I
n - J ili i t i . ? If
r y : ; 'A ,yi
(3 vvy
ago-.,, . mr
May vw rick nit,
Einhmot, turtura Irttrf UrWap neo
(Tcr every land."
A TIEGLMA C0I3TET EEslDE.VCE.
As agreeable turret pondeat of the Eaa
IM. Pa- Whig, II. 1). It!. Esq.l in tha
rumeofa recent tour ta the VVIier ef
. ft . .
Shensnjoan, girrs me luaovior. account
of the fine residence and farm ef Virp.
ti planter: ,
Yiactsu Fatxixo CoL Tale?, who
i admi'ted l be out of the beet farmer
U Xirthera Virginia, hit about 2C0 acrrt
la hi plantation, ef which about 900 i
a If r euliif ati.in, and which ia wholly or
rounled by a solid lirur stone fence aix
aaile in length, and varying from 4 to 0
fret in height, tie harvest thia mioo
acre nf wheat, which, aoteiih-
landing the severe drmitht, ha expect
ill yielJ hia about 12,000 bushel. One
it rtreek ia looking over hie field to see
Ibe f ee all are from other (rain and
weed. I akrd him how u wa that ia
a fie IJ of 1 00 acre of moat excellent w heat,
aot a epear of rye was visible. He said
it aa owinf to the great care be took in
clcanain hie seed wheat; that if twice
cleaning did aot suffice, be had it cieaneJ
again and again until it wae free from im
proper aeed. The editor of Tht VaJ.
Uy Farmer' that tleemb e. ia a late edi
tori!, the proeese of cultiratioo punned
bjrCol.Tu!ejr: , , , ;
MIa the culiiration of bia farm. Col
T. purauee what i called tht fire rear
.y.r, t i ,, . t
iiuivjBtciu, sum as iuiiwws; in usee
the aod ia the month of Angust or early !
ia September. From tht &th to the 13.h
of October, he eowe a bualiel and a half
to the acre, and harrow it ia. After
the wheat ie cut, tht field lie and be
come covered with a thick and atrone
growth of ragweed. Ia the following
pring he turn up with a plough, and
plants in corn before the middle of Ant it.
m com ia pianiea tour icct apart earn
war, aad eight or ten xernela in a hill.
The cuhitaiioQ i principally done with
t plough, beginning aa the corn i fairly
up, and ploughing it both waye about
four time in the eeaaon. At tht ecoud
ploughing the hoe follow, and the corn
i thinned to two ttalk in the hill. The
hoe i seldom need but once, and the eern
U hilled n. more than the plough will do
H, When ihe rorn ie ao ripe that it will
matare in the stock, it is cut, and the land
pot into wheav Sometimes he eowe oa
the seed and ploughs it in; sometimes La
fint ploarhe, and then sows aad harrows
ia the serd; being goverotd by the ground.
After tht wheat ia sown, the field i seed
ed is clorer. After the wheat it harrest
ed, nothing is permitted to go upon tht
land to disturb the young clover. The
eld then liee two years in clover, when
heat again follows. In the spring of
each year, half a bushel to an acre, of pla
ter, ia aowa on tht clover, and heavy
crop of graae are in this way ecured.
In the courte of farminir. ht once rsued
from two acres of land eighty bushel of
wneat: from a field or aixtr acre, he
tveraged more than thirty-one buahel to
die acre. lie conaidere the clon r, and
tli piaster, a the principal meana of im
Paving the anil, yet he ie very careful to
allow no manure to be wasted. On the
contrary, he make large quantities of it
annually, which he appliea to the higheit
P"Uof hi fieid. turning it under with
lt plongh, which ht prefer to tiling it
top dreoing."
The h&rvet had commenced the day
Wore we arrived, and it waa a pleasant
"(hi to look upon. Six or eight eradeler
ent ahead. They were followed bv ae
nuny rakers, they by aa many binder,
Mle another group finiilied all up. Be
li'les this crop the Colonel ha about 200
arre in corn, and other summer crop in
Proportion. II it sheep and rattle are the
but breeds, and in hi herd are several
ooffalow cow.
7Ae Park Of er 20 fallow deer and
number of elk eport in hie park. The
ay dawn i ushered in by the aweet
Carol ine; of feathered ongter thai have
Jo uread of roan, for no gun ia allowed to
b hot on the premises. The conae
quence ialhat the bird make their home
linn reach of tht very window, and
thus tweet dreams are made atill sweeter
J the delightful music that accompanies
"era, and which, mingling with the bright
"ions of fancy as you lie half sleeping.
a'i waking, make you almost wonder as
you open your eyes, whether you are not
!! relon ,0 gloriously de'scribed by
"w Extern fabulite. In the woods, too.
'ne squirrel chirps in the tree above you,
"I gambol from bough to bough to at
"J, attention, not knowing man to be
. re. Another great advantage of this
peneficial rule is, that tht treea and plants
it j" neix,lborl,ooJ are pre8 rvcJ uni,
Jfd by ihoae destr active insects that a: t
a field two year in rioter, and tarn om'taf nd bending beneath the weirht of
doiisf ew BiBcb $tH to Severe, frail aaj
ffaia thmerhoGt the bad.
Tie CaWmctjarea. to lh t!ea-
it . um wiooi iuj fcu fan
aad auhen jardea, t oatainis; aboutthree
mrrwiura ij a i.ipU brkk ad
Un aa.arid Ued with thefiaeetkiada
fni,u, " eretoUee. Ia it are fonad
orer a Cozen arieiiea rtr.k..
fhoi raapberrjr aad other bearinr
" cmruea booaerteee
peat ronreaienft ia the ealiieaiioa f a
irouod, and fmheria. it tlie preaereatioa
of iu pr-Klorta. The baaeaeat ie fitted
to ekire awaj tht winter vegetable; the
u""r "OMia ana teepe from teimj
froa the weather tht f n!ea tocla aad
BJDieinenu. wftaa abort ia a eapaciotta
and weU arranged pijeon hoate. Beta!
thoosb raucb atteatioa. aa ie aea, baa
beea fitea to the awfuU the onuiaeBUl,
whicb trade to anfien and raiataterto the
Itadlter feelinee, reeeivea aleo thefoater
tnf rare of the Celoael and hie faacinatini
-
The Green House. TltJ
tifu! flower that Una tht many walk of
',0 F""re froorui and art ia erepereed
ihroofhoot thero, a finerjeea hoa tvin
eee the jreat taite for the beautiful that
prerade the owner. Ia relation to it
we editor or the Valler Farmer thoe
write:
. . Ia the Green Lou rmIm,! .
large eollecuoa f exotica, the fragrance
tf which, when lh folding door were
thrown open, emitted an odour throegh tht
ivoina. uiai remioued aa of Ibote etrange
romantic talee which loeera deteant ao
roaca aoout, aad which nine tenth of
uwm ae?er realize erea ia their dreamy
imagination. Col. Tuley ahowed aa
many rare epectmena of ib roa. tK
honeysuckle, the Magnolia, the Rote of
onaron ana the ly of the Valley, eo
beautifutlf mentioned ia Scripture, and the
n.tf ! a.t . w
vuunisn oi me Nile, auch aa formed the
ark of infant Moe. There we alo
foond the Orange and Lemon tree bloiom-
aa a -
the luxariant fruiu There are many more
rare plant which we ahould like to take
notice of, but aa we muat bring our re
mark to a clone on ihie eubject, we woold
merely mention here, aa in place, the moat
beautiful flower bloomine in this it
collection, i the amiling, laagb-loting n
called wine-A0e." .
We observed in it the fineit snimM
vf trie wax plant wa have ever eea a
perfect earirtity, covering half of one of
the euies or the green bouse, filled with
clusters of those delicate flowers. -
. Ji-i -n -ii .. jl ....
Tmn the American Faraatr.
RESI SCITATION ar WORN OUT LAXD.
Four yeara ago two gentlemen of this ci
ty bought each a ten acre lot, adjoining
each other, .on the road leading through
the Canton property to Patapsco neck. At
the time of the purchase, these lota were
the very picture of poverty personified,
slightly covered with sedge grass of a stun
ted growth. Some year previous we had
aeea them ia corn, with stalks not higher
.than four or five feet, about the thickness
of a man's thumb. As to ears of com, there
were none of nubbins even, the product
was scarcely worth gathering. The first
spring after these lots came into the pos
session of their present owners, they each
ploughed his respective lot as deep aa
strong double horse teama and good
plougha could plough it, then put on 30
double horse cart loads to the acre, of com
post formed of street dirt and stable ma
nure, then cross-ploughed the manure in
some four inches deep, spread a hundred
bushels of soan boilers ashes to the
acre, broadcast; harrowed and rolled their
ground, listed it 4 feet by 2, and planted
it in rorn, putting a hand full of plaster and
ashes on each hill. The product of good
long eared sound corn, waa 80 bushels to
the acre of shelled corn. The cultivation
of the corn, after the first ploughing, was
with the cultivator and hoe, the object of
the proprietors being to maintain a flat sur
face, with the view of seeding the lots
down in grass. In August, after the corn
had been laid by, the harrow was passed
through the rows, and a peck of timothy
seed and 8 lbs. clover seed, sown upon
each acre, which was harrowed in with a
light harrow. The grass seed took well,
and has produced ftom two and a half to
three tons of excellent hay to the acre last
year and the year belore. We saw these
lota a few weeka since, and from their lux
uriant appearance, we should judge, that
their yield, of the present, will be equal to
that of the two preceding years. In look
ing at them it appeared a marvel to us,
where they would find space to cure the
hay after. they should cut the grass, so
heavy and luxuriant was the stand of plants
we aaw growing on it To enable the un
initiated to understand what is meant by
soap boilers ashes, we will remark that
they are spcut ashes, and generally con
tain about two-fifths of lime iu their com
position; so that he who uses them, both
ashes and limes his land at one and the
same time. -
A great horror is generally entertained
at buying . worn-out landsand, jndeed,
where means and plenty of money are not
at hand to improve them, this horror is ve
ry justly entertained; for no melioration
can be produced until you restore to the
soil the elements of fertility of which it
: 1,111111 11111 .-...::- -- . - i o. i a ?.
IT'lT rtta Vaa. J- - J t . e .
odba.Wogoitl.e;
8UGT tha prener kind of manut
iciw
BW7
preper kind f
plenty of a. to mtort to wondl rT
reatorirg bade, once good, after
batrV4r
inpoteruhed b .
t .1 "T TI . . , no-
owner. of chbnd.to exert .1
r",netu to accumnbte m
'J ow inuurrmenu to the
or ' . .' .. "II , ...
mccai,BlB,le, of egeuble, animal
aa mineral BtnamiiH ir.i t.
wilH ailing certdDty, to the propriety of.
these lots, unaided by manure, would
have brought more than IS bn.heb of
corn to the acre, and ret we see their
poverty stneken soils broophtun. In a n.'
TrT:t0 carcit7 ot
bushels, being over five times that quanti.
ij, ana continuing tfteir fertility for four
years in succession, with every prospect
. iwrvugn rcawrauon uaving been eF -
fee ted.
THE GOLDEN CLASP;
OR, T1IE PERJURED GOLDSMITH.
at raaraaMB i. a. i .
PART L
A modest and exceedingly pretty yeurg
girl, plainly at irrrf, catered oi e of thai
goldaittie torts on- street, aad
seeing that a tentleiatn watrngared with
the proprietor, the timidly ahmnk asida
near the d..or until he should be at leis
ure. The as.Wtsnts were also occupied
iih customer whose dress and appear
ance cnowed them to belong to the clasa
of tht rieh, aod so h wa offered to
remain lor aome time atanding there be
fore she eould be attended ie. The rn-
ilemsn, who waa a fine, noble tonkins;
(nmn Miui m tcinajtaDiJ pou-ueo aa
dre, seeing her waiting, coorteoatly
stood aside, snd said to the goldsmi h
"Do not cccopy yourself wnkmenow,
Mr. Broochsrtf. I can examine these
watches by myself white you set wbst
this young person wsols, who has been
waitipg so li ng and patiently, to get an
opportunity of addiesing Ton.'
What dj 5 on wish. Mies!" asked
the goldsmith, with a look which con
ed a reproof to her for iateiruptipg him
hilt engaged with customs! ol more
?alue to him. -
The girl hesitatingly approached the
eoonicr, and taking Irom her bosom a
mail gold clasp, beat over to him, and
said ia a low, utmtling voice
"I wish, sir, yea would be so kind as
to keep this a few days and let ne bava
sten dollar on it."
Low as she spoke, ber soft trembling
tones resehed the tar of Col. Mellenry,
the gentleman who wa present, and he
turned to obere her face, and hear tha
reply of the goldmi;b to ihe timid and
painfully uttered request. The goldsmith
took the clasp scornfully between bia fin
gers, and then throwing it down, said
sharply to her -
'This is n pawn broker's shop, girl;
and if it was, that thing is not worth two
dollars."
It is of inestimable value to tne, sir
indeed, it is the only thing valuable
that I have, answered she, earnestly,
snd her cheek slightly flushed at tha rude
manner ef hi reply.
I don't know what you may value it
at," be anawered. with a ecld laugh,
glancing at Col. Mellenry. whom he saw
sevrrely observing him; I would not like
to give yoo six shillings for it. .
But, sir," 1 lead the girl, unconscious
of being oreiheard. " I mutf have seven
dollars to-day, and I have no other way
of getting h, and I was in hopes, sir, that
you might let me have that sura on v; for
I will certainly come back and take it up
again."
I tell you answered Mr. Broorhard
angrily, "I keep no pawn broker's shop.
Go to the Jews!"
They won't girt me but two dollars,
sir. and I want sen." ' '.
A nd o you think to get it out of me!"
The young giil wa about to speak a
sain, butaa if not knowing what further
argument to utge, hesitated, and was turn
ing alowly away, when she checked her
self and again apoke to him
'Sir," she said, in a low, thrilling
voice of earnest entreaty, my mother ie
lying very ill, and our rent ia due at twelve
o'clock to-day, and the person we sew (or
having disappointed us in our pay, 1 have
no other resource but this. - Oh, air, will : in inur deer-tkin coverings, ana preerv
vou take, thi clasp, only for a few days, M and ignorance. At length Col.
'and I will repay you?" ' Mellmry apoke.
Mr. Broochard felt that Col. Mdbn- ." That young person laid her clasp on
fV- -i.
ry's eyes were anon him, waiting an an
swer, and as lit wished him to think him ,
a roan of buMnesa, "(which nieaut in bia ,
riVT.
.
. . " w
y ".usk wa art ivntrton Ler ta
J ! 1.'
" w avaw
aa l aaaei - - - ...
i '" ' "P "f t
wtlBW:itfeat!oiIia
... -. j i .
"? "
b,Vei 7SIS
a, pral the tSLmli ia
ety bad foe hi
h., wib eWti.,.. ol content foe ih.
.. . , . . '
Her baud wae .
the other.
bis ina. ZZlSi fc 'pV
l,er beart. snd breugt.t "tht tTbrr
Mi.n....i. ...k.'t. .
rf.h.i. ..i
MYe. f-r. I d not h.v. brea so
Md and u.rei t but -
' - Nne too nacb so. There ia a tea
d.dl.r a-u I hae no set.Uer bills."
.Aad he placed it ia hr h.i.d.
Sir, on are tow kind"
Not a word. 1 am bappr to do yon
a sertsre. : " -
Take the elap, ait; though I am a
named to efi- r it to you, inc the gen
uVasa ' it i so v.lueles. But to me
it is valuable as lite.and I foolishly thought
it most be so to ethers."
" I do hot asm it. eh l t. snsa-sred Col.
Mrllrniy, feelingly funinf the band a
eide hifh urged it tp- n Mm.
Indesd, sir, yoo tuu-t uke it, for I
shall fet 1 in some degree less under cbl
gttiea to a stranger. Besides, I wish to
eall aad redeem i. Wilt you give ms
your adJret. sii!" and a the spoke, he
still declm ng the jewel, she laid it on tht
show-cue. ,-
Uh, no matter bnt if yon insist
the United StaUf floiel." '
. ;'",. fvu, t'ti J iu can m... a.- .-
the blessings to others that' will follow
yoor kindness to me to-day." Thus
speaking and looking upon him w-th an
expresrion of gratitude in her teaiful erea,
she left theshop.forgettingtbegnlden clasp
ahich she had let, upon the show ease.
Will yon look at one of these watch
es now, Cd. Mellenry!' superri!iooly
asked the goldsmith, without If.ing his
condemned eyes.
No, sir," answered the gentleman
sternly. ; And Ukirg his ghms snd cane
from ihe ahep of the avaririous goldsmith,
who, too close to risk a trifle to relieve
tht want of a poor family, probably lost
a larger amount by tht purchases bis
wealthy customer might bate made, as
well as hit owe. elf-respect, such as it
waa; for avarice always shrinks into iu
shell before the broad sun of benevolence.
Now there goes a man who throws
away money upon vagrants, becaute I
keep mine" to support my family," said
the goldsmith, looking after him. He
thinks me a miser, and I think him a fool.
Ob, here is that clasp after all I Sl.e led
it for him on the abow-case, and ha was
loo pioud to take it away, if be saw it.
Seven dollard It is not worth more than
fi.e!"
He opened it ss he spoke, snd taking
up a sharp instrument, tried the fineness
of the gold. .
It ie rood old Mexican cold. It
might have cost once twenty dollars.
Ah! wha, a star of diamonds within it!"
he exclaimed, as, in working about wi n
a point of ihe steel, he discovered a cat
ity. "Twelve large diamonds of the pur
(St water! This is indeed valuable L-t
me see they are woith at least fire bun
died dollars! What value to ak so much!
No, no, tht could not, either, tor she
would not havs let ii go for so small a sum.
or else asked ur nearer us value. I sua
pect she was ignorant of this eavity
which I detected only by accident; aha
has probably stolen it, and w ill never come
font. Ah, ah, Abraham Broochatd, thou
hast made a good morning s work of ill
he said exultmslr to himself.
Then looking around among his shop-
bovs. to see il he were unobserved, lie
carefully, yet with a eheerlesa air, lock
ed the clasp in bis private drawer, and la
king out the key, placed it in hi pocket.
He had hardly done so, when Col. Me
llenry reentered, and without speaking
or even looking at bim, cast his eyes
upoo the how-case (or the clasp, whicb
he recollected, after going out, the
young girl had lain down but did not
take up again, and so he turned bark
for i. Abraham Broochard wa very
j busily engaged in replxcing the watches
. - . . ,
ihe case, air, which I neglected to lake
up. It were a pity it ahould be lost,
b valued It o highly."
wetfwpt!ya6dtfmlf,K. D
"Tfce eUp! Ok. .LJ ms
tr. h took it ap gaia.M
Did you e keif
-Yee.ftl. Ihd ay eyeeoaber.
aad id at tie iiae.ye4 aeaitar
tea !!Lr ot ike c! g an.
Thegectleaxa eyed bta aleadjf a
aitaat, and tkea ibarinf reaad tkcakaw
raaa akio. aa if is utirk J Si t. - '
. w.M W V If II
PART n.
Setera! day tlapeed. aad CoL Melfra-
ry had qui a forgoitea tht cireamauaee
jt a ai rated, wbee, aa be wae pawieg
oowa Aten etreet, te fell bte electa eod
denfy paUd by aoase oat whoa be bad
1 beard reaaiae Wh.oJ b,. tli..
U M
U b
sees at the goldsambV.
-Viu, I in ae bsppy to bate
toBim yotj," be said, at enrs sddresing
bim, aa be stopped and with pleasure lis
tened to ber. -I was at length a ailed
to gtt m pay. and by other work bat
earned enough w repay yoa the ten dob
tare yea so kiadly gave me. Tea dat
know tht goad you did, sir lit eaffei
ing yoa relieved the tvd year lien ly aid
ateneil., Her is the asney, sir."
M Nay, ay good girt, I do aot want it
I made ) ou a present of it at the time and
did net ex peei tab to return it. 1 am.
boweer, glad to find yon have tht ditpc
anion to do aa, and its 1 waa not deceiv
ed in my eatimsuoa of yea,
Yoa mutt tk it, sir," she (aid with
ingenuous earnestness. I should be
distressed to be longer under pecuniary
nlliga ins to sa eotirt stranger. Be
sides, sir, I would Ike my clasp, if yon
pleas.."
. Did yea not take it from the ease
abeie you laid it down?" he asked, with
surprise and justly directed suspicion.
no, sir; indeed, eir, I bona it is
not lost. It is of countless value to me.
Ii given to me byby
By a a weetheail!" he added, milim
He is now dead, sir,' she answered
with ovei flowing eyes.
M I ou do well to Value it. I did not
lake it up. Are yon eure joo left it
there!"
Yes, air; hoping yoa would lake it and
keep it till I paid yuu."
' Well, my child, I bare not got it; but
I believe the goldsmith has. Let as go
On their arrival, Mr. Broochard de
nied ever having seen it since she went
out, snd thst he saw her take il with ber
and place it in ber bosom as she left the
shop. The young lady turned pale, and
was inconceivably distreaed. j
. Coma with me; I will find the clasp
for yoo," said Col. Mellenry, cfisiing
her his arm aod leaving the goldsmith's
witn ner, -,- . ., .
I do hope I ahall find it, sir," she said,
as they walked. "It wae Kupsn s lasi
dying gift. It wa given to him ia Cuba
by a rich lady whose life be bad ed
by rescuing her from the water. He was
anilor, eir, and bad little to leave me
but his memory, and my poorrlasp. Ob,
air, if ii ia loai I shall never forgive my
self for offering lo pledge it. But, sir,
our extremity wae very gie."
Col. Mellenry stopped with htr at a
justice office, snd briefly and clearly
made bis complaint, and in a very few
minutes Mr. Abraham Broochard was
brought by an officer into the presence of
the magistrate. He appeared to be in
great trepidation, aod was pale as ashes
for he had been auddenly taken with
out warning from behind his counter,
leaving his shop in charge of bis aston
ished assistants. Colonel Mellenry and
the young lady hating been sworn, de
posed that they both had seen the clasp
on the show-case, where each went out
and ! ft it, the former further deposing
that be had not gone three step from the
door before he returned and found it mis
sing, and no one in the vicinity but the
defendant.
The goldsmith was then called upon to
be aworn a to his knowledge ot lite
facts. He approached the stand, where
ihe magistrate held the Bible, and laid
his handa upon it with a psrceptible tre
mor of hie whole body; but lote of mo
ney was stronger than the fear of ibe
law, and be took the oath. It appeared
aa if he would have sunk through ihe
floor when he did it; but ihe moment it
wss done, he recovered his audacity. At
this moment, an officer, who, at the sug
gestion of Col. Mellenry, had been priv
ately despatched by the justice with a
search-warrant to the shop of the gold
smith, now entered and placed aomething
in the magistrate' band, after whisper
ing briefly to him.
, Did you ever see this gold ornament
befo'eT" asked the magistrate, holding
up the qjasp before ihe young girl.
Oh, it is my claen it is my claspl"
the rritd, springing forwaid.
i Yes it is the same," answered Col.
Mellenry.
" And did you ever see it before, sir!"
demanded the justice sternly, holding it
in the direction ol the goldsmith.
ho 1
had seen it at the first, and waa appalled cillis nostris; fiunt autem jure gentium, id
with fear and consternation. Instead of, est ex captivitate, aut jure civili, cum liber
replying, he uttered a wild hysterical1 homo major viginUannis ad preuurapartici
langh, and fell bis length in convulsions pandumsese venundaripassusest. Inser
upon the floor. Jvorum conditione nulla est differentia; in
He was a lw weeks afterwards Wk a
fram pruoa. and trwd aad coedeaird
for prrfuryt but bis reasoa forsk bias,
ad iautd ef the g !, be is now
rating ia a atad-bouse. Tkua wta eta
rice aad parsimony sad irdifTcrtsea ta
tr e stfTrriBf s f tbers asaUbrd ia thia
lfe, tb acts ef this seliSaa msa shewirg
a - (B a. a..
ms.i sear tct aequisiuteaeas wresrly
coveted is r-al to it potMtaor.
C4. Mclleary prated to be a bseke
Ur; and, ibotgk a Uilt tamed of ibirir,
kit bean was keraly alitt to all the finer
seasibihties if oat aaiare. He could
fetl for the de troddea poor, aad sym
pathise a ith the Bt-lortenate. f this
truth none ou!d mete positively attest
than tht young friesd ef tkt toldB
clasp. for era Iwa esoeas bad waned,
kt rejoiced ta the eephoaie tide of Mr:
Cl. Mellenry, surrounded with all the
spplianctof weal h that a grauful bean
I ke hers could etjoy or evsa desire. Her
poor added mother was well provided
for, when she sooa recovered ber health
aad happiness, and propeiiy amiUd up
oa alL
Piom tha Literary aad Etraacelira MagBaiiw.
kqnlry lst tic Znnlsg ef the Tori Douhi
U the Sew f filaarat. .
The relations of domestic servitude, aa
they exist in some parts of this country,
are exciting unusual attention and feeling.
It is the opinion of aome, and of the wri
ter of this article among them, that the sub
ject is incautiously treated, and that in
jury may result from the well intended ef
forts of xealous philanthropists. Faittcu
Iarly it ia thought that religion ia made by
many, in the present day, to bear with too
direct an influence on this extremely diffi
cult and delicate affair, and the object of
thia inquiry is to give eautiona and warn
ings, which appear to be greatly needed.
The term Dovloe, as it occur in the
New Testament, is often so translated as
to mislead persons not acquainted with the
original. The inquiry then, is, what does
it mean as used by the inspired writers!
I. It is placed in opposition to eleutht
rot. What then is the true sense of this
last word! By consulting the Greek Tes
tament, it clearly BDDCara that it ia used in
a civil aense to denote thiee particular con
ditions born free free by manumission
.Tafo&feiy
example of the first of these in Gal. iv. 22,
23, 30, 31, of the aeeond in 1 Cor. vu.
21, 22, and of the third in Matt xvii, 26.
The first two cases are sufficient for my
present purpose. If doubt is opposed to
eleuthtrot in the first instance, then it must
mean the oposite of Corn free, i. e. not
born free: if in the aeeond, it must mean,
not tnanumitttd. Now every person
knowa what ia the civil state of a person
not bom fret, er not emancipated, lit is
a slave.
2. The precise meaning and force of a
word used by a particular writer ia best
understood by ascertaining the way in .
wnich it was generally used by the peo
ple to whom he wrote, and among whom
he lived. And if that word describes the
civil condition of persons, the laws of
the state respecting those persons will
show exactly the meaning of the term in
question. To illustrate this subject, let
us suppose that a christian teacher, who
had spent a great part of his life in South
Carolina or Georgia, on being called to an
other region, should write letters of admo
nition and advice to the societies among
which he had lived and labored: and far
ther, that in these letters, he adverts, in
the use of common terms, to the relations
of domestic servitude; who for a moment
could doubt what meaning ought to be gi
ven to bis word! W ho, on reading the
laws of these states respecting persons of
this character, could hesitate as to their si
tuation! f
An inquiry then into the law of Greece
and Rome, and to the use of terms among
them expressing the actual condition oj
servants, will, if successful, perfectly de
cide the whole question. It is to be re
marked that the inquiry respects the eivU
condition of persons called doulot. The
word has, in the New Testament, mean
ings which do not apply to civil condition, .
and therefore are irrelevant. The only
question with us is, what idea had a Greek
or a Roman on hearing or seeing the word
d$ulo used in relation to domestic servi- s
hide! As to the Roman law, the point is
settled at once by referring to the Insti- .
tutes of Justinian. 1 he fallowing extracts
are sufficient for my purpose. l)t Jure
pertonarum, 'fit. iii. Summa itaque di
visio de jure rsonarum hcee est: quod
omnes homines, aut liberti sunt aut servi.
Etlibertas quidem (ex qua. etiam liberi
vocanter) est naturalia facultns ejus, quod
cuique facere libet, nisi quid ti aut jure -prohibetur.
Servitus auteni est constitution
juris gentium, qua quis dominio alieno con-
tia naturam aubjicitur. Servi autem ex oe
appellati sunt, quod imperatores captivos
vendere, ac per hoc servare, nee occidere ,
solent, qui etiam mancipia dicti sunt, eo -
ouod ab hostibus manu capiuntur. Sim
auteni nascuntur, aut fiunt nascuntur ex an-
1 ! -
.