4 ;)S3ril -'-'Vi'--1 ' ' r 31 "V-'"' " H&f :.4v; -.rf) .-!V;V"V"'" "J: To''-.-,
, 1
V,
VOLUME VIII.
; ''IPtibHsIjcb lUtckln
UJ. S W. A I M &. S II E R W (To D .
,4 PU1CB, TJIIIKK DOLLARS A TR All,
mS2.50, ir riD witiiih oxk month xttik mt itiTE
.-. , :- - v
. - , . or vuimrftirrioN
A failure en the part of any cmtomi'r to order a diwontirr-
tiinec Within tlm ub.cfiption year, will ho eonmJered ii-
lictiv of Ilia wish to continue the paper.
from the N. C-. Farmer.
v SOURCES OF PLANTS.,
Jippte All varieties of apples are derived from
he crab apple, which is found in hvosl parts of
the world. ;
Asparagus This was brought from Asia to
America. Asparagus is often improperly called
Sparrow-grass.
'Almonds ate the fruit of a tree which grows
chiefly in the Indies. '
i.Uartfais n plant cultivated in Spain for its
she?, which are said to afford the purest alkali
for making soap and glass.
JtreaJ-Fruit'Tree is a native of the South
Sea Islands especially of Oiaheite.
Voffet is a native of Arabia Felix.. It is now
cultivated in various parts of the torrid zone, espe
cially in the East and West Indies.
Cork-' is the bark of1 a species of onk, which
g-ews in spam and rortnga
Alter the bark is
taken from tho tree, a new bark is formed, and in
the course of six or seven years it is renewed.
Camphor--is the concrete juice of a tree, a
species of the laurel, which grows in Borneo, Su
nntra and other parts of the East Indies.
3 Chockolatt is made of cocoa, which is a nut
gfjwn in th West Indies. The kernel of this
nut is parched like codec, pounded into dust, made
Into a paste, then dried and cut into cakes.
Cocoa This nut grows in both Indies', on trees
from 30 to 60 feet high. They grow in punches
of 12.
. Cloves are the flowers of a plant which grows
in the Molucca Isles and East Indies.
Cabbage was brought from Holland.
Currants Dried ones come to us from the
western part of Gteece.
JIorse-Radish was brought from China.
. Lettuce was brought from Holland.
.A'umrj--Tbis grows in the East Indies. It
is a "kernel. . , . .
i,'. Onions and Garlic t natives of Asia and
Africa. ..-
" " OatsThe oat is considered a native of Mexico.
' , Peaches The peach tree is a native of Persia.
In its wild state it is small, bitter and poisonous.
Potatoe 'This is a native of South America.
In its native state it is small and bitter.
Pine-Apple This grows in the West Indies,
and other warm climates.
' Jlye -Originated in Tartary and Siberia.
' Iiaisins Are dried grapes; they ripen on the
Vines, are' dried in an oven or in the sun. They
come to us from the Mediteranian.
-. Sugar-Cane Is a native of China, from whence
is derived the art of making Sugar.
, Tobacco Is a native of Mexico and South A
tnerica. ' One species has lately been discovered
in New Holland tobacco was first carried to En
gland from ' North Carolina by Sir Walter Ral
igh.. . ' . '
Tea This is a native in no countries except
China and Japan, from these places the world is
supplied.. Tea is procured from the leaves of an
evergreen shrub 5 or 0 feet bigb. The leaves are
first steamed oyer boiling water, then dried on cop
per plates over a fir.
Xo Originated in Tartary and y beria,
' LIGHT BREAD.
Man has littlo inclination to . live solely on ani
mal food it is indeed questionable whether be
could enjoy perfect health, on a diet- purely of
flesh. It is well known, however, that vegetable
substances, particularly the farinaceous, are fully
sufficient of themselves to maintain a healthy ex
istence; We have every reason for believing that
he fruits of the earth constituted originally the on
ly fdod of man, and even at the present day, we
know that tho' Hindoo lives almost exclusively on
rice and water. In Ireland a great portion of the
.poor subsist on potatoes, with a small udditiou of
oaten bread ; while the laboring classes in inu
ny districts of Scotland nourish their robust
'frames on oatmeal, with, occasionally, the nddition
of milk. '
Animal food is digested in a mu:h shorter peri
'od than vegetable; from which circumstance, as
well as its approaching nearer to the substance of
the body into which it is to be converted, it might
--artirstrte-BtrnposTd themost annronriatt-articte-
-of nourishment. It has, however, been found that
vegetable matter can be as readily and perfectly
"assimilated by the stomach into appropriate nutri
ment, as the most tender animal substance ; and
confessedly with less heating effect upon the sys
tem generally.
Experience has taught U3 and the peculiar con
struction of the digestive organs in man establish
es the fact, that' proper combination of a vegeta
ble and animal diet, is the- one most friendly to
the human constitution, and the best adapted to
' jpreserve it in a proper state of health and vigor.
, 1 be due proportion to be observed between the
?lwo species of food, will depend in a very great
degree, upon the particular condition of the diges
tive organs, the oge and peculiarity of the consti
tution of each individual, a8 well as the climate
nd season of the year, and the amount of active,
. exercise to which the body is daily subjected-.-
As a general rule, however, it will bu found that
'those who make use of a diet consisting chiefly of
vegetable , matter, hnve a manifest advuntage in
looks, strenth and spirits, over those w lidrponoke
largely of animal food : they ore remarkable for
the firm, healthy plumpness of their muscles, pnd
the transpafency of their skins. This assertion,
thowgh at variance wjth "popular opinion, is am
ply supported by experience.
Among all civilized nations, bread constitutes
e staple article in the food of man. It has bten
'tiptly termed the staff of life but-in' order that it
.may prove a staff, substantial nnd pleasant and
hot a " broken reed" it is all important thU it bo
good,- that isy light swi-et sufliciently baked,
and never eaten until a dny or two old. .". ;
. 4,The grand secret and mystery oT fiavin"brea3
, come out of the oven delicious, inviting and nutri
tive, ,says an instructive writer, "is the exact.
point of time of putting it in- While in the stqte
of dough U will readily run into various stages of
fermeritatiouV the first f these is the saccharine,
da
or that which produces sugar- the fnext is the
vinous the third the acetous, or fhat producing
vinegar, &c. If the dough be formed intoionveS,
aod placed in the oven before the first fermention
has taken place, the bread will turn 6ut htmu,
and whoever eats it may rest assured of the night
mare, and various other ills that flesh is heir to.'
If Jibe kept from the oven till the second fermen
tation, it will prove light enough but tasteless
and little better than the same quantity of saw
dust if it be delayed until the acetous fermenta
tion has occurred, it comes out sour, and altogeth
er uneatable. It is, then, during the first or sac
charine fermentation that it should be cast into
itie off n : aiifHKwHHhpriw - if sufficiently baked,
be found a sweet and wholesome food.
"That bread should be without sweetness, when
allowed to run into the vinous fermentation, is ve
ry easily explained the saccharine matter pro
duced by the o'rst fermentation being converted
into a vinous spirit, which is driven off by evap
oration during tho process of baking This kind
of bread may beeasily distinguished without tast
ing, by iis loose, open appearance the pores or
cells being very large whereas, really good
bread is marked by"fine pores, and a sort of net
work ot a unilorm appearance.
DISINFECTING AGENT.
As this is the season, when offensive matter of
any sort, in a state of decomposition, most easily
excites bilious and other diseases, we Would Call
the attention of the readers of the Farmer to one
means of purification so necessary to prevent its
terrible effects, and one highly conductive to health
comfort and convenience every summer season.
It is also valuable for agricultural purposes, as it
improves the quality of manure, by fixing the a
monia. Copperas (sulphate of Iron) 1 lb. disolved in
water, say about four gallons, and poured twice
or three times into sinks is a complete disinfect
ant, removing all unpleasant odor, and preventing
offensive eflluvia when it becomes necessary to
clean them. The cost is a mere trifle, copperas
selling for four or five cents per pound. The ef
fect is certain. N. C. Parmer.
From Bickncll's lleporter.
MEXICO.
A OEPLOflABLE PICTURE OF THE COUNTRY.
, THE VIEWS OF PAREDES.
We recently alluded to a Manifesto or Discourse
which was submitted to the Congress bf Mexico
on the 6th of June, by President Poredes. r We
have since read translations of it, as given at length,
' -te a, is tv (
in tne National intemgencer ana wasnington
Union. It is a document of more than ordinary
interest and importance, and while written in an
earnest and apparently sincere and patriotic spirit,
it presents a sad picture of the condition of Mexi
co. That country, it is conceded by Paredes
himself, is struggling for national existence. Con
vulsed within and nssanlted from without, with
a bankrupt treasury, an exhausted credit, and a
discontented people, the prospect is indeed most
gloomy. The truth is, Mexico has for years been
the spot of ambitious and profligate men. The
country, its best interests, its highest prosperity,
have been sacrificed to demagogues and mercen
aries. The reign of each party in power has
been so brief and uncertain, that each has endeav
ored while holding the reins of Government to
make the most of the temporary elevation. And
thus the country has been plundered in the name
and under the forms of law. The elevation of
Paredes was an act of the grossest usurpation, and
this he in some measure concedes himself. But
he endeavors to apologize for his course on the
grounds of stern necessity. It is impossible in
tho crowded state ot our columns to give bis Ad
dress at length, but we shall proceed to notice its
chief passages. Alluding to the movement which
he headed at San Luis Potosi, he says:
Like its predecessors, the Government of the
Cth December, 18 M, sank rapidly into public dis
favor: and when, before a great public crisis, it
had need to be strongest, it fell into a weakness
which left it incapable of lacing the difficulty, of
sustaining its influence, or of avoiding the attacks
of those restless spirits who are the perpetual bane
of nil institutions and of every Government. In
this state of things, it became cleor that social dis
solution itself impended, and that if these aimless j
L revolutions and counter-revolutions were to go on,
tho only result must be anarchy and the bursting
of those last slender bonds which had thus fur
held us together, amidst so many contests. In
tljis new conflict, the Republic looked anxiously
around for some point of union, for a physical force
that might back its moral energies, might enable
it freely to exert its will, constitute itself as the
occasion demanded, and erect itself from its long
difficulties and disasters. I then listened to the
voice of pur afflicted country, and set on foot, the
political movement of the14th,December, 1813,
in the city of San Luis Potosi.
J - . .... f
There, in a body ot six thousand oi tne Dravest
and most orderly of our troops, 1 held at command
! the first of all the thii.gs that the crisis needed the
means ol tirmly upholding public orJer. Ly tins
chance, and not because 1 looked on myself as pos
sessing the capacity or other elements for ah enter
prise so hit;!), 1 wns led to resolve that 1 would ut
tempt it , but with the purest intentions, ah .e tit ire
disinterestedness, with not a viewaora design but
to reinstate the nation in the completeness of those
rightswhich parricidal faction were daring to ra-
visa. Here, then, was tho causo why I was to
llere, then, was tho causo why 1 was
invoke and did invoke no principle but that of the
national sovereignty ; and when 1 pointed out the I
iitness that th sovereignty should oe represented
hv ; ,u. . a. .mu' ,i
meaning that cHthe creat existing interests should !
be here embodied interests which do not cease :
to be collectively popular, because they are stW-!
rate, and which are, in realitv. those of the whole .
SOCletV UnOtff ft 1 US nHOSPS- I'hrf innntrv nrrpnl.
ed favorably my plan, and; without serious op
position, gave it effect, creating for itself a Provis
J r I ' w yvsamtf j j
lonal Government, which should call together bv
( . I ' 1 I I 1 1 .
law the promised Convention. The Junta of Re
presentatives imposed oh me the grave and res
responsible duty of taking in hand the reins of
public adTflinlatration ttna; I declare, before God
and before the people that Iita,r3 uie, that. I took
GKEENSBOKOUGII, NORTH
! upon myself this enormous weight, because I
! kjiew that not hopes, but difficulties, not sweets
But- bitters, were to be the portion of the Mexican
j who should offer himself, at such a time, .a ready
victim on ihe altar of his country.
He makes various Suggestions as to the best
course to bo pursued under the circumstances
alludes briefly to the disorders in various purts
of the Republic and then proceeds to notice the
war with the United States :
" I have insensibly come to wliero I am to spea!
of the gravest circumstance in our present position.
r v lien mis AUmmistration-camffrnto power
it
lered into by tho precedinc oflie to receive a Min
ister from the United States to treat on the Texas
question. The Government, firm in its just cause,
and resolved never to yield to the spoliation of
that part or its territory, was preparing torwari
yet, anxious to spare, if it might, the effusion of
blood, determined to hear what this Plenipoten
tiary had to proposev But, as was to be feared
from the fallacious policy of tho United States,
their ill fiith became apparent the moment their
Commissioner presented himself t they had sent
Mr. lohn Slidell, not as Miniete ml hoc, to .treat
of a special matter, but as a Resident Minister,
such as could only be admitted between nations
whose intercourse has no impediments. The
Government, therefore; gave him clearly to un
derstand that it could only receive him in a special
character ; upon which he asked and forthwith
obtained his passport. This has been seized by'
his Government as a pretence tor cnargmg .us
with the first hostilities, and provoking a contest,
as if the refusal to meet a fraudulent negotiation
were an act of hostility, and when that Govern
ment is already using arms, hot onl for the de
fence ofTexas, but for the usurpation of a fresh
pert of our territory.
The American Minister was not received, be
cause national dignity forbad it. when an Ameri
can army was already marching on the Rio Bra
vo, our ports on both sens were threatened by
their squadrons, and troops of the United States
trod our soil in Cnlifornia. I was therefore ob
liged, on the 2 1st of March, solemnly to declare
that peace and national honor being incompatible
with such aggressions, our soil should be defend
ed from their encroachments, until this Congress,
with whom it lay to declare war, should assemble
Their army, for some time stationed at Corpus
Cbristi, advanced to Point Isabel, and thence to
a position in front of Mntamoras. After assem
bling above five thousand men in that quarter, I
directed the General of Division there to act aga
inst the enemy ; and he, deciding on crossing this
river, look up a position Detween tne coast anu
the fortified part of Paso Real.
On the 8th of May a sharp engagement was
broutrht on. in which our troops cave proofs of
their valor, and, though with some loss, held the
field and maintained the honor of our arms. On
the next day our general-in-cheaf fell back to a
new position, where the combat was renewed,
but with an unfortunate issue on our port. The
division crossed the river: and the commander,
who still preserved, according to.h is return; four
thousand troops of the line, besides auxiliaries,
suddenly evacuated the city of Matamoras, aga
inst the express orders of his Government : which
looked to the importance of maintaining that place
for further operations and as tho point to which
supplies and reinforcements were on their way.
: Such unexpected conduct on tne part oi tne gen
i eral-in-chief has obliged mo to recall him and to
summon him to account for his disobedience be
fore a military court of inquiry. The Govern
ment meantime is actively at work to repair these
reverses, and looks to the nation and to you lor
co-operation.
The squadron of the United States has begun
to blockade.lhe ports of Vera Cruz, of Tampico,
and ofTdmaulipas: nnd its guns will probably
soon carry havoc into those fair cities. The day
has come, then, when the country calls to its de
fence nil its children the day when this Con
gress must proclaim war against that nation which
flatters itself so falsely that a single misfortune can
overthrow '.he courage and the . constancy, of
which our fellow-citixens have given so many
signal proofs. As a citizen and as a soldier I am
ready for any sacrifice ; and the .brave men of our
army, aided by this magnanimous people, will
defend with me to the last, the sacred rights of
our country."
J,t w ill be seen that jn nil this, no disposition is
manifested to yield. On the contrary, he says,
and not without force and eloquence, that " it is
in the midst of the greatest public dangers that a
brave nation finds its noblest thoughts, the virtues
and the sudden resources that rescue. A firm
and high public will, purity, and constancy can
accomplish every thing ; and when peace and
order shall return, we may find in the ve ry means
to which war has driven us the basis of a solid
finance,: which ore order, economy, good fuith,
nnd the credit which these create." 1
We may infer then, that Paredes, should he
be able to retain power,' will make another vigor
ous effort to resist the encroachments, of the U.
Stales. But the prospect is decidedly against,
him. The. movement at Jalisco, already chroni
cled, was, as it now appears, but a part of a more
general movement concocted by Santa Anna, and
designed by the most specious means to rally the
feeling in favor oftho Ex-President, and against
the present incumbent. This movement ' has, it
is probable, been successful ere this, and wmay
'reasonably infer that Santa Anna will, before
loiig, te at the litfad of the Government oi .uexu
co.
- ; Ar . r e,.
Theboxmsr Lishmun. After the light ol th
9th became general, a private, an Irishman, lounu
a, bunch of chaparral "between
nmsell uihi a
strapping -Mexican
rim Mexican raised his piece
and taking deliberate aim pulled trigger, the piece
f Id HOI CO Vila Vliu iiicjaivau uuum ittav
j
kct and snapped it, Paddy all the time cooly
looking out at the second lailure to discuarge ins
piece.lhe Mexican in adeliriunl of wrath, threw
his musket ay. apd went through various gy
rations of despair. Paddy mistaking these eccen
tricities for a challenge, for a fist fight, threw a
way his musket, and placiug himself in an attitude
that would have delighted .dcpfDurkcr sang out,'
- CAROLINA, JULY 2,
"oh by the powers-, you will not fend rrid amiss
whh the fists if that's yer game," Lieut, wliq
was observing this singular exhibition of coolness
and chivalry, ordered the soldier to take up his
proper weapon, and send the Mexican to his
long home, which was done accordingly.
Pay ok the Army. The following shows the
compensation allowed to officers and men, from a
Colonel :
Per month. No. of
Rations
' per day.
Forage No. of
for No. ser
horses.'vants. 9.
Cotenrl.
Lieut. Colonel,
00 5 3 2
Major,
50 1 3 2
Adjutant, (pay oi a
Lieut, nnd $10
in addition,) 2
Captain, 40 4 1
First Lieutenant, 30 4 1
Sec'd lieutenant, 23 'r 4 1
Serjeant Major, 17 1
a. M. Sergeant, 17 1
Pnn. Muscians, 17 1
First Sergeant, 10
Sergeants, 13
Corporals, 0
Musicians, 8
Privates, 8
Volunteers will require the following dress i
1 Dress Cap,
2 Flannel Shirts,
1 Forage Cap, (glazed silk)
1 Uniform Coat,
1 Woolen Jacket,
3 Pr. Woolen Overalls,
1 Cotton Jacket,
1 Pr. Cotton Overalls,
2 pair drawers,
4 Pairs Bootees,
4 Pairs Socks,
1 leatherorsilkstnclr
1 fatigue frock, (liu.) i
I blanket.
PURPOSES OF THE ADMINISTRATION
IN REGARD TO THE
MEXICAN WAR.
From the National Intelligencer, July 15.
I he ash.ngton correspondent of the Journal i
f .simmer in hia I ii1r wriiran nn Si nJ.i
of Commerce, in his Letter written on Saturday
Inst, (from which an extract is subjoined,) throws
an entirely new light upon the designs of the Ad
ministration in the vast preparations which it has
made, and is making, avowedly for the purpose
of overrunning Mexico. According to this wri
ter, whom we believe to be familiar with the coun
sels of the Administration, and neither politically
nor personally unfriendly to those who compose
it, but rather in the confidence of lis members,
the dis-memberment of the Mexican empire is
not the object, or at least not the sole object,, of
the projected irvasion. The free citizens of the
United States, who have volunteered to perform
military service, as they have been led to suppose,
in defence of the rights of the United Slates, are
to be marched into Mexico, with our small Regu
lar Army, amounting in aggregate number to
some thirty or foity thousand men, not to defend
rights or avenge injuries of their own country, but
to compel the Mexicans to change their Govern
ment, and to force them to establish free trapb!
These are the objects for which fathers are ca'led
upon to abandon their families, children their pa
rents, farmers their fields, and mechanics tbelr
tools nnd workshops, to be marched ofT by com
panies, bnttallions, regiments, and brigades, to
campaign it among the sands, the precipices, the
ravines, and the defiles ot Mexico I
Will not that portion of the People of the Uni
ted Slates who remain at home (those who have
volunteered having for the time divested them
selves ol their political rights) demand of Con
gress to interpose, before its adjournment, nnd
place some limit to the unbounded discretion
which, in a moment of excited patriotic feeling,
they have given to the President of the United
States to call out nil the power and resources of
the country to carry on this war with Mexico ?
The grant of discretion to the Executive was for
the purpose of prosecuting this war " to a speedy
and successful termination." What possible con
nexion is there between a speedy termination of
war wiih Mexico, and this extinction of her sover
eignty, and prescription to her of laws, govern
ment, and policy ? If these be the objects of the
war, what becomes of the alleged wrongs upon
which the President founded his recommendation
to Congress, after he hud begun the war, to re
cognise it ? And how long w ill it take for the
United States io complete this great work of po
litical, moral, and industrial regeneration of Mexi
co ? Let the correspondent of tho " Journal " an
swer in his own words :
" The complete political, moral, and industrial
" regeneration of Mexico may be accomplished
"ii the course of A If 'AN OF SOME THREE
OR FO UR YEARS."
CorrcHjHxiJencc of the Journal of Commerce
Washington, July II. .
Some few months ago, Mr. Rejon, one of the
most eminent of the Mexican statesmen, said to a
citizen of the United Slates that Mexico would
never be regenerated without a long war with the
United Slates. A war, he said, was necessary
to break down the military despotism that had so
long crushed the liberties and the spirits of the
Mexican people. Mexico, he said or rather her
Government, must be conquered, before the peo
ple could ever attain their rights.
" It is in this aspect of the case that our war with
Mexico ,is lyss odious in ourestimation than a war
for revenge or for plunder, or even for the punish
ment of unjust aggression. It becomes U3 to
prosecut'! the war in such a manner that it will
relieve the Mexican people of their burdens in
stead of adding to them. It was a mistake, as
some who are best acquainted with .the Mexican
people tell me, to send Jesuits among them for
the purpose of conciliating the clergy or the peo
ple. The Jusuits arc odious to the Mexican?,, and
the order has been suppressed in their country.
The proper .mode of conciliation will bo to author
ize our generals to send for the Civil authorities
of each town or State they enter, and offer them
peace and protection for the persons arid property
of their citizens, and the free exercise of all their
rights, on the condition that they will not act a
gainst the United States in any measure, and that
they declare themselves independent of the cen
tral military government, whether it be under
Paredes or any body els. The people will, ev
ery where, gladly avail themselves of an opportu
nity to be , rid of tho army and its oppressions.
We must do another filing, and do it immedi
ately lake all the " Mexican porlsj and give to
Mexicothrough, them? what she has never en
joyed, u free trade , . Give them our. cotton goods
1840.
iVItkout any doty. i They will be excellent custo
mers, paying in bullion, hides, and .wool, &c. A
trade; might commence immediately, under- the
protection ot our Ileets and armies, that would be
vastly beneficial to the people of both countries.
When the exorbitant duty shall be taken off of
quicksilver, mining operations will become more
profitable j Yankee skill will soon be applied to
the production oif the precious rnetals.
The' complete political, moral, and industrial
regeneration of Mexico may be accomplished in
the course of a war of some three or four years.
Fiom the' National Ioicllieencer, Jtttio 17.
Th-4Valogt.
-f-tht?-tfHP.
nalof Commerce gives us, in his letter of tho 14th
instant, a further insight into the plans and pur
poses ol the Administration. It appears', from
this letter to be the opinion ol the Administration
that Congress, ir complying with the recommen
dation of tho President to recognise the existence
of war with Mexico, has conferred upon him " Ve
ry ample " authority "to conquer all Mexico,"
and for this purpose-" there is reason to believe"
that "THE WAR WILL CONTINUE FOR
SOME YEARS !" But let the correspondent cf
the "Journal" speak for himself :
Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce.
Washington, July 14, 1610.
The authority of the Executive no conquer
all Mexico is very ample, under the act recog
nising the existing Uar, and the policy oT strik
ing at Upper California cannot be doubted, for it
will be the easiest and most convenient way of
forcing Mexico to do us justice. Tho object of
all the movements of the United States Govern
ment id this war Is declared to be the establish-
! rr.cnt of the Rio Grande as the boundary of the
u ii uea states, anu tne payment oi certain indem
nities in favor of our citizens. Mir. McKay de
clared, in his speech, that this Government was
ready to make peace on these terms. "No one
can imagine that the United Slates will make
peace on any terms short of theic.TfAlexiCo
hould not be prepared to pay the indemnities.
then it is probab;e 'ih thil Government will take
v. .7.
Upper California in pledpe for their ultimate Dav
ment, or purchase it and assume the payment of
an ine sums ascertained to oe due to our citizens.
Should the war continue for some years
AND THERE IS REASON TO BELIEVE IT
WILL the whole of the northern provinces will
be revolutionized, and become independent of
Mexico. Arista was himself at the head of a
movement some time ago, which had this object
In flew; These province will, ,'n the rheati
time, be HpIdH settled by American citizens, iis
Teias was. Few of the volunteers who goto
Texas ever intend to return. They go with the
declared purpose of settling in the country ; and,
after some years, it is easy to foresee that each of
these provinces will become assimilated in institu
tions and population and policy to the Western
and Southwestern States of thii Union.
If the line between the Northern and Southern
provinces of Mexico be drawn from Cape St. Lu
cas eastward to the Gulf of Mexico, the northern
independent provinces would be as follows: New
Mexico. Chiahuahua, Caohuila, part of New Le
on and Tumaulipas, Durango, Sonora, and Up
per and Lower California. These States em
brace one half of the Mexican territory, but only
ono fourteenth prtft of her population ; that is,
about five hundred thousand souls, all of them of
European or Indian blood, without admixture
With that of the African.
From the National Intelligencer, July 13.
We are asrain indebted to the intelligent corres
pondence of Eastern journals for information more
accurate and particular than is in our possession,
or in that of Congress, concerning the designs of
the Administration in reference to the War.
Prom the first paragraph rf the subjoined letter
it appears that the project fpf the capture of Veril
Cruz is not merely meditated by the Administri
tion, but determined upon ; and that the council
of naval officers is only summoned to instruct the
Department in what way tho object can best be
accomplished.
The second paragraph in the letter Confirms the
impression derived from successive intimations in
the official paper, and corroborated by the opinion
of the correspondent of the Journal of Commerce,
quoted by us yesterday, that the war ivith Mexico
is, so far as the Executive may not be curbed and
restrained (as it ought to be) by Congress, to be
come a war of conquest, to be waged with no re
ference to the interest or true glory of the United
States, but for very different and even paltry pur
poses, if thw purposes be such as the North Amer
ican's correspondent surmises.
Correpomlerce of tl I'liiU4lplii ,'ortb Auief kan.
Washington, July 14, 1810.
Not content with the safe and steady success of
our gallant army under the command of General
Taylor, the Administration proposes an experi
ment of a more hazardous nature, and one which
in any event must cost the lives of some of the
most distinguished officers in the service, to say
nothing of tho loss of ships and munitions of war.
In plain terms, they propose to attack Vera Cruz,
and to take the Castle ofSan Juan da Ulua. With
this view, an order has been issued from the Navy
Department for a council of twenty of the most
experienced captains to assemble in Washington
on Tuesday next, to determine upon the plan of
operations. From what I have been able to ga
ther, it seems tho conclusion is foregone, and the
council will ba required, not to discuss the policy
of the movement, but to furnish practical sugges
tions for carrying it out.' It is well known to the
Government that the opinion of some of the oldest
and most scientific officers is decidedly adverse to
this undertaking, and that it has been respectfully
but firmly urged, wth the purpose of preventing
a'discdmhlure, which,; under the circumstances
would be any thing but creditable to oufdrms.
Since,- however, it may be regarded as determined
upon, I trust tho best ability and skill which tho
country can furnish will be called into the delibe
rations, lam. Informed Colonel Totten, of the
Engineer Department, has in '"his possession a
perfect plan of the fortress and of the caliber and
arrangement of its gunnery Ought he not to be
consulted on an occasion like this or is the Admin
istration prepared to rush tastily into ' isn experi
ment which in the best aspect presents the. most
serious obstacles, and hardly equal chances of suc
cess T The cause of, humanity, if nothing else;
demands that this enterprise should be considered
with the-utmost prudence; andif attempted at all,
vith,such resources, as will put defeat beyond con
iKoit preparii fcir
"V.,H..
move
merit wii
tch secures victory 1 Lx. Miosis
answer
who hold the responsibility; and V
io hold
e ready to ,-
embark without counting the. fcttsh I-
Are we then
Every indication .upon this pari of the Govern- t
ment warrants tho belief that this, ta to be a war o(
conquest- wr hostile d thS coristiilition and to ibaV
spirit of our Institutions 'a Wfef loch a. We t hav
deprecated inEnglarid arid FWHceiahd war, plann-: .
ed and executed to make pdiiliiat tapUul for the
Administration. If ridt',.tvhV Wi expeditions be
: c,...j .... jA'U ': '5j ...v i. i l
mg uucu uui uiiuerwusun commanaers wuicm
will scarcely reach their destination for eight or
nine months to come? . It is manifesithe Admin- .
il ration rirwi not dpsirrt nrr.nwiemnlnlC pHlfr wj'h
Mexico until it has been conquered by too desola
tion of the sword. Is the country ready id .second "
any party for swcA an object T li it . willing tJ
squander sixty or one hundred million! a year, to
glorify Mr. Polk f Is it anxious to incur an enor
mous public debt, and to waste th' blood arid Irea- v
sure of our people to cany on a political wart '
These are plain questions that address themselves ;
to every gbdd Citizen, and which deserve to bti
pondered upon. ; -i' , ,
The discussions of the war with Mexico by the '
British, press; which, hare just reached us, are re;.
markable. They charge; us with bein j ' the aff
gretsors in the wauj forgetting that, before hostiUr .
ties broke out, weylr sent a message of peaca
to Mexico through oiirCoosuii and therj folldwed
up our message by a Minister, fully accredited, up
on the same pacific errand. Washington . Unions
It is true that it was proposed, through the A me- v
rican ConsuL. to open negotiations, but it is not - '
true that this United Stateet ill dispatching a Min
ister, fairly carried out the understanding with the
Consul. The Mexican Government agreed to '
treat, in regnr'd 10 the Texan boundary, with a ,
Commissioner appointed specially for : that busi
ness ; but the United States, instead of sending
sticii a special. Commissioner, sent , a Minister
Plenipotentiary. - There is no reaaoti i Whatever--
to doubt that Meticd would, have tebelvtcVUia; ' '
special Commissioner and treated with; hirij; - In '
the correspondence with Slidell, , the,., Mexican ,
Minister of Foreign Affairs stated repeatedly that
the Mexican Government was ready to receive
the Commissioner, and to negotiate about the mat; ' . "
ters in difference with the United States i but that ' ;
Government could not consent, in the then state
of affairs; to the resumption of friendly relation
implied by recelvine a Minister Plenipotentiary'
while tle United States held military possession
of a pftrt of her territory, and had a fleet hove rin?-
aboUt hef seaports, r It was barely consistent vith
these hostile demonstrations to receive a Commis- .
sronertoadjustihe. boundary, buubeGorernmenC.
of Mexico could not with selfrespect do an act
i-rvt L'''u JLLI ... ii . i -.- ,
which woum Jinpiy too existence oi menaiy dis
positions on both sides. W entertain hardly a.
doubt that the war might have been averted if i
special Commissioner had been sent out, accord- " -ing
to the arrrngement made through the AmetV
can Consul. iotrfspt'fs Journitr. .j,; -
Paixhan Gons. The Columbiad"Aht orig-"
inal gun invented by Col. Bomfo'rd, of the U. S.' .
army in the war af 1813-U. is rjov laying at the1 -v
ordnaffce depot ffi Ni Ycttd harbbf.. Its construe-1
tion, dimensions and advantages were taken by a'
young French officer then in this country and
through his rfietsns fell into the hands of General "
Paixhan, who imrriedJtftely introduced them into
the French service.: They Were by . this means v
first rriade known to the rest. of Europe,, and re-";.
ceived the riama of tho person who , introduced '" ,
them into the European service . rather than tha ' -nanriS
of. the oflglffdj Iril'efltof.., All these facts' "
are so fdlly susceptible of proof that the Euro- "
peans now acknowledge themselves indebted to us
for the invention ; even General Paixhan . gives
ftp ailclairrt to originality in , bis gun,' and limits -b'mself
io bertairf improvements which ho in trc-
duced;
". Y- , -
British Opinion.- The London. Morning?
Chronicle speaks thus of Gen. Taylor's battles
, ' Nil admirari. :" Such' is the .motto of ? G real
Britain in respect to the great deeds of America.
She .views them coTdly, quietly, and without won
der or emotion. She js tfs little surprised at their
occurrence as the mathematician is astounded at -the
accuracy of bis own calculations. She sees
her way both to them and through them, and
would have been mofe fiu if prised bad they turned .
otherwise than ihttj have v ' s
"The feats on the Rio Grande have been gaj- .
lant and successful. No man in England doubt
It. No ttatl In England stiggesls ; even a second
interpretation' 6f tbertt; nor carea about jfefinint
upon their natural signification. nWt admit; wil '
out -resefvationrhauhey-exhibit aoroe- JmportaM
facts, and that to some exfetit Via : ; tbe transcend"
ant merits of the American ttrfny ; tho stratgib
skill of the officers, the impetuous energy oftho
soldiers, the considerate , forbearance of the sut
lers, for any exception that we take to hia corf- .
duct, Gen. Tavlof rnay tfeServe a triumph, arid
captain Ringgold the hbhors of an ovation. v .They
have fought well, and kept up a character whicu. .
was before high ertough to be independent of itU
er bravado of exaggeration. More , than that,7'
they have just done what wo expected, and what
we foretold fhsy vrould do. Who so dear to us
as the man who fulfils our prophesies I . IJ-" - '
" The Mexicans themselves are not dishonored
Let those who think lightly of American .courage '
attribute the successes in question to the 'weak- '
ness of their enemy, ratber. than to theitaW !
their conquerors.; We re ject ,tb$? "allcr'nativeV-x
America won tho fight through her own inherent ,
herofsrh: The cause was gained bythe sffergtb' 1
of the one rather than by the weakness cVtbe other f
" Such ii tbe fact a jact probably admitted .
through'lhe whole length and breadth of Great '
Britain ; by the Gael and Welshman, as well- a V
the tdnsflriga-taousj Ahgfb! Siibti." " ; ' '
- ', 'r ',:
John Randolph's NEOBOKs.-r-The '.Cincinnati
(Ohio) Chronicle of the 9th instant says that th V
emancipated slavea of ohrHWridolpbj ytvho rs- .
ccntly passed ftp the Miami CMft! to their settle
ment ju Mercer, county,. Oblot met with a warm V
reception at Bremen. The titizens of Mercf -s
turned ot en masst and tailed a rheet!fl,6r texte '
er formed thtfmselea irrtd one iroittbii&ryV and!
passed ' resolutions" to the effect Aha said slave
should leave in twenty-four hours, whiclj they did '
in other boau than the once which Conyeved t?I?rtl '
there; They camatack some twenty-three mile,
at which place they ancamped, hot knowing whas "
tddoi V ',::'--4A--;,,-;;;:,
h.
I I-