W fbUk aol t aVtg.tr a (oft ub.! la! kery. " D
Coo) M Halt r-r. IW T tb4Bb. ik-ow tV. V"? Mf,U4
debarred of trW,e- I .
, - - y -
a uawest kU tak il lor f ft a ted.
thai ar diatYg aided ia lS our rtqaral
tgita tr-tw lb public.
Tke h first ,xetgs tkis a
eisay seat ni vfEeem Cat saasiets of
Bjt 1 in eo14 b sor xs rotated;
abey wet rebels &c
bo that. k..r.J. Ate. Mad dart. te.
Ad th SiMf Crrtk toe, or ssthor of
No- I. S. aod J, eft m b pimaled for
it tilt for the relets l tbtte former pt
- pert. N m they wer m igortr.t m
ttan i tee?rt.o. and wst ihnasgb
rowM nf la to mk to lhr of tK
first papers tolpftV f Ihet btt, I ViU
obtests, tttt Utier had rghi to rtfer to
lb fmt. kee.nt ibey k4 eooearred
' tad Joined ia iha foster. b.l iht if ao
oant ? a'l lltea wees eonetin-'
4 ia ttia Lm mr. and aearrrlv fcaj t.airrl
of ih latter, to be 0f ways eulalle
- Jadiaae BOt-4aj !bo ikia d.aiioe
d( ihai mUTw t a b4 people of a
. ! cMBiatl Mtiafea. the akbute it im
l4aMbl. Hevtftt bard tbie diIiae
lkt nt haft bee to r rCerre to
Cdneeiee, I lee it vat the aitett toil
ftamrtlttt of a!l Ibinja to' be fIt by the
pftttiee. - ?
And lei iter, beetote tbrjr etiled then
aUea InMHUnw of the trrat aide of
Haw river, thofofort tbe hJe bod of
the iebftbitaot, oo tl oeat Jr, vat
tretted, that ran TrMure li ar, ibai
JUioefb oot on thud aan oa, the oeat
tJe bad ym eor-cemeJ lbeaa'lre, yet
tbrv toert aueroaida lotted jB aa one
ia ie dtfxMte thrir lie.
Oe iU bote. 1 da eat ibiuk il Mfdful ,
la Ukt oitcli oaiaa to ehw tint uiviihc
tM,lr my o;.iio ia, our oiSetra apleen
int ike kHibore of fottner paper aa
for that tare rOetea. thai thej were pur
eeiof irgtl anJ conatitwUnnal plan to
be redreaaed; u alto, vben it cone to be
it lb lav, the dieunetioo a at rirtr a
- in cay, imI poniahed nose but theai
)b Were nia!Ie eniltr. ' ' -
I bve eid tbee much thie head, lb
Bi"fe aa 1 aber br the aitiMMra.
thtt oae ia kiffbrr etations than out c8U
.ra el'toipted Uc taotc ihir.f oa the to a
So to prred i rdrl-r0 the aaij
4 k f ifiril. (lr lk at llrla arar.
! tried, a4 bth paibea. joined on the
foratrr pun, me p the Iullowio(
paper, wis.
Ko. Vf.
Atfetral etiuf of.tSt Rrealf
twrt.v m Aru. me o, iioa. n aa
fteed to oond P fj ' and J
L to Ofqurat the fvo lai aberifTa
aa our etarr aee, to meet iwrira men
i that oe akall chooac on the Tne Jiv. a(
iar th ajti ChM. to produce to tbrm
opj of V liM of taxable for .ekch year,
niad tit f bo avober and oaeir f the
jaeolteete retamed eerb year, arnh an
aeeooat bow o money aa aprliril, iv
tabora Did. and to ohat Bfee. both
4r.eea aod eherifa, ard tn.rtqarat cor
reresentttie io confer . witn ihrea in
onr behalf, and ahoo a lav for the ru
oraary tree tbet hn been taken fordeeda,
indemaioa. tliftinlairatioRe, dee.' If ihr
lime af poiaird don't euil tbeni. Jet them
apfoint as Hber jnore euitatJe.
flclnre tbao two nrn had lime to net
firo thie aeoteaf, tk ufSeera, either t
,iry r ezaanrie me now ennju popu
far, tork. br war of ?iireaa. marr
eadJIe and bridle, tot one le y, and they
laaoediaiely roe to in number of ainv
or arventy, and ireteued th mare, 4iid
If e a . .. a a n
B'TQtftwt woe at the icl ol Uwlntl Kan
iea honor, aa enify ther biaiu'd biuif i
. i n iaoatr.
Th paper ffo 6 oaa then drliterrd to
vm caiaoiMoral foi'iieier ni the euunty,
b andettonk io try tn)aerwmmodae the
ntuer; wan. oOQtiiae!r. teiuroed viib
an antfttrttfm the nCer. and thai tlit
had appototed rbt 11th day of May for
TVo RfaMrrr bfrrop-m raited a aeei
in on th oHtn of April, en. tvUe
men to areet raidtn) and aeot the of
JSrera aa arontMil ttrereof but the poter
oerer oeadrrtrd by rirn t u
on Samrday) ifc O .ermor'e S. ere-ary
rnted too oaaoe day ta th ton, and
Jrw f a -ro4Meiitfa froo th Grr
w. deemrf all ojtnere to aid md aaitt
fit dhpfm Uteo, And bal I think if
tbe oddeet oStof f cr board of, thi pro
rla4iiD vat aoi an on KaMi'rday, the nov
re tt r einee tbe eio .1 , weable at hnmV.
yet the iteer aaeeaabUd tkerayUra oa
K .oaaol ft a - 4 a. soVav. - i. . a a
j ww mini or aaxMit inirtr.
ttf 14-
Tbit elet m UaaK.airly a ea(arrd al
esoai rerfy aaan, ooanaa d cb Id, that
by da I fit.cxiO)oraif . t mbc kvodietlt
ere oaaa.U'd Bear the loo a, kcb
tWrt aa aa br oe too, teread to
otifa atf ia LaKitr arasxl aaaB an,.
of obooa bod waatlrd lerty odd auUe oo
fooL oo bar (onlrJ and aHB ( at If a I
one) bad trei'ed tLitty aaitaa vitb bia
t a . .
tooet ib auMWi rai ino tneai pari virre
oohorMbivk. To ob! vaeactaaWd
by oh at th ootid ralla the apirit of eo
tbaiaaaa. fur I frit it eataelf aa eoo aa I
eaot iato th roaapaay; i ratrbrd er
, food or bad, aa Saul aotoaf the
oroi.tcrr. A aaan onder tha eneratioo
- o - f -
f thia apirra, J ant eeruia, caa do and
anderf e 1tt4o what b can at aoother
dote Il ia crodirMMtal danerroa to
rata iLia ettirit If it ia auMhin nut aatiw
rat. aa ooot miiior; but 1 Ulieaed it
wa a vork of Piondear, and tLerefare
feared no iL - ,
Tta Gareroot'a Seeietitv net thia
cooipany in eirhl of tha tova: ball have
to obeerve, fir.t, that both th piieooere
bad gitea bail, and bad auei thie eompaor
ry earljt lor are eeppoeed tb ofScci'e
bad got 'me vord of their bemf oo Vt
road, aa eome cornpnica took op long
before day. neat th tooa or eW he
pnaooera woold. v evppoae, hat been
teat to Newber a200 n ice. Thie vo!d
bat beta bard vmk, for th iahabitanU
a the eat aide of the tova. ho vera al
to aaaeoiUrd in eotapaaiee, tayinj io wait
o i ear a e in pnaonrre aaoi'g lababitanta
oho bad not intrraeddlrd betore. Tfie
Seert tary read the proclamation; and dIi
verrd eeibal awtta, vliirk he aaid b
l ad from the Qovernor, That if tbry
a boatd aaernbl ohde L aria bp. io iI1
thcot if ihey would pent on the Goternor,
a would proit-ci and recrrea iheo agaiLti
aoe anllt.l txtnitta na. or ormaakiona
ol any rfScer or rffi.-rra ia tie rountt ;
a a " a . .
protiuca way oould dirpeit and go
, Noeooaer aa the erord apote.but the
oh vie ami i.ude, aa oith on toiee, enrd
ouu Agreed; that fa all oant. liber
ty to make our g rkraaere knuva.
N Te be foil tinned.
. Sir. Calhoun's Lcljtcr.'
....., F-nrt H.II, Dee. tl. 1811
, Ga.ttxextN: I herewith enclose van.
aa'ih organ of thoa who have nomina
ted toe fur the I'rraidencv in thia Stat.
aubjert to a contention fairly constituted,
an Addrera io mr rxditiral fnn!. anl
uppwrtera, aeaigning my reason for not
perauuing my nam to go before the
I - f - w t.MlWIaV U acr n a na . oajaoaft
ft t 4 iraO in III aw HO t I leonan.il iIIa o.
a ooai o o j m ft tiaiiciliu (V J UU
Decauae l deem it retperuul and proper
tn make it known tn thnaa to whom ii ia
addressed, through you, and in order io
afford you an opportunity to take euck
meature in relation to it, aa you inay
deein proper, if indeed, you should deem
any necessary. All I hare to request is.
that Its publication ehould not be unncces-
saruy aeiayea. v
iili great respect, I am. &c. dec. -fSirnpd.V
. J. C. L'AI.TIOll V.
(Ion. Jacob Uond TOn
aod other 'members of the Committee.
The Addres of Mr. Calhoun to hit
a-ouucai ATienas and Support
era.' '
I hare left it to TOO. mv friend and
supporters, through whooe favorable esti-
been presented to the neoole of jhe tlni.
led states for the oiRce of Chief Magis
trate, to conduct the canvass on such
principles, ard in such manner, as you
roiffht think best. Dnt in so inn I
did not wave my right to determine, on
mr individual rrsnonsibiHtr. whAtrnurs-
mv duty might compel me to nuraue i.l-
limatt-ly, nor have I been an inaiientire
observer of the canvass and the courts
you have taken. " ,
It aff,.n!s me plravtire to be enabled to
lav. that on all leadin auesiion. trr.tu-.
inout ol the canvas, I heartily concur
red with roil, in the erounda von tm.t-
and ospecially in those relating to die
1 l-i . a w- .
moue m wiucti tne ueiegates to the pro
posed Convention lobe held al Rltimtr
should be appointed, anJ now they .should
vote. You have, in mv oniniou. enncln.
sivtly shown, that ihey should be p-
poinieu oy uixincu and vote per capita;
nut your reasons, as conclusive as ihev
are, have proved in vaiu. Already New I he adoption of the one, fit
Xrk and some other states have appoiu-j tin which framed the Cor
ted delegates en masse br Stale Conn,
Uon, arid one State (Virgiuia) has resol
ved that the voles of her l)eW.np ahnnhl
be settletl by the majority, and ba counted
Icc'Jri, tkat f canaot trtslt ray ars is
go brfure l) propose j Coavtouoo, roa
utawd as most now be, eoirely
wiJ th priocir lea, o Lh ka evrr
rd rev rUie rondurt. II r diertHfta are
itperitlp. Aa it b coos i'aied.
it repagBtat to tu tL frinciflca, a
winch- la aa rrmntM. aurh a rootro.
IMS sboold befroardv W tat tboo prio
ctrwet are, 1 skaU now frocctrJ bntSy to
atate. .-. ' .
1 bold, ilien. with yea, that t1- foo
veatioo abould be so ee-iitiile J. na Io ot
tet fiiHv an t vtMrtv t'.a ihim nf tfta imm.
pl. and a4 Uu4 m p4.liraj manafera,or
ouir BMjcr ana orrr artxers; ana mr
that ivrpoae, I biU it indirpeiLle, that
tho Drlrai'vakhnul.I Im annauntm) dim-il
by th peO le, or to as th !angna of
Lira. J Mci nm. inmt d no iieao imm ii.a
foplr. 1 also htJJ that tli oidy poa-
ww aww io iun;i uii, ia iir V-'O ITS"
pi to rhoos lb Urb-ritra Lr JJialnrts,
ana mat inry anocij voi per rap-'.
Cvrrr oilier auode of anwiintine would h
at I W
controlled by political machine rr, and
. . . a
puro in pp.iaimenu ia u.s tuuu o
die few. who work it. '
I id.j-rt then, to the proposed Conven
tion, b-fuc it will act be conntitutrd in
rnnfrnitv with this fundamea al article
t f the lie publican rreed. The Delegates
to it ill be appointed from soma of th
cts ics, not oy tne people in tJitrict, bat,
as baa Wen stated, br State inventions
en ma, composed of DclfgatM ap-
". -!. . . a .
pointeu in a:: cae, a t am uilormru, by
Cout.ty or UUlrlct Conventiona, and in
ome cae, f not .eikintoriiiod. the
again composed of IMcjalet appointed
by atill smallet divisions, or a few interest-
1 a Oa at. a.
ea imiiviuuais. instead then ol being direct
ly, or fresh fiom the people, the Delegates
to th Baltimore Convention will be the
Delegateaof Delegates, and of course re-
fonr dePTi-ea from the twnnl. A I aarh
successive rcroave. the voice tha people
B O aa o a.
wiu become less lull and ditunrt, until
at last it will be ao faint and imperfect.
as not to be auJ.ble. To drop metaphor,
I hold it iui(MUaiLletafoimasrhenimoro
perfectly calculated to annihilate the con-
I" .1. - 1- .t - n -1
uui in luo peupip oyer in i residential
election, ami rest i: in those who make
politics a trade, and who live, or expect to
nve on tne uorernment.
In this connection, I object not Jets
strongly tu tne mode in which Virginia
L- t t a era a
nat reaotveu nrr ueiegates anau rote.
With all due retnecl. 1 must nr. I ran
imagine nothing more directly in coaCict
wnn our icuerai srstcai oi mrernmeni
or to use a broader ev.nreai.un. tho nrinci,
pies on which all confederated eommuni-
uca nave ever been united. I hazard
notfiin? in sarin?, thai thero ia not an in.
stance in our political history, from the
meetinir of the first Revulntinnarv Cnn.
v j
cress to the oresent da v. .f tho f)eleeaua
mnj .-.'air iiii tqiiii oy majoriiy,
: . . e i. . t1 i tt t
.in tiisiauce vi ,iua &;nj ran as lounu in
the history of any .coufedrrated couimu
uity. There U, indeed, aoinclhinj mon
strous in the id a of giving tlie majority
the rigiit of Liipre.Kiiig the rotejif the
minority into its acrv.ee, and counting
dicui as its own. The plain rule that
which has ever prevailed, and which con
forms to the ditttes of omruin sense, is
that where a la e rctes as n State, by a
majority of its l irlegates, the rotes count
one, be thi-y few or many, or the state Urge
or small. On the contrary, where the votes
of all the Uclirutir aro ronnlail. lhav tnia
iudu .dually and indrpeudjutly, each fur
himw-lf e.iiin'.ing onr. And it is to be nn
ed that wherever thi laU-rnnule of rot
lug exisu among confederated States, il is
ill all Cases founded on rninnnrt. In which
t'.e consent if each Slate is required. In
th absence of compact, ihe invariable
mode of v. tine- i;i such Stinea is. in all a.
ses, by thj majority, their vote counting
OI1K. The Course whirh Virarinin liua r-.
solved to t'ike Ts in violation of this plain
a a a a. - . -
ana lumiaiiicnial rule, and il it should be
come a sealed practice, would lie destruc
tive 'of ihe foundation nn whirh the whnl
structure of the Siute Jiight doctrine is
reared.
I hold il, in th nxt place, to he an in
dispensaldtf princifb, that the Conven
tion sho'.tl I be so constituted, as to gire
to each Stale, in the nomination nf a nn.
didale, tlte same relative weight, which
the Constitution secures o it in the elec
tion of the President, making due allow
ance for its nlitive party strength. By
tlte election, I mean the whojethe e
rentual choice when it goes into the
ll-iuse of Kenresentaiivrs. as well a
i primary vote in the lectoral col!ege. The
j one is as much a part 4f ihe e'edtinn as
al. . . .
me oiner. i ne two make t he who e.
the Conven-
onsiiiu'Kin, de-
U xt a & of ib 11 if, oJ
.a.a. a t ar ;
evtay pmti i wrio u-m Iwf
tato .tut trra.t. mY-.rtm Am aoikftM states
i.U bat the a-ivaugt isieadVd to b
arwiea to r.esa ay i&o ct-vato. oy
bif lred e a te,aalityv aids ths
Sif h ta.a tla lataa'jJ aVtrH aad af
feet, I aao aalm t a ev, ry eaodid aaiod.
bcuar tit coattita oftt not to M
so roaa uitd to eowpeaaat ia th
ooairtiMO tor th ivpoitaat adraeUgt
to tb Urioo. which th ea slier tt-trs
wal4 aorreridcf by gisg into roo
uoat Wool J it a4 b aoialr. a aipabl
waut (41 ood f-iib ai d .berait of tb
rtMoptwow oi eoatutviioa to ti t
bold it! Or. if oVvaroVd. ooadj it b
Levi f aa ivJl to icfa ait Caa it b
ihosa it that the iBillrr autea aro ao Am
ft. ... ... .a. .
oseo boo tat trc u in tus party poiuea
of th ?ay, aa to per as it thrasstlite to b
iadiiertlf ttri,fed of tlgl t,whkk their
h'rhnitifi-'l aird t.atrili. aaraalara tialJ
ao doar. aa to rtraf tko liaia of tha
eoaauiaiioa iiK, riler iLaa aurieedrr
it. ;
I sljei the, to lit proposed eonvra
lioa ia iltia eoooeeiioo. K-rauUi it akaa
OO etiWnoajilno la. iLo a. Tra Maw.. Ldt
tb sarrradeijbf thi anqwetiieeabl a4
iaifiortaat mnalit.tjal ti.hi. -Ia.ir.rl
of that, its adroraita ptreat twrdy and ia
otgnaowy retst any, and tieat wub
seora trerr attempt t aerur ii. Soma
Lav goo ea a far, aa to deny that
Ul tCBal CbMC Of th liAB CABtlH
tow any port ion of th tbciion, and to
. o .O. - a
ojanurai opea bottu-ty a.a ni tn pro
tiioa of tb comti oa a abkb cootaint
If tbet waa ao ether dltetioa. tha
on andcr consideration would b insa
ptrab! with a. I differ utterly froia
th ad v oca a of th jiropoaed Coatrn-
uoa ia rririenr to tn pMttoa. I re
f ard it Bt on of th first intnorlane. not
bt can I drsir tb elecbon io o it
.a W ... - .
ui iiout, but berasee I btlie it to b
tlrcW.a w3 eer eV. rii
that if U. ptartt ml iiniii if ratAl
daira for tho Prcttd. irry, by r .
refta-iuvrd at U-ry pjop-td. aLa'I I
eo lit ubtal 4 fi.r. U til atrily
dttrat th iV ti of tb fraaaara ad t
rotvauaaii, and ooald b fi-tlawtd ky a
radtcal a ad t'ajrua cbasg, t ly
ia the csriit frp4iaiit, but to lb
gevetaejietit iloolf.
Tbi dtagfr.aja tarty foresee, aad
to Bt44 it. boss ot lb wicsi aad aaott
etrwfpae4 atUaaai cf fewaatr diva. SO
ttrorgly etjrettd to jragresiaal rav
rates 10 aosaina raaddaos for tb Tit
sadeacy, that ibry aeti rotJJ le toCBet 4
to attend tbee aatoag tbet it iU be
aCcieat to aat Slr.iIacoa sad Mr.
Looadcs. OtLeis. UfUviBf that thi
piotioioa of ib eontt taiioa ota tooja-
fiatd f prariiee, wr acltrilocB to b
tend it, bat aithoul isvpairisg tb
eac of lbs sstller stales I th clfrtiua.
Among th, I rark nptlf. Tib thai
ofjeet, retUiHBt aer iotroductd, io
IbSS, ia tit Sea by Cot. Bratoa. aad
ia th I loot by Mr. llrDufut. (iret'idteg
for disirktieg th sUUa, aad for ttfr rrieg
tb tleciioa bsak to th prr-ple, la eat
there ahoald be ao choice, to t-tVrt oaa frosa
tb ta kighett randidans. Th priori
tl tabich th anrndmral nriinoaed. aaaa
to fir fair roapt natie-a to tha taa'ltr
- a . aT . ft a . a o
aiait ior in surreaatr oi tnnt adtaa
taff la th vei.tokI rboica b tha Hanao.
and at tb saw t ma to mak tb mod
of elelinar th Piaident aaora atrirda ta
conformity with tb principla of our
aa...l t . B.O O at a a
popwiar iniiiiuu-na. ana to o less liable
to CM rilD I i lhao lh eii.tina nrotiaina.
Thry itetired ib grnerai svpport of th
ntilr. but were otieeted io bv a fw. aa
aot being a full equivalent to tli smaller
tl. i l , .
viaar i m iiiim:ii raioracro ia urn
tieal with thatnn wl.irh taa rAnou i.
. r
eonittut th Baluaaor cobvcbIiob, bat
which has b a so dirtit.Mii.il v ob:tJ
to by aom. who then t'Kk so promiotnt
. . ..
a pan ia us isvor. 11 yro na aot sue
ia iiidinenaabl aaaaoa. in tha hamta Ar'aa.t..t it.a.a .1 1...1 .--.1. .:
ib amaller Stales, .f preteinng ihrirjin rtderting that if other kar sine
w w aj-- -- -- ---ja
joat a.id cin-lilu inl weight ia ibePie
:i 1 .. .. . .. . .
.teniKi rirc iiftfl. ami inrougn tnai,' in
the exerntit drDirmM anJ th
ernmeoi iNelf, which I belitt to b ea-
scnual in the retrrrmoo our sublime
fsdrr.l tviteia. I retard tha ai'iaiimmt
of the rvlaire weight of th states in the
gorernmmt to b lh fundamtBtal com
promts of th consliiuiitn, and that on
a a. a a o
wnico our wrtoi poimeal ststrnt fls
peuds. It adiotinaeiit conaiilulaii ilia
great difficulty ia lurming ib conttitu
tio. Th Orinciula on whirb it waa 6.
nally iffecied was thai. whld eonces-
. . a a a .
tion tnoiiiu ot mtds 10 population, a pro
vision should b alto made, in auae
rurm, to preaerv th original equall y of
he a a ct in eiery drprtmeut of th to
teinmeni. Th pnui(l was easily
earned oat in roniitutiot lh Iegtlatire
a-aaaaaaa0aV--. aW a a m 1 1 TT ji, OV
th alatet ia one branch (ihe enai.) and
anu cjncauin( u population rs lull pre
ionderanr in th other. Dut the gri
and ddncuit laak of icdueing 11 ti p aciir
wis in ihetxeruma denrtaieni. ai tha
h-ad of whiib there ia but a tingle officer.
S treat was il. thai itnccumed tna a. ten.
tion of the convention, frta tiuc to time,
luring tha wholt seastnp, and was very
near cautipg a i.uure at latU It would
1uve b en ao e.tr tsk to emwiituta i'i.i
drpartmt-n, either on the princilaof lh
eousli r ol the staiea in iha enverameni.
- w a ,
or fiat of popuution. To combine tha
two, in 'the il-eiiun of a single officer.
w.a qui e a different affair, but however
difficult, it had in be performed at die
baxard f losing ft. constitution.
, Il B finallr acenmMuhed bv s-iviae
ti t'-S larftratalra neatly tha 41ms pis
pondera te in the elicioml c -liege, as
ther have in the llouae. and nihoam.ll
er. in the event l a ehoiee by the Uouar,
the taiie equal. ty ihey puiou in the
Sent-; thut lolluoinf cloely th snalogy
01 ma ijegiMain oepr mer.1. To mike
it as elo-e at potttble, it ws al first pro
poed to give ihe eventual choice to the
S.-naie. inte .d nf ilia' Him. h..i it ....
altered and the preaeni pruiil.;n. adopt
ed, fr reatoua which did not affect tie
principle. . .
It was biitered by the framers, ihe
pratiictl OLer.tinn il the nrot iimn wnul.l
be, thai the electoral college in which the
influence ol tlie larger eutte piennnder
aa -
changed, -yoa bjw aland whei ye ihe
did, in th puier and better days of tb
piny, I waa la firor of it then, as I am
nw, not beeauae I consider ih resolu
tions aa perfect, ibeoretic.lly, as th ex
l . - .... a
rWUett a! lia adoift-uja
Ute to ttlj f.ai trf.-. A Uft, j
'! too fa r Bb4 to ptott uui
Tier sar 1 a g.. at 4 Cr.. J
rt lj 8 rty ia rratti
I rfo aot ftl at) lf railed tpo J
bow il caa be d.o. or br w Lot tttm'L
tl rtlt iv jpaity tferjth of iLa irt,,?
it tt.Vta ehta b oVwiaaiattf. "
th beat woald bo their re'atii il Jt
iacarsaatihete. Uljtir-':
lh p'incipV, I added tk liasi ato fj
tie sak if a-tartey, aad to tU
lopttfirv'y tb riy b trfltHtU
ou. a ura n is e rri at. I e ao m.
tkla la iLe piojx sd rat eaua b. nutt
it , -. , - .
- Bat. ia older to na'ias bv ft,
teauoa will operate, it will U Mef.,
to tk tl eoavbiaed tff.ete of ik. .
jectioBi wbicb I bat aa4. ' Ttaa
twtd, it wdl be fofid that a
tioa a eatiitied. .ftads ints stik'y to
reairakxaiioa eeatrsJtx.;a of tha ,
ir. over the Piv-ideatial lrtia io tk
kad of a few f tL cenUal. t ui
at firai. aad fiaill ia 1 o!i J. '
offic blder si d otSre tler: ot io ..!
r-eis it diffeteitir. 10 tht rwitu. ai .
comreuhitr. who lite, or nwri t...
oa iU fJoterooaeai. ia ciraditiBrito
I th great aaatf, who eipeel t lit
tbeii aieaa or their kaest ir dutin ; aJ
wooaaiiara in liveroet, and 10.
liiically speikirg, rnj4.baucally tt wf
pi. '
That taeh weld be tbe rare any
aferred front th fact that it would afl
th mean to Mate six or sevra States It.
iflg rootig onus and not far from 1! cea.
tr of lh UaioB, to control ihe aooiaa
Uon, tud Ibrourh that ih ileet.na a.
roatsatraiifg their uniud on ia t'.a
roorealioa. ?Civb tl.eat tho r...... . r
doing so, and it wcwlJ not bm i dor
. t. a. a O a
"' "t y a don by roiabiaa.
uon, w ncrs u icapuiioa la ao great,
ill b sor er long to bo d..i.. T
coaibin and conquer is ao lest in as a
maxim, whei poner is roncernrd, th.n
to Divid and eonqner.H Katling
b.tt tstabliahed, than that th dr. in fMf
power raa bring togihcr and Baits the
mot ditrordant maietials. '
Hut th tendency to centralization will
. -. O a al OOaa
001 aip inerr. , 1 ne appointment of d.
l.ting prn visions of th conlilulion, but Irgalra eo-mayse by Slat t'oiivcntionn,
becsuta I bel'wv it would, in practice, would tend, at tho same time and even
more cer ainly accomplish what the fra- with greaiorjoree, to ceuindixe thi con
mera of th constitution inttaded. Bmjtrol uuhe hands of th few, who mak
wbil ih protitioa stands aa it does, 1 ( polit e a Uade. Th lanher th Con
woald regard atysalf as I ttt short of a j ention is removed from the people, the
traitor to that eacred inibamcat, should 1 more certainly th control over It will be
giv my auent, dtieedy or inJirredr, tl placed in the bands of tlte interested few.
any practice which woulJ bav ih tfftei and when remoed three our four dcfrees.
or divealmg th smaller states of ih due aa has been shown it will be, where ihe
weight wM-h it secures to thtm i ib appointment ia by Slate Conventions,
Presidential tier tion whether designed or the power of the people will cease, and
ant. Andhtrelet at add. -that aa nkiir.! tha aeak-r. nf t'.M,,!;.. r..... - :!i 1
4 . - .Mw,V IHVI W Iftt lf-
tiunabl as 1 think a congresinn. caucus, come ropreme. At that alage, an active,
for nominaing a Ptetident, it is in my o- trained and combined erupt will he fornj-
:. . .;i'..r. . : . . : . . r . y"j wnoie nine and
...onu prnpostu. ine i..ro.r ha. I attention will be directed to polities. It
indeed many lli.ngs ta reeon.mrnd it. I will Utheiraolehj-s. nlo their hands
members, constating of Senators and Kep.' the appointment Scatea in all the
retort u-es. were ihe immed.attorf ana of aUgea will fall, aV-V will Uke special
ihe Stat L-gi.l.t.,r s. 01 the people; w. re care that 4non but themselves or their
irtpouaibl 10 them trsptettvtly, nd humble and obedient dependants shall be
war for th most part, of high character,; appointed. The central and atate con
standing and lalents. Tiy ,0ied prr, teuiions will be filled by the roost ei
caiMtt. and whvt ia verr imnmiini tt.a n...! 1 : ' 1 .
. . , . , , . . r ' rw cunninz, anu, alter nomi-
rep-eaented fairly the relative strength of nating the President, ihey will take good
their resp-eiiv it. tea. Ia all lha.a !..-. 1- Ai.iA .1. -..-I
poitanl oar leuhra. it an ail thai n.nl.l .-. k-.k r .1.. j .1 . ... .
: , . . . . . "-, i vi 1110 encnii ana ino otaie
be deaired for a nom.i.Bittig b-nly, and Governments, among themselves and
formed a striking eontraal H ihe proposed ' their dcpendanU. but why' say will?
contention; and yet. it eoald not h, b .rne Is it n,ot ALaxaor Tiia case! Have ihcre
PmP t " rurf,f V ol ' not hetn ro"y iMwncea of state conven
tliS KetiUbliC. I. actine with fJen. J.i-k. tim k.;-. .:n..i 1. n-.. 1 ,
1 . -;. , " . - nn u viiicr-iiouirrs anu
so and most of t ie le.ders of ths piy office seekers, who. after making the no-
at l'ia nm. ,.iIik..t.Il .. n... : a ' . ...... .
. : , '".'. ""wn minatton, iiare divided the ofhees in the
b eauie we believed it 10 b. li.tl u be j State among themacl. es and their partP
a. ted on and influenced by the patronage sans, and joined in recommending to ihe
ot the govern, ni-an ohj.ci.r.n fr more j candidate whom they had juxt nominated
applicable to a contention e wt-lut-d as to appoint them to the offices to which
tne o..e proposed, iha.it . a oi.g.eM..nl they have been rcspccticly allotted. If
caucus Far, however, waa h f.om my such be the case 111 the infancy of ihe
intention, in aiding to put thai .loan, to arstem, it must end, if such conventions
subitum m ,t. pUc whsi I iesr I as an eh Mtld become the estahlished ussge. in
hundred times more ohjecionable in t I the President' Dominating Ids sncceiror;
y poitfol view. ladt!aif there must Whenjtcomes t.i that, it wtllnotbelong
be an lutermediauboilj between tha ,.eo- before the sword will take the place of
pie and the election. ur.knnwn lo the con- the Constitution,
i.tuiion, it may be well questioned I Such are mr o'bjVctions to the mod in
whe.her . better than th old 1 Un of a which lite proposed Convention is to be
eor.gressh.ns I caucus ran b devi.ed. j consiiluted, xnd my reasons for entertain-'
In .taking the ground I hae, io favor of. jg them. They are such, that I cannot
111 II aft tft 1 .1 . a. al ll.a a a I. a I . . il I a
ales would nu.i....a a.,.l .h t . .. M i T i ' " " ",Ba:i re,,,,e ta obe7 t,,e,n thotit. renouncing
les, would nou,i..e. and that the Houe er states br the comprnmise of th eon-! the principle which I hat e often avow ed
vot.ogby ..a es. wbe.e iher eqti-liiy , t.itution. I am art.,, ted bv n nj.i,..B s Lux :? f!-!:!1- tlT'..
wiih a tarern-ksopar ar two, and a man Iyer capita. Their course would necjssait-
Woo had lattlr kilted another, a. rh il.a! lr ove.reula lk,i aukk U . .
jury of loqqett bad aojndged w.Hol muri supportr d, should you go into Convention.
der, all armed WMb font, pistols and
swofdi,d rod tb Babbits night,
the aVrttnrs of 40 sailes, aid ttok one tfi
the rioters prinnr by rinu 4 wairat's
ad sls'i aauffiH ianoreat pets- n wit tout
any precept at all. by reason nt r rerepi
could baobtitmaVaajeaa. no ehtra wa,
Bnr eould be proven agiian turn, though
hy kadfliade all th search o J inquiry
they acre eaaabl of
waa hinted before, he waa allowed 10 .
and would leave yon no alternative, but 10
yield yours andadopttheirs.howevermuch
rou mar be onroeiI trl itnn nr!niinla nr
to meet them on the most unequal terms.
wnn aiviuea, against united and concen
trated forces. '
The qnestion then IS. what innrea. tin.
der such circumstances, ah.ml I k 9.l,.-.
tedl And tha nilPatmn trr.it aav.lt kA ...
i -j,-v.,.,P1 j,ru aia ve vuiii-
petted speedilr to dciile. Th' n.r
ptoach of the time for meelinj-of the pro-'
Ti t.,!Vtb0, Ut lh -w,"er P'P"' U,t- Powd Co,1,t2on Will not admit of much
i. a. Bull at. . I ltnM.. Jt m .
. . ."..jjor uciaj, umas your course may
. . . ! m M T?f 'ht iflhw!',ePenl n degree on that which I
t-t, mil crerr man kutw who
I . , T aaai UM W 11 1 W
''ho was a tr joined into th BegulaKon.
vj iftsoa It w all ths tpie of conrerae
Thia new aura, i.istea'l of nn-b.' wat na-
pmairv, aerating t iha iiaiure of Ilia bu4-
- , - " " . aao a UUv BA IIIC
relation subsisting betteen us,' to make
ta I It A l-aMaaaMa . I .at
.... uuwi y0tt wuaout laiiher dc
Ur .
ft then, after the most careful and de-
nentled nn the adiirion of the othpe.
- - y - . a
ther could possi'dy te adopted alone.
The two were tfen result of compromise
b it ween the 1 irjt-r ami smaller Statei, af
ter a lonjr and'dvtihtrul struglo. which
threatened ihe loss of the Constitution
jtself. " The object of Bit-in to the small-
a3. . . . . . S. a . a .
cr oies an equality win lite larger, in
toe eventual ciiotre ny the JJouse, was
to roun erpoise the preponderance of the
largdrlti the r Ice 'oral college.' Without
this, the rmaller would have voed a; iinst
the whole provision, and its rejection
would have been ihe consequence. Ev.
en as ii s anils', Delaware voiedains if.
In cotifinnatioa nf wha I sta:e, 1 reier to
Mr. Madison's rcnon on tho nr, eppii;
of ihe Conven Ion. '
llain tati wat I mean bv tho .
ecun.it will require but a few ..words
loexpam my icasunt fr the pi ine plea
I hat lod down. Tiiev ar r.a. ..J
simple, and real , nqthe rrninid, that the
iiommati.in is in realoy ih election if
concurred in, as far as the parly is cnn.
cerneii 11 it so intended to be. Tha
rreaerteu, would elect who should be iha
President. To git it that operation in
practice, th pruririon. as it orieiea I
str,iKl in the constitution, was that each
Muetur should to e for two individuals,
without tiiseriminaiing wtucb should be
Preeideni. or Vie President, sud if no
one hd a niitj riiy of ih whole votes,
then not of iha fit hijhf si il.e Uoute ti
ling by st. te. should elect one, and iha
pernB n i elected, having th highest
number of vutes. should be the Vic Pre-
idem. It has been tim e .liril. a tt.t '
the eleriors ihould designate which ahoald
be President, and which V Pc.i.kni
and the srhction of Ihe liou wsa limit
ed to tbo three higheat. It it manileet.
that if f it nrovinon of ihe rnnauioimo
hud been left to operate by it-lf. without
oe uiieivenuon ol caucuaea. ne n.rtu
ennirmions between the people tnd the
a.t . . ! . 1 .1 :
ciruin.n, inn t practical operation
would have been such as 1 hae sUled,
a... .!... 1 . a " 1 a.
anu .urn a waa cieartv iniendtd by ihe
frainera of the cons tint lion.
The ohi'ert intended ia imnnn.nt Ti
iimrrvaiion t l l ie relitiia ta. .i .r ,ka
y at wa aatu
tat's, as extablnhed by the eonstttuiinn
; 1 a . a .
m a.i in uepa imfl iti, u necersirr to th
success snd diirati m of our av.tem f
j "
fovemmen; but it mar be doubted.
Iielher the orovisian aJumail m (T- .1
in the executive department, is not to
termed lor the s'Mnc. a..d I mav a.td
forrupi passious, wUKh, Ii Pre.iderH.I
- - -; , ikiuiic ana private, and which nave
feeling or deiue to eoneiltaU their go id euided me ihiouh tho l..,la rour, of
opinion. (fiheeae was reversed, and mv public life. .
ft nuliis of the larger; instead of the) In cominj to tlus conclunon, I have
imar wcm invaded. I would, wiihqnaljoot pafsed over, wirttntit Careful fxami-
read nets and firmness stand up in their nation, ihe reasons assigned bv its dvo- .
defence. I in th . partisan ol neit',er; cates for con$tilu ing the Convention as
oiie, nor the other, bui supply a auppmtr ihey propose. They have not diminisb
of 11 e eo..tiiiUt,,n. and wh.t I believe to ed the fvrce of my objections. I propose
be jost arjd fair. I re-aid the eonU i.t on. to n.rfire rhe m.-at prominent.
a tit y k of sale.ty for al ; and I be- Ttut which they li?v8 urged wkh the
iiaa that in defending it. I daieodt'ie in- greatest confidence, i-, that enrh Slate
iere.t and safety t.f raclt and all ,hs . ),., a rigiit to appoint Drlpcates as she
gre.M as welt at the smdler lbs sutea) please. I meet H, by utterly denying
. ...... uie rig.ua 01 omen, ss wWi ss;that there is any such right. Thai each
the slates whose rights ar tna led. i otnua h.. tha r;..iii i niA.i.a.. in
the slates whose rights are inhaled
I hava laid doa he principle on which
I real ihe ol jc;in in que-tion, wiih th
limit. ti-n, ti.al tha relaii weiahiof th.
states ahoij.l be niainftinrd. making due
allowance r tlie relative party strengh.
1 ne propriety ul tlte liinita'iun is so sp
paieut, t;it but a lew words, in i!lutra
tion. will be n quired. The convention
is a party contention, and prt.less. tlly in
tended to lake the sen id the patty,
which esnnot be done fai ly, if ataies
baring but little partr atreoff'h art out oi
an equality with thote which have much
If thai wer don, lh rer-ull might be.
thai a small portion of th partr from
a'at'S tbe bait Sound, nubtiea I e. ai.il
which could git but little tunuort in eon-
great, mghi teleet the raudidate, and
'Oak the Preside n. tuainal a aral ma.
j'tr'tj of P. soun 'sit. anij M0 WM)(a ,ie
af " fj ,
(5i.le has the right to act aa it pleases, in
whatever relates to itself exclusively, no
one will deny; but it is a perfectly novel
doctrine, that sny Stato has such a right
when she conies to act in concert with
others in reference to what concerns tlie
tvli..!a In ..... U . a..iinet
j dictate of common sense, tliat whatever af-
rerts the whole should be regulated ny
ihe mutual consent ol a'l, and not hy ,,e
tliscretinit ,of each.TItat the appoint
ment of Delegates to the proposed C011
vention is a case of this tleerription, I
trust I have conclusively shown. I have,
I al. trust, shown more; that the stippo"
ed rijrht is perfectly dereplive. for.wl"
il claims or each uite the tight I nP
point Uelegntea as it pleases, it re""
ly gives the larger Mates ihe right to dic
tate how the others shall appoint. tof
psamj)c, ths Cmoiie Stale, as it U callvd,
a