North Carolina Newspapers

ifwt, r???d continued to jrmw. For tvo I c r three itiai rn;ir?*lv neglected; ?and it has by its "ted falling off, and be ing carried down the airvam. sprtac' ex tensively ihiTuuh the meidow, ptoduc in? yearly a largr crop of excellent hay. The st ipes ol this grass* has nearly dis appeared, and the whole blade has be coine of a rich dark gieen colour. This jr'ass grows ?o the height of three 01 f??ur fret, an 1 very thick, and, if cut a few days earlier than common meadow gias>, makes a fodder ut which cattle are very fond. V ' / I \ / NEW -YORK. \ The legislature of New-York com *nc< ctd its? session at Albany on the 7th instant. From the speech ot governor Clinton we have made such extracts as appear to be of general interest, or which relate to points to which our at tention should also be directed.*^ The first article in the?e extracts in particu lar, deserves the attention of our legis lature The great dclects in our present mode ol choosing electors for president and vice president were, at our late clcction, too apparent to escape the ob seivation even of the most inconside rate. Many declined voting entirely, and soinc voted for only two or three out of the fifteen electors to be chosen, merely ?fiom the circumstancc of having no knowledge of the persons to be voted for. Ti e caucus whi h originally nomi nated the taxdidates, might as well have had the puwe: to oppoim them conclu sively. The people had but the name of d?<ii.K what was before doneMor them. And thus it will be, so long as the elec tors are chosen by a general ticket. If the state were divided into districts, the candidates would be gem rally known to the Ireemen whu were to vote for them; and an election would then, as well in fact as in name, exhibit the choice, not of a legislathe caucus, but of the fieofilc. \Yc hope the subject will excite atten tio . equal to i s importance; and that (io use the words of governot Clinton in a subsequent paragraph) u the choice of th* principal magistiate of the nation will be placed where it ought to be: more completely within the control of the sovereign authority." He has also, m his speech, touched upon a subject which is beginning to exci'.e considerable interest in this state; we mean a. convention: and in confor mity ro his i ecomim ndation, a bill wi.l be introduced into the legisla'ure to cull a convention fot altt ring the constitution l__ t f i he *tau-. It will be mortifying indeed ) if North-Carolina, conscious as she is of ti e delects which mar the beauty of her constitution, should be the last to iin piove her p'l.tical condition; a humili ation which wi hope tht good sense and correct leen g of our legislature will spare the people. We are much gra'ifi d with his s'ate nien: oft c process maki in the ^reat canals of that st .tc; w.th his pictuie of the advancing pio*p< cts ol agiicu'ture; an* with is account ol the flouiishing conoi i n, ol tlit. 11 seminal ies. Extracts trnm the Sjiccch njdurvcrnor Clinton. " In advcrtin ? to the objcct of tlis an licipa'e'i nit cling. it will readily 01 cut to you, l?ow much bit cr calculated it | would tic tu p'oinotc economy and to prtseive the pui'.tyof rt-|>uMi'an j vi" ninent, a>.d how much more conso nant w i h tl?e I cpri sentative principle, if the choice of elector* ?fie btought j nearer ?.ome to the people. Indeed, it I must he considered a sink i>^ itiiptrh-c* t if >f ? in the national constitution, that no ' uniform rule bus been psesiritxd on this su ;jet\ I ; i s? me states, ec ctois an chosen by the people . ?y diMiitis; in others, I <y a general ticket, and if> u f-w, l.y t 'i v ie^i- id.u'e; tlie ia*t mode i- ? ? r t.'inly the nrst hjectionabh . A Sony, not numerous. an elected for scveui moni'is pn \ io'js to tlu period ol dtt.on is ' x|m,m d 10 t r.e op< ia!ior?* ol inir.^m , and is not *o sab- a depositoiy ot tins g cat truM, as the commonly at iai^e. In so ic ?*vs a minoMiy of tin people m.?j cl h iriijoi it y of tne legislature. J :>c election ot that bo \ in lime of public Manendi!) may In made without iii ucit n b i cii' e to t nis o' ject. *>r. met c is sin h a coisiotiahle intti veiling tunc beiorr thechone ol elertoi?, tna a lull and lair expi i Hsion ol trie pnbie seiin ni"ir may not tak? place, 01 may ht- (lc ? I'be pc-iplc die certainty less liable to impi o|*< i u. flue me tn n any oilier bony ol men, ?n'i m tl.eii pinny, discern m el it, and public *>puitt\*e must l?-,y lur thi stability and pet tnuliuicc ot cut repnblu an institutions o J i the ot rst ot )oiii pioct-e' in^s %? u will aiso l<t (.ailed u|x>n to elect a tenaior c> the I luted bur. i he post tion of our- national c one eras will un oub'c?tly demand ?h? utm<>?t rirctun sp. ction, as well on this subject, as on the more immediate object of your meeting. In order to meet the deficien cies of the national revenue, great r< tretu hnunts must be made in our ex penditures and wise plans of finance must i?e adopted. Our resources may j he cherished, and the eviis of heavy ? t'xatioti or increasing debt, may be averted hy the abolition of useless i ffi cts, by the diminution of expensive es tablishments, and by the cultivation of hat economy which is most congenial w.th the simplicity of republican go v? rnment, and which is required by the grea- pressure on the nation; keeping, however, always steadily in view the /pubiic defence, and the general safety. In order to resuscitate the propeity of the community, it is a!so necessary to cherish the interests of productive in dustiv, and to promote the imernal im prove men's of the country. " It is to be regretted that the colli sion which took place at the last session of congress, relative to the prohibition of slavery in new states, should have bren attended with so much irritation, anil that it should be considered as an at tempt to violate the rights of property. In states where slavery has been esta blished by law, it is not in the pouer of the national government to interfere; and all regulations on this subject must proceed from the local governments; but in the admission of new states into the union, it is the duty of congress to protect t tie great obligations of molali ty, to enforce the pi ineiples of the Ame rican revolution, and to consult the pa ramount and permanent interests of the empire. 44 As a member of ihc American v fcderacy, ii is not only our duly but our interest, to sustain the respectability, and to promote the authority of the national government, by a patriotic and eniijjh ttned ixercise of our sufl'tagrs, and by coniibuting all our energies to esta blish a wise ai.d public administration. But in attending to measures so impor tant, wf ought not to overlook the du ties which we one to ourselves. Our government is compiex in its orgamzj uon, and it is essentially necessary to preserve the state governments its their purity and eneigy. A Irce government could never exist in a country so exten ? sive as the United States, without a ju I dicious combination of the federal and i i representative principles.? The appre- , I hensions which some of our wisest i j statesmen entertained at the formation j ' of the constitution, that the state govern- j ; menu would constantly encroach on the powers of the national government, ap pear not to have been realized. ? The practic al tendency has been in the oppo site direction. Th? power of the general administration has increased with the ext nsion of its patronage. And if the officers under its appointment -hall see fii , as an organized and disciplined corps, . to interfere in the state elections, I trust ! tliat there will be found a becoming di?- ] I position in the people, to tesist these ! I alarming attempts upon the purity and independence of tbeir lo? al govern ments: loi whenever the pillars which suppoit the e-lihce of the general g:o icrnme; t a-e unoermitad aud piostrat td, tne wnole faMic of natio <a I freedom ai d pro?piri'.y will be crushtu in ruin. I t.avt considered it my solemn duty to , protest against these unw ai rautable in unsions of extraneous influence, am! I hope that t l?e national legislature will j not be regardless of it> du'y on tnis oc casion. " ll tne ingenuity o( man had been ? (xercibttf t<? organize the appointing I pnwi i in such a ^ ay as to pvduce con tinned intrigue and conuiv lion in the st^tc none c ould have been advised with moic i HVct than toe present arran^. - lurnt. We have seen iis pernicious in Huci.cc m the constant commotions " inch agitate us; and we run never ex ec t 1 1 al tlie community w ill be tranqi.-il or that the Mate will maintain i's clue weight in the coi.fv <!rra' \ , until a radi cal rt nu dy is aj?p ied. ? Under this iin pit ssiuii, I nave hnetr.furc proposed the railing ol a ? ?,iiv i.ti-tn. The n'lisli.u i'.f>ii contai >s no provision f?>r lis amend ment. In 1801 me Ic^i-d iture submit ud two speeitv: p? ints to a convention ol delc-,;at< s cho-rn by t r people, which im t an. I a;; re i ? to ccitnin amendments. ? Attempts have been made at various tin. i s 10 f >ll<>w up this prt cedent, w hich ha\t been unsure t ssful, not oiny on ac count ol a collision of opinion about the i:enei?J policy ol tlic measure, but also HspectihK the objects to .e proposed to the contention. 'l'hese difficulties may be pioi.ably surmount' d, either b) sub mming the subject of amendments ^e i nerali) to a convention, and thereby a voidi .e controversy about the put poses i lor mIim.Ji it is called; or by submitting | tl.t qucsii'.ii to the people in the fust I install cc , to determine whether one I ought to hi co; \ened: and in cii h< r case, ? to piov.de for tin ratification hy the pro , pit m their ptimaiy assemblies, ot the i pioecedmgs of the onvtntion. This douok ct.uk will be admirably calcu- ! Ian d t<? tar y lino elTcct the ftovcrcigl; ! authority ol the people: to guard against daiigcmus intei polations in out funda mental tnaio t: to che< k a spirit ol per* melons innov a ion, and cmpirii al prc hcripfii i., a n< to a. I y the a] -prehensions of some oi ?.t,r iitsi ml widest I low cu<4ii s, \?nw, anca .y satisfied with the signal prosperity and high destinies p( the siate, ire un willing, for the sake ol some approvements, to encounter the risk of clianging materially the features of a cont>imilion, which, in Us gelieial conformation, is admirably c?lcsi?ted to promote the happiness to elevate the prosperity, and to protect the freedom of the community. ? . "It aflbrd* me the highest sa'isfaction ?to renew my congratulation* on the suc cessful progress of our internal iitiprovc , ments. Upwards of fiftf^ne miles of tbc canal between the Cieuesse river and Montezuma, including fifteen locks, arc under contract, and the whole distance of sixty miles and a ijuarter, with two additional locks, can be easily comple ted by the first day of September next. The contracts made during the last ses sion, were on better terms for the state than those on the middle section; and during the present year, tlx y arc from thirty to fyity per cent, lower, inducing the mason work. Thirty miles of the section cast from Utica, are aNo under contract, including twelve locks, and will be completed the next season. 44 In the progiess of these operations, rocks have been excavated ;??. '.hi Little Falls in seventy or eighty day , which it was originally suppostd would have ta ken two years. The imprr vcmcnts in the Hudson river, and by canals, to th< distance of twenty-tight milo* sou in from foil Edward, will be effected the next season; and it is hoped that the re maining ten miles to Watcrford, which will finish the whole operation ?>! the inland navigation of the north, cau also be accomplished within that period. I here will then remain about one hun dred miles on the western, and ubout -eight on Ihe eastern section, in or t^T to realize our whob >ystem <?! in ternal navigation. Tne limitation ot the annual expenditure h;<s hail a tendency to procrastinate the completion e.f t"is great work: and under a lull persuasion that the whole can not omy 'itr accom plished, hut well accomplished in three years at the utmost, from the present period, 1 earnestly lecommi ndt'ie adop tion of plenary joel efl'ectual m? a?ures for this purpose, 'l'hc advantage s to Ik. ; gained by this course will l>e ^icai and ! striking. The facult.es of ihe sta e aic I fully adequate 10 the operation, and ail controversy about the older of c> niplt tion will be avoided. The civilized wo' id is now in a state ol p. sec ; hut lh?- symp toms of f*reat and e xtensive convulsions begin to appear in Kurope, and if wars shall unfortunately al1\i< t th.it poition of the globe, we will per naps he < oirpellcd | to assume a defensive attitude against the aggressions or. the tights ot neutral ity, wi.ich may finally plunge us into hostilities. Now that wi aic lree from great national calamities, and the [trices of money, of labour, arid of commodities, are uncommonly low. we ou< t to avail ourselves ot the favoniahlt pp<iunity. The public sentiment is now unittd in favour of the measure, and ti.e pn.gr. ss ol time m;ty crt ate oppoMtiun trom | chiim rical appreher bi-.iis, fioni seifish views, fr?.m jai rin^j interests, and f. om local competitions. The increased ac 1 commodation and easy communication will immediately create a vast in. nod trade; and il we only suppose that one hundred thousand tons arc annually transpoued on thr we-tcrn canal, the revenue, at the late o! live doilais a ton for t.'.e whole distance, \* til defray all tne expense s of i e pan s and so pel ii it i ndance, and tx'.inguish in a short time the whole debt. " A st^p of so tlecidid a'.d energetic | a character will also encourage tin- pa I tri'i'ic at ? ot Ohio, to pi.i'su?" i*s nobk ' attempt. lo unite the wu??-rsof Luke h?*ic and lite O.MO riur. Ai.d .surely lltctc can be r.o liestitu* :(?!? in dcvotiin; n.c n sources of the s',at<-, in the *.p? < y and ? P j< tual accompli tuii t nl ot a imasurr w liK It, ill the Ln,;u.i.;t of the a': " ol . e$ I 7 ??will piomote a-.iirulfuir, uianul <?> f ires and conuuci i t; militate ti.e ( la lui i s of war, < nhance tl.r hl-js-r .;s ot peucc, Cf .nsoijtl ? ; e the union, adv ,.i.<c the prompt i ii), and elevate the chai actu of t ie United State*." " The final and complete establish ment of an ahle arid respectable i>'<aid to snpi rintci.il t!.e ^encial interests of agriculture, i> mi t v< nt of th?* highest i importance; and tlie exhibitions which j have taken place in different counties under the auspi? ?;b of the local soc icin ?>, evince inci easing improvement in the quality and quantity ot the Inn's ol the earth. Notwithstanding 'he pr< suit in different maikft tor tlie pioducts ol husbandry, vt t it i> pl< isinjj to perceive the i;eueral and rising estimation in which this pin -.nit is held, the zeal with which it is cultivated, and the prospeii- | ty which it has attained* In course of ; time the natural correspondence be tween tin* Wagi s ol labour, the pi ice of commodities, and the value ol money, wii? be restored. And a# the evils now lelt arise from aran^enients heretofoie made on the exist<-ntc of high prices, all prospective operations will be ac commodated to the reduced state of the market, and the country will emerge slowjy from the evils with w.iich it is now environed.'* " The flourishing condition of our seminaries ol education, furnishes addi tional inducements to continue and to < xteiid the patronage of the state. In six thousand common schools, organized under the act for their establishment, three hundred thousand children ate | taught. a i d 1 60, OoO dollars ai r annually app? opriatell to the c< mpcnsa'.ion of the teacllors. 1 am informed \ty the useful and able office: who prf*idt? ovrr tht# department, that the number of pupils ai present taught in our schoci?, is ccjual to nine tenths of the whole num ber of child- en between the ages of five and fifteen year*, and approximates to one fourth of our whole population. There are probably twenty schools in this slate, conducted on the Lancastcri an system exclusively, and several oth ers which follow it partially, but not so far as to assume a distinctive character. In some of these establishments, several your.? men have been recently instruct ed a? Lancastrian teacher*.; and it in to be hoped that this system will be curried itiiu tlit niwM extensive opi ration. There are now upon an average about fifty scholars for every school master under the present plan of common schools; and whether the number be great, or he HnalU the introduction of the Lui casie rian method is of importance: lor admit* ting in all eases the competency of the teacher to attend to all his pupils, yet v* he n we consider the rapidity .of ac quiring instruction under iliat system, and re fleet on the uselul habits which it forms, and the favourable impressions which it makes on the minds and the moiala of those who participate in it* benefits, we cannot hesitate to give it a decided preference. The education of youth is an important trust, and an ho norable vocation, but it is loo often com mitted tn unskilful hands, l.iheial en couragement ought unquestionably *o be dispensed lor increasing the number of competent teachers. " in thirty of the forty incorporated academies there were the l ist v- ai two thousand two hundred and eighteen stu dents, of which six bundled and eighty eight were engaged in learning Latin and Greek. The fund appropriated l<?r the benefit of these institutions, is anou*. 520,000 dollars. 44 In Columbia, Union and Hamilton colleges, there art* five hundred and i>?rmy-two students, and in the two me dical Colleges, ?.ne hundred and ninety* sis. The giants to thrs establishments amount tj upwards of 72o,000 dollars: and perhaps the whole appropt iation for the promotion of education, may be es timated at two millions and a half of uol lars. Although this sum may appear highly liberal, yet u hen we iook to the resources, population and t stent ot the state, and coiisidi r that known dge is es sential to the happiness and dignity ot man ? :o the exist? nee of republican go vernment, and to national power a; d glory ? we must frel pf-r*tiadrd that inoie munificent dispensa<i<>ns ou/ht to n? afToided for its encouragement and diffusion. And 1 would particulariy if commend tiie cducatn n, at the ] u! iic expense, ot youth distinguished anu sc lented for mot a I superiority, or pie en.iii. n-c o! talents and character. A nicasme of thi, nature is strictly in uni son with t'ir yenius of our government, ai d would have a tendency to restore ih. equilibrium el society ? to n.iu^a'r those prejudices which spring up in th:. freest communities ? 10 drvel' pe intel lectual resources, which wou d other wise lie los' 'o the woi id, and to ixc i'e a >pirit of emulation propitious to the in terests of knowledge, and promotive o! the fame and prospeiny of our couuiiy. When I contemplate the vast resources of the state, and pa* ticuiat iy the im mense icvenue which will accnn from the completion of it*, great plans of in ternal improvem* lit, I e.t<itam a confi di nt ixpecu'ion tlu' the t ising, and ail iUture genera'ions will experience the ron inued and increased munificence of government, exercised in different ways a. id through vai in us channels, lor the promotion of insti uction, and the propa gation ot knowledge." I ?? I conceive it an indispensable duty to i ,dl your attention once more to tlic state ?>f i ur periicntia: y sy item. In err im.oi i.lioo ol the oburviilioni wi.i* h I liive heretofore cointuui.it *tv <!, peiu.it me to state, that the- increased ?xpeme, and pjiiMi lailuie ot lhi"? s> it? in, may lie piinr p. illy tibid to an inju'li ions org 11 /ri'i'.ii (J r s government, and to ><n in \ pedicnt <*t i aogr ri.ent of the build ings." ' *4 I he state prison at Auburn is, by a late nif<tnjM mi lit, modelh d on the plan of solitary cells. In I. on on a piison has been recently erei tf d ? ontaining se\ en hundred cells: at I9 if i ?1>n i g, in l'enn*yl vania, one is now nodding, of six hun died ceils, each six hy eight feet. A building on this |>Un will not he so ex pensive' as on the old one It will not he ncccssat) to make it so stiong: the pi ? sorters will have no chance of fainting conspiracies, and hence all escapes will he prevented. The expense of a milita ry guard would he saved; tne duration ol punishment might he usi fully abridg ed; and above ad, ?t might he certainly assured, ii not of a t (formation that will prevent, of a punishment that will de ter, from a repetition of crimes. 1 am happy to state, that the New-York So ciety for the picvention of Pauperism, have instituted an inquiry on the subject of the penitential) system, which will he attended with favourable results; and that improvements at e absolutely necev saiy, may he inferred fmm the tact, that in all probability there none convict in cut ceruted for crime m e\eiy thousand persons composing the population ol the ?? ACiRiClTL'l URK, CO&lMEttCE, AND MANUFACTURES. I * ^ At a Convention of Defagatcs from ? tie principal Ailniuic Mates, represent in^ the merchants and others interest*] in commerce, assembled at PhiU<lt|. phia, the following resolutions *?.rc bi>4iiimi)Uily adopted? and ordeud to be published. * 1. /u'*c/uri/, As the opinion of this j convention, that a system ot commcrcul restrictions is unlavoiuble to iudustty, and that sound policy dictates *he lea* practicable restraint upon individual tn. terpii*e and exertion. 2. Rfolved, That the greatest pos sible revenue, required by ihe national interests should be collected from com merce, on account of the case, economy and ccrtainty ot its collection; hut that this cannot he effected but by the iin. position of such a rate of duties as will not be a restraint upon importations, uor furnish an inducement to smuggling. 3 Nra*tvrd% That by ev- ry impor tant change of the tariff the ration sus tains an immense loss ol productive Ja. bout: A well digested tai ;B" '.hcttfoie should never be channel*, i \< ep* t ?r the purpose ol equal piotfeiion to liie ferent interests of ihe countiy, oi to pro vide for the public warns. 4. lic?olvrd , That we con*Her the production of puhli re wihk-, the U Ul timate object ol le?jisLtio;i o.i tr.c sub ject of duties. ? j. Iir*blvrilt That the operation of the proposed uiitf" woulu be greatly to diminish our exports ui j.,i i ? itui ?1 pi 'MlllCtS KTa I* ti> redtJCC the ValllC of l ho e remaining in tk>.e co unity; ? grcaily to lessen importations by reduc ing our means ol purchasing both at Itoine and abroad; ? almost to destroy the revenue arising trom tumineru; to )' lowei tin pi ice of labor, and to encrease the profits of the rich manufacture. Whi'e it lessens the protits and of every other individual in the com-* muni'v. 6. i^rtolvetf. That the adaption of the proposed latiH" would produce ftrry ex ? tensive smuggling, and the consequent nrci^sai v inrx-skion o< in errul duties, and heavy direct taxes, which would eventually cause a re-action throughout the whole community; and involve, in > one common ruin, all the maiiu ftlfc lories' in the country. !.'*<? 7. /{, * fvrd, That the ab^jitiqn o? -? dawbacks would destroy (h? carrying y ttadein foreign commodities^ hitherto ** a ?<,urce of great enterprise and wealth to our citizens occasion immense losses I to the commercial, manufacturing and"* i agricultural interests; and deeply affect the public tevcnuc. I H. Jinolx'rdi That a law rrqutfin* | cish paynuutsof duties would maun* ^ ally afT- cr .he entct prize of our citizens, by limiting the operations of the wctive merchants, iix reusing the price of fo reign commodities to the Consumer, and favouring a monopoly to the rich, con trary to the best interests of the coun try. 9 lL*r>lvcd% That if congress ?h*>ui?! not consider it expedient to repeal the duties heretofore laid for any other pur p -? than the production of public t - venue, it (an oi either tie politic ot just, to impose oti ei and higher du it* tl.tt pif>h>M?: r{T< cts of which would -be to i? n< lit me manufacturers at the expense ol evciv other class of the ei'lzcni. 10. Hcnlvrtt, That the project of rendering ours* Ives indt-p' r.iWnt of* fo reign nattoi s, is founded in nititakru views of iiaiion <1 independence. Maris fur unng uation> must always l?e ino?c dependent on tlieir Customers, ton those < uluvaMng tin: soft oil the purcha sers of tlieir pr? aim e. The convention also unanimously dopicd a memorial to congress, which memon ^it was decided as a mutter of decorum, should not be published until it h ?s been presented. I'liiladi Iplna, 4 *. 1 1 S<i\rtnl>er, 1^20 WILLI \.\l 11AYAKH, I'm -.i 'ent of i he Convention. Joiin Vugiiw, Secretary. New York, Nov. 7. The Nrw Y?<tk C ?unty Agricul'tiral Society have agreed to m?*moi ialize cotH:ie*s in favour of extending fuithcr IMOtrciion to ior productive indusity of the nation; and at a lati meeting of the board ol inatiaiti ti, thr following reso lutions w re offered and referred to a committee, who have lecoiniuendcd their ad' ption: Km'jli'tdy I'hat we consider the pros perity, power, and wraith of the Ame rican nation, as dependent on the extent of her productive industry. Rctolved , That \?c consider agiicul* turc and domestic manufactures, to be materially connected in their prosperity* and that the latter branch of industry di rectly tends to promote the p'ospciiiy ol the loirnrr, inasmuch as it opens a home market lor the raw materials, pro duces an inlar.il exchange mutually b< - licJ'n ial, and enables a nation to rely up on her own icsources. Kctolvrd, That we deem it to be the duty ol the congress of the U. States, to protect the J'roductri'e fnduttry "f the country, and to pass such laws, and to adopt such regulations, as will pre vent that competition bom the introduc tion of foreign labrics in our own mar kets, which ?oes iu bleak down and dtstioy it.