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The tendency of Democracy ielotcarH lUeelevestian rthtinduitrioecleeee,the incrtmte T their cunfort, thetertiOn oflhttr Allty,tKe eetublieliment of tluir potcer." 1 BY ROBERT WILLIAMSON, Jr. LINCOLXTOUTt ST. C. APRIL 27, 1842. VOLUME V, NO. 48. TERMS OF TIIE LINCOLN REPUBLICAN. TERMS OF PUBLICATION'. Thk Lixcolx Rkpcbiicax is published every Wednesday at $2 50, if paid in advance, or $3 if payment be delayed three months. No subscription received for a less term than twelve months. No paper will be discontinued but at the option tathe Editor, until all arrearages are paid. A ftilure to order a discontinuance, will be. con ducted a new engagement. TERMS OF ADVERTISING. AnTr.nTisMKSTS will be inserted conspicuous ly for $1 00 per square for the first inseition, and 25 cents for each continuance. Court and Judicial advertisements will be charged 23 per cent, more than the above prices. A deduction of 33 J per cent, from the regular prices will be made toyearly advertisers. The number of insertions must be noted on the manuscript, or they will be chaiged until a discon inumice is ordered. TO CORRESPON'DFNTS. To insure prompt attention to Letters addressed the Editor, the postage should in all cases be puij 1 Valuable llanla lion jsjj ami Fifteen ffilor Tsvenlfj kIjilcelif sfsn HZ OM for 2&!Saie PY V-tftne of a deed f l rust made to -"- me by Col. James McDowell, lo se cure 'the payment of certain dehis therein mentioned, I shall proceed to sell, at public auction, or. Tuesday the lOih day of May next, at the House of Col. James McDow ell, situated Rt lire Pleasant Gardens, in t he County of Burke The valuable and 'highly improved tract of land, on which "Col. McDowell has heretofore resided, -known as the Pleasant Gardens, situated on both sides of the Catawba lliver, in the "County of Burke, containing between five and six Hundred Acres two Hundred and forty or fifty Acres whereof is rich alluvial "Bottom, no win a high state of cultivation-; The improvements thereon consist of a tane two story frame Vith Six apartments XlTCBlTCiT BAR .VCO R N-CR1 BS STA B LES. Sjc. Persons desiring a location in tha Vicinity of the mountains are invited to ex amine the Premise? I shall also sell at the same time fifteen or trtrenty negroes co-uprising almost every age-, size and de scription a credit of twelve months will bo giver, to the purchaser of the laud and a credit of six months to the purcahser of the negroes. Bond with approved security "will he required. April 8ih, 1842. WILLIAM W. AVftRY Trustee. "Burke Con ntv, April 13ih. 1842. 46 4i. (Y virtue of a decree of the Court of Equity, held for the County of Ire dell, Spring Term 1842, I will offer for sale on the premises on Friday the 29ih of April next, the Tract or&aad "whereon John Mayhew deceased resided, fituate on the east side of the Catawba riv er; adjoining the Lands of llezekiah llobhs, Thomas McRarey ami others. Credit of one and two years will be given. Bonds witli two or more approved secu rities Will be required. T. II. McRORIE. c. m. e. Statesville, N. C, March 22, 1842 44 tds. To the officers and Privates of the 70th Regiment of N. Carolina. 'Militia: OU are hereby commanded to appear at the Court House in Lincolnton, on Friday the 27ih of May next, at 10 o'clock, well equipped as the law directs, for Review and Inspection; and also to hold an election, agreeably to the order of the Major General of the 4th Division of North Carolina Militia, for Brigadier General in pUce of Gen. Seagle resigned. Also, on the dav previous, the Commis sioned and Non-commissioned officers of said Regiment, will appear at the same place, at 10 o'clock, equipped as the law directs, for Drill. JOSEPH J. BARRINGER, Col. Comdt. of the 70lh Reg. North Carolina Militia. Lincoln Co. April 6, 1842. 45 tf. H2 The subjoined article, from the Canton (Mi.) Herald of March 3rd 1837, is cop ied into our paper at the request of an old Subscriber. AN ESSAY. Read before the "Canton Club," by Da. Thomas J. Catching. PUBLISHED BF REQUEST OF THE CLUfi. Perhaps no subject has afforded ground for more discussion than the varieties ex isting among mankind ; but whether these differences have been effected by extran eous cause?, or must be regarded as evi dence of so many distinct species abori gine, is probably, as far from being satis factorily settled as ever. By many tlie dis cussion of this question is thought lo he not only improper but even profane: the sac red historian havir.g, as they believe, de clared that the different varieties of the hu man race ate all descended from a common parentage. 1 am of the opinion, however, that man was endowed with all his intel lectual faculties in order that he might be able to investigate the nature and utility of ail the works of creation ; and especially the question of his own origin, lit addi tion to the reasons we have heretofore had, for investigating this interesting question, it seems to me that a sufficient one may be found in the efforts of false philanthropy , which distinguishes the present age, both in Europe and our own co-mtry. It will doubtless be recollected by the members of this Club that the strongest reasons urged by the northern ami British abolitionists against domestic slavery, are derived from the common received opinion in relation to the origin of the while and the black man. I hope, therefore, that those who hear me will lay aside any religious prejudices they may entertain, whiie listening to ihe few thoughts I have been able to throw togeth er on the question I have undertaken to dis cuss.. While I admit the necessity of the utmost caution i.i making innovations up on long established opinions, 1 wish it to be borne in mind that the doctrine of the earth s matron was once deemed to be so heretical as to merit the toi lures of the In quisition ; and lltese punishments were ac tually inflicted by the authority of the church. At the present day there is scarce ly a gentleman to be found in the civilized world who does not know that instead of the sun moving round the earth, it moves round the sun. My op'mons on the sub ject before us, may seem to be erroneous a:id even heretical; hut 1 have very little doubt that a full and free examination of the whole question, will lead to a very.dif-, ferem ruciiuu of the Mosac recount from that which is commonly given to it. Il is a fact taught by history that when those whose buisiness it is to expound the hly scriptures, have no longer been able to hold out against truths elicited and sus tained by scientific research, they have in variably succeeded in reconciling the diffi culty by adopting a different construction of the sacred text. The intelligent gentlemen who compose litis Club fleed not, now to be informed that the almost universal opinion on this subject, is in favor of the unity of the hu man race. It is this opinion which I shall attempt to combat. If the deluge spoken of in the book of Genesis was universal ; and if Noah was the only individual who took the precautionary measure of construc ting an ark- for safety, the n of cour.-e, the question under consideration belongs ex clusively to that individual and his family : they being the only persons who could possibly have survived the deluge. What ever changes have been impressed Upon mankind, can apply only to the descendants of Noah. The people of an'edeluvian times must have presented bm few physical differences, -such onlyi as could be pro duced by climate,- food, &ck Nor could the broad distinctions We now meet with, have existed in the immediate family of Noah-. They must necessarily have ali been of the same race. Hence, it is argu ed that the point on which the ark rested must be looked to as the cradle of all man kind. But in what part of the world we are to look for this, point is a question which could be answered positively, only by the historian; and unfortunately for a satisfactory settlement of this question, the evidence which we possess of this kind, is scanty in the extreme; consisting only of the few remarks to be found in the sacred volume ; and they are too vague to lead the mind to any definite conclusion. As the waters of ihe deluge, however, would first recede from the tops of the highest mountains; and as the elevated re gion of middle Asia is probably IheJof iest in ihe world; it has been supposed that it was in this region that the family of Noah first settled, and. from (hence, as they in creased, gradually spread over the whole continent. J3ul admitting the first part of this position to be true, it is not probable that they continued to reside for any great length of time in this region ; its exposed situation rendering it not only unpleasant so far as climate was concerned ; but loo sterile to supply the wants of a people, destiiute, as they mti?t have been, of the art of agriculture, and dependeng for their subsistence upon s the spon'.anenus produc tions of the eaitht Immediately to the South of this eleva" ted region lies the remarkable country of Tibet, seperated from the rest of the world by lofty ridges; and containing with in itself almost every variety of climate. --Thither, il is thought, they mut have emigrated at an early period in ihe history of the Post-deluviau world. This idea is strengthened by the fact, that many of the choisest vegetables which man employs for his subsistence, are indigenous there ; and that most of ihe animals are found wild there which man has domesticated and ta ken with him over the earth such as the ox, the horse, the ass, ihe sheep, ihe goat, the camel, the swine, the dog, the cat, and even the valuable reindeer, his only friend and coin pan ion amidst the dry deserts of ihe polar regions. We find" also in tf-e countries bordering on Tibet, tiie earliest formed slates and the oldest civilization. History refers to the east for the primor dial germs of most of ihe arts aud sciences; whence they subsequently spread to the countries further to me west. In order to do as full justice as 1 possibly can, to the common notion on this subject, I will here, mention another circumstance, which has been thought to have some remote bear ing on the question under discussion. As far back as the date of the earliest his torical records which extends back about 2000 ytars prior lo the christian era, we find the whole of Asia and a part of Africa, inhabited by different nations of various re ligion?, languages. fcc, carrying on exten sive wars witli each other ; with here and there a civilized nation, possessed of nu merous and important inventions, which must have required a great length of time for discovery, improvement and diffusion. But although this circumstance seems to favor the common opinion as lo the point which was first inhabited by inaukend, af ter the deluge and from which, as they increased, they radiated as from a centre to ihe circumference-; a close examination gives it a different bearing 2000 years before the christian era goes bick to ihe in fancy of the Post-deluvian world; and cer tainly leaves much too short a time for the establishment of the various nations which then existed, with all the differences of civ ilization, language, colour, &c, that exis isted among them. From these and other factsv however it is contended that ihe immediate descendants of Noah first occupied the favored region already mentioned; aud as population in creased, emigrated to the neighboring dis tricts, selecting first, of course the near and charming regions inimeUulv' ibe south, east and west of Tibet; Europe being peo pled by the migratory hordes which pro ceeded towards the north-west; and Africa by those from south-western Asia. So f.ir. 1 believe, I have given an honest outline of the views generally entertained in relation to this important question; and without doubt, the minds of this audience have been struck with astonishment at the almost endless chain of suppositions which have been necessary, in my progress to this point of the subject. It has, doubtless, also been tioticed that nearly all these sup positions are unsustained by the slightest evidence. But I have not jet done with suppositions. It is supposed thai the emi grations lo Africa and Europe took place by land; while those to our own-continent, it is supposed, may have required a slight sea voyage, for which very frail vessels would be sufficient; and even this voyage would be rendered unnecessary in the win ter, Behering's strait being at that time en tirely frozen over. But there is a point of absurdity to which the warmest advocates of the opinion I am now examining, have not dared to go. It is a fact that almost every Ishnd in the world, has been found inhabited at the time of its discovery. Admitting the possibility of emigrants trav elling from Asia to Europe and Africa by landi how are we to account for the peo pling of those islands which are separated from the main land by almost unbounded sen-? No person is bold enough to con tend, that, at that early period there could have been vessels, sufficiently secure to navigate the high seas, thousands of miles. All these oppositions must be taken for granted, or else the whole theory falls to ine ground. Having laid before the Club a summary of the views commonly entertained in rela tion to the origin of the different varieties of the human race. I shall now proceed lo offer such objections lo them as have sug gested themselves It i believed that five :housand eight hundred and thirty-seven years ago, this earlh was created in six days, with all the livings beings, that inhabit it. Now, it is ascertained from geological examinations that the globe is much more than the age above mentioned that, in all probability it has existed for millions of years. In ex amining the strata which compose the earth, it has been discovered that many of them contain, imbed. led, fossil remains of animals and vegetables. Now, under the supposition that those strata upon which others ret t, are of the oldest formation; and that the successive strata above, ire more and more modern; il has been found that when certain fossil remains, were formed. I the vegetation of the earth vas confined to plants of ihe most simple kind such as reeds nd fearnes; while th e animals . thai existed were of the very lowest order, li has also been ascertained that the organic fossil remains in the different strata, re semble more and more ihe present inhabi tants of the earlh, in proportion as we ap proach nearer the surface; and that the re mains of those animals that have always been ihe-companions of man, are found on y in ihe most recent of the alluvial depes ites in the upper crust of the earth. But in none of the formations of more ancient date has the fossil human skull been found. The pretended human skeleton, cm.vev ed by Spallanzani from the Island of Ceri- go the ancient Cythera, is not that of a human being; and the Lwme of th; xavagt (J alibi conveyed from Gaudaloupe and de posited in the British Museum arc imbed ded in a calcaneus formation of modern date. From these facts, it is clear that the world has existed many thousands of years in a progressive state'and that it has been only in the latter stages of its existence, in habited by man. All the fossil remains of animals and vegetables found in the different strata of ihe earlh must have been depos ited there previous to the existence of man. These fact?, furnished by modern gRolo oy.have been attempted lo be explained by supposing the animals that now. exist to be the descendants ofihose whose fossil re mains we find in the rocks; but which, ow ing to some chai ge in the atmosphere or physical condition of the earlh, underwent a corresponding change in form and habits. This explanation, however, is very justly set aside by the facts thai the fossil remains, spoken of, are totally unlike any species of animal now in existence; and that, not withstanding considerable changes are pro duced by food, climate &c; yet these causes have never been known lo produce a change of species. . We are then, forced to the conclusion that the creation spoken of by Moses, was merely the reorganizing and rendering hab itable a globe which had been destroyed or overwhelmed by some great convulsions of nature; and the creation of man and the ani mals and vegetables that now exist upon it. Another objection to the prevailing opin ion; and it is one to which I solicit the pa-rticuUr attention of this club, is formed upon the size of the Ark in which it is suppled the only representatives of the auiedcluvian world are saved. I lake ihe size of the ark as it is laid down by Moses. It was 450 feet lung, 75 feet wide and 45 feel high, consisting of three stories. In this vessel it is supposed that of fowls and beasts, and every creeping thing upon the face of the globe, two of each sort were savedAccording to their own account, they remained in the Ark a lm!e more than twelve months, during all of which time they were fed from the stock of food which Noah had provided before the flood. Now, when we take into consideration this entire account, according to the common meaning attached to it, we must confess that il draws too heavily upon our credulity, Il seems to me that, considering the want of geographical knowledge in those times, we had better suppose that Moses account of the deluge is only applicable to some particular region or continent; while the other regions or continents might have entirely escaped. It is very certain that in other passages of scripture, when , the whole world was spoken of; only a small part of it was really alluded to. (Concluded next week.) "Don't be Dependent on Foreign ers !" Mr. George Thompson, the anii-corn-law lecturer, ina le the following ob servations at Carlise, during the last week; "Don't be dependent on foreigner!-!" This is another very favorite cry of Use corn-law makers. Methinks if they were to prac tice the doctrine they preach they would be "poor indeed." Let ns pay a frientljy visit to the man who preaches this doc trine, and let us see whether he lives up to it; for the beauty of all preaching is that which is by praciice- Let us go and dine with him at his own house, t spven, just after he has lefi the House of L irds, where lie has silenced Lord Roinor. by crying, "Don't be dependent on foreigners for your supplies," and shouts of "hear, hear," will almost occupy a whole line in the next day's paper. Alighting at his own door, which is perhaps opened by a for eign footman, laughter. you wipe your' feet upon a mat made of Russiaa hemp. (Don't be dependent on f ireigners.) Over your head burns a . hall lamp, fed by oil from the Polar Seas, and supplied with a wick, made from American slave-grown cotton. (Don't be dependendenl on for eigners.) You are shown up stairs, and step into the drawing room, whpre you tread upon a Turkey carpet. (Don't be dependent on foreigners:) My (rd ad vances, dressed for dinner, a coal of the newest Persian fashion, of'Saxonv wool, made by the immortal Stnbz a broach with an Indi.in gem,, set in Mexican gold. China silk stockings, Morocco pumps, and a curious Geneva Waich. which tells him that you have been remarkably punctual. He introduce yoo to his lady. She ad vances. Ch-cr her pale intellectual brow waves an ostrich feather. (Ojtrich feath ers don': grow in the tails or our barn-door fowls) Round her graceful neck is a row of pearls from Ceylon; over her shoulders is a profusion of Brussels Ince; in her ham! a foreign fan, and further I might go on to prove her independence of foreigntrs, and might talk of corsets and other things as sacred; but will not. Lei us go down to dinner. It is spread upon a table of Span ish mahogany. The tureens and vegeta ble dishes are from Dresden ihe turtle is from the Camanas (no sliding scale or fixed duty for turtle) the contents of ihe castors aie all foreign the delicious wines are all foreign the side dishes. are all for eign, sent up by a French cook the tongue is reindei-r; th boar's head from Germany. The dessert comes on. The olives are from Mount Lebanon the figs are from Turkey ihe raisins are from Malaga the dates from Syria the apples from New York the grapes from Portu gal the preserved ginger from Jamaica the ruts from Italy the pomegranates from Egypt the prunes from France the j oranges from Lisbon. The dessert over. we go to the ladies. My Lord's daughter is playing a foreign air singing in a for eign language has learnt under a foreign master has finished her education in a foreign country going to be married to a foreign count (don't be dependent on for eigners for your supplies.) The footman enters. Coffee from Mocha. Tea from Canton. Sugar from Si3tn. At eleven you depart. "My lady is going to a concert lu Musard. My Lord to the foreign Opera, to witness the debut of the admi rable figurante Fanny Show-her-legs, who has been sent for express from the Prus sian capital, for the special entertainment of those who cannot endure the thought of seeing their countrymen dependent on for eigners for their supplies. QDuring the whole of this sketch, of which we are able to give but the bare outline, the audience were loud in their applause." Carlisle Journal. From the Globe. CONGRESS. I In the Senate to-day. the loan bill passed to a third reading. Air. Benton proposed j iwo very important amendments to it.- The first was designed to prevent the de-, gradation of the credit of the United Stales by combinations of capitalists, and the ex tension of their speculations, by the pro traction of the debt for twenty years. It proposed to strike out the provision, that the stock might be sold for whatever it would bring in the market. The amend ment would have rendered it imperative that the stock should not be sold under par; and if the friends of the measure consider ed it impossible to get the money at six per cent, interest, the mover of the amend ment expressed his willingness thai they might buy at a 'higher raiejof interest. If the present state of the pdblic finances, or the temporary condition of the money mar ket rendered a high rate of interest neces sary to procure the amount wanted, this would have furnished the strongest motive to limit the loan for a short time. The Whigs have promised, by retrenchment and good management, soon lo reform the mischief they have seen public credit sus ta ii in their hands. If they are sincere in their pledges, musl they not expect, in five yeais at least, to restore public credit and to be able to obtain money, on as good terms as it might have been had during the last Administration? And if so, why wuld thy extend a large loan which they say can now only be obtained on ruinous terms, to twenty years 7 The Wings voted down all the public good which was plainly in the scope of Air. Benton's ametvinient. Mr. Benton succeeded, ly a solitary vote, in carrying his second amendment, which was lo strike out that part of the bill which authorized the stork to be issu ed in any a:nou its from onedoilnr to thou sands. The evident design of tins provis ion of ihe bill was to make a paper curren cy of the certificates f bun, and in this way banish specie, and leave nothing but a circulation of paper, based on the public faith alone, and irredeemable for twenty year. The Whig-, almost to a man, vo ted for tiiis new continual niirfin-v. Some, however, ha I the grace not to he in their places, an I thus il was defeated by the Democratic vote. Trie bill comes up on its pasgs to-morrow. It is un Jt-rsiood thai Mr. Calhoun will make a final spepch agnir.st it. Satisfactory Proof It bus been sol emnly asserted that no one could venture to siy ;hat she, (SouM-Carolina,) has rca lizcril anv of the anticipated advantages irom reduction of the duties. 1 propose to answer these bold an l declamatory asser tions, as I have others of the liko kind, by appealing lo fic'.s, resting on official docu ments. . For this purpose I havtt selected h same period of twenty one yea's, from 1819 to 1811. divided into tlie sama divi sions of seven years each, and have forme-! a table marked H. giving the exports from. ihe State for each year, and the aggregate j exports for each division." Reference t- I it will shew that the agregne exports in I value from the Stale t'uring the first period, from 1819 to IS'ZQ inclus.ve, was 5 545, 572. and that from the next, terminating; wt'h 1S33. undt-r the npera'.ion of the two high la'iffs of 1S21 and 1S23. the aggregate exports decreased lo 52,905,51 3, showing a filling off of a million and a half, under high (futips. Turning, ihen. to ihe period of reduction, the period depicted by gen tlemen as so disrsirous lo the Slate, we s hall find instead of a decrease, the aggre gate exports of the period swelled lo $78, 3."8,594, being an increase of S25.375.081, compared lo the preceding period of high duties. The effect on the imports is still more striking, both in ihe falling off during; ihe period of high puties, nnd ' recovering under thai of reduction. Mr. -Calhoun" Speech. Cause of Embarrassments in the South. But I admit. that there is great pecuniary embarrassment and distress throughout the whole staple region, notwithstanding this vast increase of the production and value of their great staples. The fact being; ad mitted, the question is, wh;itis the cause! The Senator and his friends attribute it lo . the reduction of ihe duties. I deny it.- The official documents deny it; for nothing; is more certain than lhat the income of the staple States, taken as a whole, never has been so great; no. nothing like it, in pro portion to its population, as it has been during the period since the adoption of the compromise. Be. then, the cause what it may, it is certain thai ihe reduction of du ties is not, anJ that so far from that, il has taken place in spite of, and not in conse quence of reduction. What, then is it! I will tell you; indebtedness universal, deep indebtedness of States, corporations, and individuals, followed by a forced and sud den liquidation. That is the obvious and unquestionable cause. And what lias caused thai ? What but vasl and long con tinued expansion of the currency, which raised prices beyond all former rales, and which by its delusive effects, turned the whole community into a body of specula tors, in the eager expectation of amassing sudden fortunes. And what caused this great and disastrous expansion ! Ther banks, combined with the high and oppres sive duties imposed by the tariff of 1828. It wa3 that measure, which by its necessa ry operation turned exchanges in favor of this country, and by necessary consequence, as I have proved on a former occasion, caused the great expansion which followed the passage of that act, and which, by a series of causes explained on the same oc casion, continued to keep exchanges either in favor or about par, to the suspension of 1837. Another powerful cause for this ex pansion, resulting from high duties and springing from the same net, was the vast surplus revenue which it accumulated in the Treasury, or rather in the banks, as its depositories, and which became, in fact, bank capital in ils worst and most corrupt ing form, and did more to overthrow them, and cause the present embarrassed stale of the Government and country, than all other causes combined. It was the proximate cause of the then suspension; and, in truth, of their present ruined condition, and that of the forced liquidation under which the country is suffering. These causes, with, the bankrupt law and the return of stocks from abroad, followed by a drain of specie, have produced that universal and intense pecuniary embarrassment and distress of which we hear such complaint. They belong to the banking and tariff system, and not to the reduction of duties, which so far from being the cause, has done much lo mitigate the evil, by the vast addition it has made to the income of the country, as has been shown. But, in addition lo these, the great staple region, especially the cotton region of the south-west, have had great and peculiar difficulties of their own. The rapid extinction of the Indian title, to a vast and fertile territory in that quarter, with a climate and soil more congenial lo the growth of cotton than any of the Atlantic JSmtes, which, in continuation with the ex panded state of the currency, led to bold and reckless speculation, on a great scale, at ;he highest prices in land and negroes, and which have overwhemed the South wes. l"rn Slates with debt, and notwithstanding the vasi income, have - left, them in their present embarrassed condiUon.-w7r. CaU fuun's Speech, ' . Free Trade. The freedom of trade ha its foundation in thf? deep and durahlr? foun lation nf truth & will vindicate itself. It draws i;s origin from on high. . It eminate from the Divine will, and is designed in it dispensation, to perform an important part in binding together in enncor J a:vl p:-acs the nations of the cnr;h, a-id es'cuuir.g fir" and wide the lights of civilization. It f'd filmenl of this high design, severe penalties are annexed to a departure from its laws. Mr. Calhoun's Speech. . True TFhigzcry. We know not what deiusion has whispered to the Whigs lhat tftey might safely declare their principle at last. W'e may at least be thankful,
The Lincoln Republican (Lincolnton, N.C.)
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April 27, 1842, edition 1
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