'' "v
VOLUME VIII.
GREENSBOROUGH, yOKTlGAROLlNA, JUNE 20, 1846.
NUMBER 12
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' I m M IKK I ' J M I V HI : 111 I I', IHI 4 I M I
17
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" i " "" ' .
REMARKS OF 91 R. HEXTO.Y,
IIk U. 8.5 Srnatr, June 1st, in reply to Mr. Cass,
ON THE OKEGON -QUESTION.
Mr. Benton spoke about an hour in reply to
Mr. Cass. , He asked bim if he bad been engag
ed in the sport of the fox-chase ?
St. Cass made a negative sign with his head.
, Mr. Benton. Norl either :; "but I have learnt
' one of the : rules of the sport, which is, never to
attempt to ride on both sides of the sapling. The
-Senator from Michigan serins lo have been ignor
ant of this rule, at least politically ; for he is on
both sides of Greenhow washing his hands of
him' in the beginning of his speech, holding fast
to him in the end. Air. B. said he should spend
tio lime on the Utrecht treaty, but he would say
there, were two sets of commissaries to be appoint
ed under the tenth article of that treaty one to
'determine boundaries between the French Cana
dian and the British Hudson Bay territories, the
other to determine them between French Canada
I and the Brilibh Alanlic colonics in tho south.
The former was to be done in a year; the latur
without limitation "to" time." (Jbrnmissanes acted
under lhefirsli they failed to agree under the
'irei ami ih.u tivn ni rniiimi.iri'S art f.nn-
foundedijby Mr. Greenhow and his followers.
'Charlevoix speaks of these latter commissaries as
being appointed in I71D six years after the trea
ty of Utrecht and discharged in 17112, without
having come to any agreement. These two are
confounded, and what Charlevoix says of the lat
ter i applied to the former. Such an error as this
is so gross as to show that there is entire confusion
in the ideas of those who speak upon the subject.
Mr. B. complained that the Senator from Michi
gan bad slipped over all the strong proofs which
he had adduced upon the line of Utrecht, such as
the King's map, Jeffries's Geography, the exclu
sion of the British for fifteen years from Louisiana,
t v virtue of that line, and the relusal of the liriiish
. .Ministers to take anv notice of their comnlaints.
' ' But Ir. B. would not quit the great point be
- fore thSenate, to go into an argument about ihe
line of UtfechtrJ-'be-point before-theSenate-
Vwai n declaration of title, on the nart of the Uni
ted States, to t razer s river and us valley, known
as .New Ualedonia, and, as such, occupied by the
British without question since 1800. Mr. B. said
this was the great question ; for it ra3 a question
of peace or war, and a war upon a mistake a
blunder geographical and political. The blun
der wat that the United Slates fead a line with
Russia, dividing tho country with her from the
sea to the Rocky Mouutains, and that all the coun
try on, this side was ours. This was the political
blunder. The geographical blunder was in rela
Uion to Frazer's river and its valley, colled by the
'British New Caledonia, and which was assnmed
to be ff part of our Oregon. There was no such
line, and no such extension of out Oregon. The
Russian line was in the sea, and Confined to the
islands. Frazer's river and its valley, covered
with British establishments since the year 1800,
"covered the country from 65 to 19. These
were the facts. But the nTty-four-forties, upon a
mistake as to the Russian line, and upon a mis
'take as to Frazer riVer, set out to take that entire
river and valley from the British) and, therefore.
4o involve us in war, and that ignorantly and un
justifiably, withGreat Britain. Their double er
ror had been shown ; the readings of the treaties
with Russia and Great Britain detected this dou
ble error. The gentlemen who had led the coun
try into error, who had prepared them for u war
upon a mistake, instead of retracting it, had this
day taken their course to persevere in it ! Ami
what was war upon mistake before, now became
'war upon design, and without a pretext. Mr. B.
said, without a pretext ; for the Senator from
Michigan, in a speech of or. hour and a half this
day, with an instinctive dread of the fatal point,
never once mentioned Frozer's river ; never once
"TSeiftiol ventu red"
to assert that the United States had one particle
of claim to tnat British possession. Yet he would
still adhere to 54 40V which includes it; and
thus, by inference, go to war for what he could
not everi venture to name,.
Mr. B. said it was a 'case to try the fart'liy of
Eoor human nature. The great organ, nd five
undred small ones following its notes, and many
ten thousand tongues, had proclaimed the 54 40
line, and our right up i to "it ; and, thus acting up
on ano patriotic feetfmgs of the people, had pre-
ared-ihem toM-war -wun JjreaUirjtaifl lot ihaLl
linef w herr there -was noauch thing t -and for Fra-
. -zer s river,' on this side of it, without knowing it
was there.-" The people had bee, n led into error ;
inflamed to the war-point upon a mistake; and
mow, when the mistake was showp, the tug of
othcri war came upon poor human nature. To
admit ihu error and ask pardon of God and man,
Avus the put of justice and candor; but wai hu
j initiating to vanity, and self-lov?, and the pride of
consistency.' ., lo persevere in this error, alter it
"TfraS. deteftedywat thirairof 4ttimatircfriiihYf and
the Senator from Michigan, on the part of his
' ' giarty, has obeyed the law of frailly : he has per
severed in error: he converts into design what
Ayas in the beginning a mistake ! v,We are now
: o have tvar, as far as the Senator and his party
can make it, upon design, and without' pretext!
., for he could not; name Frazer's river, which 'is
the sole object, and would be the instant cause of
war. . ' i..; : :
-jAnd how doesTli Senator conduct bis new de
sign? By endeavoring to make me a fifiy-fuur-,
forty man ; by reading'mutilated scraps, cut out
from my speeches, torn from their context, and
'made, by mutilation arid false application, to ap
ply to 3 1 40 on the continent, when' i applied
it to the islands ; making it apply to New Cajedo
Tiia, when 1 spokeit of ihe valley of the Colum
bia: I had occasion to cut some of the fifiy-four-toH:es,for
tho simples ' wheir I spoke some
S'ays Ago. and must now do it again but. first ex--.P!"
lraiion. as it is only understood iiji the
l V " ''s frpr.'i" liorsu ourgery cutting a
hore a jjyvs tor the hooks; Tho hore is subject
' . to a disease of "the: in'ors6!f.thiMT :liLi ;riar...rr:
'.i1!?11 blinds Jhiiii
I L ' "
land, jvijcu emolUiintremudk-b
'fail, the knife is applied, diseased part cut away,
and then the animal sees clear. So of the sim
ples. The aliusion is metaphorically to the cut
ting for the hooks, and is to make a simpleton see
clear, by opening his eyes to what he did not see
before. All these caterers for the -Senator ; all
these spare hers among my did speeches, may
look out when they re .worth 'it, for the operation
of being cut for the simples. Of course, the op
eration cannot be performed on a Senator.
i A line has beeu cut from one of my speeches
in which 5 1J 40' is mentioned, wiihoOt 'continen
tal prefixed. The Senator from Michigan grave
ly parades that line to-day to make me an advo
cate for 54 40' lo the mountains. In fifty- pla
ces in the tame spee ch the existence of such a
line was denied and ridiculed. Yet the senator,
to dt'ce'iVe the people unacquainted with the sub
ject, to keep up a delusion, instead of admitting
his own error, endeavors to make me an accom
plice in hiserrorr T Well, if he wants my autho
rity, he shall have it, and that is, that there is no
such 'line, and never was s, that the honest feelings
-of the people have been misled, their patriotism
excited about a nonentity, ana a war provoked for
what has no existence. I tell him this, if he
wants to quote my authority. Let him confess
his error, and recant, if he 'wants my opinions.
I give them to Mm freely, and when tb-y may
be of service to him. If an individual rs leading
two neighbors to a quarrel, and a fight, upon "a
mistake, beis bound to acknowledge the mistake
as soon as ho finds it ocrt, and go and slop the dis
cord which he has created. This 'is -the course
among mere individual. How m'tfch stronger
when the quarrel is to be between nations, and war
the consequence t The Senator and his party
the big organ, and those which have followed ils
notes have been leading the country to a war
with Great Britain upon a mistake, upon a blun
der, upon an ignorance of treaties and geography. I
The mistake has been exposed by reading the j
treaties and producing the geography. Instead
of admitting the error the Senator from Michi- '
gan, for himself and friends, perseveres in m I
and thus w-bst rvss mistake in the beginning be- j
comes design a design to have a war with Great '
liritain, without daring to name the pretext; tor
Frazer'a river, or New Caledonia, are words not ;
to be cot out of their mouths. They will go to
war for them, 'bat not mame them, much less
state a title to them. In the nane of all that is
reasonable, why not state their claim to Frazer's
river? I have stated the. British title, and am
not ashamed nor afraid to do it, no more than I
should be to state their title to Canada, and it is
as clear in one xaseaa ihe other. The British
f discovered that tivet in -i?)3, settled it -in 1800,
covered it over with establishments from head to
mouih, from 55 to 49, and had it so covered
when we treated with Spain in IS It). Spain
never claimed it, never sold it to us, never saw . ly statesmen, without exception, who negotiated
nor heard of the river ; and all the statesmen who the treaties which gave us Louisiana and the Span
made the Spanish treaty rawiediately yielded ' isli claims to Northwest America. I tell them
Frazer's river to Gteat Britain, from head to , that the British claim to Frazer's river is precisely
mouth, from 49 to 55. Irrefragable documents the same with our own to the Columbia. And 1
prove mis, anu i nave heretofore snowrmnem to
the Senate. This is the British title, admitted by
Mr. Monroe and his Cabinet in loSJ, stuteu from
their acts a few days ago. Now, let the Senator
state the American claim to the same. Let him
only State it. He does not attempt it. He es
chews the fatal sound of Frazer's river, and of the
forty Biitish posts upon it, but still wants the peo
ple to believe it is theirs, and to go to war lor it
i say war ! tor any attempt on our part to take
the Brittsn establishments on Frazer'sriver would ;
be followed by waras quickly and as justly as an
attempt to take their towns in Canada. This is
dreadfal. We are the American Senate, acting ',
. L .... .if .L. . . 1 - c - . :. .. I
iii ine eyes oi tne presem age anu oi prosperity
and pon a crent responsibility, liy our acts
war may be made, and we are bound by every
sacred and every human obligation to make no
mistake in bringing so great a calamity. War is
a calamity in itself a war upon a mistake is n
double calamity ; but a war upon design, and af- ! calamities of a war upon mistakes and blunders,
ter tWe mistake is detecled,i3 a calamity for which j I rely upon the equity and intelligence ofthepeo
rbere is no name. It rises to the magnitude of I pie, and cive defiance to ignorance, malice, and
the greatest crime. I read the treaties which
showed the mistake, I thought it very probable
ihe fifty-four-forties had never read the Russian
treaties, and lid not know what they said. I
prod weed the geographies to instruct them in Fra
zer's rivet, for I thoucht thev were isrnorant of it
......... .0.., , j. -
rd -forrhe result. IrrfacrtTvaited long, and un
til delay wa dangerous, before I could venture
to set them right. I knew the frailty of pew hu
man nature, and that, irstead of thanks, resent
ment would more probably be my reward.
Well, it has come -a personal attack on myself
reading mutilated scraps, furnished by caterers,
to show me inconsistent, and then not able to ta
1 lll all f l'riv "MYhHlirrmtv -1n(?TTllnMv: """I ivn.it. I
it. iNot able to help out thejr miserable decep
t ion even by any words culled from my innumer- '
able speeches, and mutilated lor the purpose, ana reliel until meir cases are eeyooa tne reacn oi re
then misapplied. What was said of islands .ap- j medics. Some facts came under his observation
plipxl in mniinpnis ; what was said of the Colum-, which went very far toshake his confidence ne-biariver-annlied
to New Caledonia; what was ' ver very creat in m ed icaTtlieOrteST-Tlvenin i ve r-
said of the Oregon rivpr applied to Frazer's river.
Miserable perversion every where, to turn me a
gainst myself, and make me a party to the decep
tion of the peopie. ... J
The Senator picked a hole, or thought he pick
ed a hole, in a word of mine, in one of my speech
es, and a very short word the word " all." I
said all the statesmen of twenty and forty years :
ago left Frazer' river to Great Britain, and of-;
l'ered to" divide by 49". He defiles lh6 "all,"
and instances thu MrMonrbe s administrauonlin
IS'-MolTl-red 51. That is beautiful! I read vou.
in sundry places,, that they offered 49 as a first !
proposition, anu upon a principle known lo be er
roneous and to he rejected, to be followed iinmcJi
a t e I y ty the offer ol 40" ;,,wtiicliwSs doncTaSd7
in fact, ns good as agreed to by Mr. George Can
ning, the Prime Minister. Yes; they oflered
31", and upon objection to if offered 40 ; but by
leaving out the 40. the Senator from Michigan
undertakes to pick a hole in may "till." . If he
had done it, it would have. been nothing ; but he
has not done it," and I noW repeat and reaffirm
my assertion, and invite him to put all tho cater
ers to jivork to find an errorih it if they can. I
alirm that every 'American statesman of twenty
and forty years ago Mr. Jefferson nnd Mr. Madi
son in ISO?, Mr. Monroeand his Cabinet iu
to divjdo by 40, leaving- Frazer's n'ver wholly to
the British, and that because it belonged to them.
'This is the' Senate of the United 'States a
place for grave nlrespchsibte "deliberation..'' Npt
' : r .. . I. . T '1- j . e ' -' I '
a piUCe tor errorsjAr-uie wierauon pi errors, out
for the correction o. errors, l uo people have .been
mttk-dgTosaly' and 'widely 'tjkdiorn.tute. corhforfs ;" and aijiother, -appropriating' $2,-
at first, as we were bound tobelieve ; designedly
now, as ,we painfully see The fifty-four-forty
line never existed. The treaty proves it '; yet
its existence is -still alarmed, to mislead the unin
formed, and to save the misleaders from the mor
lificalion of exposure.
I have nerformed a nainful dutv. I waited
long before I would undertake it. To make head
against a mass of error to set a nation right that
had been led astray was a herculean task, but I
have ventured upon it, and 'flo flfli "reo-ret it. The
people may 'be left astray, but they do not love
error. They loVe truth and justice ; and if there
is no 51, 40, as there is not, they do not want to
fight for it. IfFrazer'sTrveT'be'iongs to the British,
as it does, they do not want to take it away from
her. The people are just, and tetfl'y to act on
Jackson s great mixrm : Ask nothing bitt
what is kioiit scbxit to notiii.no that is
WRONO.
The people have nothing but their country to
take care of; and they want nothing but right
andjustice. Politicians have themselves to take
"cure of, and country and people are subordinate
considerations. Was ever the like seen of that
which we have witnessed I A people led to the
verge of war about a line that did not exist
without misleaders ever reading the treaty which
was supposed to establish it ! A river of a thous-
I and miles in length, covered with sefclers 'for forty
I u . I : u :
years upun a, tviiiioui Knowing iucii a river was
there! And when The treaty and the river was
produced, and the mistakes shown, instead of con
fession and repentance, resentment and attack up
on him who exposes the error, attd saves the coun
try from 'senseless, ignorant, 'unjustifiable war.
The misleaders may act thus : not so the people.
They will rejoice at their deliverance from de
lusion ; they will shudder to think they have been
lt d to the verge of war upon the mistake of a
treaty, and a blunder in geography. And 1 am
ready to abide their judgment upon my correction
of this mistake, and their perseverance in them
after they were exposed. This day has been the
most humiliating of my Senatorial life. 1 have
fell Tor the American Senate when I have seen
member clinging to error, and endeavoring to j
keep ihe people ui eTror, even at the risk of war,
by endeavoring to do away ihe plain words of a
treaty ; by garbling and mutilatingscrapsofspcech-
! es to depreciato another Senator-rwhen the great
j question was one of the peace and honor of the
country, in the presence of which every selfish
; feeling should have stood abashed end rebuked,
I I tell the people there is no such line as 5 1 40s
I from the sea to the mountains. I tell them that,
so far as such a line was ever proposed by the A-
merican Government, it was proposed as a northern
line for the British, and not as a northern line for
ourselves. I tell them that 496 Was offered by
Mr. Jefferson, by Mr. Monroe, and by all the ear-
say to them mat, wnoeversays tne contrary oi mis
will be henceforth a wilful deceiver... 1 make j
: great allowance for ignorancu lor the mistakes of
igflorance but ignorance ought to be docile, and
surrender on conviction. I make a broad distinc
tion between the wilful and the ignorant deceiver,
and a broader one still between the deceivers and
the deceived. The former are generally few, the
latter many the former aie wore or less culpa-
ble, the latter always innocent, ui tne
nay millions tvho have propagated the
myriads
error of I
51 40', all but few were the innocent repeaters of
what came to them in a way that they could not
doubt it. AH these will rejoice to be relieved from
. i . i r ...
ihtft error. Instead of celline anerv wo me,
iTrey win ujuuk tneiin viiu iruuuiu i iukc to st'i uruin
right. They Want nothing bt -truth and justice.
and I thank God that I have the courage to give
it to them, regardless of all earthly consequences.
I am right. 1 speak to save my country from the
misrepresentation
When the vote is taken on the instruction which
I have submitted, let the Senator from Michigan
move lo strike out 49 and insert 543 40. We
shall then see the sense of the Senate, and the
country will see who persevere in error, aod con
verts into design what was at first tho mischief of
mistake.
THE YELLOW FEVER IN MEXICO.
Alluding to ihe vomito, or yeWow fever Gen.
Thompson says that according to the estimates of
those most entitled to confidence, less than five
per cent of ihose attacked die. This estimate does
not include tle patients in the hospitals, fcr the
general terror of. being sent to the hospi'.al
is so
great that many are deterred from applying for
sal treatment of yellow fever by the Vera Cruz
physicians, is very simple and certainly not very
unpleasant it is nothing more than cold applica
tion to the stomach and lime jiiice arid sweet oil
given internally ; and this practice is so generally
' successful as to give the result which he has stai- j
successful as to give the res
ed five per cent of deaths.
Thev sav there that 4
calomel is ceruiniy.falal ; but het the other the
-j
calomel side of the question. The prisoners of the
Santa Fe expedition were released on the Kith of
June and arrived at era Cruz in August, where
thev remained more than a month foity five of
ihera were attacked by ihe yellow fever and in
its most malignant from 'as may be well supposed
from their irregular habits and the total destitution
oTatnhemfo
tended bv a nhvsician who belonged lo the expe
dition, and whose practice was to give large doses
of calomel not more than one died.
' . ThotijpsoiCs Mexico.
' ' . -
Scene in- doNciiESS.-There ' ore sometimes
rich scene? exhibited in ihe Hall of the House of
Representatives, which the regular Reporters
shrink from portraying. One of these, advened
lo by-the Alexandria Gazette, occurred last Mon
day,' when ;lhe bilhiiaking certain appropriations
for'ihe territory of Iowa was pending. ' Sir. Felix
Grundy McCounell riot under ihe influence of
ihe Columbian t oui.Uin, (says the Oazelle,) but
of something slronger-proposed sundry amend-
-
mentr, among whic4i was one appropriating
000 tor the erection of a..' public arocery 'lat the
Falls of Niae'nra, and su-pplvlhsit with ihe crea-
nnn nnn m KronL-.i, ... : tr . :. I
a saddler) of ruiu rind foal 'legislation." Some of
the amendments proposed by hitti 'wrte too inde
cent for publication ; and fairm'g in his efforts, at
last, to attract attention or to raise a laugh, (to the
credit of the House, be it said,) he placed his legs
upon his desk, and his head and shoulders upon
the seat of his chair, hifl body resting upon air, and
in this position ho went to tfleep! Jlichmond
Whig.
THE CURSE OF WAR.
The judicious observations below are from the
New York Evening I'ost, a Journal of great abil
ity and high in favor with the Democratic party.
But, Mr. Editor, it is your duty and that of all
good men and patriots, all who wish to preserve it
our people the blessings of peace, not to fan the
flame of war. War is n fearful curse, desolating
in its mtiTCh, and leaving misery in Kstrain. For
MeaVeYTs sake, let us not needlessly rush into the
crushing debt ol a protracted war. When we
look at the "down-trodden millions " of England,
let us remember what has trodden them down ;
when wo contemplate their blighting taxes, let us
consider what has brought those taxes upon them-;
and let us remember that it is the producing class
es on whom the burden of all taxation falls. The
annual taxes of England are about $250,000,000.
Of this sum nearly $150,000,000 is raised to pay
the interest of the accursed legacy of debt created
by her former wars ! The baJance is raised to
pay her army and navy and the tivfl lit ; the lat
ter amounting lo about eighteen cents on the dol
lar of the whole amount of the annua-1 exes.
Surely, if war can be avoided, every 'ConsiAttaiion
affecting the happiness of the people requires that
it should be. .
The paralysis of business since Congress met
has caused a loss of more than three limes all we
claim ns due from Mexico.
The valor of volunteers, the excitement of " Ex
tras, the patriotism ot politician, arw trie con
tracts of commissaries, may all bo very well in
their "way, but they will be a very poor compen
sation for unrewarded industry, and a heavy and
needless load of debt, for a people who chens-h -a
" debt-paying policy." What motivu "have the
Farmers, Mechanics, and other irrdastrious peo
ple cf this Slate, who now find the rewtordsf iheir
steady and compensated industry barely sufficient
for the respectable support and education of their
families what motive have they to shoulder the
added burden of a great war debt, with 4ter own
means greatly lessened by the terra prion oTtrtr-
siness? What consolation will it be to them,
when they find themselves deprived of their pre
sent means, to be told that our troops have revel
led in the "h.ills of the Montezuinos ?" W-ar is
a game for kings to play at with the people 'for
their pawns. But we, who are sovereigns our
selves, may not be used as pawns.
1 hese views are suggested in no spirit ol sub-
mission to wronir. I hey are prompted by no
d by
willingness to submit to inlt or onnrcsvirm-. Wen
jf u sfloald tequire life to resist them. But
ultima rutin of a national war should be with
ih
hheld
so long as there is any hope of amicable
adjust-1
ment. It will be becoming a great, powerful, and
victorious republic again to hold forth the olive
branch in one hand before strikwig another blow
wilh the sword which tire holds tiro tf.frer.
Our example led Mexico to throw off a foreign
yoke,. and to establish free institutions. Torn as
she is by internal dissensions weakened and im
poverished as she is by them wronged as she
feels herself to be by our assumption of territory
wire a she claims we may well afford to be mag
nanimous. to point wit aain to Iter her dtftv, and
. ' o J
gain to offer her peatc.
LOCOFOC01SM AND THE WAlU
We do not recollect when we have seen the
Democratic party as sore upon any subject, as
they are, (and that justly too,) upon that of the wur
with Mexico. They are well aware, tfestfl fit Viad
wot been for ihe bungling awd headlong manner
wilh which they mftiwi'ged the annexation of Tex
as, we should tttil now be at war. The Locofoco
j party know ii is responsible for the blood nd mo
j ney which this useless war has cost the Country.
They know that if our Army had not been order
ed to take possession of -disputed Territory, tke
sound ofttve drum and fife wonld not gpw be heard
from one extremity of the Union to the other.
They know ihal when this question is once brought
before tho American people and rightly understood
by them, Locofocoism is doomed to fall, acd hence
their base attempts here of late, to brand the Whig
parly with being' enemies to their Country at this
time. They may circulate falsehoods as much
as they please, it will and shall not deter us from
.npnL-infT mil nlainlv unon ihi' suhiect ihn pnii.
ments c entertain. We verily believe, that the j
lcwl..r nml hi nnrlv L-nnw Ih-il Ihornnrc
were pursuing would involve tire country mtflrr
but rgardless of their duty, determined to risk it,
hoping it would be a popular niove, nnd secure
them theaeor and support v( ibc people ' for years
to come. This undoubtedly was the expectation ;
but since they have seen that the Whig party is
determined wjight and vote all that is necessary
to carry on the war to bring it to hn honorable
I t- M-.ll. I L"
Bnu 01 1 5a",e " "u
i t r a a nnnai ii i a ii i ni inmrir inn irrun unnn i im
7 " '"""' """' "'i-v -
B. I ho
they nave raisea me juise cry oi treason
the Whips to draw off the attention of the)
i t . i f t .
people lo prevent them if possible, from enquir
ing iv ho brought this calamity upon them, and
what it was done for. This is ihe object of the
Lncofocos. It will Jotig,ood. The People are
already beginning to ask what ore we to gain and
what is it for, oilrcountry'is now at war with
Mexico. And already do we begin to hear the
notes of condemnation issuing from the lips of ina
ny,both men and women who love their country
ns dearly, tiu'd who would in a just cause do as
much for it, as he pamptyrid democracy at Jf'ush
ington. ' '("Carolina Watchman.
CASTLE OF SAN JUaN BE ULLOA.
The first object thnt'slrikes the eye, in approach
ing Vera Cruz by water is the Caslle of San Juan
de UHoa, wilh ihe spires and domes of ihe church
es peering up in the distance behind it. It stands
ulono upon a small cocky Island on orfe .sije of the
main entrance to the harbor, and only about naif
a mile from the wall of ihe city,und consequently
has complete command oi inepon. xneenirjnco
l .l ;. -.. l !... j ...'. .'.-.
IBUr(JjJJIW.ILySLJI,l!!J yj.?'l J1UI1 ) jiij.. ) P ... . p j
favorable weather. - ;V-y, '" -
The castle is circular and
strongly
builv and
heavily mounted. Its pririciphl strength, howev
er, is in Its 'position, inaccessible except by water
and its guns pointing every way, leaving no side
open to the a;tack of an enemy.
The form of the city of Vera Cruz is semicir
cularfronting the sea. It is situated on an arid
plain, surrounded by sand hills, and 'is badly up
plied,wilh water. The chief reliance being upon
TaintoHtcted in cisterns, which are often so poor
ly cons'titucte'a' tft to trnsvver but very little , pur
pose. Thet'mVf resdurceof the lower classes, is
the water of a ditch "so impure as frequently t6 oc
casion disease. An attempt was made, more than
a century ago, lo remedy this evil, by the construc
tion of a stone aqueduct from the river Xampa;
but, unfortunately, aftn- a vety large sum had been
expended on the work.it was discovered tliaVttie
engineer who constructed it had made a fatal mis
lake in not ascertaining the true level, and the
work wss abandoned in despair. ,
. Norman JtamUci.
SUMMER QUARTERS OF THE ARMY OF OO
CUPATION M.NIKICENT PROSPECT.
The Houston (Texas) Telegraph of the 13th of
May says We learn from a private letter thai
Gen. Taylor has expressed a determination to
make his summer quarters at Monterey, and there
is no doubt that with the1 force now under his com
mand, and the volunteers that are hastening to bis
standard that he can establish his summer quar
ters in any part of the eastern provinces of Mexico
that be desires. The valley of Monterey was vis
ited by many of our soldiers, during the federal
war, and they all describe it ns an earthly para
disc; groves of orange, lemons, figs, and pome
gran irtes.s'OrrOund ihe 'city ; and ihe whole valley
which is irrigated by countless rivulets of pure
amd wholesome waters is bat a continuous garden
productiig t-ariotu'k'rrris of vegetables, ind tropi
cal fruits in abundance. Tho climate, however,
in summer, is rather too warm to be agreeable to
pi'isens from the northern -states ; but a short dis
tance, In the elevated plains along the moantains,
the climate, even in midsummer, is cool and salu
brious as that of the Catskill mountains. Even
ihe northern fruits, such as the apple, pear, oic,
ate produced in abundance in ihose elevated re
gions. When our troops once get pleasflirtly lo
cated in that delightful region, they will be very
unwilling to forsake it ; and the glowing descrip
tions they will circulate throughout the Union, will
ere long excite a desire among all classes i lo an
nex it to the United States The stupendous
chain of the -Sierra Mad re is a boundary meet for
a great nation; but the insignificant Rio Bravo rs
only suitable to define the limits of states or coun
lies. -
fX?" The worst feature m the whole aspect of
aflairs involving the interest of this Country, is, ac
cording to our judgment, the grasping disposi
tion ol a large portion of ihe people. They want
more laud, and wherever there is a green spot,
hithenvurd they lurn longing, avoncious eyes,
nnd bend their minds for ils seizure. There
.-ems to oe no stopping to enquire whether the
' pf0!'"1 belongs lo another, whose rights are ea-
cred 1,0 "Abating wan justice and morality, any
i more iud" " mu.- wcie never miuwii.
j We see in the many papers that come to us, that
there are luose lllu country who are itching for
'the-seizure of California, New Mexico, the "nu
I nexatio"" of Yucatan, &c.,&c," whilst "the whole
of Oreg00 or none men, arestill carping. 1 his
shows a lamentable stale of public morals, and it
behoove8 everT gd citizen to do what he can to
counleracl 11 tjilvtt n countenance to the iniqui
tous proJects of seizing another's property, or else
the dayJny come when this vile passion will ex
hibit hself lo tne sorrow of America in acts of vio
lence to pnvate property ainongourselves when
they may hold who pan, and they live who have
the power ofelf defence. ft'atehman.
On inquiring the signification of the names of
the places whkh form the scennes of our recent
victories in the southwest, a friend informs us thit
Palo Alto means High Stake, or High 'limber.
For Kesaca de lajalma, no eiact equivalent can
be given in as many English words : Jlesaca is a
place overflowed by a high tide, or a flood of a ri
ver, and left dry on the fall ; and falma is a palm
ireef so that i'alin Bottom seems to express the
meaning more nearly than any other concise form
of words.
- The town of Matamoras was so called in honor
of one of the early heroes of the Mexican revolu
tion, who, like Hidalgo and Morelos, was a curate,
and like them also was taken prisoner, and exe
cuted by the Spaniards.
The word rancJicro is a Jexicanism. The:
Spanish word runcho means a mess or mess-room;
i and this name being given by the Mexican cattle
keepers to ihe huts at which they ate their meals
fana. SleDl, me.V llieilte uenv wic
name ol r-on-
cheron, and their huts were Culled ranthcrius.
The latter name is, however, also sometimes apt
plied to a farm and tq an Indian village. Union.
A Curious Cas. A letter from Washington
to the Richmond Times; says :
"Ex-Senator-Toppan from Ohio (a Locofoco of
blessed memory) was appointed to inspect and
arrange the miileralogical collections brought
home by the exploring expedition, by a commn
tee of Congress. In almost all cases there are
duplicates. He was ollowed by the committee,
for his services, lo take one of e'ocB provided he
left all the'V'' specimens for deposit here. Like
Hoyt with the Sub-Treasury, however, he locked
' .. .i:. - . tjt.,i. .. -...i .. . tr
Upon US as a me.e jmwn miu nus n-iu uu iu
Ohio all the best specimens for his own use ; na-
king in the operation in a short time, from 'M to j
$--J3000. It was discovered a few diys ago, and
communicated to the committee of Congress who
appointed him, whoiustanlly repealed the resolu
tion givirg the bfhVe. He resigned directly, and i
has . made a bee-line for Ohio in quick time. ,
They can do nothing with him, I suppose, lor it
was simply a breach of privilege
an un'lcrrified Democrat '.
But is'nt he
" Ri'tuerfohd Yoi.i'NTEKns. On Saturday last,
Thirly-Fivt of the Mihtm of the 76ih Heguntnjl
were enrolled 'as Volunteers foriheIexican, War
all of them, ,On to-morrow, the, 78ih
ttegiinent is called out or '.he purpose of giving
others an opportunity oi enrolling ineir names, f
icon, -
Tl....t'r.'ri'l inir,
ireKS and maTerials suntto'Ore'gon j
city uom i. i ..arrireo saieiy, una me pnper i y .
be called the Oregon City C'omsierciar AayeTtiserTsnau uengm to.wt? p-ni.,;.
mox tuk KiLfcion asoitTta.
" A 1fttn, wn e 'hSti travfllcj, has tleen Snmeihinr,
which, wIibii he come hbrhe, he can relate. MooJ Heavens,
Mr. Grundy! how our .oe hua'improved ti'y Ida travel!'
He lua aecn Wliill. btil a Klophant and an Snake! t "
What will out nelghtitfra 'kby a!M'Jde.n--SaVbi,Bs.W;'-
We do not know ivhyVih "im ftatidn of ittes of
the cruft, who seem to consider'thefT''? goings out
and comings in," as of immense importance t6 '
the public, we sho'u'lJ not get forth in print, tihi
send out to our readers for their particular ettiflca
tion, the incidents ot a journey which we have re
cently mnde not to the teat of War on the Rio v
Grande nor even to the Capital of the Union,
whra ) words instead of bullets fly HWick W leaved '
in Vallambrosa" but to the beAuUfui Town of 5
Greensboro', in Guilford County, almost. bO inile
from home. Beautiful, did we call it yes, ws
might say, with the proper change ' Sweet Air
burn1! loveliest village," c eVeYy body knows
the quotation. Chatfn'fffg Svere ihe hours we
paMed there with attached friends. We now
find our heart filled with teeming recollections of
our short but m0 deffhtfral'sdjOotfr. i -
But, it may be asked, what took iis to Greeds
boro' ! We answer, to witness the marriage of a
dear young friend one of the loveliest of her sex.
We have long known and felt, that the true being
and end of woman-kind is love. ' It seems, indeed,
the atmosphere in which she lives,-and moves,
and has her being. In the smile of her hp, in tho
glance of her' eye, in tho soft and bewildering
melody of her voice, rve find bat the seinblarrce
and echoes of the Spirit ef Love. Well may the
Pot strike his lyre in praise of Woman; well,- .
may Warrior rush to the battle-field for her smile;
well may the student trim his lamp lo kindle bet
passionate heart she deserves them all. '-
But descend with us to the bridal Saloon. ,
There stands the Holy man. We proceed ini
order due," and forming that open line, ivbjcn ,
never looks so beautiful as on such an occasion
hear the vows that bind together two willing heartr.
Silks rustle, kisses echo, diamonds gleam, and fai
ry voices murmur around. By the way, some
may suppose that a IJenedkl bath no right to dis
port himself as aforetime, in such flowery fields.
But this is not so. To the right-minded man, all
his enjoyments are increased, on such an occa
sion. The ties that bind him to earth are strength
ened and multiplied; he anticipates, new alTec
Hons and pleasures, which your cold individual,
careering solus through , a valo of tears, wots not
of. I . :.;'.' .
By the way, speiking of tears, reminds us '01
the majesty of a Summer storm which we wit
nessed aLGreenshoroV VVe sat at tne window of
Spleridid mansion ; we saw the far-olTclouds a
rue like giant forms against the horizon, with
spears of fire and tobes of purple and gold'; then,
as by some inddeh alchemy, they melted into a '
mass of solid gloom, from whose bosom the light
ning darted its vivid chain, and (he tain descend
ed in torrents, while itaitoufce ,--
.-j'-i , 'itJ ' -
" Hung 6'ct ho sojjoin landacapf , aitent, dark,.
Frowning and terrible."
But a trdce to episode. We were pleased to
find Greensboro' a much larger, and more ousi-ness-like
place than we had any idea of, though
we might have known from the enterprising char
acter mils leading citizensthat where their ener
gies were exerted, there could be no such word as
fail. Greensboro has a population of more than
2,000 souls, including the operative ot a large
Cotton Factory, owned by Messrs. Tate & Co.
The Town is eminently distinguished for thn ha-
bitual industry, Ingenuity, virtuous character, and
unohstruclive hospitality of its entire population.
It is no less celebrated for the number and excel
lence of ils Schools. After stating so much, per
haps, it i a work of supererogation to add', that
Greensboro' is Whig to the core, and that the
County, of which ft is 'the seat of Justice, thinks
nothing of rolling up a Whig majority of two thou
sand, when the occasion demands it. ' A-
Ex-Governor Moreiiead, our late distinguished
Chief Magistrate, resides in Greensboro', and has;
so far as our knowledge extends, the mcst elegant
Residence of any private gentleman in the State,
in which he dispenses with open heart, liberal
hand, and true North Carolina couttesy, the old
fashioned hospitality Of his fathers. ;
But to return to the 'School?, which are the
chief jewels in tho crown of Greensboro's glory.
Edgeicorth, the repution of which has extended
over the State, is only one evidence of Gov. Mors",
head's enterprising character-lt having been
solely founded by him, to afford his own daugh
ters the advantages of thorough instruction, and,
at the same time, to place like benefits within thu
reach ofhis neighbors.j-The-local8iiuttXn-o
Edgeworth, which is now in a flourishing state,
IS Well adapted to the purposes of wha it. is As
signed. The building is capacious and remarka
bly well ventilated the grounds Spacious and
ihe water, (ns twe had an opportunity of .testing
en one of the very warmest days ol the feasor,)
as clear as chrystal, and as cold as ice. This Iii
titution flow-nder-tljecharge-or BevvGiLBttrir-
Morgan, a gentleman of profound learning, aiii
great experience as a leacher." ' f - ' '.
Besides Edgeubrth the Methodist fhnale CJ
lege, which has just commenced operations under
the HtfTst Ilattering auspices, and with every pros
pect of success, and which, from its plan of con
struction, is a most imposing edifice, affords lo the
Young Ladies of that denomination, and others;
the most ample means of acquiring solid and use
ful knowledge,. We were pleased tty tnke' by. the
hand, is connected with his Institution, Revr
Bennut T. 13Lakk, formerly of this vicinity, one
of the best and pulest of men.'. ', "'; - -
And, t6 crown ihe whole, the rYg-A School for
young gentleinen, in the hands of mo&l competent
Teachers, leaves nothing to be desired in Greens
boro, on the score of Education.
We must not forget, in these hasty notes, to pay
a passing tribute to "rrtjlle host " tffthe " Grerps-"
boro' Hotel." If you like a nice cup of Coffee,
viands cooked exactly right, all ihe luxuries of
each Season in its turn, and moderate charges,
call on Col.' Gorrj, "whose persnnal courtesies will
make you feel quite n't hohie. ..
One of the agreeable incidents of our visit to
Greensboro', was to form ibe )ersonBhiCquaint
ance of Our brethren of the Pairiot,M from whose
sensible and judicious lucubrations, we have, f of
many. j'?ars, derived so AiiCh infoJmatioa. '
7" We shall abruptly close this paragraph here,
becalise tve have arLurgent dvunudf moto.
copy. ' ; A na ve a o so w e tu.ore,- wp i ingiy.'.oe-
. , . .
vy - - v'-? """ :
I