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VOL. XIV.
GltEENSBOllOTJGH, N. C, JUNE 19, 1852.
NO: C83.
i. , .
"7- " ... - v;f
PUBLISHED WEEKLY
BT SWAIN AND SHERWOOD.
t . Price $2.50 a year t
' imi mcr TOiL4,ar or faih wrrmy months
... UTTM THC DATE Ot THE IVBSCRirTIOM.
f" O-- ...-.: -
- ADVERTISING RATES.
Ona dollar pr square (fifteen lines) for the hut
Veek, and twenty-fire cents for every week there
Rafter. Deductions made in faror of standing adver
tisements as follows :
Thru months. Six month. One year
One square, 83.50 $5.50 S8.00
Two squares, 7.00 10.00 14.00
Three " (J col.) I00 15.00 20.00
Half column, 18.00 23.00 35.00
-. . : i : :
- The Empire of Japan.
A public attention i now directed ti Japan,
tht following account of that Empire communi
cated to the National Intelligencer by W. D.
Porter, Esq.. will be fourvd interesting :
Japan is called by the natives Niphon, and
Was founded about six hnndrrd and sixty-five
years before Christ, by Simniu. From hira to
Binzakin there appears to have been sixtyine
Emperors. After this period, in the year I I 42.
a change took place. From this time a double
chronology commences, including the reigns of
the Dearios and Cubns. The Dearios w cri mil
itary officer, and at tme period completely usurp
ed the power of the Emperors, but a general by
the name of Jeretimo being crowned, succeeded
in depriving tne uearios oi all military powers.
At the present time the kingdom of Jpnn is gov
erned by ap Emperor with full military powers,
and a Cubo, or prime minister, who has author
ity over certain cities, their Parliament. &c.
The kingdom of Japan consists of three large
and thirty or forty smaller islands, situated off
the coast of China. The largest of tliese is Ni
phon, the next Jesso. On the island of Dungo,
southwest of Tnnsa, is the city of NangaSclii,
and near thst city is the little artificial island of
Disua. On this island a Dutch factory is built,
Jeddo, or Yeddo, the capital of the whole em
pire, is situated in the midxt of a fine plain, in
the province of Musace. Jt is built in the form
ofa crescent, their banks being pUnted wiih
row of beautiful trees. The city is not surround
ed, as most Eastern cities are, by a Wall, b it has
strong castle to defend it. The river Tongng
waters it, and supplies the castle ditch? and be
ing divided into five streams, has a bridge over
each. The public buildings are on a magnificent
scale. The Imperial palace is lonned by three
cinctures, or circular piles of buildings, and en
closing many streets, courts, apartments, pavil
ions, gusrd-houes, gales, tlrawbridges, gardens,
canals. Sic. In it resides the Emperor and his
family, the royal domestics, tributary princes and
their retinues, the Ministers oi State, many other
officers of Government, and a strong garrison.
1 he walls of this magnificent plane are built of
freestone, without cement, and the stones prodi
giously large. The whole pile was originally
covered with gilt tiles, which gave it a very grand
and beautiful appearance. Many of the stately
apartments are formed and altered at pleasure by
moveable screens. The principal apartments
are the Hall of Attendance, the Council Cham
ber, Hall of a Thousand Mats, &c.
The city is under the direction of two gover
nors who rule a year each. - .
The next largest city is Meaco. It is also a
royal city, and is situated on a lake near the mid
dle of the Island of Niphon, and surrounded by
mountains, which give a remarkabland delight
ful prospect to the whole; the circumjacent
country between the city and the mountains is
covered with temples, sepulchres, &c, &c., and
is embellished with a variety of orchard's, groves,
cascsdes, and purling streams. Three conside
rable rivers water this fertile plain, and unite
their streams in the centre of the city, where a
magnificent stone bridge facilitates the communi
cation between the different parts of the city.
A strong castle defends the town ; it is six hun
dred yards in length, has a tower in the centre,
and is surrounded by two ditches, tle one dry.
tht other full of water. This splendid city is
twenty miles long and nine wide within the sub
urbs, which are as well popuhted as (lie ritv.
The number of inhabitants of the city proper is"
supposed to he 529,000. The universities, col
leges, temples, &c, are almost incredible in num
ber and magnificence. It contains twelve capi
tal or principal streets, in the centre of whirl) are
the royal palaces, superbly built of marble, and
'. adorned with gardens, orchards, pavilions, ter-
races, groves, Sic.
The next principal town is Ozeaco. It is the
, chief seaport, is very populous, snd has an army
of 80,000 men always ready at the disposal and
.. command of the Emperor. " It is fifteen miles; in
circumference. The city of Nangaschi is the
Japanese naval depot ; but aAhey have not yet
found any use for a navy; their veseels are only
. in the rough material, and stored a1 w ay for emer
gencies.' The kokansa or prison is here. The name'
means, in he Japanese, hell ; it has one hundred
dungeons and cagee. The history of these t few
cities fives a fair outline of the whole empire.
Their private dwellings are small but neat, and
ornamented with small gardens ; in this they ex
cel as they are the very best of horticulturists.
A few feefof ground are turned to the btst ad
vantage, as the Japanese understand perfectly the
. art of dwarfing plants, trees,' fruits, and flowers.
They use neither tables, bedsteads, nor chairs ;
but sit, eat, and sleep, like most Eastern nations,
on mats.
Almost the first accomplishment learned by
them is the art and grace of suicide ; the child
in the nursery subs itself with his finger or stick,
. .and fall back in imitative death ; the lover cuts
out his intestines before his obdurate mistress,
and the latter pours out her heart's blood in the
face of her faithless lover ; the criminal executes
;- himself f-and, - in- aei,:-tfie-- whoiernrtioni-- from
11 early youth, revels in the luxury of auicide. V
Their trade.i". atpresent, under great reitric
; lions, as they only trade with the Chinese and
. . Dutch, . Tje latter hsve always fostered, cher
" . ished and increased the prejudices of the Japan-
ese against all otfter nations, paiticultrly , the
French and Lnglish. : :r - .
The mechanics pnd manjfeclorert. inr Japan.,
11 '-.''I ii' i 'i ii 1 ' i , t
excel in their different branches, and are even
far superior to the Chinese. Their silks and
coltonsare excellent, and their Japan ware and
porcelain unequalled. Their exports are raw
and. manufactured silks, Iron, steel, artificial ine-
.... ..... .. -.j...;. ....--S. Ml
ws; tun, una, nner man tne v;ninese, apan
ware, gold, silver, copper, gums, medicinal herbs ;
roots, diamonds, pearl, coral. Sic. Whatever
goods the Japanese want they pay for it in gold
and silver.'
The Japanese worship the principal two gods
Aaca and Amida. ,. (At .viaceo there is a stately
temple, built to one ol tliese gods ; it is or Free
stone, as large as Si, Paul's, with an arched rool,
supported by heavy pillars, in which stands an
idol of copper, which reaches as high as the roof;
snd according to a discriplion given by Sir
Thomas Herbert, his chair is seventy feel high
snd eighty feet long ; the head is big enough to
hold fifteen men, and the thumb forty inches in
circumference. There is another statue, called
after the god Dabio, made of copper, twenty-two
feet high, in a sitting posture. This shows that
the Japanese understand the art ot working in
bronze, and they are far ahead of Christian na
tions in this particular. They allow polygamy,
and they often strangle their female children, but
never the males. The nobility extract the two
front teeth, and supply them with two of gold.
The principal rivers are the Ujingava and As
kagava ; the former so rapid and wide that a
bridge cannot be buit over it, the latter remark
able for its depth and perpetual fluctuations. A
large valley exists in the interior filled with car
bonic gas, and called the Valley of the Upas.
It is covered wiih the skeletons of numerous wild
and tame beasts and bird. The Emperor, it is
said, often sent criminals to the valley to bring
away a precious gem of inestimable value, and
the bones of men also whiten its deadly sides.
Acidulated lakes and thermal springs are com
mon throughout sever tl of the islands.
Their great source of opulence are their mines
of go'd and silver, but they have no antimony,
calamine, sal amoniac, borax, or cinnehar, (quick
silver ) These articles are in demand, and bring
a high price. Dirds and every kind of duck and
poultry ate plenty ; camphor trees are abundant,
and the cedars are the finest in the word. Few
countries open so fair a field as the islands of Ja
pan for botanical and geological research. It is
not' necessary here to enter into a detailed statis
tical account of the commerce of Japan. ' A di
rect trade to that empire would increase the
commerce of this country about two l undred
millions of dollars annually, if not more.
It has always been in contemplation with this
country to make an effort to open n direct trade
with Japan. Com. Porter us fur back a 1815,
addressed a letter to Mr. Monroe on the subject.
This letter has been published in the Intelligen
cer. It was intended to fit out a frigate and
two sloops-of-war and place them under his com
mind, but subsequent events prevented the con
summation of this design, but it has been revived
fma SiMjh Sa ha ... ilk....! L.A. . . . L...S
a few years ago the undersigned drew the alien
r ...... .. .
Hon of the Hon. J. Y. Mason to the subject by
the recommendation of a steam line to China,
with a view of incidental commercial intercourse,
and finally direct trade with Japan. It would
require but snnll efforts to accomplish commer
cial intercourse with so shrewd a people as the
Japanese, who are alive to commercial feelings.
A steam line direct from New York to the Isth
mus being already in existence, is an easy mat
ter to continue it to the Gallipagoes, which is
lands abound in coal; thence to the Marquesas,
and on to Shanghai or Jeddo."
Hon. Edward A. Hannegan.
The facts as to killing his brother-in-law, by
Mr. Hannegan, are already widely known. Mr.
Hannegan had been a member of the Legislature, ;
hoth Houses ot Congress, Ambassador to Rus
sia, and might have been honored and uielul in
every relation of life but for hi learful devotion
to Liquor, which has long rendered him a terror
aud disgrace to his Iricnds, and has at length pro- t
bably led htm to a felon's doom, John Went- '
worth, who served with him in Congress. th.. !
comincnKon his case in the Chicago Democrat:
Every man who has seen Mr. Hannegan when
under the influence of liquor as we have, can be
lieve the above.' And every one who has lived
at the same ouse with him and his family, as
we have, when be has been a total a stinence
man for months together, will indeed pity hjm.
When sober be is as pure, as upright, as kind
and as generous a man as there is in this country.
With him there can be no middle state. He is
a brute when drunk. When sober he will com
pare in all ihe elements of goodness With any
man living. .But he cannot drink without gelling
drunk. ,
Mr. Hannegan entered the loWer House of
Congress many years ago, a perfectly temperate
man ; and, in point of talents, integrity and pop
ularity, his prospects were as flattering as llloe
ofanv young man in the United States. But
Washington-' fashions and habits were loo much
for him. Dissipation drove him to private life.
He reformed, became a temperance lecturer and
an exemplary member of ihe Church. His ex
hortations in times of great revivals are said to
liave equalled those of ihe most eloquent divines
living. At length the old habits,: were forgotten
and lie was sent to the Senate. He took his seat
n exemplary Son of Terriperance and a Chris
tian. But, again, the temptations were lo great
for him. 11 u struggles with himself were gi
gantic, and the assistance of one of nature's no
bjestof women, his wife, secured for him the
sympathies of everybody. But he would have
his sprees, and he lost his recollection.- Like
most politicians, lie left office miserably poor.
At the close of his term, and of Mr. Polk's su
miuistralion, to keep so popular-ami good a man
from despair and ruin, although it came but of
General Taylor's term, the Senators unanimous
ly,.Whfgrn(t Polk to send him to Russia, and he was appoin
ted to that mission. His unfortunate career there
is well known. Since his return, we havelieard
nothing of him unlit this melancholy affair.
ue nave seen. many a young man enter Con-
gress perfectly temperate, andjeave it totally ru
toed ; but we never knew one who had so manV
efforts to savahm,,o ineffectually, ss Mr. Han-1
- , i - ... i -f-, -., ,.. i .
negaq. We now have in our mind three in our
own term who killed themselves. Mr. Hanne-
gan has triej to do so several times t but he lived
to kill his wife's brother, the best friend, save hia
wife, he had in the world. That he wishes he
poor Duncan's place, have no doubt.
V hat an awful' comment this is upon ihe evil ef-
feeu oftntemperanct hwasthe firirt dropthst
ruined Iiannegan. lie is now about the middle
age of man. and may yet live to be a very use
ful man ; but there is a great probability he will
commit suicide.
This tragedy will do much towards enacting
the Maine Liquor Law in Indiana, and we can
almost predict it will be enacted at the oextses
sion of the Legislature. "
Origin of Chi vary.
FROM VOLTAIAX. -
Almost every one who has read at all has read
of heroes, who professed arms in consequence of
solemn vow, who received the honour of
knighthood with particular ceremonies, and who
from that time went about succouring distressed
virgins, and subduing other prolessors of arms
who appeared to have no business but to perpe
trate wrongs for the champions of virtue to re
dress ; but whence these evil genii, thtic discour
teous knights, arose, and how virgins came to
be in perpetual danger from their attempts, never
appeared till Voltaire withdrew the veil.
All Europe being reduced to a state of anarchy
and confusion On the decline of the house of
Charlemain, every proprietor of a manor or lord
ship became a petty sovereign; the mansion
nouse was lortineu oy a moai, aeienueu oy a
guard, and called a castle. The governor had a
party of seven or eight hundred men at his com
mand, and with these he used frequently to make
excursions, which commonly ended in a battle
with the lord of some petty state of the same
kind, whoe cusile was then pillaged, and the
I women and treasures born off by the conqueror,
j During this stale of universal hostility, there was
no meiHilv communications between the provin
ces, nor any high roads from one part of the
kingdom to another; the wealthy traders, who
then travelled from place to place with merchan
dize and their families, were in perpetual danger:
the lord of almost every castle extorted from them
on the road; and, at last, some one more rapacious
than the rest seized upon the whole cargo, and
bore off the women for his own use.
Thus casiles became the warehouses of all
kinds of rich merchandize, and the prisons of
distiessed females whose fathers or lovers had
been plundered or slain, and who being therefore
seldom disposed to lake the thief or murderer i
into favour, were in continual danger of a rape.
But at some are always distinguished bv vir
tue in the most general defection, it happened
that many lords insensibly associated to renress
! these sallies of violence and rapine, to secure
. . - . . s
property, and protect the ladies. Among these
were many lords of great seifs, and the associa
tion was at length strengthened by a solemn vow,
and receiving the sanction of a religious ceremo
ny. By this ceremony they assumed a new
chancier, and became knights. As the first
knights were men of the highest rank, and the
largest possessions, such having most to lose,
audi least temptation to steal, the fraternity was
regarded wiih a kind of reverence, and by iliosr j
against whom it was formed. Admission into
the order was deemed the highest honour, many
extraordinary qualifications were required in a
candidate, and many new ceremonies were added
at his creation. Altar having fasted from sun
rise, conlessed himself, and received the sacra
ment, he was dressed in a while tunic, and placed
by himself at a side table, where he was neither
tu speak, lo smile, nor to cat, while the knights
and ladies w ho were lo perform the principal
parts of the ceremony, were eating, drinking,
and making merry at the great table. At night
his armour was conveyed to the chuch where
ihe ceremony was to be . performed, and here
having watched wiih it till the morning, he ad
vanced with his sword hanging about his neck,
a,ld receiving the benediction of the priest. He
then kneeled down before the lady who was lo
put on his armour, who being assisted by per
sons of the first rank, buckled on his spurs, put
a helmet on his head, and accoutred him wiih a
coat of mail, a cuirass, braclets, cuisses and
gauntlets. Being thus armed cap-O'pie. the
knight who dubbed him struck him three times
over ihe shoulder, with the flat side of his sword,
in the name of God, St, Michael, and Si. George.
He was then obliged to watch all night in all his
armour, with his sword girded, and hia lance in
his hand. From litis time the knight devoted
himself to the . redress of those wrongs which
" patient merit of the unworthy takes," to secure
merchants from the rapacious cruelty of banditti,
and women from ravishers, to whose power the)'
were, by the particular confusion of the times,
continually exposed.
From this view of the origin of chivalry it will
be easy to account for Ihe castle, the mote, and
ihe bridge,which are found in romances; and as
to the dwarf, he was a constant appendage of
rank and fortune in those times, and no castle
therefore could be without him. The dwarf and
a buffoon were then introduced to kill time, as
the card table is at present. It will also be easy
to account for the multitude of captive ladies,
whom the kights, upon'seizing a castle, set at
liberty, and for the prodigious quantities of Use
less gold and silver vessels, rich stuffs, and other
merchandize, with which many apartment! in
these castles are said to have been filled. .
The principle lords who entered into the con
fraternity of kuights used to send their sons to
each other, to bt educated, far from their parents,
in i,he mystery of chivalry. These youths, be
fore they arrived at the age of one and twenty,
were called Bachelors, or lias chevaliers. Inferior
knights, and at that age they were qualified to
receive the order. i...";
Tliese knights who first appeared about the
1 1 th century, flourished most in the time, of the
Crusades. The feudal lords, who led their vas
sals under the banner, were called Knights Ban
nereis. The right -f -merthing; itwops under
their own colours was hot the consequence of
tli eir knighthood, bnte(i.beir.. poweefL,,The greet
privilege .of knighthood was neither civil nor mil
itary, with respect to tho state, bnt 'consisted
wholly in the part assigned. them in those san
guinary sports called tournaments, for neither a
bachelor nor esquire was permitted to tilt with a
knight.
i Various orders of the knighthood were at
length "institttted W sovereign princes t the Gar
ter, by Edward III., of England t the Golden
f Fieere fFhffip tfii ma'MWf'Burmtdf
and Bu Michael, by Ltuis XI. of France, t rota
this time ancient chivalry declined to an empty
names when sovereign princes established regu
lar companies in their armies, 'knights bannerets
were no more, though it wss still thought an
honor to be dubbed by a great prince or victori
ous hero, and all who professed arms without
knighthood, assumed the title Esquire.
There is scarce a prince in Europe that has
not thought fit to institute an order of knight
hood, and the simple title of Knight, which the
kings of England confer on private subjects, is
a derivation from ancient chivalry, although very
remote from its source.
Prediction of the First Eclipse.
BY MOr. O. MITCH KtL.
To :hpse wh6 have given but little attention
lo the subject, even in our own day, with all the
aids of modern science, the prediction of an e
clipse seems sufficiently mysterious and unintel
ligible. How, then, it was possible, thousands
of years ago, to accomplish this same great ob
ject, without any just views of the structure ol
the system, seems utterly incredible, rollow
me, then, while I attempt to reveal the reasoning
which led to Ihe prediction of the first eclipse of
the sun, the most daring prophecy ever made by
human genius. Follow, in imagination, this bold
interrogator of the skies to his solitary mountain
summit withdrawn from the world surround
ed by his mysterious circles, there to wstch and
ponder through the long nights of many, many
years, ffut hope cheers mm on. and smooths
his rugged pathway. Dark and deep ss is the
problem, he sternly grapples with it, snd resolves
never to give over till victory crowns bis efforts.
He has already remarked that the moon's
track in the heavens crossed the sun's, and that
this point of crossing was in some -way immedi
ately connected with the coming of the dread e
ciipse. He determines lo watch and learn wheth
er the point of crossing was fixed, or whether
ine moon, in eacn successive revolution, crosseu
the sun's path at a different point. If the sun in
his annual revolution could leave behind him
track of fire, marking his journey among the stars.
it is found that this same track was followed from
year to year, and fioni century to century, with
undeviaUng precision, liut It was toon discov
ered that it was far different with the moon. In
case she, too, could leave behind her a silver
thread of light, sweeping round the heavens, in
completing one revolution, this thread would not
! join, but would wind around among the stars in
each revolution, crossing the sun s fiery track at
a point west of the previous crossing. I hese
points of crossing were called the moon's nodes.
At each revolution the node occurred further
west, until, alter a cycle of about nineteen years,
it had circulated in the same direction entirely a
round the eclipt:c. Long and patiently did the
astronomer watch and wait : each eclipse is du
ly observed, and its attendant circumstances are
recorded, when, at last, the darkness begins to
give way, and a ray of light breaks upon his mind
He finds that no eclipse of the sun ever occurs.
unless the new moon is m the act of crossing
tht sun' 'm track. Here was a grand discovery.
He holds the key which he believes will unlock
the dread mystery ; and now, with redoubled en
ergy, he resolves lo thrust it into the wards, and
drive ba:k th? bolts,.
To predict sn eclipse of the sun. he must sweep
forward from new moon to new moon, until he
finds some new, moon which should occur while
the moon was in the act of crossing from one
side to the other of the sun's fack. This cer
tainly was invisible. He knew the exact period
from new moon to new moon, and from one
crossing of the ecliptic to another. With eager
eyes he seizes the moon's places in the heavens,
and her age, aud rapidly computes where she
crosses at her next change. He finds . the new
moon occurring far from the sun's track; he
looks around another revolution ; the place of the.
new moon falls closer lo the sun's path, and ihe
next year closer, until, reaching forward with
piercing intellectual vigor, he at last finds a new
moon which occurs precisely at the computed
time of the passage across the sun's trackSvflere
he makes a stand, and on the day of the occur
rence of that new moon, he announces to the
startled inhabitants of the world, that the sun
shall expire in dark eclipse. Bold prediction !
Mysterious prophet! With what scorn must
the unthinking world have received this solemn
declaration ? . How slowly do the moons roll a
way, and with what intense anxiety does the
Stem philosopher aWait the coming of that day
which should crown him with victory, or dash
htm to the ground in ruin or disgrace ! Time to
him move on leaden wings ; day aftcr.diy, and.
at last, hou,r after hour, roll heavily. The- last
night is gone the moon has disappeared from
his eager gaze, in her approach to the sun, and
the dawn of the eventful day breaks in beauty on
the slumbering world.
This daring man, stern in his faith, climbs a
lone to his rocky home, and greets the sun, as
he rises and mounts the heavens, scattering
brightness and glory in hia path. Beneath him
is spread out the populous city, already terming
with life and activity. The busy morning hum
rises on the still air, and reaches the watching
place of the solitary astronomer. Tho thousands
below him, unconscious of his intense anxiety.
joyously pursue their rounds ef business, their
cycles of amusement. J he sun alow ly climbs
the heavens, round andjright, and full-orbed. .
The lone tenant of the mountain, too, almost
begins to waver in the sternness oi his faith, as'
the morning hours roll away. ' Uut. the time of
hts triumph, long delayed,, at length beginsto
dawn a pale and sickly 'hue creeps over the Jaw
of. iuture:lTbe . son jiaa-. reached, hit . highest
point, but his splendor , u dimmed hit light is
feeble., At last it comes i Blackness if eating
awrsy his round disefonyrard;1 with slow but
steady pace, the dark veil movesblackej than
a . thousand ..nights the gloom deepens the
ghasdy hue of death covers the universe the
JatryV.VgneTend'Tforw
terror fills the murky air the clangor of brazen
trumpets resounds an agony of diipair dashes
the stricken millions to the ground, while that
lone man," erect ou hit rocky summit, with arms
outstretched to heaven, pours forth the -grateful
-g ushinga of itis heart to XSwdr who had -crow tied
hit efforts with triumphant victory.. -
8eTrtlre iwois of ou r Wce."and pnrot Tnei
it you can, to a scene more grand, more beauiw
ful. It is, to me. the proudest victory that genius
ever won. - It was the conquering of Nature, of
Ignorance, or auperstition, or Terror; all at a sin
gle blow, and that blow struck by a tingle man.
Aod now, do you demand the name of this won
derful man ? Alas! what a lesson ol the instabil
ity of earthly fame are we taught in this simple
recital ! He who bad raised himself immeasu
rably above his race, who must have been re
garded by his fellows as little lets than a god, who
had inscribed his fame on the very heavens, end
had written it in the sun, with a pen of iron,
and the point of a diamond" even this one has
perished from the earth name, age, country, all
are swept into oblivion ; but the proud achieve'
ment stands. The monument reared to his hon
or s'ands ; and although the touch of Time has
effaced the lettering of his name, it is powerless.
and cannot destroy the fruits of his victory.
A thousand years roll by ; the sstronomer
stands on the watch-towei of Babylon, and writes
Tor posterity the records of an eclipse this re
cord escapes destruction, and ie safely wafted
down the stream of time. A thousand years roll
away; the old astronomer, surrounded by the
fierce but wondering Arab, again 'writes and
marks the day which witnesses the sun's decay.
A thousand years roll heavily away; once more
the astronomer writes, from amidst the gay throng
that crowds the capital of Europe. Record Is
compared with recoid, date with dile.'revoluiion
with revolution, the past snd present together
another struggle commences another triumph
is won. Little did the Babylonian -dream that
he was observing for one, who, after a lapse of
three thousand years, should rest upon this very
record the successful resolution of one of Nature's
darkest mysteries.
The Democratic National1 Convention.
Just at the close of the Convention, Genera
Sjunders called for the reading of the report of
the committee on resolutions establishing the
Platform of the Democratic party, and demanded
. i . . ..
uie previous question on us adoption. It was
adopted with only a few dissenting voices.
It was determined lhat the next Convention
be held in ihe city of Cincinnati, and that no
State shall be represented by more that two del
egates for each electoral vote. A General Dem
ocratic Committee was appointed.
We insert a full table of the ballottngs, and the
resolutions composing the Platform of the party,
as matters proper for newspaper record and for
ihe tatisfaction of the public of all parties,
VOTES IN THE DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION
S . e1
c 4 . s . i I a
Votes. a J? o .cc ! 'C
9 f m S: -s Z B
3 o3oo.a v H
a.SM2 JDO S.
1st . . 116 83 20 27 2 8 13 3 6
2nd . .118 85 23 27 1 6 13 3 l
3rd . . 119 94 2l'26 1 7 3 3 1 3
4th . . U5 89 33 25 1 7 13 3 2
5th , . 114 8 34'26 1 8 13 3 1
6th . . 114 88 34'26 1 8 13 3 1
7th . . 113 88 34 26 1 9 13 3 1
8th . 113 88 34 26 1 9 13 3 1
9th . . 112 87 39127 1 8 13 1
lOti . . Ill 86 4d 27 1 8 14 1
11th . 101 87 50 27 -1 8 13 1
12th . . 98 88 51 27 1 9 13 1
13th . . 98 88 6l!26 1 in 13 1
14th . . 99 87 51 26 1 10 13 1
15th . . 99 87 5t 26 1 10 13 1
16th . . 99 87 51 26 1 10 13 1 .
17th . 99 87 50 26 1 U 13 1
18h . . 96 85fi6 25 1 11 13 1
19th . . "89 85 63 26 1 10 13 1
20lh . 81 U264 26" 1 10 13 1
21st . . 60 102-64 26 13 9 13 1
22d - 4 43 10477 26 15 9 13 1 .
23d . . , 37 10478 27 19 C 13 1
24th . . '33 103 80 26 23 9 13 1
25th . . -34 101 39 26 24 10 13 1
26th . . 33 101 80 26 24 10 13 1
7th . .' 32 985 26,24 9 13 1
28th , . .1 28 96 88 2625 11 13 1
29th . . 27 98 91 26 25 12 13 1
30lh . , . 33 91 92 26 20 12 13 1
3 1st . ; 3 83'92 26 18 8 1
32d ' . . 93 74 80 26 1 6 1
33d 1 . , 123 726o 25 1 6 11
34th . . 130 49 53 33 1 5 16
35th . . 131 39 52 44 1 5 1 15
36th . . 122 28 43 58 1 5 1 30
37th . ., 120 28 34 70 1 & 1 29
3th . . 107 28 33 84 1 5 1 29
39th . 1 106 28 33 85 1 5 - 1 29
40th . 107 27 33'85 15 1 29
4 1st . 17 27 33 85 1 5 1 29
42d . . 101 27 33 91 1 6 1 29
43d . '01 27 33 91 15 1 29
44th . k 101 27 33 91 1 5 1 29
45th .. . '. 1 96. 27 32 97 1 6 1 21
46th . . 78 28 32 98 l 6 1 44
47th . . 76 28 33 95 1 5 I 4C
48;h . . 72 28 33 89 1 6 1 65 3
49th . ., 2 2 1 1 j 282
THE DEMOCRATIC PLATFOR1M. i
Resolved, Tha't the American democracy place
their trust in the intelligence, the patriotism, and
the discriminating justice of the American peo
ple.' . . : ' ,
Resolved, That we regard this at a- dialinc
live feature of our political creed, which we are
proud Id:
moral element in a form of government,-springs
ing from and opheld byUhe r popular-will J and
we contrast it wiih the creed and practice of fed
eralism under whatever name or. form, which
seeks to palsy the willof the. constituent, -- and
which conceives no imposture too monstrous lor
tne 'popular credulity.
hesofve therepre, Jht entertaining these j
views, the democratic party o" this Union. through
their delegates assembled in a general convention
of the Slate, coming together lit a tpirit ol con
cord, of devotion to the doctrines and faith of a
free-Tepreientja live government, and appealing to
iheir lellow- ekixene lor ihe Teetrindeof their in
tentions, renew and re-asseri, before the Ameri
earfw
by them when, on former occasions, in general
convention, they . presented their -candidates for
the popular suffrages ! ' '
T. That the federal government It' one'oif .limi
ted powers, derived solelyfrom the ; eonatitutiohV
and the grants of power made therein ought, to.
be strictly construed by all the department and
agents of the government ; add that t ii inexmv
dient and dangerous to exercise-doubtful consti
tutional powers. r !
2. That the constitution does not ennfer'ooon
the general government the power to commence
and carry on a generel system of iuterna.ll im
provements. ''v -
3. That the constitution does not confer , an
thorny upon the federal government, directly- or
indirectly, to assume the debts of the several
Slates, contracted for local internal improvements;
or other State purposes ) nor would such assump
tion be just and expedient.'.' 7,, !
.4. That justice and sound policy forbid the
federal government to foster one branch ( indus
try to the detriment of sny other, or to. cherish
the interests of one portion lo the injury of sn
other portion of our common country ; lhat ev
ery citizen, and every section of- the country,
has a right to demand and insist upon an equali
ty of rights and privileges, and to complete and
ample protection of persons and property . from
domestic violence or foreign aggression. tf
5. That it is the duty of every branch of the
government 10 enforce and practice the most rig-
iu economy in conducting our public arUirs,.anq
that no more revenue-ought to be raised than is
required to defray Ihe necessary expenses of the
government, and for the gradual but certain ex-
iincuon 01 ttie public debt. t
8. That Congress has no nower to charter a
national bank ; that we believe such an . institu
tion one of deadly hostility to the best mlereiita
of the country, dangerous to our republican intli- .
unions aim ine liberties or ihe people, and cal
culated .to place ihe business of ilie country wiih
in" the control of m concentrated linqney power,
and above the laws and the will of the people
and that the results of democratic legislation, in
this and all other financial measures upolTwhicli 7
issues have been made between the two'poJitii
cal parties of the country, have demonstrated to
candid and practical men of all parlies their
soundness, safety and utility in all business pur-
suits.
7. That the separation of the moneys of the
government from banking institutions is Indis
pensable for the safety of ihe funds of the gov
ernment and the rights of ihe people.
8. That the liberal principles embodied by
Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence, and
sanctioned in the constitution, which makes ours
ihe land of liberty, and the asylum of the op
pressed of every nation, have ever been cardinal
principles in the democratic faith j snd every at
tempt 10 abridge the' present privilege of becoming
citizens and the owners of soil among n. ough;
to be resisted with the same spirit which swept
the alien and sedition la ws from our tatute books,
9. That Congress has no power under the
constitution to interfere with or control the do
mestic institutions of ihe several States, and that
such States are the sole and proper judges of
everything appertaining to their own affairs, not
prohibited by the constitution; that all efforts of
the abolitionists or others made to induce Con
gress to interfere.with questions of slavery, or fo
lake incipient steps in relation thereto, are cal
culated lo lead to the most alarming and danger
ous consequences 1 and that all such efforts have
an inevitable tendency to diminish the; happiness
of the people, and endanger the stabili y and per-
manency of ihe Uuion, and ought not to be
countenanced by any friend of our political in
stitutions. 4
Pesolved, Thai the foregoing proposition cov
ers and wai intended to embrace the whoU anh.
ject of slavery agitation in Congress, and there-
ore mo ycmocratic party.nl the Union, standing
upon this national platform, will abide and
adhere to a faithful execution of the act known
as the compromise measures, settled by the las)
Congress the act for the reclaiming of fugitive
Irrrln service or labor included which act, being
designed to carry out an(express provision of the
Constitution, cannot, withfidelitv thereto, be re.
pealed or so changed as lo destroy or impair its
CMII'ICUCy,
. Resolved, That the Democratic Dartv will r.
sist all attempts at renewing fn Congress or but
of it, the agnation of ibe Slavery question," tinder
what ever shape or color the attempt ihaV be
made. '.1 '- 1 -
Retolved, That
the proceeds" of the nublfa
lands
ands ought to be sacredly applied to the national
ot)ec:s specified in ihe consiimimn .
injects specified in Ihe constitution ,, ar
are opposed to any law for the distribution of
Hiu-n jrocees among tne atates, as alike inex
pedient in policy, and repugnant to the constitu
tion. J '
Resolved, That we are decidedlv nnno..
taking from ihe President ihe qualified tcio
power, by which he Is enabled, under restrictions
and responsibilities, amply , stiflicipnt td g6ard ,
the public interest, to suspend'the passage of a
bill whose merits cannot secure ih nnnm.l f
tw
o-thirds of the Schato and Hnue of Itepre--
senlatives until the iudffment nf tl nnnt. - -
be obtained thereon, and which' has saved the
American people from the corrunt and Iv'mnnnl.
cal domination of the Bank of, ihe United States,
ana irom corrupting system of general internal
improvements. -
Resolved, That the Democratic -sti
faithfully abide by and uphold the DrinclnfV. U',A
down in the Kentucky and Virginia . rpsoluiiotte
of 1708, snd in the report of Mr. Madison to
the Virginia Legislature in 1799 : that it adnnt.
ifwT'PTinfrplwi
foundations of its political creed, and is resolved -I
to carry theni out in their obvious.: meaning siuT
import. ' '' 1 '
Resolved, That the War with! Mi!l '
all the principles of patrotUm and the lawt Tbf
.....u.i, a.jusi ami necessary war on our
ji'ver shown himself on the aide "of his country
,u iivu very American CJtizeu si: