Newspapers / The Franklin Times (Louisburg, … / Dec. 6, 1935, edition 1 / Page 12
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Orchard Is Valuable . , Asset For Both Home And Commercial Uses i * , By A. B. SCH1LLBTTBB (Extension Horticulturist, Clemson CoOegt, 8. C.) There is no >u t? in the south where con dition* are more ffcvorabls on every farm for the production of fruits for home use thsn In South Carolina. The state Is lees Adapted to apples and cherries than some ?f the other fruits, yet on farms in all sec ttqus of South Carolina certain varieties of ?pples are found growing successfully. Cher nes do not ssem to bear profitably except ftn s few of the western counties, where the ?oil Is fairly stiff." Such fruits as peaches, plums, grapes, strawberries, dewberries, and blackberries, however, grow and produce well In all sec tions. In the central section or Sandhill belt, dewberries, grapes, and peaches are especially profitable. Care Of Orchards After baring worked with farmers In all sec Hons of the etate for several years, I am thor oughly convinced that there la only one rea son why South Carolina farmera are not well supplied with fruit direct from their own fsrms the year round, and that reason Is the lack of proper care of orchards. To show the actual value In dollara ahd cents of a well kept home orchard, a num ber of reault demonstrations home orchard management were arranged several yean ago. The demonstrators were required to keep ac r curate records of all expenditures. Including > ' spray materials, containers, and labor such as pruning, spraying, thinning, cultivation, worming, harvesting, etc. A summary of results on 39 orchards shows that they contained 3.635 trees, which pro duced 6,443 bushels of fruit. Much of this was sold as fresh fruit and 4,133 quarts were canned and 456 pounds were dried. The to tal gross value from these orchards was $6, 660. is and the cost was $1,273.73, leaving a total prqflt of 66,386.41. Net Profit Substantial According to tbm record*, the average or chard codiUM of 138 trMa. which produced 1M buahel* of fruit. Beside* fmb fruit (old, the imn amount canned from each or ahard vaa 141 quart* ahd tit* average amount dried waa !? pound* Th* avwrag* jpoaa wlue at. product* par oechard vaa *33?.U. the av *ra?a coat b*lng MSA. leaving a net profit The frulta represented lb theae orchard* and ft van In the order of their popularity ar*: peachea. applea. grapes. pea i?. cherrla*. plum*, pecan*, fig*, and apricot*. No on* orchard PN an frulta but they all aont*ln*d ?urn or mora. Theae figures fern to call attention to the possibilities which a veil managed orchard po? ***** In e applying fruit for born* u*a and to aoma extant for aala. They a re wen worth the consideration of thoaa who hare orchard* wljlch could he renovated or theae who ' con template plantlM sew onea. Planlag The Orchard The following point* ahould be oonaldatad when a home orchrid: orahfurd ahoukl be on an eleTttod lo eatlon. It la not wlae to *et treea In a -flat." In low placea lata froat often kill* the fruit. Tb* bait eotl On the farm 1* none too good for the farm orchard. The aoll ahould be prepared thoroughly be fore planting by breaking aa deeply a* po*-" alble and harrowing to pulverla*. It I* alway* beat to purchaae treea direct from a reliable nuraery that 1* Inspected reg ularly by rtate official*. Tree* are propagated principally by bud ding and grafting. SeedllAg treea are un dealrable. a* they seldom produoe good fruit. In planting treea. It 1* bast to fcemov* all Injured limbs and root* and make holea large enough to allow the roots to take natural pfltltlfltlli Cultivate Regularly Tree* ahould be cultivated reguarly. They respond to good treatment aa vreu as any of the cultivated crop*.' Treea will not do well or produoe good crop* In poor aoll without liberal fertilisation. For the flrat two or three years two or three row* of any of the low-growing crop* can be grown between the row* of trace. Grain ahould never be allowed to mature In cr Legumlnoua cover crop*, sown regularly In September and turned under In early spring, will take the place of a large amount of fer Ths diseases of ths tree* and fruit* are nu merous. Th* only method of controlling them I* by spraying. th* entire^ jear. ahould always b* aalscted tor | Planting Time Now < Tree planting time, Juet as aoon M Ihe frost baa knock ad tbe leaves from the trees and their dormant sssson baa started, la about here Tree planting time la over when the treea begin to bud la tbe aprlng. In South am ellmatea It 1a generally a good plan to aet tbe tree* during November and December . When a {aw hundred or leee Ueee are to ke aet the following la a good method to fol low. Aa aoon a* tbe treea arrive from the nursery they should be heeled-tn to protect them from dying out baton they are plant ad. Dig a hole two feet aquare and two feet deep. Put tbe aoO that comes from the top ? the bole otl one aide and (be eoil tram tbe lower part oo another tide. Tbe robta at tbe young treea are pruned by removing all oL the broken or Injured enea and tboaa that are too long Mr tbe hole. Ike earth from the top of the bole la thrown Into the bottom and mixed with ? couple ot forkfuls at well rotted manure or a pound of Mea meal or a pound of o6t ftanlng New Trees The tree la than aet In the center of the hole. Tbe Mad la taed to work some aoll up under the roots and the tree la put Into the hole one Inch or so deeper than it stood In the nursery row. Aa mora SOU la thrown into the hole It la tramped down aa tight aa poaalble; some planters Me a tamper or I * ? to ram In the dirt. Flu the hflte at the top with the sou from the bottom <X the hole and be sure to fill the hole in a few * Inches higher than the surroundli^ land In erder to take cars of tbe settling. After the planting is flntahed and all of the tools are taken to the next Bole, then FRUIT CROPS Home Orchards Are Profitable Spraying the Apple orchard for coo tool of bitter root and coddling moth at Pores Knob, N. C. ' *? ' ' . I ? 'i 1 .. J ? '+ ' ? ' 1 l- . ' 1 r ?? Number Of Apple T rees Decreased By 120,800,000 In Last 30 Years KJUMBER of apple trees in the I* United Stale* today is consider ably leas than half the num be r re ported in the agricultural census of 1910. From 1 4 1 0 R> 192-5 there was a net decrease of 79, 100, 000 trees. From 1925 to 1930, there was anothet decrease of 21,709.000 trees, .making a total decrease of 46 per cent in the 20-year period. Since 1M0 a further decrease of 10.000,000 tres* has oc cured. Bringing the total of all appls treea In commercial and faun orchards down to about" 88,000,000. Although this tremendous falling off has bean dus 'truly to economic forces, ths cold winters of ltils-*4 and 1SM-S*. and feeeat drought years has* taken a beary toll. Six teen per cent at the reduction In UM last flea years Is attributed by. the bureau of agricul tural economies to this csuas. Ninety to M per cent of tress killed In this manner were of bearing age. The 1935 Crop During ths firs years from 1M0 to IBM production has areraged about 152.000,000 bushels a year, a dscresss of (J per cent from the prsrlous firs year psrlod. Ths 1036 crop Is estimated now at 188,000.000 bushels, a relatively largs production. - Although ths number of apple treea ef bearing age has decreased 30 to 15 per cent In the last ten years, potential producing ca pacity of all orchards has been nearly main tained by an Increased producing capacity par bearing tree, and there has been no short sge of apples on the srerage. N Apple prteea declined aharffly from in* to 1Mb, largely M*?* 0* (Muwd comumt buying pewec. Ovtni t? * reduction In tlx crap W 1M4. prices tut to (0 oenta t tau*b#l. . la the South Atlantic state* this year they eo orate a* againat "" oepta laat year.. , . . . .. . Eastern luttt Suffer t . Purine the lait an year* ? mi to IMS? "the ?M>nil atatee, which Include New Eng land. the middle Atlantic and the couth At IfnMo atatea, produced about M, 000, MO buahela of applea.ra annum, .or about ?1 per oent at the total United St* tea crop. Ike freeae . at lftM-M JtJUed or eo badly Injured that they are expected to die. at leaat a, too .ooo tree*, awl aeverely Injured many more. Moat of theae of courae wen 111 "?w England and New York. Production In thla area declined In 1M4-M by 7,900.000 bushels Ma result, and a large part of thla deereaae repreeeiUe a permanent reduction In the po tential bearing capacity in theee states. ' The Export situation / W Applet hate been - as agricultural export lor onr 100 yean, filming their greateat Importance following the World war. A* much aa ? one-fifth of , the commercial crop of the Onltad Mate* hae bean exported in Export* hare declined alnoe the deprradon, owing to a combination of unfarorable clr cumitancea. Probably the moat Important factor baa been the raising of trade barrlera In many countries. Other reason* ban been amall American crpp*, Increasing competi tion fifcm the fruit of other exporting coun tries, and raduoed purchasing power in all Importing countries. Apple ex porta cannot be expected to expand much unle** preaent trade barrlera are modified or remoTed. Fruit Production Increases Despite AcreageDecrease Production Per Bearing Tree And Abandonment Of Speculative Ranting Chief Cauae. (By A Staff Writer) Combined iern|i of 411 fruit, in tlx tmit <4 States haa been declining tat tba past at EJ-- W7U>" '* PM?toi?al, t Wat baa been a steady Increase In production in spite Of tba acreage decline, fncreaee In citrus fruit production, largely due to speculative and promotional planting, is a primary fac tor back* of the paradox. Decline In tree numbers accompanied by Increased production la Indicative of the Char-, acter at tba shift which baa taMn place la certain of tba frulta, and la *?n?g place M the present time la others. Heavy planting of apple trsea between 1908 and 1913 was made In# many localities not pnme the newly est tree. If pruned before setting a limb is apt to M bfokeh or In jured during the planting; It Is therefore preferable to learn the pruning until the last. Never expose the roots at a tree to the sua or wind while taking. It to the field or get ting the hole ready tor tba plant. If there is delay put the young tree to one side and ooeer Its roots with a few shovels of earth until ready to place It In the hole. Avoid planting traea while the ground la 52w?Un ??mmerclw ?ppl? production. During the next 20 year*. mujy of these ^ree? "*? * production, and between 1B10 and 1030 apple tree number* declined about " P" Plan tinge in favorable loca tion! remained, however, and theee with ad. J^^al pUnUng*. ?v??? resulted In an In ? ? j?? --v-w^b j/iwmuuu per dc arm a ?Ty*? pSod 80 p*r ?*nt <,urin* ,am* other fruit* have passed through the aame cycle. Planting* of oftrua tree* waa heavy between IMo and 1#?0. Low producing ac n Si!?" "" <?t of production, ?taoe the conaumer demand for all fruit* ootnbtned Is *uch that imall crop* tend to re auft In about the eame gross return to nro ducera a* large eeop*. changes In the total groae Income for fruit are dependent larvelv upon ohangea In conaumer buying power raua, as conaumsr buying power 1* elmect ^ *>* . higher ln i?88 than tn IMS. some K',*1' groaa Income from frmt be ?<pected. thla at Uut. tSSJSTT*? too??" 01 -??f*ul??i Jul' 0?P* WU1 be (mailer, gen ?PP'era to be favorable to the ^ort trad* to the Waited Statea during the of this year. Prom the long-time standpoint, Mwever, producer* In this couH 27 .UT y* 'ntareetac tn the fact that many ofthe Huropean countries are making good hSTTnd?Jr>rOV"1<t "d "P*"""18 TUI? wflf mean that a larger proportion of -o ?! J"?* Production In the United f*1?* **Ch *?* 1,6611 ^cldedly upward for yef?' te to continue m that direction for the next ten years, provided no unmu* Ruction In .treT nu^'^ Cold Storage Stock Of Apples Forecast Better Price Level (By Oar NeW Tort Correspondent) Despite the Mary crop of applaa this m ths cold aton?* holding! as of November 1 ware lighter than last year. The storage hold '"I- are usually a food Indicator of tha sur plua of applaa left after fall harveat. The amaJJer reaervae are undoubtedly do* to the large crop of early varieties thla aea aon, severe (mil damage In the North weal lata In October rnd to good consumptive de mand during the paet two month*. Apple* hare been cheap and people bar* been tw in* a lot of applea. Thla seasons pieataat aurplua of applaa was In Virginia and adjacent etatee ao the stor age holdlnga In the South Atlantic group of ?tatee totals 6.3?SOOO bushels, or a larger quantity than In any of the peat fire yean. However, the export Remand haa been heavy thla aeaaon and ee*?|S Ukely to eontlnue ao. which will tend to absorb the aurplua In that area. Prices Par* Improved Prloes of applea were relatively lew during the harvest aeaaon but since then prloes have Improved slightly and Mm to be In a etrong poaltlon at present. Curiously snough. tb* large sized fruit Is mors difficult to sell la some lnstsncea than the small and medium becauae of the heavy surplus of largs si sea. Export markets require small to medium sixes for the most part and supplies havs been barely adequate of these sixes to supply both export and domestic trad*. Thla see ma to be one of those yeara when the aupply of late keeping applaa la light la proportion to the total crop and after all of the early varletlaa ve cleaned up, a some what firmer altuatlon may develop. Citrus fruits are lighter than last aeaaon. which ahould tend to strengthen the market through Increasing the demand for applea. O Acreage In Peaches Expands Rapidly In ? Western S. Carolina . " ? ? ii j ?. Rapid expansion ot peach acreage In West em South Carolina during recant years, la a subject of oomment In the annual outlook reports of the bureau of agricultural eco nomics, recently released. The bureau say* that sdne abandonment of old orchards In ttM Sand Rills district of the Oarollnas haa occurred, but mm plan Unfa In south Caro Llna tend to offset It. i ? A large part of the market supply of fresh peaches from June to the middle of August is produced In scran southern states, name ly. Georgia, Worth Carolina. South Carolina, Alabama. Tennessee. Arkansas and Tesaa. With average graving oondltlona. a crop of V about 15.000/XXJ t>aahels la likely to be pro duced in theae state*/ ? , Reeelve Batter Can The number of bearing treee in theae seven States haa declined during the past four at fire yars. Southern orchards in general, how ever. at* receiving better care than a few r* ago. and production may not decline accordance with the decrease In Tlrlllty of the trees. In many districts of the south a rather large proportion of tr?aa on beyond their producing prime. Developments In the peach Industry lncluda a continuation of thi" Increasing trend In marketing by motor truck, and a tendency to plant early-maturing varieties In an ef fort to lengthen the marketing season. With a crop ot ea.OoO.OOO bushels In 1S8S. the average price of peaches waa 88 cents a bushel. In the soutfi Atlantic states the average was 00 cents a bushel. Feachee used for canmng purposes are mostly California clingstone varieties, ex ports of fresh peaches are relatively unim portant. ? r* ORAPR CROPS INCREASED Indie* ted United State* production ot ta ble-grape vartttlee for 1888 1* 888000 ton*, of which California produced 882,000 tons. Thl? la approximately 12 per cent greater than the productivity of the present acre-' age at average yield*. Since repeal. con*ld ?jrable quantities of table-grape varieties have Deen need for the manufacture of commercial wine and brandy. O MICE ATTACK APPLB TREES By gnawing away sapwood from the trunk* and root* of apple trees, field mice will some time* ruin a good orchard during a single winter. Theee pest* may be controlled by and by putting out poisoned wheat bait. The bait may be placed in old tin can* or bottle* laid an their side*. O CANNING CONTEST WINNERS Cleveland and Rutherford counties, If. O. won tint place In the annual home demon stration -Canning contest held at State Col lege. The contest was oonducted In two di visions, one sponsored bv the Ball Brothers Company, which offered 175 In prises, and the other by the Kerr Company, with |50 in price*. Winners at the first contest were: ?fi?. Hunter Wan, of Cleveland- County, 828; Mrs. Anme Godwin, 1 Cleveland, 818: Mrs. Victor Penny, of Johnston, fcl2; Mlas Ellen Dixon ot Alamance, 110; lira. J. O. Oeer. of Rutherford, *8; and lira. P. S. Hagar, of Oas ton, 86. In the latter contest the winners were: Mrs. C. T. Nanney, of Rutb*rfo*l. 830: Mi*. A. P. Palls, at Cleveland, 818; Mr*. Annl* Godwin, of Cumberland. 810; Mn. W. O. Wat kins. of Vance. #8; and Ml*. W. P. Somen, of Alamance, 82. PLANNING TBI "*HOMB GARDEN "One of the" greatest pleasures I have I* planning, planting, and carldg for our home garden. It meana so much to the health of our family I don't know what I would do without It." said Mrs. Ernest P. Scott, Robe county, N. C. farm woman. "W? one# J the idea that a spring and summer gar-^ den waa sufficient, but now w* have learned better. When we did have a fall and win ter garden, we ate too much pork. "A* a result, our complexions were bad, we suffered from constipation and other ali ments, and we felt awfully alugglah. But now that w* have plenty ot vegetable*, Uua* trou ble* are eliminated. j
The Franklin Times (Louisburg, N.C.)
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Dec. 6, 1935, edition 1
12
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