ssilgi lt&j M&J-. " -. ' w - , UNION iy;lSTITUTI0N AND THE.LAWS-THE G U A K D I AN SO F OUB LIBERTY. Vol. X3III TUL'ISDAV, Il.iUfJIJ S3, 1813. - . .... - no. ii cc. w - - - liar fr rick toil, Fi Jrat, satar-'s better b'eesiogs paar OVt'we J ! v GARDENING. V GirJening time U upon ut. And why ihjuld not farmers hive as good gardens s villagers! We always expect when see a large enclosure attached U a tillage residence! that a veil cultivated gtrJen will be found within it; and why should we ool eipeet the same on every farm? There is no good reason why. But sadly different, ia many instances, is the case! You eee often- the large, farm srnf (be small fard Well' Cultivate J, and the garden almost ejuirely neglected. Is th latter of less importance tn its place thin the former! By no means. Do the ftnriir and His ftmijy relish the products ' mJ fruits of the garden lestf than others, when they have them? . Not at all. Then why this neglect! It proceeds entirely from a mistaken estimate of horticulture. The products of the gardn are deemed 'of little moment, and those of the farm fiery thing. All hands are harried and driven day after day on the farm, and the prden, which perhaps has only a wretch. eJ little bed or two; is often permitted top to weeds, unless cultivated by the pour women, who generally find their hinds full with their children and domes tie labors. Never was there a greater blunder than this in the cultivation of the earth. There is nothing furnishes a richer amount of healthful and delightful sustenance to a family than a good vege table garden. Indeed, some families with very small garden spots, who carefully cultivate them, receive from them their chief support. Go into their dwellings when their tables are set and you may see a profuse display of vegetables; and perhaps on entering the house of a neigh boring farmer about the same time of day, and thongh there be an abundance of meat and bread, the display of vegetables will be lean and stinted! A little judicious expenditure of time would entirely correct this incongruity, and furnish to every farmer a rich and delightful table of vegetables through the year. In the first place he must have his little garden spot fenced off with rails, if he is not yet able to do it with pickets. It must be a separate enclosure from the rest of the farm, and kept so faithfully. He mnst appropriate a day to ploughing and preparing and sowing his earliest beds no matter what the hurry of busi ness. After these are done welt, as the season advances, and the time arrives for putting in the later vegetables, if he can not spare time in the morning, let the team stop in the course of the day, and let them b well finished also, and the business is done until weeding time. When this comes, an hour in the morn ing early for two or three mornings in a week for a very few weeks, will keep the beds perfectly clean, until the vegetables are fit for the table, and then what will be presented! one of the finest spots on ths whole firm a luxuriant garden, from whence a rich and healthful treat may be gathered rendering comparatively but little animal food necessary, and furnish- ing acciacuiy trie most economical as well pleasant living for a family. To those' farmers who have been in the habit of getting along for years with a dwarfish half-culdvau'd bed or two for a garden, we say, try the commendation here given for one season, a',d we ar re you novcr need be urged to it n?f1Jfl fur the advantages will be so sensii, frit, that of the two, the work of the frra will be rather suspended for a day, or a part of a day, if necessary, than the gar den should not be seasonably and tho roughly attended to. A spot on the north side of the garden may be advantageously kept as a tempo rary nursery for choice fruit trees, (such as cherries, plums, and pears,) as they may be obtained from time to time from neighbors and acquaintances, until per manent places may be selected for their future location. Having paid a good deal 'f HUeation to trees and agriculture, we write from observation and experience. linptUl liegitter. Mil V Tl. Vnrtt Renreaas&vi a SB. nwiwwvw i' s that 6000 quarts of pure milk sre bronchi '"'that city each. day, by the Erie Hail U'd cars, from Orange county, &e., and t it expected that in the Spring 20,000 is will befbrnugkt daily. It "ld in New York at 4 cents a quart, and conse quently all oihergmilk brought to the city h fallen from 6 cents to that price, by which a saving of half s m Ui of Hollar year is mads to the eity. mT farmers "f the interior m.ke more by selling milk a 2 cents a qiart than by making bo tr 31 cents a i.iutid. ... It JT , attending erefully to ifietc-s-iull inalters, thai our Nuithvru We iiu-n wake more money o-i fm-i a r, Ha rr reojle do s-am at i. i aytUetU-'e Ubt Fiw-a Craliss IJacasiae. Y MBsyrainis a.cscooo ' . ' TUis afeve aH-to tU ee!f t tre! A4 k mm IVJaw, M (U tight Tfcee esatt SMt U Un lossy ml. aJoibei! mother'," t xclaisscd a sweet. eager toice, and the speaker. I.cbdd'ef uumcsb years, tbrst law theroAn.wkeve aire. Larltoa sat at work, M don't. yon think ibere is to be a'prizs given o f s htbiiionday for the bsitcorapositioa! And I Dtaa to try for it W IP MrsSCsrlton e a widow, with a mod erate fortune, and a bandome bosie in I rtsaoat Si. Jioskm. She has been a tar ia fashionable life, but since the lots of berknibaad, whom she tenderly lev ed. she baa retired Iron the gay world, and devoted herself to bercLild.a wild, frsnk, happy, geosrous and inpeuioes creature, wii half a desa glaring fatilts, and one rare virtue which Dvlly repceni ed them all. That virtue, paiieet read ers, yoe mnst find out for yourself, v . Harriet wap busy with berrompciition, when her sunt, who was on a visit to Mrs. Carhoa, ealcred the room. Aunt Eloise was a very weak minded and weak-heart ed lady of a very nncerlaio eahap ily gifted with mare sensibility, tbsa sease .She really had a deal of fueling for berssSf and aa almost iaeihsostable shower of Mars, varied occasionally by hularics nd fainting fiu, whetierer aoy pressing exigency ia the fate of her friend dssaanled self possession, energy, or iss . mediate assistance. Khc thoeghtand avowed herself extra vagaady fund of her neice, during her early childhood, and imagined that she displayed a graceful enthusiasm in ex claiming, every r.cw sad then, in her pre sence, and in that of others. "Old ytu sogel child! I do think she is die s west est ersature! Cou here and lias me, you beauty!" dee. dee. Bet no one ever saw Aunt Eloise taking ears of the child, at tending to its Iitd wants, or doing any thing for its benefit. . The only tangible proof of her affection for her nice, was in lbs shape of bondoos and candy, which she was in the habit of bringing home from her frequent walks ieTreiaentstrert Harriet regularly handed thesa forbidden luxuries to hr mother, snd Mrs. Carlton as regularly threw them ia the fire. " I.o't it a pity to waste such nice things, mother! Why not give them to some poor child in tL street!" asked the littler girl one dsy, as she watched, with longing eyes, a paper full of the tempt ing poison, which her mother wts quiet ly emptying into the grate. " Mrs. Carlton did not disdain to reason with ber child - That would be worse than wasted, dear. It would be cruel to five to an other what 1 refuse to yoe on account of its unwholesomedess, e e Oi.e morning, when she was about six years old, the child came into ber moth er's room from her aunt's, where shs had been alternately pelted, sedded, nnd teas ed, till she was weary, and, seating her self in a corner, remained for some time absorbed in thooghl. She had been read ing to her mother that morning, and one sentence, of which she had asked sn ex planation, had made a deep impression upon her. It was this: " God sends us tri als and troubles to strengthen and purify our hearts." She now set in the corner, without speaking or stirring, until her mother's voice startled ber from ber re verie. Of what are you now thinking, Har riot!" Mother, did God send aunt Eloise to strengthen and purify my heart!" What do you mean, my child! Why the book says he sends trials f0 that, snd she is the greatest trial 1 have, yon know." The indignant maiden was just enter ing ti '00(D 8 ,ne dialogue began, and hearing i."' own n,rne ,he ,0PPeJ un seen, to li.leu'- Speechless with rage she returned to her cu'er. "J " De?r heard to call Harriet , ngel child again. But we have wasted mc,: words on the fair Eloise's follies than they deserve. Let os retura to Harriet's" all-important composition. . The maiden lady, selfUh and indolent as she was. took it into her bead some times to be exceedingly inquisitive, and officious too. particularly where she thought her literary talents could come into play. She walked up to linnet and looked over ner snouuicr. What's ih s. heyl UDi swryi Thai's right. Harriet, I am glad to tee yMl takini- to literary pursuit. Come child! , .i- M .! I will Lnnrove that! . I sentence for you. I Tnank you, aunt, dui i aou v wn. tiimnrnved " " Not want It improved: iu..-- ityi" . ; "Indeed -sunt, I am not vsm about it, and I would I.ke you to help me, if it were nut to be shown a mine. I would nt be fair, you know, to pass off snoiher s as my own. I wntingpr a jnze. . T,I if - tMat. ? Fer a prize! Se mneh the more res sob Hat yoe shocld be assisted. There, dear, rsi away te your f lav. and I will write H.a!l for job. xSWU he sere to wia tie pnie. -.. With every word thai uttered. Har riet eyes had grown larger sad darker, sod at the close, shs turned them, fall pi astoaishmeat, from ber sort's fars to her mother's. Be-assered by the expression of the latter,' she r-! d. . . -Bui, east EJois. that would be a MsehooJ, yea know A falsehood, miss!" tried the maiden har l)s-itiia ery common thing, 1 assure yea , M Bt not the ls Mse for being com1" mon. fcloise;" said Mrs. Csdion; prsyi it Harriet asve her own'wayboet it, It would be far better to lose the prUs. than to ria it thus diahoeesdy. Auol Eloise, as usual, sternly detsr miasd to have hsr own wsy; but the said no more then, end Harriet pursued ber employment without further interruption. Tht txhitiiitoo dsy had arrived. Har riet hid Coishsd ber story several 'ays before, and read ft to her mother. It was asinjp', gracefuf, child-like rusion, with less of Distentions and ornament; and more of spirit snd originality than hs compositions f inot chtldien of the same sge routain. Mrs. Carlton seemed moch pleased; tut sunt E!o is had crnised it without merey. At the same titae she was oV ssrved to smile frequently with cuoaLg, sly, triumphant expression, peculiar to herself sn-exprettiao which she alweys wore wheo shs bad a secret, and secrets she had, in abaadance a aew one al most every day trivial petty secrets, which no ote eared about but. herself; but which she guarded as jealously asl if they had heesj'spples of guld. . .. ' The exhibition day bad arrived. . "Good by, mother; good by aunt, said Harriot, glancing for a moment into ins creauati room. She was looking very pretty in a sim ple, tasteful dress, mads for the occasion. She held the story in htr hand, neatly enclosed in an ccvehtpe, sad hsr eyes were lull or hope the cloudless hope of childhood. . Dont't be surprised. Harriet," said her aunt, "at any thing that may happen to-day. Only be thankful if the priie is your's, that's all." " II Kate Sumner don't win it, I do hope I shall!" replied the eager child, and awsy she tripped to school. At twelve -o'clock Mrs. Carlton and her sister took their' seats among the au dience, in the exhibition room. The ud exercises were completed, and it on ly remained for the compositions to read aloud by the teacher. ' . . Tbe first was a sentimental essay op on Friendship. Mr. Yent worth, tbe tea cher, looked first surprised,- then smua ed, than vexed as he read, while 'a gaily and fashionably dressed lady, who occu pied a conspicuous place ia tbe assem bly, was observed to 'tots her head snd fsn herself wiih a vary complacent air, whils she met with a nod, the conscious eves of a fair and beautiful, but haughty looking giil of fifteen seated among the pupils. v " By Angelins Burton. said the tsach eras he concluded, snd laying it sside without further comment, he look up the next," Iiaes to a Favorits tree, by Ca tharine Sumner." 1 The next was a story, and Harriet Carlton's ejres and cheeks changed color as the listened. It was the same, yet not the same! Tbe incidents were hers, the sentiments more novdike, and many a flowery and highly wrought sentence had been introduced, which she had ne ver heard before. She tatVpeechlsss with wonder, indig nation and dismay, sod though several other inferior compositions were read, tbe was so absorbed in reverie, that the heard no more until she waa stratlcd by Mr. Wentworth's voice, calling her by name. She looked op. In his hand was the prize richly chased, golden pencil case, suspended to a chain of the sune mate rial. The sound, the sight recalled her bewildered faculties, and ere shs reached the deak, she had formed a resolution, which, however, it required all her native strength of sool to put in practice. " Miss Carlton, the prize is youra!" and the teacher leaned formed forward to ihrow the chain around her neck. Tbe child drew back. No, sir," she said in a low but firm, and distioet voice, looking up bravely in his face, " I did not write the story you have read." Not write ill" exclaimed Mr. Went worth;" why does it bear you name! Am I to understand. Miss Carlton, that you have a-ked another s sssistance II your composition, and that you now re nor! the deception!" in Poor Harriet, this wss too much I ' . . . , ,,, . . . uer or eyu m. u.r. tears; her lip trembled with emotion, and she paused a moment, as if diidaioing a reply to this unmerited ensrge. A slight snd sneering laugh from the beauty arooaed her, and she answered, resnecifullvbuifiin.lv. " The story I did write was ip that nveloDO vestordav. florae one has t-f ' -. . rhaisgtd it wiihoat my knswUr'g. ft was nut so gou4 as that you haw reuu so I must not ike tbe prize. , There was e awarmur t epplav e throegh the astea b!y, and the Martv.r beat apoa the Llusiag girl e !.ck of ip-J proval, which amly repaid Lrs for all the embarrass meat she had su ffered. , ' Aent Eloise took advantage of the nu meaury excitement to steal -unobserved from tie room. Harriet took hersesUatd Mias Angelina Curtoa was called op. 4Tt e portly matron leaned smiling fotward; sod tbe graceful liule teauty, s'.re-dy sf- fcclioe the airs ef a fine lady, sauntered I up to lle dek sad languidly reached eat Ltrhiad fr the prize. . , . j I cannot say much for your taste U selection. Miss Burton. I do not admire ' he smeke from the great emption of lbs your sutbnr's sentiments. .The texjkjwoVano llerls, in I-e!snd, which cot ered Ume'ycu with to make an extract, you more than three thousand square tn'-les mutt allow os to rhoose for yon. 'There , with burning lava, in some places to the are better thine s than this, even ia the depth of forty fee. I bad this account trssby magazine from which you copied It, , . And with this severe, but lastly tneri- J tf drtroof ol the imposition that had been rrsctiied. he handed the young U- dy, not ths prize, which she expected, In that maauaciipt essay on Friendship, I which shs had copied, word for word, aixteeam egreeanfl norm want, nonliern from en old magazine. , - . I l'f ,r f daily occurrence, and so have The portly lady terned very red, and .been from time immemorial. So illumi tbe beaty, bursting iato tears of sngsr snd. nated sre the heavens that persons may mortification, returned to her seat discoin-to'ii 'ad in the aijht. filed. Miss Catharins Sumner." rssamed the teacher with a benign smile, to a plain yst noble looking girl who cams forward ss be spoke: " I believe there can re no mistake about your little efiusioa. ' I feel greet pteaiure ia presenting you the re ward due, aot enly to your mental culti- vation. but to the goodness of your heart, What! do yoa, loo.' hesitate!" 4Will yeo bs kind enough, sir," said the generous Kate, taking a raper from her pocket, "to read Harriet's story fine you decide! I a-ked her lor a copy i several cays ago, and.beieit is, " Your shall rend it to the audience yourself, my drar; 1 am sore they will listen patiently to so kind a pleader in her friend's behalf.: The listeners looked pleased and eager to hear the story; and Kale Sumner, with modest self possession, which well be came her, snd with her fine eyes lighting up ss she read, did full justice to Hie pretty and touchirg story, of which Har riet had bern cruelly robbed. " It is wsll worth reading," said Mr. Wentworth, when she had finished: "your friend has won the prize, my dear young lady; sad, as she owes it "to your generosity, you shall have the pleasure of bestowing it yooself. Kate's face glowed with emotion, as she bung the chain around Harriet's neck, and Harriet could not restrain her tears while she whispered, ' "I will take it, not ss a prize, but as a gift from you, dear Kate!" " And now, M.ss Sumner, said Mr. Wsmworih, in conclusion, " let me beg your scceptance of these volumes ss a token nl your teacher s rrspeet and es teem," and presenting her a beautifully bound edition of Milton's works, he bowed his adieu to tbe retiring audi ence. A Will vou lend me. your prize pencil this morning. Harriet?" said Mrs. Carl ton the next day. .- She was dreased for walk, and Harriet wondered why ehn should want ths pencil tn lake out with hei; but she immediately unclasped the chain from the neck, and handed it to her mother, without asking any qauatinns. Mis waa rewarded at dinner by finding it lying at the side of her plate, with the single word, Tritii," engraved upon its seal. From the New York F.spres-. Wonderful sights in the air. The venerable American lexicographer has thought it worth while to notice, in the New Haven Herald, the use which sppears io have been made in recent pub lications of certain atmospheric pheno mena, in reference to the great change which it ia said is to come over the world this year. He says: " To persons not accu-tomed to see any unusual phenomenon in the heavens, such as a fiery appearance of the clouds must be very terrific. Ignorance in audi cases is a calamity. I had seen more wonder ful sppesranccs in the clouds or hesvens. and was not in the least disturbrd. " In the dark day, Mav 19, 1780, the heavens were cohered with a dense cloud for threo or four hours; the Legislature was in session at Hartford, and such was the darkness that business could not be transacted without candle. During this time the clouds wero tinged with a yellow or faint red for hours, for. which no cause has been assigned. I stood and viewed this phenomenon with astonishment, but I had not any fear that the world was coin ing to an end. I i " In ths evening of Msrch 20, 1782, an extrsordinary light spread over the (chanic, that possesses the power of nar whola liemisphers from horizon to hori-' rowing, and widening, and knitting to any zon, north and south, east and west. The desirable pattern, doing the work which light was a yellowish caat and wavy. ' twenty or thirty hands performed at the The waiving of tho light was visible, and looms. eae ff f os Leard, or imsg'r.rd i!.-y hrtrJ, a t! gftl rs-tfing aotd. 1 thru resided in Ciushea. Or-age eooLty, New York, snd sfnod half an hoer sua a biiJgs over the n $H h.td. t& witness thtl ixua- ordinary plranwepna, hut I saw no er soa thsi ssi (Tightened at lbs sight. , la tbe year I7S3, a great part ff Europe was ever-presd for weeks with haziness of ahofttplere which canted great eooalerration Tbe churches, were crowded with supplicants. The astro awaner Inland, attempted to allay the fright by eodeaioring to acemmt for the ap- pesrsaee. which he ascribed toa ancom men exhalation of watery pariielts from the great raiaf the succeeding year. Cut at last the cause was aseeiuimd to .fra Dr. Franklin, who was in Europe j at the time. ; a a late paper, publiabed y trie Millerites, I saw an article st.tii g that the northern lights foretell something ter- nble. " The writer eeems not to know that in the high northern latitudes. In the I. "These I;hi occanon.Uy come so far outh ss to iiluoincte the sky in our lathude. Semetliuea they do not appesr for many years." At the close of the sereateenUi amh beginning ef ths eigh teenth century these lights were r.ot seen for a long period, snd when they re ap peared, about the jear 1 8 17, our antes- jtors who had not seen or heard of thtm, j were a!l alarmed, and actually supposed 'that the day of judgment hadconie. I " Daring my life I have been so moch be-,aceuatooieil;to sector them lights, fa 'ling start, so called, and fire halls', that they have long siuce xsased to excite my en rioaiiy. . ' - ; " Nearly thirty yesrs ago I read sn article in a Vermont paper, stating that ths noitliern light en. a certain evening, wis to low as to be visible between tbe spectator and 5 a distant mountain. N. WEBSTER," From the Rotaoks Republican. ' ECONOMY. rA'greal many persons imagine parsimony to be economy. and that stinginess ia s virtue, but there is no greater mistake. Si. me imagine that to be economical is to save money to hoard up silver and gold, and that nothing else is necessary to constitute an economical individual. This is a mistake. Borne be leve that to spend money lavishly for fine clothes, fine furniture, dee. is the only wsy in which sn individeal can be ex travagant and that a wasting of cash con stitutes a spendthrift, and that no other characters should be designated by -that term.. This is another mistake. In the first place, economy end stinginess differ in the motives thai prompt their exercise. Economy is the taking care of one's pro petty whether it be money or houses or taDds.Jnr the purpose of providing well for one's hoaiebold and to be able to as sist the needy of the neighborhood. It is a .virtue. IVrimony is the stinting ons's sell or family and denying them the comforts of life for the 'purpose of hoarding up wealth to gratify the pride of the heart. Ii ia to live poor and mis rrable and mean that we may die. rich. Economy it honourable; l'ariaony is dcspictible. Secondly. K economy should be carried so far as to become a habit of craving and coveting a neighbour's goods for anything lets than their full a!ue, it is at once a sinful and disgraceful avarice. So thui every economical individual should bs very c.mtions how lie acts, and not in luljje too much in ibis virtue. Waste nothing. sae every thing, and give what ) ou can spare. Thirdly, Time is money" And more extravagance is. exhibited in the watte of this, than in any other arti cle of property man possesses. Money is made by time; property of all kinds u t .e product ot time; and yet hun lnds seem to think time of no value whatever. When t!iey eee an individual spending large a mounts of cash for fine clothes or other luxuries, they exclaim "that person ia a spendthrift, and if he does not reform he will become a bankrupt." But they see individuals by the score, wasting in idle ness day after day, months after months, and year after ear of their time, snd do not consider them spendthrifts at all. Is it not atrange! The individual who lives in idleness one year, squanders, wastes, throws away just so much money ss he might have earned during that year by some honest employment. Is it not so! Those who watte time, then, are equal ly as much spendthrifts as those who waste money, and should bo so cou.ider ed. . A Rotary Knitting Loom has been in vrutid in Boston by an ingenious n e Ileas; mf Rejirttrn'aUt ea t'e&. ST ;.. THE BR1TIII TKEA1 Y. V The Speaker laid before the House the following fhetsae front the Frraiurpr rf die United States, in answer to a rmdu tkm of the Hoti on the subject of the romtnietion of that portion of t!ie treaty of Washington which relates to lUt right vtLira.rbniayS7.h.lStl . Ta the Atrie .'rprrscwaicfa; Tn compliance wiih the resolution rf the House of ltrprett utatm a of the S?d inst. requs i sting tue to communicate to the House " whatever evrrespondence or communication may have been rcrriieJ ( from the British Government respecting the riesidem's construction of tc late British treaty concluded at Washington, as it concerns aa alleged right to vit-it American vessels, I herewith transmit a report made to me by the Secretary of,' ,Swr. ..; r Vk j , f . I hare alo Umught proper to rotr.mn nirate copies of Iord Aberdeen's ilctu-r of the 20lh December, 181 1, t Mr. Ee rett, Mr Everett's letter of the 23d December in reply thereto, snd extracts f from several letters of Mr. Evrrrtl toMio . Secretary of State. . I cannot forego the expression of my' regret at the apparent purport ofa part of Lord Alcrdcc u's despatchto Mr. Fox, I had dicrishcd the liMe thai all prola- bility of rnisundcrstandiog as to the' true- construction of the 6th article of the trea- tyjatcly concluded between Great Bri tain and the United States, was preclu- 1 ded bv the o'.ain and well weighed lan- gttczc in whit'h it is expressed. The de- sire ofv both Govcrnmenls is to put an end as speedily as possible, 10 the slate ' trade, and that 'desire, I need scarcely ' add, is as strongly; and as sincerely, felt by the United Slates a it can be by Great 1 Britain. Yet it most not he forgotten fliat the trade, though now universally rcpro- J bated, was, up to a late period, prosecuted by all who chose to engage in it, and there were unfortunately but verv few Chris- lian Powers whose subjects were net per mitted and even encouraged to share in the profits of what was regarded as a per fectly legitimate commerce.' It origina ted at a period long before the United States had been independent, and was carried oa' within onr borders' in 'oppo sition to the most earnest remonstran- ' ces and expostulations of some rjf the co- Ionics in which it waa most actively rro- ; secuted. Those engaged in it yrere as lit- tie liable to inquiry or interruption as any ' ' others. Its character thus fixed by com- - .- mnn Pnnnl nnit crpn'rsl nraclicp. pnrflil only be changed by a positive assent of each and every nation, expressed either. is ; w -the form of municipal law or convention- A al arrangement. The United States led t!;c way in eCbrti to suppress it. They i claimed no righyo dictate to there, but " they resolved, without waiting for the co- 1 operation of other Powers, to prohibit it to their own citizens, and to visions per-," petration by them with condign apunish-' ment. I may safely affirm that it never- , occurred to this Government that any new ' maritime right accrued to it from the po- : sition it had thus assnmcd in regard to the slave trade. Ifbefore our laws for its suppression, the flag of every nation ' might traverse the ocean unquestioned by, our cruisers, this freedom was not, in our -opinion, abridged by our municipal legis lation. . Any other doctrine, it jsplain, would subject to an arbitrary and ever varying system of maritime police, adopted at will , by the great naval power for the time be-1, ing, the trade of the world in any place , or in any articles which euch Power might see fit to prohibit to its own sub- , jecu or citizens. A principle of this kind could scaicely be acknowledged withont subjecting commerce to the risk of con stant and harrasing vexations. The attempt to justify such a prcten- , sion from the right to visit and detain ships upon reasonable suspicion of piracy, would deservedly be exposed to universal condemnation, since it would be an at tempt to convert an established rule ef maritime law, incorporated as a princi ple into the international code by the con sent of all nations, into a rule and prin ciple adopted by a single nation, and en forced only by its assumed authority.' To"" seize and dt tain a ship upon suspicion of piracy, with probanle cause and in good faith, affords no just ground cither forr': complaint on the part of the nation whose' nag she bears, or claim of indemnity on ' the part of the owner. The universal "" law sanctions, and the common good re-' quires, the existence of surh a rule. The right under such circumtaiic s, not'only to visit and detain, but to search a ship, is ' a perfect right, and involves neither re sponsibility nor indemnity, But, with this single exception, notation has, in time of peace, any authority to detain the i ships of another upon the high seas;onv any pretext whatever beyond the'lim its of their territorial jurisdiction. 9Arul'' such. I am happy to find, is substantially -the doctrine of Great Britain hewelf, in r her most recent official declarations, antll evert in those how Conmunicatednb tlie , House. ; These declarations may well lead us to doubt wh.cicr tho apparent dif- v e f5