MANY NEGROES AID
ED IN CENSUS TAKING
Washington, April.—(By The
Associated Negro Press.) Uncle
Sam’s official report for 1930
on the number of his Negro cit
izens and their condition will be
awaited with more than custo
mary interest this year because
cf the more general interest
which the Negro has taken in
the grand enumeration and his
feeling that a more liberal at
titude at Washington has per
mitted a tabulation which will
destroy the effect of inaccura
cies about the Negro permitted
in former censuses.
Although there have always
been a few Negro enumerators
in the army of 100,000 which
the federal government employs,
the federal government has
never before countenanced a
program which involved the de
sirability of using the Negro to
obtain facts and figures about
himself. Here and there a Ne
gro man or woman Has passed
the test and enjoyed enough fa
vor to get on.
But the census taking has
grown to be such an intricate
operation on a big scale that the
director of the census has be-,
come convinced of the necessity
of utilizing every agency
that will insure greater accura
cy and more complete figures.
Thus, even for the enumeration
among white people, increasing
care is taken each decade to ob
tain all the truth and to over
come obstacles which the people
themselves create.
The social condition amon#
Negroes in the South where
most of them live is such that
it was readily acknowledged
that there rpi^ht b§wxoom|pr
improvement in the method of
obtaining results. It was admit
ted that Negroes living in the
out-of-the-way places might be
overlooked, or that, in the cases
of plantation owners, an effort
might be made by the owner
to answer for all his “hands.”
Furthermore, the possibility of
white enumerators writing up
many fair-skinned Negroes as
white was recognized.
In view of such problems, Di
rector William Steuart, of the
Bureau of the Census, approved
a plan whereby the official re
presentatives of the bureau, or
the supervisors throughout thf
country were permitted to avail
themselves of whatever volun
untary assistance Negro lead
ers might give them toward
creating greater co-operation
with the census talkers land
were conferred with on the ad
visability of using Negro enum
erators.
As a result of this program,
More Negroes took an active
part in the enumeration this
year than at any other census
and this activity was spread
over a larger area.
Not only in the larger cities
of the North which have ac
quired congested Negro areas
in the last decade, but in all
the States of the South, super
visors generally showed an ac
tive willingness to utilize what
ever aid might be given them by
influential Negroes in various
communities and to use Negroes
as enumerators where that
might be done without undue
friction.
One of the strange obstacles
against the employment of Ne
gro enumerators which reared
itself in the South was the ab
sence of the regregated residen
tial areas in the cities and
towns. Supervisors generally
were willing to select from
among successful applicants
Negroes to do the work among
Negroes, but were fearful that
in the South white would resent
the entrance of Negro enumera
tors into their homes. The big
job in such cases was to find
an agreeable territory in which
the Negro might work. Super
visors went out of their way
* ^
to do this in Georgia, Alabama,
Tennessee, Kentucky and Tex
as. til the latter state, one su
pervisor urged Negro friends to
take the examination so that he
might .be in position to appoint
them to Work.
Mississippi, North and South
Carolina. Florida, Virginia and
Arkansas, .all had their Negro,
enumerators. In Arkansas, Sci
pio Jones, i prominent lawyer,
mailed a printed circular to
teachers containing instructions
regarding the appointment of
enumerators and applications
for other positions in the cen
sus bureau. Pine Bluff was one
of the cities in which several
Negro enumerators were em
nlnvaH
Mrs. John Hope, wife of the
President of Morehouse College
in Atlanta rendered splendid
service in awaking Negroes to a
sense of their census responsi
bilities by organizing a census
committee which held classes
among Negro citizens and deliv
ered lecture! at church and
lodge meetings. It was partly
the good affect of her work
which caused the Georgia Dem
ocratic Senator, Harris, to pro
test against the employment of
Negro enumerators.. The super
visor of the Atlanta district co
operated in every way with Mrs.
Hope.
Of course, it was in the large
cities of the North and East
that the biggest groups of col
ored enumerators found employ
ment. In Philadelphia, Ernest
Stevens was made a supervisor
of the census df population. So
was Attorney Henry Porter, in
Chicago. Supervisor Porter had
more than two hundred enum
erators working out of his of
fice. Charles E. Hall, a statistic
al expert of the census bureau, <
was also a supervisor of the
remBorof ‘ami aan£3
ufacturers in one Chicago dis
trict, with a force of colored and
white working for him. Detroit
had more than fifty colored
enumeratorjs as did also St.
Louis, where Attorney S. E.
Garner served as field' agent
for the supervisor.
It is hoped that as a result
of this more general participa
tion of the Negro in the census
taking that the credit side of
Negro progress is going to be
built up in the 1930 census.
KENDALL PRESBYJTERY
The Presbytery of Rendall
met at Bridgeport, Okla., with
the Antioch Presbyterian
church of which Rev. William
M. Anderson is pastor.
Roll call showed very nearly
one hundred per cent attend
ance of the ministers. Even
those in Chicago and other dis
tant places were represented by
letter and contribution.
Eollowing the example of the
General Assembly, Rendall
Presbytery elected an elder to
te Moderator. This elder—Mr.
J. H. Crowell, has not missed a
Presbytery or a Sabbath school
convention in seventeen years.
He is a Very active, intelligent
Christian. He was the first
President of the Sabbath school
Convention, here and has held
the office for seventeen years.
He is also the President of the
Canadian Synodical (School of
Methods.
Being the retiring Moderator,
Rider Crowell gave a very time
ly and interesting address on
“The Motive Power, Memory
and Program of our Work.”
Rev. Hv C- Cousins, the Sab
bath School Missionary, read the
13 th chapter of Corinthians and
Rev. J. S. Wilson, pastor of ,
Hopewell Presbyterian church,
of Chandler, Okla., led the pray
er.
The election restored Elder
J. H. Crowell to the Moderator
ship and made Elder P. G. Dun
lap, of Shaw’s Chapel, Lima,
Okla, the Temporary Clerk.
One minister was dismissed.
Rev. H. A. Holder was dismissed
(Continued on page 4)
ST. JAMES CHURCH
GREENSBORO
By Mrs. T. B. Jones
- ‘‘But thanks be to God, which
giveth us the victory through
our I(Ord Jesus Christ” was the
text from which Rev. H. C.
Miller spoke Sunday morning,
using the theme: “The Message
and Meaning of .Easter.’!..
The moet thrilling themes,
said the speaker, -have been
woven about victories. - - Here
the speaker cited the great po
ems of Virgil, Homer and Mil
ton as examples. So Paul sums
up his argument for the Resur
rection in a shout of victory. ,
First: Easter tells of the vic
tory over the fear of death’s
sting. Before Christ died
death was regarded as a cruel
breaker of happy homes. Jesus
by his death robbed death of its
sting.
“• Second: Easter tells of the
victory over the dread and pow
er of the grave. Until Christ
was entombed, the grave was
equal to hell. The Saviour
gave a demonstration such as
was never witnessed before
when He came forth from the
grave.
Third: Easter speaks of vic
tories over self. If I can hbld
myself in hand I need not fear
the devil. ^
Fourth: Easter assures us of
life beyond the grave. Jesus
said: “Because I live, ye shall
live' also.
Nature today joins her num
erous voices in assuring, us of
that new life. The long, dreary
winter is past; the - Sun, em
blem of the risen Lord, has
climbed the steps of the heav
mto the dark recesses of the
earth, calling again into beauty
the lily and fragrant violets;
the frozen streams have brok
en from prison. All these join
with us today in a mighty shout
of victory.
Close all your churches to
day, yet there would be a call
to prayer.
“Not to that dome where crumb
ling arch and columns,
Attest the feebleness of mortal
hands;
But to that fane most catholic
and solemn,
Which God hath planned.”
Seven children were baptized
in connection with the Easter
services.
After listening to this splen
did sermon Sabbath morning
and a short program rendered
by the children during the Sun
day school hour, Easter Day
was fittingly brought to a close
Sabbath night when the Sen
ior choir rendered the cantata,
“Joyous Bells of Easter,” by
Adams. Listening, the audience
heard and felt the suffering and
death of Christ and His glori
ous victory over death as told
in song. Special parts were
sung by Miss Susie Miller, Mes
dames E. B. Meares and S. W.
Garter, and Messrs. George Wil
lis and T. B. Jones.
Several of our church mem
bers spent Easter holidays out
of town, among them being
Miss Alma Morrow, who visit
ed Richmond, Va., and Miss Ma
rietta Meares, who spent the
time in Hampton, Va., visiting
her sister and .brother, who are
students at Hampton Institute.
Mrs C M. Young, Little Mi
riam and Messrs. Morris Young
and Edward McRae’ were the
week-end guests of Mrs. T. B.
Jones
Miss Ardella Walker, of Win
ston-Salem, was the ,guest of
Mrs. E. B. Meares during the
Easter season.
“People will do anything now
adays to save a few minutes,
though what they mean to do
with those few minutes is quite
another question.”—Dr. Cyril
Norwood..
''it-- i
!
THE TEACHER’S CORNER
Conducted by Allas Marjorie E. W. Smith
THE PLACE OF THE COL- LEGE FOR WOMEN IN THE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF TEXAS.
t
By Miss Margaret N. Lee
Dean of the College, Head of the Department of Education,
and Supervisor of Physical Education at Mary Allen
f Seminary, Crockett, Texas
Part II
At tins point I want to pass
to the next and probably the
greatest reason why the college
for wopien should have a place
in our1} Mucational system. It
permits la program especially
provided to fit women for their
chief responsibility, that of a
mother! and home-maker. This
function of the school for wo-1
men iflin keeping with an idea 1
expressed by Dr. Thomas Jesse j
Jones ||n an address delivered i
at Scamtt College.
Thestatus of women, says
Dr. Joitaes. “is the most search
ing test of civilization in any
race, in.:ahy nation, in any peo
ple, The conditio^ of women
marks the degree of progress
which h»s been achieved. Wom
en are primarily the guardians
of the 1 heritage of the race,
x'hroug* their intimate control
cf home life, they largely deter
mine the habits and ideals un
derlying nations and races. In
the United States the number
cf homc^ is twenty-five million,
wheref^ the number of schools
is only ;hbout.jtwo hundred and
cevenijyf. thousand, and of
churches, twti hundred and for
ty thousand, . If thfs ratio is
maintambd #>in othe« civilized
count^l iiappears that;ttgre,
as many homes as schools and
more than one hundred times
the number of churches. Nu
merically. then, homes are far
and away the most important
institutions in the world. Here,
therefore, we have some idea
of the extraordinary influence
which women have always had
in human society.
"Economically, women in
primitive society, were the
food-getters of the tribe. In
modern society, they select
and prepare the food for con
sumption.
“Biologically, they are the
moulders of infancy and child
hood, whether in primitive so
ciety or in these modern days.
Socially, they are responsible
for the effective transfer of the
heritage for one generation to
another. Comprehensively and
vitally, they are the mothers
of men with all the connotation
of that most meaningful of
words, mother.”
The question then comes down
to this: whether to prepare wo
men for these duties, a differ
ent content or different meth
od is needed from that found
effective for men, whether a
separate school could not carry
out a more appropriate and ef
fective program for fitting wo
men for her chief responsibili
ties than the co-educational
school which has been built up
exclusively to meet masculine
requirements.
I believe that for women, no
less than men, it is desirable to
sharpen their sensibilities, de
velop their facilities, broaden
their outlook and to store up
those resources that make life
rich and full. To women as well
as men, w? should supply such
tools as languages, mathemat
ics, the power of writing ordi
nary prose as a means of com
munication. ‘VV^e shduld ^devel
op such capacities as accurate
reasoning and the detection of
fallacies, appreciation and prac
tice of literature, art and mu
sic, certain kinds of knowledge
such as science, history and the
like, which the tools enable us
to acquire, and the capacities
enable us to understand, use and
evaluate. Doubtless, no one
would hold that any of these
factors should be held either
for college men or college wo
men. But l am of the conviction
that there is a need of a differ
ence of emphasis and an addi
tion to the men’s courses r have
vaguely outlined, of subjects pe
euliarly appropriate to women.
There is no doubt but that
the training women.get in the
coeducational schools prepares
them to make a living, but the
(question comes: “Does it pre
pare them to live?’’ Does it pre
pare them for their fundament
al duties of being efficient
mothers and home-makers? As
President Hoover and Premier
Macdonald have said: “Such
economic elements as wages and
employment are important, but
they are secondary to the re
sponsibilities involved in the
home ^Work of women.”
The point has been raised by
some that women lose a good
bit of femininity when thrown
into the current of co-education
al schools. They take on more
masculine attitudes and man
nerisms, and there is a tenden
,,reakness of our education
which, no doubt, prepared wo
men to make a living, but over
looked the greater and more no
ble purpose, the art of living.
The high death rate has re
vealed the fact that our educa
tion is producing masters in ed
government is a confession of
ucation and science among wo
men, but women who are whol
ly unfit to discharge their chief
responsibility; and so through
women’s clubs and health de
partments of the State and
national governments, a pro
gram of education of this na
ture is being put over to give
women what they should have
received in college.
Women’s Colleges are awak
ing to a new realization of this
responsibility. A course in eu
genics, which is being offered
at Vassar College now, is an in
dication of this. Such courses
are generally given in physiolo
gy, nutrition and child psychol
ogy, and are co-ordinated with
other subjects peculiar to wo
men, for the chief purpose of
fitting them for their environ
ment. Smith College is conduct
ing a similar project. In fact,
the principle on which practic
ally every woman’s college has
been established has been that
of fostering the “womanly
ideal,” developing in her those
qualities that are distinctly
feminine.
The very atmosphere of wo
men’s colleges makes it possi
ble to bring before the student
a fuller realization and under
standing.of her responsibilities.
She is not hampered by the
presence.of members of the op
r'osite sex. She feels more free
to express .her views, and to
mquire about those things that
have long remained obscure.
Tn such an institution where the
home life of girls is preserved
it puts them in their native at
mosphere . where those instincts
that are God-given and God
planted may be developed.
I have attempted to givje four
reasons w*hy the schools for wo
men should have a place in our
ducational system:
1. Because it serves as a
safeguard to the girl who is
going through the experiment
al period cf life.
2. Because it encourages
more seriousness of purpose on
the part of the students.
R. Because it solves the
problem of the mother who is
taken out of the home for ec
onomic reasons and desires a
safe place for her girl.
4. Because it permits supe
rior opportunities for develop
ing and perfecting womanly
qualities, thus fitting woman
for her chief responsibilities,
these conditions which empha
size the place of the college for
lYomen generally, apply also to
:ur situation' in Texas. I have
made very little mention of our
State in my discourse "so far,
:ut if you will allow me to re
aat, Texas has, at least 26 col
lages apd preparatory schools
ror women, three of which are
for the youth of our particular
?TOup. i
Situated as I pm in one of
hese colleges for women, name
ly, Mary Allen, f am at a focus
here the demands and advan
tages to be derived from such
an institution are vividly appar
ent So if you will pardon the
omewhat personal reference, I
c hall mention briefly the servic
es rendered by jour institution,
because what isf characteristic
of it; no doubt, i applies to oth
ers. |
In the student body is repre
sented practically every type of
^erican home. It prepares
students who cyme from rural
communities, and who, to a large
extent, have a very limited
knowledge of life, to see it in a
new light. It nerves the student
t a mother, or
are away from
some reason, by
who is withoi
whose parpm
he home foi
her
hat is most home-like. Then,
because of the group of thought
'ul parents who have seriously
onsidered the advantages that
n institution of this nature of
'ers, the opportunities it will
Tovide for giving the girls the
highest type of cultural train
ng and maximum individual de
velopment. it has drawn a num
ber of students from families
vhere the home life is the best,
iot only in the cities of Texas,
hut other States such as Penn
wlania, North Carolina, Okla
homa, Arkansas and California.
Because of the variety of
sources from which our students
•ome, we are conscious of the
magnitude of our task. We aim
to fill the place of the home, the
’chool and the church.
Every effort is made to cre
ate an atmosphere in the school
hat is most home-like. The
Tirls are trained to conduct
themselves as members of a
arge family, where the teach
es are: so many mothers and
athers, and where each stu
dent can find consolation in the
deling that every teacher is
personally interested in her and
md sympathetic guidance at
'nv time; where each student
will graciously give her advice
has certain duties to perform
'"hat will give her training in
housekeeping, in getting along
with her neighbors, in exercis
ing the womanly ideals of mod
est ministry, generous sympa
thy and unselfish service.
The school offers superior op
portunities for individual devel
opment. Its chief interest is to
develop personalities—personal
ities that are capable of large
participation in life and a large
contribution to life. The primary
aim is to help the student to
'ive better, to strengthen her in
her individual activities as well
as to give her, as an individual,
the necessary equipment for co
operation with others.
Because of the limited num
ber of students, each has a
greater opportunity for leader
ship in some particular field.
The various class organizations,
literary, musical, athletic and
religious organizations provide
- (Continued on page 4) ’