"I7i tendency of Democracy i toward tkt titration of the Mutlrioni clM,the ixcremtt nf their comfort, thtmwrtion oflhttr dignity, tht ettablUhmtnt of tftrir power.'
BY ROBERT WILLIAMSON1, Jr.
MXCOITOST, Pi". C, SEPTEMBER 8, 1841,
VOLUME V, KO. 15
NEW T E 11 MS
OF
THE LINCOLN REPUBLICAN
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Tw'cnty-scvesilh Congress.
From the Globe, of Augunt 24.
CONGRESSIONAL ANALYSIS.
SENiTE.
Tin? morning, immediately af.er the rea
ding of the journal, the Fiscal Corporation
bill was received from the House of Repre
sentatives. Mr. Berrien moved that it have
its first reading, which was ordered, and
ihe bill read by its title. The Chair then
put the question ''Shall this bill be read a
second time?" A great majority of voices
replied in the negative. A division and
count being railed for, the Chair decided
there were 18 in the affirmative, and 17 in
the negative. A motion was then made
that it be read a second time now, which
required unanimous consent; and no disten
tion being heard, the Chair directed the
Secretary to read the bill. He had scarcely
commenced, however, when Mr.'AIlen in1
terposed an objection, hut the Chair decid
ed it was too late. This opinion was con
troverted by Messrs. Allen. Tappan, Clay
of Alabama, Mouion, nod sustained by
Messrs. Barrien, Clay of Kentucky, and
Tallmrv'ge, and the objection was eventu
ally withdrawn, and the bill read a second
time. Mr. Tappan moved that the bill he
indefinitely postponed, on which he deman
ded the ayes and noes. This motion caus
ed considerable fluttering, as the Whigs
were evidently in a minority, and Mr Ber
rien commenced speaking against time un
til the absentees could be drummed up.
He depicted in glowing terms the awful
. condition of the country, which this bill
was intended to relieve; and the extreme
danger of continuing the present union of
the purse and sword in the hands of the Ex
esutive. Five or six Whig Senators hav
ing come in, Mr. B. took his seat, and the
vote on indefinitely postponing the bill was
ayes 21, noes 24. Mr.. Berrien then mov
rd that it be referred to a Select Committee.
Mr. Clay of Kentucky seconded the motion;
nod, after referring to the great amount of
labor the former select committee had with
the Bank bill reported by them, requested
the Chair not to place him on the commit
tee to be raised on the present bill, as he
did not wish to have any thing particularly
to do with it. Whether he should support
the bdl or not, depended on whether his
friends on the committee could present
trnme practicable and useful scheme of a
Bank of the United States. Mr. Buchan
an said he would vote for the motion to re
fer this bill to a select committee, lie fell
too great a regard for the Senator from Ken
tucky to force this thin upon the Com
mittee on Finance, of which he was chair
man. A correct judge of human nature
had said that there was but one step be
tween the sublime and the ridiculous.
The great Whig party had taken that step,
when they demanded to create tins being,
called "The Fiscal Corporation of the Ui i
ted Siates.' If this tiling had derived it
name from iis nature, it ought to have been
called "The Kite Flying Fiscality." The
great Whig party had descended through
different gradations until they had at length
-sunk to this Fiscality; and he, for one,
should certa-nly not, by his vote, subject
ihe Senator to the mortification of becom
ing its sponsor. The question was then
taken on referring the bill to a Select Com
'fnittee, and it was agreed to.
Mr. King had understood thatthoseSen
ators who wished to speak on the Distri
bution bill were not prepared to go on with
the discussion to-day. If he had been mis
informed, he Would most readily withdraw
his motion.
Mr. Calhoun expressing his willingness
. to proceed with the discussion of the Land
bill, ir. King withdrew his motion, and
the Land bill was taken up, the question
being on i's passage.
Mr. Calhoun's exposition of the original
-sin in which this measure had its birth, and
the fatal .consequences with which it is
pregnant, was one of the finest, clearest,
and most impmive arguounts which, he
cvr delivered, i
lie first entered upon the constitutional
topic and this he illustrated with so many
original views, as to give it all the charm
of novelty, although it has been repeatedly
illuminated by the first minds of the Senate.
He next argueJ the subject in all its fi
nancial aspects, j He showed that this lan J
distribution was now introduced to form a
most baneful ingredient in that system of
prostitution by which, from the beginning,
ihe pure and simple institutions of our
country were to be worked up-into a cor
rupt moneyed Government. Jle gave the
outline of this mischievous scheme of over
shadowing lne.Coitiiulion, from its incep
lion in the first funding system, associated
wiih a banking corporation, down to the
fatal explosion of lie last. He depicted
the long struggle tlnl has incessantly agita
ted the country froii this cause, which,
like a volcano in ilsbosom, has given birth
to all the shocks it Us fell from its infan
cy io this hour. He!portrayed ihe violent
party rancor it had Engendered, and the
sad melancholy depravation of private mor
als, as well as of all "the elevated feeling
of patriotism, which sad issued from this
source. j
In connection with this view Mr. Cal
houn alluded to the, proposition of Mr.
Linn, lo dedicate thevlands to the defence
of the country, insteid of surrendering it
to increase the value of stocks (having no
claims upon ii) in the hands of the enemies
of the country. He ihowed that naval pre
paration was the great means of reliance in
maintaining our righ.'s against the only ri
val from which ihcy have any thing to ap
prehend, and he shw'ed that distribution
operated by a double process, to weaken
our naval arm. First, directly, by taking
from it the means which it was proposed
to appropriate, particularly to foster and
maintain it, and next,lndireet!jT,by rendering
the imposition of duties necessary, which,
in imposing restrictions on commerce, dim
inished our commercial marine, and de
stroyed, in the cradle, the herculean
strength which was thence, in time of war,
imparted to our navy.
Mr. Calhoun, front the recently publish
ed documents derived from the inquiries of
the Government, produced some extraor
dinary facis to mark the effects of ttie high
duties on the tonnage and trade of the nation.
We look no notes i:f the speech, and can
give, therefore, only in generals, from re
collection, the result of his comparisons.
lie showed that, from 1824 to 1830, which
comprised the epoch of the high tariff,
and the glorious days of the United Siates
Bank, as they have been so repeatedly ex
lolled, when domestic industry was so high
ly fostered by the one, and foreign com
merce by the other, both our tonnage and
trade had fallen off during the whole period,
although the natural growihofthe nation
had necessarilly greatly resisted the declen
sion produced by bad legislation. He
then took the period of disaster, as it has
been called by the Federal party the
epoch of the removal of the dpposites, the
pet bank system, and Sub-Treasury, and
of the reduction of the tariff". The docu
ments showed, that instead of falling off,
our tonnage had increased more than a
third, and our exports doubled. The docu
mentary facts exhibited by Mr. Calhoun,
make it perfectly manifest that all the wail
mgs about the ruin of the country, have
sprung from the imaginings and falsi
fication of hypocondrtac Federalism.
We shall be enabled, in a fw days, to
lay the speech itself before our readers,
which will be found an admirable comment
on the pnst, as well as present policy of
our Government.
After the close of Mr. Calhoun's speech,
Mr. Archer attempted a reply. He could
not get through with it, and the Senate
went into Executive session.
'ABSTRACT OF THE BANKRUPT
BILL, AS IT PASSED THE SENATE.
The first section establishes a uniform
system of Bankruptcy throughout the Uni
ted States, and provides that all persons
owing debts, who shall, by petition, setting
forth a list of their creditors, the amount
due each, with an inventory of thi'ir ptop
erty of any kind, verified by oath, appiy to
the proper court, shall be deemed a bank
rupt. All persons being merchant", or re
tailers, all bankers, factors, brokers, under
writers, or marine insurers, owing not less
than &20P0, shall he liable to become bank
rupts, and may, on petition of one or more
of their creditors, to whom they owe not
less than 3"00, be so declared in the fol
lowing cases, to wit: incase of departure
from the State, with intent to defraud ; of
having procured himself to be arrested, or
having removed goods for concealment, or
having fraudulently assigned. Any ruch
person, however, may have a trial by jury
to ascertain the facts.
The second section declares all fatere
payments made in contemplation of bank
ruptcy, or to prefer any creditor, fraudulent
and void, and the person making them
shall receive no discharge. So in case of 8
voluntary bankrupt if he secures any pre
ference to oie creditor over another, 'in
contemplation of the passage of this law,
he shall not receive a discharge, unless a
majority of the creditors assent to it.
jiv section third, all property of every
description, of every person declared a
bankrupt, except as is hereafter provided,
shall be ipso facto divested out of the bank
rupt, and the same shall be vested in such
assignee as shall be appointed by the court
suits pending by the bankrupt shall be
continued by the assignee, and no suit by
or against an assignee shall abate by death
of said assignee except such . necessary
household and kitchen furnitore'of the bank
rupt, as the assignee shall designate, - hav
ing reference m the amount to the family
and condition of the bankrupt, but in no
case to exceed in value 6300. and .also the
necessary wearing apparelv On exception
being taken to the determination of the as
signee, the matter to be decided by -the
court. , ;
The fourth section provides that every
bankrupt who faithfully complies with the
provisions of the act, shall be entitled to a
full disciiarge from all his debts, and certi
ficates to that effect granted him ; noi how
ever within 90 days of the decree being
granted, nor till seventy days notice shall
have been given to all his creditors to ap
pear and show cause why the certificate
should not be granted- Such bankrupt
shall at all times be subject to examination
orally, or upon written interrogatories, be
fore such court, on oath, in all matters re
lating to such bankruptcy, which are neces
sary for the purpose of justice. If in any
case of bankruptcy, a majority, in iinmber
and value of creditors who shall have pro
ved ihe debts, shall at ihe time of hearing
of the petition for a "discharge, file their
written dissent to the allowance of a dis
charge and certificate, to stub bankrupt, or
if, upon-such hearing, a discharge shall not
be decreed lo him, he may demand a trial
by jury, upon a proper issue to be directed
by the court, or he may appeal from that
decision to the Circuit Court. And if, up
on a full hearing, it shall be found by the
court or the jury, lhat the bankrupt has, in
all things, complied with the requisition of
this act, the court shal decree his dis
charge. Section fifth provides that creditors com
ing in and proving their claims shall be
paid pro rata, and no preference shall be
given except for debts due the United States,
and laborers in the service of the bankrupt,
when those of the latter shall not exceed
S25. Debts not due till a future day shall
have their value ascertained and allowed.
The sixth section gives the District Court
jurisdiction in all matters arising under this
act- The Court to "regulate the forms of
proceeding and the fees.
The seventh section provides that all pro
ceedings shall take place in the district
where the bankrupt resides.
By section eighth the Circuit Court has
concurrent jurisdiction with the District
Court of suits brought by the assignee a
gainst persons claiming an adverse interest,
or by such persons against the assignee,
touching any property or rights of proper
ty of the bankrupt transferable to, or vested
in, the assignee ; all such suits barred af.er
two years from the date of the bankrupt
cy. Section ninth, provides that all sales by
the assignee, shail be made as ordered by
the Court, and all assets paid into Court
within sixty days of the time of their re
ceipt, and the assignee shall give bonds for
the faithful discharge of his duties.
Section tenth requires the collections or
assets to be made as speedily as the inter
ests of the creditors will allow, and a dis
tribution of them to be made every, six
months, and all proceedings shall be closed,
if practicable, in two years.
Section eleventh gives the assignee au
thority to redeem and discharge any mort
gage, line, &.c. upon any properly, and to
tender due performance of the conditions
thereof, and also to compound debts, under
the order or direction of the court and
to show cause why such order or direction
should not be passed.
Section twelfth establishes the fees lo he
charged by the officers, and makes all the
proceedings matters of record.
Section thirteenth provides for rases in
which two or mre persons who are part
ners in trades become insolvent, & directs the
assignee lo distribute the proceeds of pro
perty, joint and separate, among their joint
and separate creditors according to equita
ble rules in all respects, except as relates
to the manner of distributing and disposing
of the proceeds of the' property of such
partners, the proceedings against them shall
be the same as if had against one person
alone.
The remaining sections prescribe the
forms of deeds lo be given by the assignee,
and the time when the act shall take etfect,
and the period of its duration.
Nci6 York Express.
From the Globe.
THE MAILS.
The incompetency-of . Mr. Granger for
the station he now fills is admitted in all di
rections. The total want of all vigor and
skill exhibited in the management of affairs
since that gentleman ha been Postmaster
General, lias become the subject of univer
sal complaint. , Many of ihe Whig presses,
among which are the Cincinnati Gazette,
the Boston Courier, and the New World,
havje joined, and may be said to "bo the
loudest in these complaints. Whilst the
National Iiifelligencer, the month-piece of
the Cabinet, if not of the Administration, is
compelled to notice and announce their ex
istence, we have heretofore abstained from
remarking on the subject, but ihe evil is
becoming so great thai private arrangement
for transmitting the mail are seriously
spoken of, and perhaps, will be made, if
the Department continues in the charge of
Mr. Granger in whose hands it must con
tinue to go fro.n bad to worse, until it be
coqjps a nuisance to the country. That
t:; '.it man feems never to have given a
ihongiit to any of his bureaus,. but that of
appointments. In that, certainly, he has
exhibited great activity. He has changed
the postmasters throughout the land, and
as if his wn incompetency could not work
confusion enough, his appointments seem
lo hare been made of the mot incompe
tent and ignorant among the applicants.
He las succeeded lo a marvel. We do
not jet our exchange papers with regulari
ty lot ,even those coming from within
tweniy-four hours travel. We have not
had the Richmond Enquirer for two weeks,
and iaost of our Southern exchange papers
are irregularly received. But as the Gov
erntEent cannot get its despatches sent by
the tiails, the distresses of the editorial
corps must be lost on Mr. Granger. We
do fcope the President will put some one
at tlie head of the Post Office Department
who will give some efficient attention to
the duties of the station duties which re
quire more intellect and labor than in a
mere executioner of petiy postmasters, the
extent of the present incumbent s capacity
and industry.
We give articles from the boston Cour
ier and the Pennsylvania!) on this subject.
Mr, Granger may rely upon it, his best
course is precipitate retreat; because, though
the Federal papers might sustain him in
any other position, in his unfitness, they
will never .sustain him where he is. Ills
too much a bread and butter business with
them, and they cannot afford to lose that
for a bolyday gentleman, though even so
thorough a partisan.
The Mails. Theie is a general com
plaint in our river towns of the miserable
arrangement of the mails, or of the neglect
of postmasters to perform their duties.
Wc go also in ihe cause of complaint ; for
there must certainly be a different arrange
ment of the mail to satisfy the wants of the
people in this valley. Letters and papers
directed to individuals living in villages be
tween the principal towns, and only a dis
tance of eight or ten miles from us, must
wail two or three days, and perhaps longer,
before they can get them. For instance, if
a letter or paper, be directed to West
Springfield, it must be carried lo S; 'tng
field, one day, and remain until the mad
returns the next; or if to Hatfield, it must
go to Greenfield one mail, and then be
brought back. We hope that a way mail
wiU be put on to the telegraph, for the con
venience of every town, or some other way
devised to satisfy the demands of the peo
ple. Northampton Courier.
The complaint above alluded to as gen
eral in the river towns, is by no means pe
culiar to the valley of ihe Connecticut. It
is current in all directions. It is of no use
to complain. Boston Courier.
The Post Office Department On our
first page will be found an article from the
Journal of Commerce on the subject of the
inefficient management of the Albany post
office. Our readers will remember the dc
nnncn'ion which resounded through the
country on the removal of the present in
cumbent at the expiration of his official
term, and the appointment of a competent
officer in the person of Mr. Flagg. li now
appears lhat it was not without good cause.
From the Albany Argus.
THE VETO MEETING AND PRO
CESSION. There has been nothing seen like it in
this ancient city, since the affair of Lafay
ette. No man could number the immense
multitude that thronged the Capitol Park
last evening, with banners, transparencies,
torches, music, &c, to listen lo the VE TO
MESSAGE of Tyler too." The broad
terrace and steps which stretch nearly a
cross the Capitol, the wide avenues and
spacious grounds about it, were filled, and
in the vicinity of the Reader's station, near
ly down to the large gate, elosely packed
with a dense mass, presenting to the eye
literally a sea of bumar, faces, while with
out the Park was collected another formid
able body of spectators, occupying all the
commanding positions about the palings
an in ihe adjacent buildings.
Notwithstanding the countless multitude
present, the excitement which had called
ihem together, and which gathered streng'h
as if by contact or sympathy, as congratu
lations passed round,, or as some strong
and familiar passage from the veto massage
came freighted with peculiar emphasis
from the stand, order reigned from one ex
treme lo the other of that vast concourse
The veto was read tbro'igh Trom "To ihe
Senate of the United States," to "John
Tyler," and well read, by Wia. Seymour,
Esq. and the enthusiasm with which it was
received, the shouts that went up at every
nail driven by the President into the coffin
f the Bank, told, in language -not to be
misiaken, the depth and suength of the
popular feeling on this subject, the deep
rooted hostility which pervades the De
mocracy every where to the re-cstablish-ment
of any Bank of the United States,
no matter what form of compromise or sub
terfuge it may be made to assume, and the
alacrity and good will with whiun they
can and w. 11 sustain those .who manfully
stand by them in the .vindication - of tlieir
cherished principles. .; V r
The meeting, winch cannot be desreibed
otherwise than as a spontaneous movement
of ihe people in their majesty and migb'.,
closed after the reading of the veto, by tha
adoption of the following resolution, which
went by acclamation :
"Resolved, That the members of Presi
dent Tyler's cabinet, who. have advised
him to approve the Bank bill, and thus to
violate the Constitution, and lo commit a
crime which would justly subject him to
the ridicule and scorn of all virtuous men,
are unworthy of the public confidence, and
ought at once to abdicate their places, that
they may be filled by persons more worthy
of public trust."
The procession then took up its line of
march to the music of several fine bands,
and with torches, through the several
streets indicated in the programme, display
ing at intervals transparencies emblazoning
'The Veto," short passages from the ve
to message, and other appropriate mottoes
and emblems.
It was verging towards midnight, when
the procession, diminished somewhat in
numbers, but with unabated animation and
in good order, returned to the Capitol Park,
and dispersed with renewed and hearty
cheering.
For the Lincoln Republican.
Mr. Thomas E. Bond, Jr., and Epis
copacy.
OR
WHO ARE THE SUCCESSORS
OF THE APOSTLES.
7 ' No. 1.
The common objections to the discus
sion of the subject.
1. It is objected that the discussion is
uncharitable.
Ans. Is it uncharitable when different
persons set up claims to the same proper
ty, to discuss these claims, although it
must inevitably turn out, that one of these
persons only, has a valid claim to this
propriety?
Is it uncharitable when we are convinced
that a person has lost his way, to do what
we can to convince him of his error and
put him right ?
And what is .the charity of the Gospel ?
Is it something which embraces or thinks
well of, all sorts of opinions, however
divers or opposed to each other? Gospel
charity aims at the good of mankind
The good of mankind is inseparably in
volved in the truth of God as revealed in
the Gospel. It follows therefore, that, that
which is most true is most charitable is
mosfc according lo this system of revealed
troth , is most according to the grace of
charity set forth by this truth.
The objection goes further and discoura
ges the discussion on the ground that
should it turn out, that Episcopacy was
necessary to a valid ministry, or to a true
Church; a very large portion of the Chris
tian world, would be declared without
a ministry and beyond the pale of the
Church.
Ans. While we do not admit that the
objection has any weight in a-matter whn
the truth depends upon fact, still it is to be
remarked that nttit u eiiw eniietlis of the
Christian world are Episcopalians or have
ihe Episcopacy.
2. It is objected that the discassion is
designed to establish an exclusive eVs'em.
Ans. The whole system of the Gospel
is exclusive.
1 am God and there is no rone e!e."
"No man comeih unto the Father but by
me." "Neither , is there salvation in 2tiy
other." "One Lord, one futh, one bap
tism." Is it an objection therefore to that
ministry which is to etand in tho place of
this one Lord, to prorrjulge thw one faith,
and to administer this one baptism, that it
should be one itself, and hence exclusive.
Besides, are not true Christians constantly
reminded that "there is one body" and "one
Spirit even as they arc called in one hope
of their calling," and lhat although there
are many members not having the same
oScc, yet they are "one body iu Christ"
and consequently . are exhorted "to slant! . .
fast in one spirit and one mind striving to- -gether
for the faith of the Gospel,'"' and
that under the influence of that one spirit
by which they were all baptized into hat .
one body, they are to "contend earnestly
for the faiih once delivered unto the fcarnts,
and to mark them that cause divisions and '
avoid them. -
3. It is objected that Churchmen bold
Episcopacy in common with papists, and :
hence should they substantiate their claimr,
would it not only be identifying them with
the Papacy ? .
Ans. No more than would the fact,
that all Christian denominations holding
the sacraments in common with papists.
"rove lhat in establishing the validity of
thtir 6acraments, they identified themselves
will, the Church of Rome. Truth irloes
not bttome error by its being united with
error in a corrupt Church. This objection
however is an old device started by the -papists
themselves for the purpose of divi
ding the English Church and producing
lissent. In the 16lh century a numbet of
friars were sent over from the Romish in
stitutions of Douay and Rheims to effect
the object. One of them named Cummin,
who contrived to be taken into the puritan
pulpits, afterward slated to a Romish'
Council, "I then preached against set
forms of prayer and called English prayers,4
English mass and have persuaded several
lo pray spiritually and extempore and this
hath so taken with the people, lhat the
Church of England has become as odious
to that sort of people whom I instructed as
the mass is to the Church of England,
and this will be a stumbling-block to that
Church as long as it is a Church." Sure
ly our opponents will not resort to the
tricks of Rome herself to hinder the peo
ple from considering the real claims of the
Church. The question is no whether the
doctrine be held by papists, but whether
it be Scriptural and true. Under the text,
1 Corinthians 12 c. 28 ., God hath set
in the Church first Apostles, secondarily
prophets, thirdly teachers, the following
points were proposed to be established: that
God hath set or fixed on the visible Church
three orders of ministers or three degrees
of ministerial authority, and that this three
fold order or degree is perpelually binding
upon the Church, and that its perpetuity
or transmission was committed to the
highest order or degree of the miniitry,
and hence that all who have not received
authority to minister from this highest de
gree are without authority at all.
1. This is a question of fact Did God
himself establish this threefold ministry in
his Church? For should it appear as a
matter of fact that God hath established
this ministry in his Church no man has
power to change it.
2. The fact Did God establish by his
Apostles acfng under his inspiration, this
threefold ministry ?
That some ministry was established by
Christ and the Apostles is admitted by alt,
denominations of Christians excepting per
haps Quakers and those who- deny the ex
ternal institutions of the Church. This
admission is based upon the text, go ye.
Disciple all nations." . "God hath com
mitted unto rs the ministry of reconcilia
lion." "We are enbassadors for Christ,
as tho God did beseech you by us." "Let
a man so account of rs as the ministers of
Christ." That some - ministry therefore
was established by Christ aud his Apostles
is taken for granted.
The question is, what were the nrders
of that ministry? is it perpetual, and how
was it to be transmitted ?
First. After ihe resurrection, tbrr or
ders of ministeis were established by
Christ himself or by the Apostles acttn
under his instructions and inspiration, fini
Apostles, second presbylers, third deacons.
1. As t the Apostles their ministerial
authority is allowed. Jesus said unto
them "AH power is given unto me in hea.
ven and earth, therefore go, disciple all na
tions" &c. "As my Father sent m so,
send I, you," Sic.
2. Presbyters (or elders, their TRiniste-"
rial authority is allowed to be by . divin ...
appointment. Paul and Barnabas when
they had ordained them eldprs (presbute
rous) in every Church, and had prayed,
with fasting, they commended ther.i to tha
Lord in whom they believed. (Acjs. H "