Newspapers / The Greensboro Patriot (Greensboro, … / Dec. 16, 1848, edition 1 / Page 1
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r-r JftU .lfe, if 'A lLl,K fn-r-Srft Vi-:nH,ll.l i ' i nun ' ',"1, ' ' ': ''' i '- - ' ' ' . 'T J" . "V.:, l' ., "" ' ,' " " " A -MS"? ' VOLUME, X: Y'lt. GREENSBOROUGH, NORTH-CAROLINA, DECEMBER 16, 1848. ,- t K 'i..-f; j 7-. ' 9. f I 'J... fib,1 j : NUMBER436 flnbli3l)ci U3kln ; BY 8WAIM& SHERWOOD. W1AK. T1IRKK DOLLARS A TPAHU! .a$t.S0,V taff WITBI1I s , Afilitt"riwhtprt oYyeortoiiw,t?erdi.n i: -iithla th. T .uWrfption yir, b coD..JertJ .? ' ' THE 'IV i C3Se jut page for prowedingi of ibe Gene, 'ttl AMemblj op o Thursday. bt 7ib, iocluaire. J Cen?rcDn Monday, Dee. rofmbert of the Seni tUtndHoaae of Rfpreentatiffa met in their retpective balls and orSanizfd for bo.inraa. ' la the Senate, Mr. Dooglasa gae nonce of hia ioteDlion, at an earljr dajr, to introdoce a bill io telation to ibe gorernment of our Territoriea. Mr. Cameron gare notice of hia intention to io iwdeceebill baring for ila object the taking of theaeVthtb ceoaua. , Tuda$, Otc. The Pieaident'a Meinge wm read in both Hotnet, and the oioal number olcopiei ordered to be printed. The reading of ibe Menage in the Senate occupied two houra 10d a half i in the Uoua two boura and tigbt mt'nutea. Notice wat gieen of the . introduction ef aereral bills, io the Houie, among them, one io reduce and render uniform the ratea of poatag. 1 H'tdneidoy, Dee. 6. Certain reports from the State and Treasury departments laid before the two Houiei. Mr. Ourley elected chaplain to the j "House; - '""':Tvrrzrr:"r'::"ri:7'""'';" Thutidcy, Dec. 7.The death of Diion H. Leirii, Benator from Alabama, announced la both slousrs, and the customary rrsoluiWns passed. Both Housea adjourned over to Monday. Important European Kens. JVonce England- Ireland Tht Austrian Re- btltion-Terrible Mattucrt in the ttrttlt of Henna Sanguinary Vrutfitf of the Ampe ror Revolution in PruteiaJitrtin inmttate nt ttT0 TV"'--'-.' '- '' . The steamship BiHanuia" ta arrired at Boston with dates from Europe to November 18: Fasxca. The greateat anxiety prevail in re gard to the election of President, which was to take place the !0ih December. Prince Louis Napoleon and Gen. Casaigoac were the moi Erominrnt candidates the cbancea believed to e in faror of the former. Great Britain. There is nothing important. The number of deaths by the cholera, aince its first appearance, is 513. Ireland. -Poverty and starvation prevail to al most as great an extent as in 1846. Austria. The contest between the people and the Enfperor has resultrd for the pretent in favor of the latter. The last news from Vienna announced, its ca- I piiuUiioo aad the entrance of the, imperial troops. The number of killed during the teige was six thousand the greateat loca was on the side of ibe ''imperialist;'-. - Marhi.l Weldon bad been appointed Govern or of Vienna, and Prince' Wind ischgratz is to command the army against Hungary. Some military executions have taken plce. I be poet ttaiser ia to be hanged. Tbe principal leaders nave not been taken. 1 he TCmpvror bag decid d to reside at Prague. In tbe face of tbe recent trouble in Berlin, the revolution before that city, th imbecile and san ffuinarr despot of Austria his characterized bis success bv the most arrocitftis and cold blooded murders. In Vienna tie defenceless citizens are shot dead without cererrwrry, tbeir houses rifled, and evea women and children'. Massacred. The students of the University, wto" used almost s- v perbumso exertions in defence of the city t are aplluredrnr any "tKiogf werrwa niing to f gebe people of Berlin. Frankfort. Brealau and other places to revolt. Ferdinand of Austria has fearful- " ly tupplied k. Pavttsu.The King and the Prussian Assem bly are at issue and the military preparations have been made to quell any attempt that may be made by the populace to rise in favor of the .' latter. ' ' At Berlin, the Burgher Guards refused to obey tbe king's commands io dissolve tbe National As sembly, i A proclamation followed this act of dia obedience, and tbe National Guard, 150.000 ' atrong, under Wrungel, entered tbe city, and sent bis chief of staff" to wait upon the President, to Mminunieiy to him abd the deputies "slthnir en perrttdnenee,lbi bis orders -efe to close thv flail of Assembly and cause it to be evacuated,'; bicb Was done, under the protest of the Assembly. . On the 10th ull. the King issued a procla raitioa diwolviitg , the Burgher Guard, and the city wairdeclared in a gitate of aeige No per sons were al&wedlo (una gatherings in the streets, no meetings were peeiriitled, no placards allowed to be published, the clubs ordered Io be closed, and all arms to be delivered up. ; The constituent Assembly met in Schulieen'a house at 3 o'clock, and re-elected Von Uorup as . their President. The Burgher Guard also met and resolved not to yield or to give up their arms. Meanwhile, the period named for delivering up ermsapd, dissolving the civic guards waa delay ed 24 haurs, and would remain open until sunset on the 13ih, when measures would be taken to compel tbem, should they not obey punng tbe day the whole of the garrison werir ppder arms, the Palace being occupied by ' two battalions of guards, while the force at the v Arsenal Jtmd been increased, aa tikewiae at the principal gatea. Gen. Wraogel 1)d bis head T quarter! io ibe psluce, The giter were, closed, ' and the soldiers forni4Jt'iiB;Ubre' d4y pro '" visions tod a eood iuppIv of caTtrideea. Tne whole of 'the strvela V-- "J "Bl.lieo boose were occupied by bodies of armed men ready for the figbl. Towards evening tbe atreeta became somewhat clear, and it was evidentlv not tbe intention of the leaders ol Ibe movement to commence hostilities. . "' , , - HIkoat. Ths i accounts from tiungary are oftho most warlike character. The combined forces, WindiKhgratx' rationales at .from oct to two hundred thousand Wed, divided into three di visions, and have already crossed the frontier Jallachicb's division is among ibe troops that have left. Tbe Ilunt?ariao armr is reported at 60AK) meb. ' PnCSIDET'S MESSAGE (After congratulatory expressions on tbe pesceAil enjoyment o. our rrea ioatitutions gratified allusion to the progress of political freedom in Europe, and r marks on our preaent friendly relations with the gov. eratuenta of the old snd new world, including that ol Mexico, Ilia President proceeds with the following 'peculation on - ' f ; f Tfie Ejects of the Mexican ff or. One of the most importsnt results of the war into wbtcb we wrre recently forced with a neigh bouring nation, is the demonstration it baa affor ded of the military strength of our country. Be fore the late war with Mexico, Europeanand other foreign Powers entertained imperfect and erroneous views of our physical strength as, a na tioo, and of our ability to prosecute war, and es pecially a war wsged out of our own country. 1 bey saw that our standing army on ths peace establishment did not exceed ten thousand men. Accustomed theroitTves io maintain in peace large alaoding armit a for the protection of thrones against their own"subject, as well as against for eign enemies, they bad not conceived that it was poasibte for a nation without such an armr, well desciplmed and of long service, to wsgt. war suc cessfully. They held in low repute our militia, and were far from regarding tbem aa effective force, unlesa it might be, for temporary defensive bperaliohS when invaded op our on soil. The events of tbe late war with Mexico have not only undeceived them, but-have -removed erroneous impreaaiooa which prevailed to aome extent even among a portion of our own countrymen. That war haa demonstrated, that upon the , breaking out of hostilities not anticipated, and for which no previous preparation bad been made, a volunteer army of citizen-soldiers equal to veteran troops, and ir numbers equal to any emergency, can in a abort period be brought into the field.. Unlike what would have occurred in any other country, 'we vere Under no n or conscriptions. On tbe contrary, aucb was tbe flumbeiof olunK their services, that the chief difficulty was in male, ing seIeclons and deterrnjning who should be d is appointed and compelled to remain at home-. Our citizen-soldiers are tinlike those drawn from the population of any othtr country. T'bey are com ooaed indiscriminately of all professions and pur suits : of farmers, lawyers, physicians, merchants, manufactures, mechanics and labourers ; and this, not only among the officers, but the private soldiers in the ranks. Our citizen-soldiers are unlike those or any otner country in oiner res pects. They arc armed, and have been accus tomed from their youth up to handle and use fire arms ; and a large proportion of tbem, especially in the Western and more newly-aeuled Stales, are expert marksmen. They are men who have a reputation to maintain at home by their good conduct in the fi-ld. Tbey are intelligent, and there is an individuality of character which is found in the ranks of ther army. la battle, each private man, as well as every officer, fights not only (or bis country, but for glory and distinc tion among his fellow citizens wben be shall re turn to civil life. Tbe war with Mexico baa demonstrated not only the ability of tbe government to organize a numerous army upon a tudden call, but also to provide il wiih all the munitions and necessary supplies with despatch, convenience and ease, and to direct its operations with efficiency. The strength of our inrtitutions has not only been dis played io the valour and skill of our Iroopa en gaged in active service in the field, but in (bo or ganization of those executive branches witicb were charged with the general direction and con duct of the war. While loo great praise cannot be bestowed upon the officers and men who fought our battles, it, would te unjust to withhold from those officers necessarily stationed at borne, who were cnnrgeo witn tne amy oi luroisuing m ar my, 4n, proper time, and at proper places, with af! ft monitiooi of wsr and other supplies so necessary to make it efficient, tbe commendation to which they are entitled. The. credit due to this class of our officers ia tbe greater, when il is con sidered that no army in ancient or modern limes was ever better sppointed or provided than our army in Mexico. Operating in ae enemy's coun try, removed two thousand mile3 from tbe seat of tbe federal government, its different corps spread over -a vast extent of territory, band reds and even thousands of rtitei epn from rath other, nothing abort of tbe untiring vigilance and extraordinary energy of these officers could have enabled them to provide the army at all pointa, and in proper aeaton, with all ibat was require for Ibe most efficient service. Ii is but an act of justice to declare, that ibW officers in-cbarge of ibe eefersT executive bureaus, all under the immediate eye and; supervision of the Secretary of War, performed their respective duties with ability, energy, and efficiency. They have reaped less of the glory of ibe war, not hat ing been personally exposed to its perils in bailie, than tbeir companions in arm's ;but without their forecast, efficient aid," and co-operation, those in tbe field would not bars leen provided with the ample means' they possessed of achieving for themselves and their country, the unfading hon ors which they have won for both. When all these facts are considered, it may cease to be a matter of so much smazement abroad bow it hap pened that our noble army in Mexico, regulars and volunteers, were Victorious upon every battle-field, however fearful the odds against them. The war with Mexico baa thus folly developed the capacity of republican governments to prose cute successfully a just and necessary foreiga war with all the. vigor usually attributed to more ar bitrary forms of government., jt has been usual for writars jwr public taw to in;qts to republics a want of thit unity., concentration of purpose.-and virf ioct.iii, which are iieriliy adftftt- 4: ted to belong to tbe monarcnical and aristocratic foraiaj and tbls featpre of popular government naa oeen supposea to oispjsy nseu more particu larly io tbe conduct of a war carried on in aa rneroVs territorr. The . war with Great Britaio. io 1812, was to t great extent confined wubib' out own limits, aod shed. bat little light on this sub ject. ' But the war which fro have just closed by an honourable feace, evinces beyond all doubt lost a popular representative government is eqeal io any emergency wnicn is naeiy to arise in toe affairs of a nation. Tbe war with Mexico has developed most strikingly and conspicuously another feature in our institutions. It is, that without Colt td tbe tdVefnmehl, or dancer to our liberties, we have in the bosom of our society of rrecthen, available in a just and ncessary war, virtually a standing army of two millions of armed citizen-soldiers, such as fought the battles of Mex ico, i But our military alengtb does not consist alone in our capacity for extended and successful oper ations oo land. The navy is an important arm of tbe national defence. If tbe services of the naVy were not so brilliant as those ol the army in ibe late war wilh Mexico, it was becsiise tbey had no eiemy to meet on their Own element. While the army had opportunity of performing more conspicuous service, the navy lsrgeiy par ticipated in the conduct of the war. Both bran ches of tbe service performed their whole duty to the country. Fcr the able and gallant services of the officers and men of tbe navy acting in dependently as well as in co-operation wilh Cur troops in the conquest f the Califoroias. the capture of Vera Cruz, add the seizure and oceu. nation of other important paiitions on the Gulf Snd t'acibe coasts, tbe highest praise is due. Their vigilance, energy, and skill, rendered the most efiective service in excluding munitions of - war and other supplies from ' the enemy, while they secured a safe entrance for abundant Isuppliea for our own army. Our extended commerce was nowhere interrupted and for this immunity from the evils of war, the county is indebted to the navy. liigh piaisc ia due to the officers of the several executive bureaus, navy yeads, and stations con nected -with the Service, all under the immediate direction of the Secretary cf the Navy, for the in dustry, foresight, aod energy with which every thing was directed and furnished to give efficien cy to that branch of the service. The same vig ilance existed in directing ibe operations of the navy, as of the army. There was concert of ac tion and of purpose between the heads of the two arms of tbe service. By tbe orders which were from lime to lime i.suetf, our vessels of war on the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico were ststiorred in proper time and in proper positions to co-operste efficiertUrwuh ;tbe;armyj l By this means their combined power was brougbt.to bear successfully on the enemy. The great yults which have been developed and brought to light by this war, U-ill be of immeasurable importance in the future progress of our country. They, will lend power fully to preserve us from foreign collisions, and to enable us to pursue uninterruptedly our cher ished policy cf u peace wiih all nations, entang ling alliances with none." Occupying, as we do, a more commanding positon among nations than at any former period, our duties and our respon sibilities to ourselves and to posterity are corres pondingly increased. This will be tbe more ob vious wben we consider ibe vsst additions which have been recently made to our territorial po? sessions, and their great importance and value. c9wr Territorial Jequisilioni. Within less than four years the annxatbn of Te xas has been consummated; all conflicting title io tbe Oregon 1 erritory south 4 4be.49Ui degree of north latitude, being all that was insisted on by a ny of my predecessors, ha's been adjusted ; and New Mexico and Upper California have been ac quired by treaty. 'Tbe area of these several Ter ritories, according to a report carefully . prepared by the Commissioner of the General Land Of fice from the most authentic information in his possession, and which is herewith transmitted, contains one million one hundred and ninety-three thousand and sixty-one square miles, of seven hundred and sixty-three million five hundred and fifty nine thousand and forty acres ; while the a rea of the remaining twenty nine States, and the 'territory not yel organized into States essl of the Rocky mountains, contains two million fifty-nine thousand five hundred and thirteen square miles, or thji'xen hundred and eighteen million one one hundred and twenty-six thousand and fifty eicht acres. These estimates show that the ter ritories recently icqlfiredr exclusive junsdicln and dominion have been extended, constitute a country more than half as large as all that wbicL fit held by tbe United States before their acquisition. If Oregon be ex cluded from the estimate, thera will still remain within the limits ofTexas, New M-sico, and Cal ifornia, bOO hundred and 51.500 ami 98 square miles, or five hundred and forty-five million twelve' thousand seven hundred and twenty acres; be ing an addition equal to more than one --thirti - all tbe territory owned by the United States be fore their acquisition i and including Oregon, near ly as great an extent of territory as the whole of Europe, Russia only accepted. The Miei:ppi so lately the frontier of our country, is now only its centre. With the addition of the late acquisi tions, the United States aro now estimated io be nearly as large as the whole of Europe, , 11 ia estunaieu oy wic sui-riiuiruurui vi mvv . - . . .. SUivey, in me accompanying Trpon, mm ir tent of the S.acoast ofTexas on the Gulf of Mex ico, is upwards of four hundred miles ; of the coast of Upper California, on tbe Pacific, of nine hniwfrtd and seventy miles; and of Oregon, in cluding tbe Straits of Fuca, of ' aiRfbHTidred and fifty miles making the wtale ef.ctrt of sescoast one thousand six hundred and twenty miles, and the whole extent on both tbe Pacific and tbe Gulf of Mexico two thousand aod twenty miles. Tbe length of the coast en the Atlantic from ihe north ern limits of tbe United Stales, around tbe Capes of Florida to the Sabine, on the eastern boundary ofTexas, is estimated id be three .thousand one hundred miles; so that tbe addition cf seacoast, including Oregon, is very nearly two-thirds as great as all we possessed before ; and excluding Oregon is an addition of one thousand three hun dred and seventy miles; being nearly equal io one half the extent of coast which; we : possessed before these acquisitions. We have now three great mariums fronta-o tbe Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico,' and the Pacific making io the whole ' fl exUtrt 1 tct "--.6?f-ihOTaaod miles. This is the extent of the sescoast of the Uoitfd.Siatea.not including bays, sounds, and small irregularities of tbe maia shore, and of tbe sea islands, tf these be included, tbe shore line of coast as estimated by the superintendent of tbe cdttal stirrey; in his report, would be thirty-lbrce thousand anl sixty-three miles. ' Jt would bo difficult to calculate the valoe of these immense additions to our territorial posses sions. 1 eras, lying contiguous it tbe western boundsry of ijouisians, embracinr witbin its lim its a part of the navigable tributary waters of th Mississippi, and an extensive ses coast, could not long have remained in tbe hands of a foreign pow er without endangering tbe pesce ol our south western frontier. Her products in the viciuity of tbe tributaries of the Mississippi must have sought a market through these ilfedriis, runninginloand through our territory ; and the danger of irritation and collision of interests between Texas as a for eign Slate and ourselves would bate been immi nent, while ibe embarrassments in tbe commer cial interests between Texas as a foreign State and ourselves would have been constant and un avoidable. Had Texas fallen into the bands, or under the influence arid control of a strong mari time or military foreign power, s she might have done, theae dangers Would hare been still grester. ibey have been avoided by her vol. untary and peaceful annexation to tbe United States. Texas, frocn be r position, was a ostur- and almost indi?catable pan of our terri tories, icrunately, she been restored to our country, and now constitutes one tbe States of our confederacy. - upon an equal fooling with ibe original States. " The salubrity of dim. ate, ibe fertility of soil, peculiarly adapted to the production of someof our most valuable stsple co3ro,odiiies, and ber commercial advaatagea, must soon make her , one of our most populous Ststes. - New Mexico, though situated ill tbe interior, and without a seacoast, is known to contain much fertile land, to abound in rich mines of the pre cious metals, and to be capable of sustaining a large population. From us position, il is the in termediate and connecting territory between our settlements in Texas and those on the Pacific coaa'. ...Upper Ca!do.nia irrespective of. the vast mineral w ealib rrceblly. developed there, bolda at ibis day, in point of valoe and impoitaoce io the rest of the Union, the same that Louisiana did. when that fine territory was acquired from France forty-five years ago. -Extending near ly tm degrei s of latitude along the Pacific, and embrucirg the only safe and commoJious harbors on tbst coast for. mony hundred miles,1 with a temperate climate, and an extensive inte rior.of fertile land, it is scarcely possible to esti mate' ili wealth until ' it shell be brought under the government of our laws, and its rescources fully developed. From us position, it must com mand the rich commerce of China, of Asia and of the islands of the Pacific, of Western Mexico, of Central America, the South American States, and of the Russian possessions bordering on (bat ocean. A great emporium will doubtless speedily arise on the Calilornian coast, which may be destined io rival in importance New Orleans itself. Tbe depot of the vast commerce which must exist on the Pacific, will probably be some point on tbs bay of San Francisco, and will occupy the same relation to tho whole western coast of thai ocean, as New Orleans dees to the valley or tbe Mississip pi and the gulf of Mexico. To this depot our numerous whale ships will resort wab their car goes to trade, refit, and obtain supplies. This of luelf will largely contribute to build up a city, which would soon become the centre of a great and rapidiy increasing' commerce. Situated on a safe harbor, sufficiently capacious for all the na- f vies as weil as tb 4uar4o ftb world, and coo-. venient to excclleui timber for ship building, own ed by the Uaiied Suues, it must become our grtat western naval depot. ti was known that mines of the prec ions metals exuied to a considerable extent in California at the lime ol us acquisition. Receot discoveries reo der it probable ihut these mines are more exten sive end valuable than was anticipated. Tbe ac counts of tbe abundance of gold in that territory are ol aucb an extraordinary character as would scarcely command belief were they not corrobor ated by the authentic reports of officers in the pub lic service, who have visited tbe mineral 'district, and derived the facts winch tbey detail from per sonal observation. , Reluctant to credit the reports io general circulation as io the sntity of gold, the officer commanding our forces in California visited the mineral distr.ct io July last, for the pur pose.,pf,biaining..iLccuraieJuformatioaon.Abejiub: jeci. His report to ibe War Department of the result ol his examination, and the lacts obtained ouihe spot, is lit re with laid before Congress. When he visited the country, there were about lour ttiousanc persons engaged in collecting gold There is every rcasou to believe thai ihe number ol persons so employed has since beeo augment euv Toe exploimioos already made wanaul the belief thai the supply )s very large, and that gold u found ai various places in an extensive district or country. t - lulor inaiion recuvvd from officers of the navy ana Other sources, though not so full and minute, confirm ihe account of the commander of our military lorce in Calilorum. It appears, also, from these report, that mines of quicksilver are. found in '.he vicinity of the gold region. -Ooe of tbem is now being woiked, and is believed to be among the moeV productive in the world. Tbe e fleets produced by the discovery of these rich niiuiral Ueposiies, and the success which bas attended the labours of thoae who have resorted to tbem, have produced a surprising change io ihe state of af fairs iu Caliluruia. Labour commands a most ex orbitant price, and all other. persuits but that of searching for the precious metals are abandoned.. Nearly tbe bole of the male population of ibe country have gone to ihe gold district. Ships ar riving on the coast are deserted by ibeir crews, and their voyagea suspended or want ef sadors. Our commanding officer there entertains appre hensions that soldiers cannot be kept in the pub lic service, without a large increase of pay. " De sertion io his command bav become frequent, anil be Tecommends. that those who shall with stand the strong temptation, and remain faithful, should be rewarded. ' ' 1 ' This abundance of gold, and the all-engrossing pursuit of it, baTJ already caused in California un precedebved rise in the price of tbe necessaries of lifei That wa vnay ibe more speedily ai.J lully svil oorselea of. the Undeveloped wealth of these of the mint of the United States be auihorirized to bs estsbtished, at your present session, io Califor nia. Among other singnal- dvantaes which would resell from such an establishment would be last of raising tbe gold to its par value in that Territory. ,.A branch. mint of lh United Slates at the great commercial depot on the west Coa, would convert into ouf own coin notonlt the gold derived from our own rich mines, but also the bullion and specie which our commerce may bring from the whole we.t coast of Central aud South America. - The west coast of America and the adjacent interior embrace the richest and best mines of Mexico. New Grenada, Central Aoiert ca, Chili, and Peru. Tbe bullion and specie drswn from these countries, and, especially from those of Wes'.ern Mexico and Peru, lean amount io value of many millions of dollars, are now an nually diverted and carried by the ships of Great Britain to her own ports; to be recoined or used to sustain bet National Bank, and thus contribute to increase ber ability io command ao much of the coirfmeree of the world. If a branch mint be es tablished at the great commercial point lpoo that coast, a east amout of bullion and specie would flow tbitber to be recoined, and pass ihence to New Orleans, New York, and other Allar.tie cit ies. The amount of our constitutional currency at home would be greatly increased, while its cir culation abroad would be promoted. It is well knows to bur merchants trading to China and the west coast of America, that great inconvenience and loss are experienced from the fact ibat our coins are not current at tbeir par value in those countriea. ' '.'.. ' " ", ; The powers of Europe, far removed from ths west coast of America by the Atlantic ocean which intervenes,&by a tedious snd dangerous navigation u round the southern cane of tbe continent of Am erica, can never successfully complete with the United States in the rich and extensive commerce which is opened to us at so rtuch less cost by the acquisition of California. - Tbe vast importance and commercial advanta ges bf California have heretofore remained unde veloped by tbe government of the country of which it constituted a part. Now that this fine provin ce is a part of our country, all the States of the Union,' some more immediately and directly than ! .1 J..l- t'J1 l J f . .L J J ; otoers, are urcpij interested in me speeay ue vei:. opment of its wealth," and resources. No section of our country is more interested, or will be more benefited, than tbe commercial, navigating, and manufacturing interests of the eastern States. Out planting e'nd farming: interest i every part of the Union will be greatly benefited by it., Aa our commerce and navigation are enlarged and extend ed, our exports of agricultural products and of manuiactures win ie increaiea ; ana in ine new ma rketa thus opened, the; cannot . fail to com mand MEfubeaiirij' and profitable prices. Organization of Territorial Coternmentt. tiuea, it is deemed if vast, inijonancs t ortancs that a branch-f i.v. t Tbe acquisition of California and NetT Mexi co, the settlement of the Oregon boundary, and the annexation of Texas, extending to the Rio Grande, are .results which, combined, are of great er . consequence,' and will add more to the i strength ar.d wealth of ibe nation, than any which have preceded tbem since the adoption of the constitution. But to effect these great re sults, not only California, but New Mexico, must be brought under control of regularly organized governments The existing condition of Califor nia and of lhat part of New Mexico lying west of the RiGrande, and without the limits ofTex as, imperiously demands lhat Congress should at its present session orgsnize territorial govern ments over them. I Upon the exchange of ratifications of the trea ty of peace whh; Mexico on the thirteenth of May last, the temporary governm,enie which had be establishfd over New Mexico and California ,by our military and naval commanders, by virtue of tbe rights of ar, ceased to derive any obligatory force from lhat source of aothority j and having been ceded to the United .fitstes, all government and control , over tberh under the authority nf Mexico bad ceased to exist. Impressed with the necessity .of establishing territorial governments over ih'm, I recommended tbe subject to the fa vorable consideration of Congress in my message communicatinjf.the ratified treaty of peace, oil: the sixth of July last, arid invoked tbeir action at that session. Congress adjourned without mak ing any provision for their government. The in habitants, by the transfer of their country bad be, come entitled to tbe benefits of our laws and con titution, and yet were left without any regularly organized government. Since , that time, tbe ery lirii "poer r -pb9esrcl by t ! E jrecs i we ha been exercised to preserve and protect them from tbe inevitable consequences of a state of an The only government which remained San Francisco. These mail steamers, connected by tbe isthmus of Panama with the line. of mat, steamers on the Atlsntio .between ..iNcTi Ycrlt and Cbagres, wilj establish a regular mail cow- municaiioo wna vaiitornta. - , " t Th Quettion tf Slavery In the New Territories, It is our' totemn duty io ltrov,ide,with Uie'leaet practiable delay, for New Mexico and-California, regularly organized territorial governments. The causes of the failure to do this at the last sessionof Congress ere well known, and deeply to be g pfted,. With the opening prospects of increased prosperity and national greatness which the ac quisilion of these rich and expensive. territorial nossessions affords, howjrratioollwbutd itbe ta forego or to reji-ct tb,eie advantages, by the agita tion of a domestic question which is coeval with the existence of our government itself, and to-en danger by internal strifes, geographical divisions; and heated contests fer political power, or for any otbef cause, tbe harmony of 'the glorious Union) of our confederated Stalest that Union which- Lbinds us together as one peaple and which for sixty years bas been our shield aod protection a gainst every danger. Ia the eyes ol the world and of posterity, how trivial and insignificant still be all our internal divisions and struggles com pared with tbe preservation of this Union of the States ia all its vigour and with all its countless blessings ! No patriot would foment and excite geographical and sectional division. 'No loe of bis country would deliberately calculate tba v alue of the Un ion, . . Fotu fe geotrstions wou Id look in atfiaf iment upon the four of such a coarse- Other nations at the present day would Jook upon it with ajtoniehrpenti and such of tbem as destrU to maintain and perpetuate thrones and inonar cbicalor ariatocraiical principles will view k with; exultation and delight, because ra it they will see the elements of faction, which their hope mosi oltunately overturn our system. ur,is-tb great example of n prosperqys(anq, ffee stlf-gotl eroed republic, commanding the admiration -and the imitation of all the lovers of freedom throughout Ibe world. How solemn, therefore, is the dutt; bow impressive the call upon us and upon, mil parts of pur Country, t,Cn1tivate a patriotic rprrit . bf harmony, of good fellowship,' of compromise and mutual concession, io the administrstroa 'df-. the incomparable system of government forrrred" by our fathera in tbe midst of almost insupenbts- difficulties, and transmitted to us, whh the mi junction that we should enjoy its blessings and hand it down unimpared to those who may come afier'us 1 : -' . . r " " r---. In view of tbe high and responaible dut5ei which, we owe to ourselves and to mankind,'!' irust you msy be able, at your present sewibti, to approach the: adjustment of ihe only domeslifi -ouesa -which seriously threawnsl orprpbaMr' -wefcan threaten, W disturb the harmonyani . successlui operation or our system. , ; : Tbe immensely valuable possession bf Nefsr Mexico abd California are already inhabited bj a considerable population. Attracted by tbeir great fertility, their mineral wealth their1 'Cota. . mercial advantages, and the iaalubrttyW th 1J-' mate, emigrants from the elder States, in ' grafc numbers.are already preparing to seek new homes in these inviting regions. ' ' ; :w:ili :1fP': f. Shall the dissimilarity of tbe domeaticlmttitutTdns in the different. States prevent us from profllllbg for tbem suitable gevernmeotsf These instittJttdns existed at the adoption of thf iCons'.rtutidrf.'But theobstaclea which they interposed Were overcome by that spirit of compromise which is aowinviJkff. In a conflict of opinions or or interests, "fear 'or imaginary, between different sections of oUr bbto try, neither can justly demand all which' h Wight desire to obtain. Each, in the true spirit of 'bar' institutions, should concede sometbingto the dfher. i )ur gallaM lorceswifl"tbe'MexicawarVby wbose patriotism, and unparalleled deeds of arms we obtained these possessions aa an inde'mnily Tor our just demands sgainst Mexico, were tonipbsed of citizens who belonged to no ooe Stale or section of our Union. Tbey Were meo.froin slsvebojding . and non-slavebolding States, from th North'wnd; the South, from tbe East and the West. "Tbey, were sll companions-in-rins aud fellow-cftizeba. of tbe same common cause.;. When proseCBliogi that war, they were, brethren and friends nd shared alike with each other common foilsdao gers, and sufTerings. Now, when, thett woflt' is ended, wben peace is restored, sod thrV return again to tbeir homes, put of! the uWimehtS' oi war, take their places inspqietyt Mod resume tbeir pursuju in ciyil life sure(y f (Spirit of harrAeny and concession, and of equal regard hi the rights of all and ol all sections of the Union boghtto pre vail in providinOovernments for the acquired" territor es ibe f ruits of their common 'service.. ! The whole people cf tbe United Stalea"and tl r. Regarding thi, to'be a difaeto 5B. WXXW . and that by the presumed consent ! 10 ."'ud .,00lb" PPJ itant. it miiht be continued tempor- U, c,F'rd urriiory. Th wWUiaeoo. 1 L was that rstablisfieS bv the military sulhoriry d... "l S,,, 'X"hv !d Mwtnmrtl ring tbe wsr government. . f tL. mli.kil.nl. il miitM ..nlinn.. Umnn,. srtly. they were advi,ed to conform and submit v. o..n.caiasics to it for the short inurvening period before Con- T gress would again assemble and Could legislate . lb I""" . bW$.XMl In the subject... TVp rews entertained by thrl lb, t""11 -lavery. ever can or would E.,ri!..on'iW. Mint are contained in a com- i""1 ,u ? Pn'o. of the acquired temtory. even , munition of ibe Secretary of Stale, dated the 1" were. Mi to tfca optwo cl lha fheboldK seventh of October last, which wss forwarded fir , publication to California and New Mexico, a cony or which is herewith iransmmeu. The small militsry force of the regular army, which was serving within the liruit of the acquir ed territories at the close of the war, ' was retain ed in them, and additional forces have been or dered.i.hjr-re for th-; protection of ibe inhabitants, and to preserve and secure tbe rights snd interests of theiUoiled States. No revenue, has been or could be collected at the ports fnr Cn1tforn;a, be cause Congress failed to authorize iSe establish men t of custom houses, or the appointment of officers for that purpose. "-y - The Secretary of the TreaeujyV ty a circular letter addreised to the collectrs'of ihe customs, on the seventh day of October Iniit, a copy of which is herewith transmitted, exercised all lbs power with which he was invested by law. In pursuance of Ihe act' tf tbe fourteeoth of AegtHl last, extending the benefit of eur post of fice laws io ihe people of California, the Postmas ter General has appointed two agents, who have proceeded, the one lo California, and tbe 0 her to Oregon, with authority tormok the necessary arrangementis fir carrying its provisions into el, .feet. : ' ; ' l" v:.-. Tbe monthly lino of mail steamers from Pana ma to As ona has been required to "stop snd de a- a . ;,i I. es - aa i 4 Vw and tale msilsstSan Diego, Monterey, and Slates tbemsel vet. From the nature of the clim ate and productions, in much the larger portion ofi it, it li certain k couJJ. never, exia,; and in.tlie remainder, the probabilities are l wetld not Bui however this may be, the Question, involving, as ii does, a principle of equality of rights of the separate and several Slates, as tqoaj' co-opartners .' iu the confederacy, should not ,be disregarded. In organizing government ovtrthe'se Territories, no duty imposed on Congress by tbe Conslituiitm requires that they should legislate;: Off the subject of slavery, while their power to do ao is eat only seriously questioned, but denied by many of the soundest expounders of that instrument. , s, , VV beiber ,pong;ess shall. legislate , ot'- not, the people of ihe acquired Territories, wben assem bled in convention, to forin Stale constitutions, will -poasess, the sole and exclusive power to determ ine for themselves whether slavery shall or aball not exjat within tbeir limits ' If Congress abalK absuia from interfering wiib ii, the people of these Territories will be left free to adjust it as : they ( may think proper wheii they apply for admissjotr into the Union. No-enactment of CWjfeJa could restrain the1 people of any of. th lover ign Slates of ihe Union, old or north or aouih, laveholding or slveholdirg, from delermm lug the cha racier ofi heir own domestic inat tutka as i they may deom-wise proper..- oyawL all the Statt-a possess this rigVajwIongrVsV -7-r i '-i-
The Greensboro Patriot (Greensboro, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 16, 1848, edition 1
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