North Carolina Newspapers

OF THE wionttv ! ir,.rvreir store third story. Over i-si"" . rnn DEPARTMENT . A ".VvThment is furnirhed with the very rf tb ry Ue execuUon of 1I kinds of plain V tnterUHr ' . . feature in thU d .Vuottr new Liberty press, which works dftmrture lmnciMon8 per hour. This economy hich works mtt ovei - to jQ work at northern ana in lrW " ; . E" rfwork, accompanied by the cash, will t Iffhrinpt attention. THE CONSTITUTION, 'Ha 'spbeok: jblUcrnl 'at JWeig?h February 21, 1871, i j Jfrrcns Enettt, Esq. 'lYctxow Citizen: 1 colors whether native boru or . i :;na 1 i eak to you. Si for i J-ty Vtf I.nt in defence of a good plan pan -' - nn:.stlv and unreasona if irovernmetit now unj , V! ., . i -.w-kin defence of a.Coiiati WiJ 'iihe vital ideas of the f American statesmen ; one wr7 i: " K,r been more generally real- fid U P"7m PcUe in oar day than those iea am i ... , .r:tr,P or statesman of ,n1" Zn the sound doc- riniTwhicl. he advocated throughout . long i.v with, perhaps "'J ",- i m ainrvi a exception, ... . 1 ..-i l'ntn thn fnndamental law of Jmort every one of the great commun- : fchi nowcrful and prosperous nnm- inr)ri"Fi ,iicu -" ThrtTiek ' .ta. inu,uU.ion in the . 't - -.u-..rS!.rips when it is charged IriWx ' .t (,ii8titution is the spawn of J .Su'tU and the vicious effort of corrupt nd ii'iconilent scalawag and carpetbaggers . . t:" .. .1 adnnted form of covtirtiinent ujon the Jeople of orth Caro lina.! It i no such thing. It m sucli a Con stitution as Thomas Jefferson, of V trgiina, tA:al!ish in his native State, during long and useful life. It is more than that ; U i ' in the principal particulars, wherein it differ from the old Constitution of this State, -ii;i..nt nf the ideas of neeUtul re- tin . foniM in that la UOIIStltUUOn, ailU llie JUUI- tial vstalriishmeiit an.l county government i fteil roiH)sl and urged by the repreaenui I tire kneii of the oi l Whig and Democratic I larttefl Wf ore the u :.r. It nfially realizes trfiiiiZL-l aii'l exisini" er it, wnicii were i fall the distinct and pi. iiounced views of the li.ld democratic jarty when that party name ..t.tMl rn-:tt. nriiu-ii'lis and not ineie '.rgn!ni-d o.Mtiou to the government. . ' t Mr. J. fferon. in abetter written in 181 "in reinc to a request for an expression of Wiade ill the then j Constitution "f Vii MUM which Mt that tinif w:m prt-lty imu h what our I'.Miiititiitiou was Kl 'it I he adoldlon or the ; HTteMt oih, Minis up the l 1 s.t.-1-l M-neral suffraire. whoLe matter thus : .l Koual rei.rcM-ntation. in thc-Irsrisla i . , j lature. ! 31. An Executive chosen by the people. i 4th. Judges elective or unmovable. ml, liioi.H-s. iurors and sheriffs J elective. t ;ili. Ward divisions. - 1 7th. Periodical amendments to -h.he.Con- I atitntifitl. . It nwU nothing more than a bare reter tnce to the appropriate titles in our Constitu tion to m-e how completely it fultils the po- ; litical aspiration of -Mr. Jefferson and those rentnuHi, his di-U iples, who afterwards in Tuseil " ihefc prliif-ipes into tlic- great and .-rowing West. They Maud this tday the rule I id (Joveriiment of tliosc States threatening in imK.-iial majesty md -ower from the banks .f the Ohio to the golden shores of the Pa-t-itic an everlasting monument to the wisdom l.f the great man ; who first suggested them, and whose labors first gave them practical Vffect. Hie reactionary party of North Carolina; n party of very miscellaneous sentiments ; ot iiK-ongruous material, and unsettled purposes nnnounced in an official form a few days ago , tiver the signature of one hundred and five ' f iu most pro-miuctit representative .men, he following: ' . . . Thi Constitution lias overturned our Incient ju 1m lal iyslem, once the pride of the State, ami has introduced in it stead a tovel one full of de formkivs that it hs lecoiue a byword of reproach nd contempt. The old nieihod of pracuce and ixorceding in the court has Uaru abolished, itnd node of pnicedure substituU-d, . ill-digested, Vrude and omtradicU.ry in It pn.visi .na, tha,t our tiiche I tribunal c.ufe themlve unable fully to understand it or to administer it, except by judi tial legislation. The enforcement of nghu and the rrdres of wrongs lwive to e tuughx by such tortuous and enin'iv(' channels that it is often Hieaper to submit to injustice ll.au to seek a reme dy through the curt. The Cnle of : Procedure roiM4 be rejK-aled or essentially changed by the ' Legislalurv; for either this or something Tike it is prescribed by the Constitution. A I'onveutiou alone ca rid us of this incubus and nuwance. : The num ber of judicial districts is loj great, entailing much Usele expense. Many other f eatures of the pres ent svstem are inconsistent with purity, etHcieucy and Vbenitness in the ndininistrulion of justice, which Is one of the prime object of all; good gov ernment ; Tle iple have, by experience, been nwlesosensible of the evils of tin judicial sys tem that we will not dwell longer uj-m ue subject. A reform i absolutely nettssary to preVenl our ju eicUry from falling into general contempt. .With such a solemn, deliberate official dec laration, proceeding from the -:';hest authori - ky competent to declare tlie aud inU'ii tKmsof a party, we infer, necessarily, ltt. Tiiat the party of reaction intend to destroy tlie judicial establishment provided by the present Constitution. 2. That they iuteud to et up iu its place the old plan of County Courts, Superior Courts of Iaw and Equity, fend to reduce tiTc number of Judges iu the : Bute. How mJII all this subversion and sub stitution of systems promote tlie welfare, of lbs people? "llow does it corresjioiid with the demand of the petiple off the Sute made tnany years ago to establish the present? How does it agree with the views ol many Intelligent men of a former' geueratiou who T did not regard "our aneieut judicial system iu the "pride of the State," but on the con trary, denounced itv and twenty years ao, nearly all of them Uing lawyers fainilutr with the; evils against which they inveighed, de clared that tlie 4ancient system ought to . be titscL Tliat system now sought to be.rc- Yivvtl ami re-'stal.Iisla-.l "by the reactionary ' party had as it feminl feature, ,esecially tliti"r.niishiiig it lio.u the present system, Ktioiiof Judges and Magistrates by the Jjcgislattire, for life, with no restrictions as to the number of Magistrates in each county, and ho constitutional restraint of their jower . to tit the people. 1" ' '. On this sul.jcct the At cslorn Address, pro mulcted in 1831, br gentlemen of great ability in tluWhig part i. among the number the late John Gray JZynuin, (the author of it) John A Gilmer, J. 31. Leach, J. I!, llaugh ton, X. W. Wooilfin, and T. G. Walton, wys: Many of our citizens are greatly opposed to the election of Judgis by the legislature, as required byJtlieCMxUtaiioiU It cannot be disguiwd that tMirowa IegisUture has in many instance been the scene of Intrigue entirely at war with our Ideas or the purity of tho Bench; and m wnich It was shown that neither character nor qualifica tions were made the teal of fitness for otHco, but simply party services. Legislatures are spiail bod lea, usoalljr elected upon political party giounda, and that too frequently at the sacrifice of the best Interests of the people. , . Under these circumstances many believe that the people would be the safest depositories of) this iw.r. TImj opponuaity and facility for torrup- I . . r . OFFICE VOT VI ' ; r ASHEYPLIjE, Jr. C, TIIUKSUAT, JUNK 2!), 18.71V M I;- jNU.-1. i tion and intrigue would not exist, and the people 1n ot In r would notbe infloeoced by the fear of denun ciation or punishment of party men.' The system ha been trtea tn many states of the Lnion, ana Xound tc operate so well that it it much to be doubted whether it will not in time be adopted in alt' ' " Others, too. think titer ouzbt to bold omce for a limited perUKL There is no other officer known to Hir laws, but who is limited to a short period, after which tua power is hud down at the feet ox tlio$e from whom he received it; and fn determining wbetbet they will again place him In power, 1 they pass opon the manner in which his duties have been discharged. Many of thee oflicea are of tlie higbet character and importance, and equally re quiring in the incumbent purity and Integrity of character. No evil has resulted from giving - the election of tbee officers to the people, and errtain- ly do corruption ot the people, nor of tltc ufflcrrs, ha been the consequence ; and it certainly . is -not a question of much difficulty whether we. should be c ursei with a Dad Judge during his lire. It. in despite of all precautions, one should unfortunately le elected. In no other Instance ia such a curse i iuipedj Can any other be greater f ' ... The present mode or appointing Justices or, the Peace is universally admitted to be worse than a farce. A certain evening is set apart for the pur pose, and the members from the different counties hand in the names of those they deire to have ftp- Stinted Jand they are read at the Clerk's table, obody bears their names or' rares to heat'tbem. It i understood to be the season for snort and Is one or thorns customs of our Legislature, long known and recognised, ana never departed from. 1 bey are frequently selected by the member of the legis lature tor the mnuence vrhtcb each can exert at home in some irtcular neighborhood. And it i well kuown th.t many oi those appoiRted are wholly unfit for the proper iwifortuance of the du ties entrusted to them. And some of these duties are of the highest importance to their several coun ties. They enjoy and exerci9e the right to tux the people; Ithey impose taxes much more henvy than those imposed by the Legislature. ' Tliere is no amendment to the Constitution more impe riously demanded for the public good than this. If they! t-ix the people, ought not roe people to elect the.xr : ' f - ; . Hie j reactionary", party of North Carolina gay not. J lie Hepubhuai. party has put into successful operation the present plan of State guicilimiiiv ill ca.ivi wuiuinm; if .0 jT.r,u- es eapjevi u gcuuvmi-n nw j.juhwium ine vterii .vuuress. nei is uih .iwut ty or rdelormity liieretore, in a, system proposed twen'ty year ago ly a nuinlier of abl, tuitive-born onsof North Carolina. liut' further, (ov. Keid in his inaugural message," speaking as much ns his position wouldT allow, the voice of the democra.ic, I party which elected him upon what was tlien considered a very advanced idea in North Carolina the extension of the ; right ot sht f rage i to every citizen, without regard tq property qualiticatiou, said, ''The electiotiof Judges "and Justices of the Peace by the lleo ple.Timi for tel-lns less than, for life, areqoes tious of Constitutional Reform i which Ire commend to the favorable cousideratioa of the General Assembly." j. ' It is useless here to follow the histofj' of this question further. There was froii the jK.rioil of the publication of the Western Ad dress.in 1851, a pretty generally established wish amoi.g the eople often! cxprcsseJ, iu various wavs bv the platforms and IneVspa- ...t- iwnvsiK nf hotli inlitii':ll I ltirti.'S a ibM-isivo votes in the Leirlslat tires! of Ibotl auu vy parties, for electing Judres'atid Jtrett'fsjof the Peace by the people for n'fjernij pf years, instead of apjoiutiiig those officers' hy the, Ix-gislaiure for life. The Wl.ig aiul jleino cralic parties differcl and'divided alj-ut the maiintr of accomplishing j the hiiessary changes of the Coiislitutiou to bring Vout !a result which both seemed to desire. . The de mocracy rested at the commencement -of the war ujon the principle of making all consti tutional changes by legislative eiuictiient, by which means they had procured forl!0 peo ple free suffrage in 1 856. The Whis pretty generally advocated the plan of linking all changes in the Constitution by a Convention. The people of the State in 1856, 'M and '60 decided in favor of the plaft of! legislative enactment aud endorsed the 'view much) the Democratic party formerly,. took I irtd Which the Republican party now "takes of this same matter. Let it rest as decided, ati-l give the system which we have, a fair trial before we undertaku to return to the old ordd of thiims, the evils aud inconveniences of wnich'are so vividly delineaUd iu the Westell Address : But iu another point of View, besides the principle of popular elections nd:1 limited terms lor judicial officers our "aicietit' judi cial system" does not seem to lie. entitled to the high encomium' implied by iyling it once the ''pride of the State." Tweity-tn e years ago and frequently, afterward the j; leading men of the tstate declared it tpbo imporUnt to reform it and exp; essed theif own and the dissatisfaction of the people-with jit. ; For iustauce Gov. Graham, in hn nessage j deliv ered to the General Asseniblym 1846 sayst lt ia commended to 3'our enjuiry whether all jurisdictiou of plea in theCouiitl Court may not be with advantage abolished, ant those Courts be permitted to remain only fofputposes of Probate jind Couhty I'oiice, wilU a se&siOi of but a single day iu each month. JJy substiUting for. the pres eut system of County and Supfrior Courts, with bix term in the year, three tern onlvof thp Sa perior Loin I held by Judges leaiied in the law, an axnuigcuieul would be iutrodufd fur loss expen sive t. the publie, and the partis in legal coutn versies, while greater deutih- and correctness would be alluined iu the aduiiSsUution of the law. Such a chaiigo would require some Addition to the present number of Juil-s to whom Salaries must needs be paid, but this yould be -iuconsideft-ble compared to the Daymen ti now made to: Jurors iumI Justices atteuding fourpourU a year iu the various couutiea, to say nothing of the ttu:e spared to ail coucerued, aud the lessaccumulation of cosU on the losing mltUcs fnuu gsater expedUioit in the terminatiou of causes. If ml law Miit could be ended in one, or at most, twyyears from tlieur com meucement, instead of beinj, as they often are, transmitted from father to if, loaded with cojU far exceeding the value of he original ; subject of contest, it would be a refora of greatest ubijot tauce." - 'i ' ' ! 1 undertake to say that auT&sUnUally, such a reformation has been accomplished by the provisions of the Cdustj-utiou. Yet the partly of reiction will not eveufollow the enligqten ed views of their great Jbader so Iforcibly ex pressed twenty-five ye;fs ago iu the infancy of law reform. They jant to go back and revive a system exploddl and abandoned long ago, almost everywhere one of the inevitable consequences ot whiclf is to entail, 1 as heir looms iu families, ruinbis and. vexatious law suits through buccetisivp geueratioiis 'loaded with costs far j exceed lig tlie value jof the original subject of cottesU: Will the peo- pie do it' This idea of Gov. -rahanVs Vraa pressed with ability and real ifterwards in the, LegU laturo by Gen. Uufui Barringer then ! of Ca barrus, and failed by the iuterfereuce fmd in fluence of the County MagLstracyt who hold imr office for life, did not f wish to gire up a position which they were notorious! teteut to fall, but wtncu mey render as it was' ktlendetl consequence. Other gentleuie times, af tea wards made tne same proj o trolled elections in their several ;counUes tjtercised a very great aud oftentimes a very jix"vi the Sik'. 1 1 this malfef wiUuppear 'irrtm k comparison, of the area, popnlationi hnniber! of jdge sala- ries of each; a4 of tle ,h hole in each -State, S North! Carolina! At! the; c6mmencfement.xf the war; the time at which I propose to m tice the1 1 number' and (expense of the judicial establishment in. each of (those States, North Cnrolinn was. I in size and population alont an avefaire'of ' theni--Virtrtnia having been since that lime divide!. (Thegeoeral surface ot the tour totatt'H was in( many res.ecis simi lar. Their iiitleoplel were Hi .all, the daily habits 'mid wants of life very much alike. ' :f lii 1861 Viririnia had in territorial area of 61,852 s.juare miles,! a pbpulationof 1,593, 19, and twentj-six Judges, five on the bencji of the Suprcjii - Court of Appeals, each at a salarJ of fe.i.000 per iiiinuui. Twenty-one Circuit' ' JiHlire'sl tweiitv !at' h salary of ; f $2, dOO'iichniidVine al ii sslary of $1,500, elect d br'the tebiIe for eiilit veti. The ag: LUC enty- Conrt' laVh at salnruM Vd 2,i00 e:ieh, six Chancery Jndge eiid fifteen Circuit Judges :it salaries 2,000' ; eacliTHaggregate cost ot', J uuiciary 5 4, 800. Area. 44,000 square miles ;,pou- fhitioii :i,14G.6r40. Georgia had an area ot 797, and nineteen Judges. . Three ou the Su preme Court1 bench at :3,500 eaeh, and six-; teen j on the Cf rcnit J Court bench I at $2,500 eachaggregate cost of judiciary $50,500. North Carolina las fin area estimated at 45,- 060 square miles (much below what it really is, as comiKrtent persons have stated) and ill I860 a jiopu laiioi of 1.008,342. Under the prestut C oiistituti ion sue; lias seventeen J mi ires, five on .the Sii . a premeiaud twelve on the Circuit Court ' lench,! at an annual salary a of $2,500 each.! Aggregate eosfc $42,500. At the date aliove mentioned, in Tennessee, all the judges Were elected by the p4'ople for a term of "years. Iii Georgia the Supreme Court Judges jwere elected by the Legisla ture, the' Cjrcuit Court Judges liy the peo ple ; all j for a ! term of years. . I have - not heard that any of those greatStates- touch ing our territory on three; sides; have'. changed their plan of selecting Judges;. I ' '" X-ike these estimates as correct, and they disclose ho extravagance in the n amber, pay, or aggregate cost of our Judiciary, as com pamfwith oiir neighbors; on the contrary, we are iii a marked degree below the average of niimlers and expense in the way of Judges iu those States before the war. The itbove statement fur.ther establishes the existence of the prineipleof a Judiciary elective by the people for a term of years ia three of the greatest. States' of the South, "under the con trol of theii native born stms, and before the vocabulary of our iaugu.fgd had beeir en riched by the' inventive genins ; of partisan writers and j speakers with -such choice and mellifluous appellations I as scaUawags, carpet baggers and brindlo-tail democracy. It is said ihyt under the present system we have some bad and some incompetent men In office ; that ! a! Code j of Procedure lias been adopted unsuited to tha wisnes and habits of the lieople, and that a ; multitude of useless olhcurs coutriouie largely iu iuc uuiuvua w tlie lieople. ' ' j- . " ! " i That there may be bad or mcoupetent men in judicial s'tationf furnishes no argument against electnig Judges byjthe 'people, nor in. favor of" going back to the old plan. The advantages of the present over our former mode of election are welt displayed in the extracts I have readj from the' Western Ad dress.' J What was true then of the 'prevalent intrigues aiI combinations, iii the Legislature of that day, jjno one 'will deuy might have been so in the Legislature of 1868 and '691 Now "if jtliat body had exercised the function; of choosing Jmigesj no one will suppose they would have done as well as the people did in tlie spring of 1868.! I certainly do not think so. Some improper selections were to hav been expected,1 as inevitable accidents of the times, i, ; M . . Such mistakes have been j made before pn this State, in, times of couyulsion and change in politics, j Thus, at, the period of the over throw of theold Fede-al party in this 'State, and the rise of the Republican or Dethocratic party of that dsy, after the war of 1812, sevr eral iticompeVent xirons were elevated to the bench. f Thef bar of, the Sute was then maiuly conqiosed M Federalists politics ran high and parly feeling. Was bitter; ' Gentlemen of ability atnoti the Federalists were excluded from office oil account of their politics, and incompetent inen on the other side were put in : yet iio proposition was made to call a. Con-, ventiou to remedy tins evii, ana io put iue Federalists uito office, nor Vas there any ap? pearance of 4 noncerted movement to' bring the whole Iddiciaty system of the State, into contempt for party purposes. Again : pre vious to the adoption of the present Constitu tion, itt Governor:Worthsj administration, Judges were selected, by 4iim, unfit to occupy the positienJ The excuse iii all these instances is, a want f material in the ra-iks of, the party in power, at the time,!of the right kind, to make public officers of. Jit is something which cannot well be avoided at times, undet? any system. ' . !' ! ' 1 ; ;'' (i Tlie election of Judges by .the people, lot the first time, when everything was still re sounding with thejclang of arms, is more re markable ! lor (the general good selecUom made than otherwise. Several of the Jiidgeii received noaiinations from j both ': parties r so eager were both sides to hare the. prestige of Urc namea of kmg--uiod and faithful public servants on j their, respective ; tickets. .They ran without opposition ; and a thing nevel witnessed in, North Carolina before, thes candidates received an undivided ' vote of the whole people of all parties in tlie State. j If the Legislature nau uien uau iu cuww is it iair io - io - -r --1 v . , . 3 r Li ix iii-r itiaii.tnev are now. .. 1 .... I ' . . . Ma.rTCW. riii.i . .. 1 ' . . IToceaure is , nffland oriental distiifguished and houe-s it !opf 4nents it is auatheuiatised and de- vKtd to tV burnt on. some mu;.; Co le of Procedure, if fairly upeu' to v" The f rntihltnde' of uieles officers main tained t great wid unnecessary cost ia th main point of attack uikh? the; present, judi cial ..system. , How i , thiH ? , , How many Judges; are, required :hy thef wants of the people of 5oftl Carolina for the prompt and xnvetiient"diptch'of their basines--exm-luderine: the extent of territory .aud the popu lation of the Stfte, arid, "iow ynu'ch ia it fair for the iKrople to av theio for their services ? A more correct estimate 'of what' is right in in tne ; iau t oi t irgina, f imcww Georgia, States contigtous to our xormern, and Western ! ' and Sonthern ' borders ' ; and grfjsaie tiKlt o iiM-ir . juiicKii y time :Mieutioiicl, $5uJoU0. , . Tiiinessee, 'ui the ?aiiie vear, had tn" four Judges, ff Threej mi the Supreme ... . i.i -uiil,- u.st their action would Ihj as tree 7 ... ni .1 1 1 , " ur 1 1 Li iv l ausv. ah p.v . I r T I. J ZS hail it: lirku wouiaj.ev su:,,, r v - - , -r, or thit ttllU 8W.KK"-J . i i i V' f tl,? f.lrroB of their n, at iuiu t . L., t..:.U, ..tL.r,,, would be aiaLi I 1441 1 w lii t l -s.ww t; all the obiections made agajasUtJ is not Constitnttoa. It is. an ordinary act of the Legislatare; it can be mwUfwcL;,. amende. suspended or repealed put;; and , pip , by the present Legislature: It hft beenj Wodified, amended, and parts of it repealed iover,, aud over again by the LegWature, t The opera tion of one of its most . important provisions has bee jmspended by, tht present LegisJaT ture for two yeara and theact suspending it published in the same, newspaper,; wfiich con tains the idress of he Me oundred.and five. : (The Cpnstitution, proviqes a, Commission to' report' a Code to the tegtslaturei There is nothing in it whicbompela the legisla ture to adbpt rhatcfre lheXJoCldrtiraisaiQn may reporL They may adopt it iff whole or in part, or they nat reject the whole, or part, and so they hava done from time,, to, time from the first regort which ,waa made td them, I If the grievance; oi the Code is in tolerable the Legislane onght to flange it and thev can change it Tliey are responsi ble for iiot changing il4f it U the fnlliueas ure of evil ,wbidi ,thareresent!t.,to be. But eveir, the first CkI reportectrtmiierfeck as it may hae leeii, aad as often as jt bad ta be. on that accotuit. ameaded by th? . Leg- la'tureJ contained salutary and wise, reforms which ; may be inclndedv JUwk SrUi if aweepj of dennuciatioii, indulgeil jt by$m ono huu drei and j five, Tlose reform,, havejibeei! adopte.1 and ti iel? in Kiigl4ud,and ui many oi the States of. this i ationjfor a number of v-bars past, and they pnly oed a jfair trial to show thai thev had better Ije continued liere. i North CarVtn:u as! coinfared I with, other Slates around her, has bee, niggardly rather than profuse iu her, expvaidj ture 6f money for a'lniMlerat Jiuniber of Jmlges to dispatch the business, f the peopled Ilfw ptherwise then, has the number or: officer'-; or the expense thereof necessary. for the iues alministration qf Justice been increased, s corii pared with the old County $urt system nopr urged Up on! the people?. Instead c(f multiplying the officers counectel 'with the Courts, the pre- sent system diminishes the number or mem, and therefore lessens the comparative cost of legal proceedings. ': Tlie Constitution, in fact, consolidates itistead of mtiltiplying offices as some plain examples willshow, J he present Superior Court Clerks io all f the business formerly done by the inmmbent of that office and the clek and masters in equity - and niuch that kas done brthe Clerks of the County Courts. Two officers in each county are thus dispensed with. , In each of the niuety counties of the .State, there would have been formerly,1 under the1 bid County Court system a county policitorrJ These are now dispensed with ami the duties of these jiinetv officprs devolve upon and are dis charged now by: twelve Solicitors for the whole State It is themf ore plain; that there are now three officers less in. every county of the State than there, were under the 'old system a diminution in the number of offi cers for the whole State of two hundred and seventy. Not to mention other items of ex penditure saved fo every eounty by lessening jthe number of officers necessaryf for carrying ion the! administration of justice under the old system, the extra allowance alone, usually voted by the old bench of Magistrates, to the County aud Superior Court Clerks and fthe County Solicitors, was very great. It was upon an average, throughout the State, one Jiundred dollars ' to each of these officers. Take it one hundred dollars fof each of the iiinety county Solicitors ari4 county .court ;elerks,(and it makes the sum pf $18,000- tliree thousand dollars more than the cost of the increased number of Judges on the Supe rior and Supreme Couit betich.1 i A system which; decapitates near three hundred office holder's, which diminishes the county expend iture. !for their maintenance, by so large ja sum a $18,000 aunually, is not justly charge- . .J.:.u .....lt!i.lit!ii nJoso nftiAea At I'X- travacrarit rates of compensation.' Is it bet- I ter for; the convenience of the people ; isiit less expensive, to have four more Judges tnan we had at the commencement of the war, at an additional cost of $10,000 than to reduce the number of Judges, revive tlie old county courts with their one hundred and eighty additional clerks, and Solicitors, at an ex pense (now saved) of $1 8,000, j $3,000 more than six additional judges now cost ? f Inconsiderate and; hasty ! statements as to the plan of county, government and its ex peusejhave been also very freely made. Up on examination they cannot be sustained. The present is not necessarily i more expen sive than the old plan, and if it has been improperly made so 'the whole matter; is j in the hands of the Legislature and they may change it, in this respect, at their will. : It is difficult to obtain any reliable data to found ail estimate of th probable necessary county expenditure under the present system. -I am couviuced that it) ha been greatly exaggerat e ed, and that exceptional instances of wasteful ami profligate extravagance in? ,he ' expendi ture of county funds, unauthorized by tlie Constitution have bten seiited uion to inflame the public mind am to furnish i an argument against the plan of iounty government there in provided for. ' We", know', however, wbat the amount of taxes was in 1860, levied, and collected for countv' purposes by a life:tenuren County. Court, inresponsible to and independ ent of the people. It reached the j enormous sum of $564,000 one hundred and sixty-four thousand dollars' more than the double of tlie cost of the whole State government in all -its! branches, legislative judicial and executive,: about the same time, r We know that the offices of Clerks and Masters, County Court Clerksi! County- Solicitors, Wardens of the Po.r, fcc, are all abolished.: ' We know, therefore that there are now in North Caro-j lina fewer officers coonected with the Courts of the several cocnties than there ever were.! Until I can be satisfied by reliable facts that it is otherwise, I caiuot be made to believe that a system which consolidates offices ftnd thus diminisnes the number of f officers 'will necessarily increase county f exjeudituresj Certainly I tdo not believe that with any rea sonable arrangement, which the Legislature ought to make that the aggregate county tax, "for the necessary expenses thereof, will ever, tinder the present plan, touch $5i64,O00 1 A great part of the present tax; as every! dii kuows is Waccooat of the special and ver often tin wise legislation ot this and. former General Assemblies; and for the payment of old detts improvideiitly contracted before the war, and badly managed by the 'id utity authorities, the burden and oppesston of which can in no just sense be ; attributed to the adoption or operation of the present plan of county governmeit, But if the county taxes are onerous and oppressive, is there no rem edy otiier than icalliug a Convention to change the Coistituion of te . State f I think there 'is. The Constituuon esub th off..: the mode of electing, the .un,.ro nf nffiV. and defines : the twwew and duUes of ; tha County mmoners i iuuauiuuuu - r m I if .! Art vir vrtiL i ana jv X . , .... - afterwards of township authorities. -4 lTh language, it seems to me, is very plain. Hit shall be the duty of the.commissioners to ex ercise a general supervison and control of the penal and charitable institutions, schools .roads and bridges, levying of taxes "and finances 'of the) county, a maybe prescribed by aw?.";' A Clerk and two Justices of the Peace in eaclr Township are provided for,' "who -shall con- stitute a Board of Trustees, and ' shall, under the supervision of the County Commission ers, have control of the taxes and finances, roads and bridges of th Township as maybe- prescribed bv law." ' It is to be remarked i that there js a diff erence in the language nsea to! confer authority upon the Commission era t control theJevying" f of taxes ? an6T the words nsed in conferrmg authority upon the Township Trustees.'4' The' latter ft sevms "under the superrisiort of the ' Cominission ers, and "as may be prescribed by law" have "control' of j the taxt-s in their Town ships ; the ; Commissioners have control of "levying'' 'tlie-taxes "as may be prescribed bylaw 1 :J ; v;i; !' r ,'1jtH nvay be:, jprescribl' by law confers Uie power, and -imposes the duty , tipoti ! the Legislature to regirlate the .county goverii ments of the State, 1 The Commissioners are subject j to v the Legislature, "' the Township Trustees are "under the Commissioners TJie practice of this and of former i Legislature has beeii to exercise its constitutional right t regulate the government !of counties jnst' as well in the matter of official , salaries, taxes, and finances! ias othr things.-? iBut like al most every part ot bur Constitution this plan of county government has been greatly j mis understood ; and without investigation,: or it Would seem without-even reading tlie Consti tution, :tind therefore' with no properly direct ed effort to reform abuses, popular clamor ahd indignation have been levelled against it and the! people have been worked up to an nn reasonable state of dissatisfaction with a svstem Vwhich !: they have-not fairly;tried. taking counsel of their fears, others may do as they please and yield to tlie blast of .party fury which assails this part, of the Constitu tion. I shall do nothing of the; kind until the matter is fairly trie J fairly discussed, and fairly cgmdemned by the people ; for 1 be lieve, iii time, this plan of county government will be fully realized to be the j very best for tlie people of the;State, if the people are: to -liave ' hlTeaf ter any government dependent j upon popular will and popular control. ,j j j It is jneither a noveltyj nor an untried ex-: periment. It has been practiced in many! other states for years? The establishment of a distinct authority, elected foi1 a short ' term by the people, to manage county affairs,' es pecially revenue-and taes, separate from any authority exercising1 judicial powers, which is the main idea of our plan of j county gov ernment, is no new proposition in North Car olina. In 1 854 Col. Charles Fisher, of fiowaii, a thoughtful, able and pure mah at aii early day iu the session, in tJie Senate,by a carefully prepared bijll pt oposed to , establish in each county a "council of slectnieri.f'j They were to be elected by the people in each school dictrict every year they had; the control ojf the revenue and the management of the gen eral business of the county. (The object be ling, as the bill declares, ;to separate local from -indlelai business and to place them iri different hands." Tliis is the principle of ourl jcounty government, as before observed. i.p ply the recommendations of "Governor Gra ham in 1846, and those of CoL Fisher in 1854, to the old County Court system, and what remains of it ? " Their ideas are incorporated into our fundamental fajsv, which proceeds on ly one step further," to wholly abolish the County Court system by transferring its ju risdiction as a Court of Probate to the Judge of Probate created by the Constitution, j The plan suggested by ColJ Fisher was in practice, I believe, substantially at le'ast, in ; Virginia in 1860. It was a favorite scheme of Mr Jefferson ; but was a long time taking hold in his native State. They had a vicious system of County , Courts there, as we had here. The system stood there as it did herej obstinately opposed to a reform, which Mr. Jeffersbn advocated in; 1816, in these words; ' ;. ; .- ! '. ; M ' 3 . . . . TThe organization of our county administration may be more difficult. But follow:, principles ana the knot unties itself. Divide1 the counties into -wards of such size so that every citiaen can attend when called on and act in person.! Ascrioe wj mem the government of their wards in all thing relating to I themselves exclusively. A Justice chosen by themselves, in each, a military company, a patrol, a school, the care of their bwn poor, theirpwn por tion of the public f nnds, the choice of one, or more jurors, and the delivery within meir own .wards of theii own votes for all elective officers qf higher sphere, will relieve the county administration of nearly all its business, will have it better, done, and by making every citizen an ! active member of the government, and in the offices: nearest iwd most interesting to him. will attach him by his strongest feelings to the independeuce of his country and Its republican constitution. ; H Thesc wards, called townships in New England, are the vital principles of their government and have proved themselves the wisestj Invention ever devised y the wit of man, for the perfect exercise of self -government and for its preservation, f Ve should 1 thus marshal our government into, 1. The general feaer al republic for all concerns foreign .and federal. 2 That of the State for what relates to otir own citizens exclusively. 3.. County republics,-for the duties and concerns of the counties. ' 4. The ward republics for the small, j and yet . numerous and interesting concerns of the neighborhood ; ard in government, as well as in every other business of life, It is by division and subdivision of duty atone, that all matters, great and small,' can be managed to perfection ; and the whole is cemented by giving to every citizen, personally, a part in the adminis tration of public affairs. j . ! : ;. ,! I T hav nbmitted to! vou very frankly my views upon the interesting topics now under-. going discussion before the people, it is .im portant that this Constitution should be thor oughly understood before the people discard or change it; It has beea greatly misrepre sented ami luisunderstood by both parties, 1 1 seems to me.! . There were, there can be no question of it, some bad men connected f with the framing of the Constitution. Some bad nn!U,.u tnnV nffip under it. but when l 'r;.a fmtU a nomaal of the instrument itself r cannot understand how any i but good and wise men, equal io the exigencies of the time, had anything to do with iu Bat the facts are otnerwise mere were iu iwuo,ji-i cornipt and bad men in positions of influence U trifl Stat nt th time this Constitution wa fnmJ nnH sidontrtd: ! Thev sowed the seeds financial ruin, broad cast over the land and the people are reaping tia cT-r-fitI harvMt therefrom. 1 How tliis Constitntion escaped the contahunation ot their touch bow the; wise ajd nsefnl regula tions restraining undue extravagance, yet be- Kt aw nr airi where it was nceutju - great Ration, efv and cdrrupuon it we nn v,wo- ue w i ""v - - ------ t , ,1.. - .i v... .muiM havn nrA. iiMumssKn. oiil aa J4ie Jci win uziuo n, J .. C timnm w PI WLVWAX Wild DIVIinviM i and many other ; just, equitable and oseim piTr it meant eveM a loss : detention for n marder, r canons fi the profrous goverronent of mere il. ef-a Vhort wlonrn for State exist, r' dLT bhySrieUwithbatf bur- the blood-stained wretch Tn prisoif, and t!u u . - 4 Jf . - a Ka. lktt- I WJOiirrtnaVIlI. OT UIH IIIIK lUUllllV WV aavw I- I - m. w . . where erery one lttJtr U .hctm-h t i a, liceuic to him to bandit' bit wtpoi ate v. I vL- trnii Liexamtiie.'coHsidcr ana ? mug ra cartridge., . , -,. . . i.L., a,-.--, u ..'i . - . : .- t I : ' . . : ' . .. --. II" - " CB'l" " T . j I . .- .i . u i . ...... M .UK , & I I 7 y-. . . ; j .-. . ,(..-.. - . .11 . ' .-. . T.. ..a, .... ........ ... ' . - I K - . -. . - - r ' f . ... . try thia greVt fandr mental raho yotir , gov crnment before yoti, give . j t "IV ;!?.t"1y l,t an try to understanf it,: before you j jeld to the clamor and invioctipe ": of Jts '"ponent and siirrehder what is tk best; niid vmany the only, joonipensation for tint loss; i and suffer ings of tlio war. Iu ldyersariea ave , u dorsd it aid have depart thatt inj tlirteen particulars it caunol 'toi !mprovet.' f 'In ''only one instance &6 they at 'directly and In plaSrf wofldVfor a charfge; and thV as it -appejart more t giva their pwrturbed ( conscienoes ye- pose than for jtuiy ottyf reason ,,y hk a-( signed,1 ..Conscience makps cowardi of uI and therefore n such' a' case the besV of mor tals is j ready to Tiif C ' tespmisibilrtyi M td others. 3 What ikiwoH would -l JCowventioa have iq liquidate or ay tae Stale Uebt, of ;re i .1-. 1? 1 . 1 I. .tt puaiate i, wnicn fine jegisiatury , iw ,no t What power would a Conyention have to make the tax-payers of the $tate pay a debt they can't pay that they have' hot' ot the moneyor property;to'?pay!aiid !Avblcn it k ia impossible, therefore,. for them, to. pay tu One of thej f uudameuUl maxims ot,Jhf; law, loaii promise the public ll ? I Why tiot ry first; ami Uieti it Ane wiaiaiis cau uioiij, wie peo tL t.ti k-nmnvMthis "harvler, iu the wav for a fair compromise.! . Judging from'" the experi ence vf iiiuivuiuai ieutor? in tne ovum, wic publics debt f fnigti 'Jibw' '. be' ''cotniprontlaeVl. Southern ' merchants anil others largely iik debtetlat the North aj;4ho close of ,jJo( T compromited with,ther creditor at rates rancriho; from five to fifty cents in . the dollar, according to '"their ability or' ihablty io' pay. And pur public debt is on n bktor foting for aleompTomiseaowfthari tliat ijof any pri vate iodividuil, wbo la s coropropiiseil, ,eycr disputed. But is! the case put by tit ad dress! jof . the Ijegislaiive opposition a case of ; oonscience ?, I, tlijink not. It is , merely a casSi of Constitutional construction and of common sense.' Appropriate' legisla: tion and "adequate taxation; are one thing at one time and another t-h ink ' at another: time I Thereican be nb inflexible, or unyary-T ! 1 i Circumstances nuist control 'atl Utfrminfi what it: is liffht"'to do. and the circumstances of our present situation do hot show' jthat the legislature ought, at all eventR, upon a Constitutional quibble, to impose a (ax of $00,000 on the people and justify thein, perhaps,-1 in armed resistance to the law,; or plunge them in irretrievable ruin.' These gentlemen are In a' sort of purgatorial stnt4 ' neither in . he perfect bliss of. -, heaveiv with! a conscience yoiki of .offens nor com pletely in the tortures; 6f an i' outraged mpral sense; in that condition, "very aptly express ed, to doubt is to be daamned. ; But a remedy for their relief is ! soggested by! themselves and is ready at handJ j to be applied if they wish j it. The Constitution provides two modes of amendment oue by a Cjonvention, the thtr by the action of the Legislature! at two successive sessions thereof, ari4 the final ratification of such aldtion bvs a rorular v6te. Sucli was the mode try which frejj, suffrage was fore incorporated into .the Uoiistttniion ;ie: the war. These disttnguishjed getttle sa v : ! "If steps be taken tdwards the men accomplishment of these things, we van and will llelay any action in the preiiiises nntil af teethe Convention has perfecte4 .its task. But if the people themselves refuse to call a Convention, and to amend: the Constitution by strikiug out the aforesaid;provislon, liow can we af oid interpreting thfeir action to mean that! we !m ust proceed toj executoj tliat pro vision, and levy nport theni a tax j too gt evi .There is, I believe, a bill 11 ' now, fending jn the Lesislatnre to amiend his very provision of the Constitution by the,' e; mode jusi raen- tlnipd T-wislative Enactment. j let it be pasied by ), the requisite constitutional ina jorityatpthe relief prayed .for i'ill be I ob tained Mfor' constitutional ' "steps haying been; taken in 'a 1 constitutional ? way for,- the accomplishmentof these things.thehigh signa- .i! v -A . t .;i 1.1..... -..til I... tnl tones to tne legislative awn en w by ihe principles of the address, and will de- lav nnv action in the premises th tTielti v fenaccment of cbange mi tne Constitution 'baa perfected its task Tbe case is really not so hard as .some oi tnese ativ f gentlemen imagine. : Escape is . . i ' .mi A..' in !mu "i Thrt rlnidv! is ' u:c. t..t. .,:ti fl- in t?m Thdrelnedv is easy; i,i tucT. wjn j - ; - . .- it .: . i i ; 'rliii himnU nr ample ana in weir on umru. both! Darties are no doubtureatly . coucef neil to Relieve- their AbleJ. and f distinguished ,rep- resentatives from a "dilemma twniun waa npt forseen by, them -when tney were canniiw fofltheir present (iositions. 'Otherwise' they might have suggested, perhaps- 'urged tt f'oa ventioa at that timei . Every bovly . u , roiieved though1, iow, by the aimplo specific prescribed bv the Ooustitutionj , The Constitution s m theco'irseof.a change ot the section most i:,-!i;iw tv iTVionl t the arnmtntt of the majority to whose addrosi 1 direct you at tention, la :the aiit!horitiyei.expiition Jof a party creed, who shall aKtbat they, ateast, arjiot aireaay jusuiieu.jui eiM, ... in the premises" until the; LegU;Iatur"ha perfected its laskw bf atneiulnig the Cdnati. tution t"i Lfct theniiieaae f rom trouWuig, anctlet tjie weary peol be at ref t. I y, ti'-N f?t Published letters! frOrn befotf Part thave abou tnded in descriptions of, ,blodv . bayonet charges; ia, wbicli, t;be;soaiersoi nrej. side and , then (th? otlior were ruu through and frequently pinned to the JrTOttnd, lo read smhe of the abcourits; one amtgbt1 Infer that lUgulars JtndT Rebela refe cohstantly ci'ossin'if bavbnetsl audJilJed p ifiitt pare sepot f eb IUVIIICIIW w v . " ,r 'if inntd tir th 1 BHIA einiUlLKJIia U VMsftT- thing: for incident inatirin jj morioton as a mattet? offactj Miers yrry! rarely , cross J combatsl are evolyeir from thel imaginations; fr.MWAnATB VHitriv nil tiur-v i pvtv.... u&jm-y' j ". . . . Of the wfitera.t V:j TV rf. I Abundant iitaiiRtics collecte4,or centuries past, prove i-hisl. We havehe authorityj of tlie French General Azernar for . affirming S "during Uthii wars bf orfapo bn' I thVre were nlv two actions 'In which hostile troop met at the bayooet'a pnnt.'- In iftosi tiudinafs crenadiers. pouced fcudden- ly!!Bpoi,thotrear jguard oftUJUpiW. 1 ji i r r T -t a - i flicwlrie lasted fMr5Beveral? momenff.Al ed on common sense; is mat u rmiuires no man to do an Impossible thing. ' 7 2 'HaranV attenipt ever 'ooeii' mde' id 5 cold was, the present ; Constitution . the ((cpii; trarylji notwitlistanding. A'" 'case of,' con science like a 'question f of tastl catrhotjbtf cing.i,. It 1?. however a verv emnroon war cbrdnioles to ne pafieU wun of this character they infpart am- to the pen-pictnres, - ana reneve- v ofc "incessant T artilleiry . fire'V axid ' i ' 1 j" ..l..'--.-. lli . - a 5 M ..l. a 1. nted j masicecry! iuxvt.a.jav-, 1 T HI WjfVhljtJ ion ctf. LITEKAKY AND ISj-EVXnY TJRSIJAVVilOH; ,.' I jtEKMH OF HUIWCJUITIOX.'' r ' . -Trro Don-aaa a Yimbj 0k Dom-a ron Btx , Months. -Club Subscribers:! Fire copies, one year, $8 73i and a copy of the American Stofk JvmrnnL lMtaSbat'ldlba tarariablyJo 'advance.! ;.'! t",i ".II rililLHtX ltUIllio, EJitor and rroprietor. During ottrCivIr strife1, both Northern ami Smithern; journal alxu,",cJ in jit a'icJi de acriptioosf na we have Veet receiving .tiym France. klut for the first three years oft ho war only pebundrel ami flvea.be and Cnd liuudrevj aud three bayonet wound ere rvi twrted toSnrgeon-General Hammond front the wlol theatre if operations and of thei) less than j t teo-t h lr Is we t;C recti veil irfa.U-n, Only twentv-fiv laibre wOtjud were report , , to the FedJral Jlcdical lepartmeut fidm all ; of Sheridan's "fierce arid flashing; CTvnlrvl hnd infantry encounters id the Shenai d.i.di Yalley during the last year and a half ot Hoz strife, .ti i x , ; r . r , ij j y ; i I i k t 1 j , If aaasso tilting goljmri; with fixed i Layo nctlls not broken and d ri veil "baeK',' but toii lmueTt7nraiitnnanTfltt lac; I oppiaag,forc:it1i"n:U'vl W JI !"T!k run. Tliere is uo perK.sinor pf bayouc?a. Vertan troops, unless greatly ' outhiiniWred, will generally repel an, assault, v hvt tlwy do notj they abandoiitlie position befor the, glitter o the brightstA-il ind' tho1 VV tltidg yell of advancing tnrps. NWbeii, flnrfor",! w read pf genitiiio. , bayonet .wound f .m if conclude ihat soino atragglera.liavo Ikh u over ukefi.' or priwViieTsliavt lnKu-Klati.' r Hearth ami J loins. ,, 1 1 y j ( Ml .j .Tares vt Features. '. ; t -1 !. .. r i i . l i 1 ' l", v Tliis is one of the "Grizzly Papers of the, "Overland 3Ionthly ;' "IIoNWcry scVlO'ii we meet a'man or a woman! with ti face.' , Than is great plenty a supertlnity-f people with eyes to see the outside of a mill-stone ;, iuea to languish ,uon a flower like a sick lutur-t fly, or turn up at n lcggar mouth to diew and lie, and -assent ' with cheeks U( coviv teeth, find foreheads along whtch to traiu tlio" the supple curl but notj a faee ; no,' nrt the), faintest suggestion 6f one. Theeo xfc ara but windows in a vacaut hallj unfurniAhed with not even so much as a rug; these no sen ! have no more signifieanco tLat a hill on a prairie; these months arpncrtj j tlff;btir rowa of 'Welsh rabbits;' these cheeks a blink expnae of canvas, waltbig,.to bo painKd' up on by. an artist who has gone, off to ltotpe j thddu foreheils are pcirchmebt, upoiiwhKh nothing is written; Sucli things are but :ho front sides of heads; tliey are no faces. TJioy aro Uie visible portiou of God'a images caryej in. bread-and-butter. It, is accounted marvel, ous that ,Natuie has made rio two facet alike. There is no marvel here ;. men who have ma terial for faces shape their own each after the fashioa of his mind ; and as for mere coun tenances, Nature' can ndt jrxactly repnlye.; her,own accidents hnd do plica to her blun ders. ? Yon may aeikl one arrow af tar another and lodge them iu the (Baine target, but you can not njiake two em pty soap-bubble drift ayay in tho same line, nor jone puff of tobao co-smoke ciirl and twist liko another. !, ! j -; J. . , ,' .' ! Good Adyioe Foia a Friend- . Iii an address delivered! by IToraco Greo ley at the Sute Agricultural Fair, Houston, Texas, May 2.1," 1871, jthi following senU-i iiients were expressed, which not only Texas, but . all the South as wUl! can! not take io heart too soon : "Admitting that Hid txmtn lias grown, and still gr6w(s, too much cotton and I judge that three million's of bale grown in 1871 wuld Injvo netted her as largo a "sum as the four 'millions' she j actually did grow L see! no way toj counteract this ; ten dency but by Introducing new branches of Industry whereof the product will also corn mand money. In vaiif do you, exborf 4h4. average : planter , to grow more corn I md make, more pork!;, he is often in debt, nnJ chooses to proluce what will turcly ill for the nioney lie sorely needs." He I it sore eot toil wilf do this; he is not so sure as to com pork. ! Bat plant 100 cottoo; and as manjf woolen .factories , on the" soil of ou (Stato making a steady cash piarket here for, wt.l 1. aud meat, for grair and vegeLables, aa' well as 'cotton, and ; "now ynr agriouUuro: ltl naturally and certainly divide ita forces and diversify iti products! Farm era will grw all these, as they know that a sure cafch market is at hand. A denser; population, a greater variety and range bf employments Uicmj are pressing wants of theHentire South. ) Every whecl i et I to turning n t a floothorni wa,UT fall, every ni aim factory of edge tools or f&rtn Implements started In any. of your citua or villsges is certainly iftfitable of divert I W from your cotton-fields", aa naked pre.vrbmg uever rill. Tliere is baldly an acre of .Sg-1' cm land which would not be doubled In i if Southeiu farms wero ' mainly Tcolt?V itLii withV Southern-made Implements, 8a.it U-jni liacks clothed in;Houthe'ni-woveii fvbric,'rtud Southern dwellings filled with Soutberp '"ic furniliire aud uhires ; 'and, now that Winery Jias goiuj out, itii higii time that the n fal arts were stc:wliiy aim! rapidly coming in.1 'j "'?' ' - ' i ' ';' r- - "i ' Imprlaonmexit for Llfe-InUreitiii g J'acU !Tf,o N. V. World d welU 11 non the. f u tliat the 'late praiseworthy seventy of ecurw j awl juriea throughout the oountryif aJju'l- ing murderers to the gallows, has wanxi nTo j reuewed activity the emit against catit.J p'U- ishment. Tlie editor then goes on to e-i r ' ) "There is something to te aaid bere is something to be aaul' on t, U'i of this Vpietton4-mucli on tho one ido ' ( j way of rhetoric, farxcy, (tcari and pa- sides in the thoa. and senUuienUUitv ; not n little ou tlkO other,' in the nature of figures and facU.T imr np the prison statistic 'of WJscoi.sm, Tak- nig np t,ne prison statisiic! oi appear jtliat in the ten veira from- IftSfl to lO-l-olir'prisent iufoiimtiqa not orvoiiug beiowl the latter daXe-f-thcro wero uurij wx ncriod fiftv-r and twentyoni ox inein i paroneu 01 u iu tlie MassachnsctU priwiu, of which ,W0 have f9rtuBatcly sUtistics, from f828.ito' K'J, there, were 183 ' life I convicts, reavivi.!, ;u(d ntncty-slx were iianmneil but. 1 Or,-' 1 f words, one lif ev tsmivtct in evcry threb was palenedoutln Wiseowjii, two in e try fivo inObi-, tyl every,, pthcr in, !Jlnsrtbusctts. The avcrajre time efVed bv the .Wisconsin convicts j was only six, years, by tne Ohio criminals seven, 'and by those in M itschu aetta eight From tliis appnlling Vxhibit it will lie see" that imprisotimeiit for lifo i not . " r . ' . 1 1 , f .. im priso;i uneiit for life; that it is lc ia the hng ruu than the orJinsry trai of ten yej.ra nieteJ duttd a swindler or robber. ' '; ' - f rohr'all of wIikK tl.r alitor Infer Ibat tf Imprisonment for life' were imprifAii nmt fr life, its propriety might be a aubtut for convicts received .intf tliejeiiiteiitiarj uinkr ife sentences, and twelve 'it thein panloued but In the Oliio IVIntontiary for tl t aai! iltte lifo Icouvict wore rcfivd - !' " ,.-!' !' :; ." i P-i-'zM ',". .4 '." ' ! i' v'-.f'---"-v; ;:i !! ' : IT ":;(.. . m : . ":. . ' . ,-. - - I ;.- V ' ' : "!! ' ! ' ' -1 .';' -; '--... ' !-'-.:. ' '-l ' - :- ' . Ar. Vf ' i i .-"' "'"''.' , IJt1 -y..:J.i,-:,. . . ...... I!" i V 3 .