would in irry him when hi
r-turned ; lint her uncle had l'r qm-nth
i vpri.sscil his disiprobatiou ol ihe match
ri erv string terms ; that she had tdie:
w. j t and r po;ieln d him with uiikiiid
n -s and an abuse of Ins power. A wo
4umi was also uMlucd, yii swiyre Uial
0 i the day th young lady w.is nr.saing,
bout elnvn o'clock m the fore :ioon, sh
waseoining through 'he forest, and In ard
1 woman's viiie- expostulating with gu at
p.igerness ; upon which she drew nearer
the pl ice, and, befoie she saw any per
son, heard the sutne voice say,'Doui
kill me, uncte,; don't kill me;' npoi.
which sh(f was greatly terrified, and im
mediately licirmg the report of a fire
am V'jrv near, sh" made all the haste sin
eou'd from the spot, but could not rest
in hei innid till she bad told what had
happened.
1 "Such wis the general impatience to
onrush a mm who had muni -red hi.1-
un ci: to inherit her fortune, that upon
i his evidence he was condemned and ex
eCUt'd.
" About ten dav? after the execution;
ihr; voung lady came-home. It appeared
however, tint what all the witnesses had
sworn was true, ai d the fact was found
to be thus circumstanced :
" The young lady declared, that hav
ing previously agreed to go olFwith the
gentleman that courted her, he had giv
en out that he ws going a journey to the
ii'rth,'but that he waited concealed at a
httl houso near the skirls of the forest,
till the tunc appointed? which was th
day she disappeared. That he had hor
ses ready for himself and hr, and was
attended by two servants also on -horse-back.
That, as she was walking with
her uncle,, he reproiched Inr with per
sisting in her resolution to marry a-man
of whom be disapproved ; and after much
altcrca ion, she said, with some heat, 1
have set mv heart upon it ; if 1 do not
marry him, it will be my l at Ii ; and don't
kill me,' nncle, don't kill me;' that just
as she had pronounced these words, she
heard a fire-arm discharged very near her,
at which -ho- started, and immediately
afterwards saw a man come forward from
among the trees, with a wood pigeon in.,
hjs hand, that he had just shot. That
corning near the place appointed for their
rendezvous, she formed a pretence to let
her uncle go on before hr, nnd hersuit.
or being in waiting for her with a horse
she mounted, and immediately rode off.
That instead of going into th north, they
retirf d to a house iii'wbich he had taken
lodgings, near Windsor, where they were
married the same day,& in about a week
wpiit a journey, of pleasuie to France,
from whence, when they, returned, they
first heard of the misfortune which they
had inadvertantly brought upon their un
cle.'. v
44 So uncertain is human tistimony
even when the witnessfs aresinceref and
so necessary is a cool nnd dispassionate
inquiry and determination, with rcspcci
GREENSBOROUG II, N.
m crimes that arr eiiornmus in the high
est deuree, and commuted with every
possible aggravation- . Jf
UpperJiptic Affections. Diseases, of
an upper-lip-tic character, have become
go prevaleut in New York, that we are
in ch surprised the attention of profes
siunal men hsnot been moie partic ular
U directed lb :"lfie subiect. We ourselves
"have seen some violent and frightful,ca
ses of this disease, and we a re sorry to
see some of our friends at this time pre
senting incipient sjjnptoins of anttack.
The individualsiinoscommorVly 11m? sub
jects of it are man milliner's 'prentice
hoys, tailors incog., foreign vagabonds,
and 'young men living on their means.
The first symptoms" are an ercasite xreah
ties in the head, accompanied with ecu-.-attoiw
of emptiness. The patients fre
quently become excited io an alarmi ng
d.jgrxe.oft the subject of their personal
iippearance. In this state of feeling
their 'notions of beauty take the most ex
travagant turn imaginable, and h ad l hem
utio all kinds of display. The most re
innkable, however, of all the dtvelope
ir enis of thiVaffection, is the brealnng
out of a quantity of h iir on the vpper
lip. It is on this account that this dfs
ease has (ceived the scientific appella
tion of upper-lip-tic. The rationale of
.uc disease is not well understood. A
ost moitem examination was sometim.
a"o had unon a person who died with,
not rthis di?e "e, but owing to peculiar
eireuuistances, very little satisfaction
was discow.red. As usual in such ca
ses, the brain was wauling, and the heart
rvresented a small shriveled appearance
O.i dissecting the lip it was discovered
that ihe individual, for some mystrrioin
iitirpose, had chosen lo assume an upper
I p-t ic symptom by sticking a bunch ol
hair upon his lip with soittp glutinous
substance. A little common sense oc-
cHsionallv used, with tho proi-ssional as
distance of the barber, will If ct a pee-
lv cure in most instmices.7 iV. 1 . Sun
day Morning Xeics.
From the tthrtetittn Obsertcr.
. . , ..l..taw?M-:stxd - -
ORIGIN OF MOHMOXISM.
At ihe request of some of our readers,
we re-publish a well authenticated ac
fount of the origin of Vjrii!oni,Hi,
vhiei was ins: rte m the Religious T I-
graph ntid Ohetver on the Dili of May
hrst. This account of one of the gross,
est religions impositions of our times,
Was COIlimurilcaieil hi on; uu-miu
der nv Rev. John Storrs, ued. r date of
Ho'.lislon, .M.iss., April Hi h, His
li tter to tho E 'liior of that p.ip r is as
follows:
Dear Sir, As tho pastor of the Con
gregational church and society in this
town, I have had occasion to come in
contact with Mar monism in its grossest
forms. ("o;is. qu( tilly, I have been led
o make inquiries relative to its origin,
irrogresd, and so far as they have any,
the peculiar sentiments of its votaries.
My object in this has been, as a faithful
pit-tor, so fir as possible to arrest the
nrogress of what I deem to be one of the
rankest delusions ever palmed on poor
human nature. However, not supposing
that the readers of ihe Recorder wouhl
he inferested in the details of Mormon
ism in general, I send you for publica
tion in vour valuable periodical the fol
lowing coii'inuniraiioii, as a paper of un
usi.al importance, giving a o rtified, suf
ficiently well attested and true account
of ihcorgin of the " Book f Mormon"
or "Golden Bible," as it is sometimes
called, on which the whole system main
l v depends. And here pel haps it should
he said, that the leaders of the delusion
ptetend thai the book wns dugout of the
ground, where it had been deposited for
many centuries; that it was wriUen on
certain metallic plates, in a peculiar
character or hieroglyphic ; that the fin
der, a man' of money digging memory,"
who was' accustomed to look into the
ground by the aid of a peculiar stone,
whs in a similar manner enabled to -.read
and translate it ! . Hence what is some
times called the Mormon Bible. But
not such its origin, according to the fol
lowing communication :
The occasion of" the communication
coming into my hands, is as follows:
Having heard, incidentally, that there
was a lady in Monson, Mass., whose hus
band, now dead, was. the author of the
book, I requested in a note, Rev. D. R.
Austin, Principal of Monson Academy,
to obtain of her, for my benefit, and to
be used as I should think proper, a cer
tified account of its origin with her hus
band ; for the character of which lady,
I wished the venerable Dr. Ely and him
8' If t avouch. The following highly
satisfactory document cme in reply.
" Yo'i are requested to insert it in tho
Recorder, not so much because it fHII
interest ihe majority of your readers, but
that the facts well attested may-be-laid J
up'in memory, and the number of your
piper containing them being kept, may I
afford tho. means to an enlightened com-1
munity, towfute so great an imposition
on the world. I would not only respect
fffllvbesD?tk its wnbrrcation in ihe Re
,t. 1. m r tilinr nfirutra
were published throughout ahe land j for
1 woild it
TUESDAY, MAJIG II 17,
. , . j . - . - ,
many Mormons are-straggling. through
out the country, endeavoring to propa
gate their notions; and with sotne suc
cess, with a peculiar class of people.-
The origin of Ibis pretended revelation
being thus completely authenticated , may 1
save many minds from delusion, fanatU
cism, and ruin.
Yours, respectfully,
Joll ST0R119.
Origin of the " Book of Mormon," or
" Golden Bible."
As this bonk has excited much,attcn-
tjon and has been put, by a certain new
sect, in the place of the sac rd Scrip
tures,.! deem it a duty wnicti i owe io
the public, td stale what I know touch
ing ios origin. Tltht its claims to a di
vine origin are wholly unfounded, needs
no proof to a mind unpervcrted by the
grossest delusions. That any sane per
soil should rank it higher than any other
merely human -compositum,-- a matte r
of the Greatest astonishment: yet it is
received as divine by some who dwell iu
enlightened New England, and even by
those who have sustained the character
of devoted christians. Learning recent
ly, that Mornionism has found its way in
to a church in Massachusetts, and has
impregnated some of its members with
its gross delusions, so fliat excommuni
cation has become necessary. I am de
termined to delay m lot, ger doing -what
I can to strip the mask Ironi this mon
ster of sin, and lo lay open this pit of a-
bomtnations.
1I1W1U IIUIIO. . , .
Rev. Solomon Spauhltng, to whom I j sCi:i'' s.gne.I by Messrs. Henry
-. - i ; ... 1,(7. .....alatid Aaron right, an: others,
was united in marriage in iuNV nn , was
a graduate of Dartmouth College, ami t
was distinguished for a lively imagina
tion and a great fo.idiu ss for history.
At the tune of our mar nr. re, he resided
in Cherry V.lleyt N. Y. From this piaci
we n-inovi d to N(-w Safem, Ali l.. it-1 .
eountv, Ohio; sometimes called Connc
sut. Miortlv after our removal to lb s
place his henr'th -srrnk; and hv wirs lanl-a
side fiom active l.ibors. In the town of
New Salt in, there are numerous mounds
and forts, supposed by many to be the
delapidattd dwellings and fortifications
of a t tree now extinct. -Thrye ancient
relxai. arrest the aitcutton cLlhe. jmjw.
si tilers, and In come objects of research
for the eurtfus.
Numerous iinpletiients were found and
other nr ich s tvincing great skill in tin
arts. Mr. Spauldiiighemg an educated
man ai.d passui.iately fond of history,
tek u livi-W iU;r2t in these dcvulope
un nts of antmuitv ; and in order to be
guile the hours of retirement and furnish
employment fe.r his Iim,1 imagination,
he ei iei ii d the idea of giving i7.'J his.
toric.r!' d'tch of this Ian? feat rare.'
Their ( xtieme nnliq dty of course would
'cad li'in to write in the most ancitnt
style, an i as the Old Te-danmit is the
most ancient book in the world, Jie imi
tated its stylo as nearly as possible.
His sole ibj.rt in writing this historical
romance v. as to. amuse himself and his
ii, ighlu r--. This was about the yeai
1812. D ili's surrender at Detroit, oc
cuircd near ihe same time, as I recollect
the dale well from that circumstance
Ashe proiesed in his narrative, tin
neighbors would come in from time to
time to hear portions read, nnd a great
interest in the work was excited among
them. Irrla.iiii d 10 h.iVe' been Written
by one of the (ost nation, nd to have
been recovered' from the earth, and ns
sumed Ihe title of" Manuscript Found."
The neighbors would often iurpiin; how
Mr. S. progress' d in deciphering " the
manuscript," and when he had a suffi
cient portion prepared ho would inform
them, and they would assemble to hear
it read. He was enabled from his ac
quaintance with the classics and ancienl
history, to introduce many singular
names, which were particularly noticed
by the people, and. could be easily re
cognized by thorn. Mr. Solomon Spa u -ding
had a brother, Mr. John Sj mlding,
residing in the place at the time, wlw
was perfecriy famihar with this -work,
and repeatedly heard the whole of it read.
From New Sa!em, we. removed to
Pittsburg, Pa. Here -Mr. S. found an
acquaintance and friend, in the person,
ol Mr. Patterson, an editor of a newspa
per. He exhibited his manuscript to
Mr. P ,r who was very much pleased
with it, and borrow d it for pet usal. lie
retained it a long time, nnd informed
Mr. S. that if ho would mako out a title- j
page and preface, he would publish it,
and it might be a- -rce of profit. This
Mr. S. refused to do, for reasons which I
cannot now state. Sidney itiguon, wn
has figured so largely in tho history ol
th- Mormons, was at ti is time connect
ed with the printing ohice ot Air. I itter
son, as is well known in that region, and
as Rigdon himself has frequently stated.
Hero he had amide opportunity lo become
acquainted with Mr. Spaulding's inarm
script, and to copy it if he chose. It
was A matter ol - notoriety nna interest
to all who were' connected with the
printing establishment.. At length the
manuscript-was returned to its author,
arid sm n after we removed to Amity,
Washington: Co., Pa., where Mr. b. de
ceased in 1 810. The manuscript then
fell into ---TOy'hari?r',J-'iv8-:care-ftt"Ft
preserved. It has frequently nren cx-
nrsncd by my datishterf Mrs. Mclvens-ih
1840,
I... -et.iL- in... ,;ih ,h,n InAwJcanable of 'rising-above the narrow pre
reside, and by other friends. After the
" Book of Mormon' came out, a copy
of it was taken to New -Salem, the place
of Rr. J?pauldingfa former residence, and
the very place where the .'-Manuscript
Found" was written. A womun preach
er appoinled a meeting there, and io the
meeting read and repealed copious ex
tracts from the -'Book of Mormon."
The historical pan was immediately re.
cognized by all the older inhabitants, as
the identical work of Mr. S.,' in which
tliei had been so deeply interested'ycars
before. Mr. John Sp iulding was pre
sent who is ah eminently pious man, and
recognized perfectly the work of his bro
ther. II was amazed and afflicted, that
it should have been perverted to su wick
ed a purpose. His grief found vent in a
flood of tears, and he arcsc on the spot
and expressed in live meeting his deep
sorrow and regret, that the writings of
his sainted brother should he used for a
purpose so vile and shocking. T!; ex
citement in New Salem becanu so great,
that the inhabitants had a meeting, and
deputed Dr. Philastus llurlbut, one of
their number, to repair to this place, and
'to obtain from me the original manu
sciipt of Mr. SpaUding, for the purpose
of comparing it. with i he Mormon Bible,
to satisfy their own minds, and to pre
vent their friends from embracing an er
ror so delusive. This was in the year
Dr'. Hurlhut brought with him ati
introduction, arid requ ,t for the manu-
Lulu
a. f.l .l II
' , .,
Wlioni l was ui.qiiiiiicu, t a iiiey ivtiu iiir
in ighboas wiieti 1 resided in Aew aleln.
I am sure that nothing could grieve
mv husband more, were he living, tha.-
the use which has hern made of this
work. The air of antiquity which was
thrown bou't the composition, doubtless
suggested the idea cf converting it to
purposes of delusion. Thus au' histori
cal romance, with the addition of a few
pious expressions and extracts from the
sacred Scjipures, has been construed in
to a new Bible, and palmed off upon a
company of pout, deluded ..fanatics as. dj
vine. I have given tho previous brief
narration, that this work of deep decep
tion and wickedness may be searched to
the foundation, and ils author exposed to
the contempt and '.xccratioii he so justly
deserves.
MATILDA DAVIDSON
Rev. Solomon Spaulduig was the first
husband of the narrator of the above hi?
lory. Since his decease, she bus been
tit i r r i i d to a second husband by the name
of David on. She is now residing in this
place; iw a Svotnan nFirreproachable cria r
acter, and an humble Christian, and he r
testimony is worthy of implicit confi
dence. A. Ei.y, D. D., Pastor of Cong.
Church Monson.
D. R. Austin, Pricipal of Monscn
Academy.
Mention Mass., April 1st. lq39.
HARRISON AND KOSCIUSKO.
The opponents of Gen. Harrison, (says the
"Yeoman") when hard run for arguments u
gaitist him, undertake to disparage his un
derstanding, and pronounce him a man of
&eblo powers of intellect .Jf his despatches
during the last War, a Hd his Letters and
Speeches while in the national councils be
examined impartially, it will be, fburid that
the charge is wholly groundless and utterly
ridiculous. The extracts we published in
our first number, from his Vincinnes Speech,
wold have done credit, in point ofcorrcctness
and elegance of expression, and in power of
thought, to any public man. in the country.
We take pleasure in submitting another spe
cimen of his ability as a public speaker, and
of his affectionate regard for the votaries of
freedom throughout the world. The death
ofthe Polish Patriot, Kosciusko, having been
announced a hero who had assisted in the
War of IndependenceGeneral Harrisoirpro
posed a suitable tribute to his memory, and
on the 20th January, 1813, sustained his Re
solution by the following eloquent remarks in
the House of Representatives of the United
States:
M SpriKEn: The public papers
have announced an event which is well
calculated to excite the sympathy of ev-,
erv American bosom, itosciusco, the
martyr of liberty, is no more! He are
informed that he died at Soleure, if
France, some time in October last. In
iracinrr the events of this great man's ;
life we find in him that consistency oil
conduct which is tho more to be admired
as i is so rarely to be met with. He
wt 3 not at one time the 'Viend of rnakind,
and at. another the instrument of their
oppression; but he preserved throughout
his whole career thoac noblo principles
which distinguished him in its com,
mencometit, which influcnced lum at an
early period of his life, to leave his coun
try, and his frinds.and in another hemis
phere to fight for the rights of humanity.
'Kosciusko was bofn and educated in
Poland, of a noble and distinguished fam
ilva coVmtrv where the distinctions in
TOcietys are? pcrheps camed-tfK pi eater
lengths than in any o'.hcr. His Creator
had, hcwGVerCttdcr.ed him ,r. Uh n eoul
NUMBER'S.
3
jud.ces of ac.st, an4 breaking the abae
(63 which a vicious education A
posed on his mind. Whoa very young-,
he was informed by tho voico of famo
that the standard of liberty had been
erected irt America; that an insulted and
oppressed people had, determined to be
free or perish io the attempt. His ardent
and generous mind caught, with entho
siasm, the holy flame, and from that mo
ment he became tho detoteJ soldier cf
liberty. His rank in the American army
afforded him no opportunity greatly to
distinguish himself. Bat he was remark
ed throughout, bis service, for all tha
'qualities which adorn the human charac
ter. His heroic valor in the field, could
only bo equalled by bis moderation aad
affability in the walks of private life-- -He
waa idoli.ed by the soldiers for his
bravery, nnd beloved . and rispecled .bL.
the cflieers for the goodness of his bscri,
and the great qualities of his rr.ir.c'.
Contributing greatly, by hie exertions,
:o the establishment of the Independence
of America, he might have reinair.ec.a.id
shared the blessings it dispense under
(he prot-clion of a chief who lovtd and
honored him, 'and in the bosom of a grate
ful and affectionate people. Kosctu!;
had, however, other views. It is not
known that, until the period I am speak
ing of, he h.id ,fonned any distinct idea
of w!:jt could or indeed what ought to
o done lor Ins own. but in tac rovo-
luticuiary war he drank ueepiy ri in?
priitCIples which produced it. In h:S
conversation w ith ihe intelligent men cf
our country, he acquired new views of
the science of government nnd the rights
.,f man. He had seen too, that lo U
free, it was only necessary that a cation
s!:ou!d will it, and lo be happr, it whs
ii-ilv in cessarv that a nation should ho
... j ... . j ...
tree. And was n not possinie io pro.
these blessings lot i oianus tor iuwul,
the country ol his birth, which hod ;i
claim to all his efforts, to all his servi
ces? ' That, unhappy nation groamd un
der a complication of evtls which raa
scarcely a parallel in history." The mass
of the people were the abject slaves- cf
ifie iioDles the nobles; torn tftto faction
wefc afteinatety thrinstfumenrs and th
victitns of their powerful and ambitious
neighbors. , By intrigue, corruption and
force, some of its fairest 'provinces bat!
been seperatcd from the Republic, and
the people, like-'beasts transferred to for
eign despots, who were again Watching
for a favorable moment for a second dis
mcmbi rmeut. Ttf regenerate a pcojdi?
thus debased lo obtain for a country
thus circumstanced, the blessings of li
tjtir t x . ami and eptin.de nc va s ,a..v' orlt., .M
as niiich difficiKty as dangrr. But to a
iitind like Kosciusko's, the difficulty, end
danger of an enterprise served as slirntj.
Jams to undertake it.
The annals of thcSe times give tis no
detailed account of the progress of Kos
eiusko in accomplishing his great work,,
from the period ot his return from Ame
rtca to the adoption of the newconstita
lion of Poland, in 179K This interval;
however, of apparent inaction, .vas most
useTully employed, to illuminate thta
mental darkness which enveloped hf a
countrymen to stimulate the ig.:orant
and bigoted peasantry with tbc hope rf
future emaucipalioQ to teach a proud
but gallant nobility that true glory is on
ly to be found in the paths of duty and
patriotism.- Interests the most approved,
prejudices the moststubborn, and habiti
the most inveterate, were reconciled,
dissipated and broken, by the ascendan
cy of his virt ies, and example. T(if
storm which ho had foreseen, and fer
which he had been preparing, at length
hurst upon Poland. A feeble and un
popular government bent before its fury,
and submitted itself to the Russian yoke
of the invader. But the nation disdain
ed to follow its example; in their extremi
ty, every eyo wa9 turned on the hero who
hud already fought their battles th
Lsage whohad.enligbtened them, and. tho.
patriot who had set toe example ot per
sonal sacrifices to accomplish the eman
cipation of the people.
Kosciusko was unanimously appointed
geueralissimq of Poland, with unlimited
powers, until the enetr y should be clmert
from the country. Ou his virtue the na-
( lion reposed with the utmost confidence:
and it is some consolat.on to. reflect,
amidst the general depravity of mankind ,
that two instances, in tn.-same age, nav
i occurred, where powers of this kind Tver
employed solely for the purposes far
which they were given. v
it is noi my inteuuon, uir, io iwiuw
the Polish chief, throughout the Career
of victory which, for a considerable time,
crowiu J his efforts. Guided by his ta?'
ents, and led by his valor, his undiscip
lined and illy armed militia charged
with, effect the veteran Russian and
Prussian: the mailed cuirassiers of tho
great Frederick, for the first time, brofc
and fled, before Ihe lighter and appro.,
ptojiriate cavalry of Poland. Hope filled
the breast of the patriots. , After a long
pight, the dawn of an apparently flori
onaday broke upon Poland. But to the
discerning eye of Kosciusko, thcr-light
which it sheiL was of that iethfcrnl p
lentous appcarar.ee indicaiinjlT starov
more drcadfalthan that Trhich hhatirc