t- ' ft
UNION. Til C CONSTITUTION A N I) THE Ll
ra fii i wnaaaaa
OH 11 MBEttTY. ,
r 1 t i2 17 .mm in $ o r
TiiiKou.iv. is:cdiuji::i
!o. IS67.
'J " "' ' - ' ,. ,. ,,L (, ,.,' ,,',.,..
'
V- . I a .
r tux
rrrit!rt of the T, Main,
to rue two fiat sr. or cotc&xsi.
IVofnArt 2, 19(3.
CoeuludrJ.
!wn bat rrrriiilr trf BaJr ,Jrilly ! 1 ,1,w,r proi!f,f I-ineie riiI.
artirl f j!, fMbUuf irtaty "? I,,l.r ' ol1' N j The nre.j.'i into the ue.
li e I'nii na rfu..i,lr. " "?rt-l iao the I'ri. inmytv ere $i3 7011.
the ti nt'i
ltfAi
li.e ra;.m Jiull .I.Muib ti ordrr
, f tin- rouutry. ot the aaij .
... j
.. .i. - ; i
y w -ie. ih cMfut. f ti. t.o? "";.r" . ,;rHC' w mrt,c,fl, '; T,'! m J'r,;e'1 rr".'a euMam' " C-ttr.. wv
a,bi.nt r. Hia MemJ I ro,y ff ' U. r"! mLlt'lTn
8rielm.iJ.e ff-ma ! rre.t .rIa to jiro ,bfr aC-
lh. e.rU 5hI...?.m ... i!.s U4ti.,u l,u ''iV ,,':n; !mj r;'w,h; rJ f ,Wj S3 T!K 1 !'e csi,rn !!' te f r a t.,..,i tU. .I !d I,
w.;!,-.t.l il,e i,.t,rlWr,,c of Uul aatWi-! i: ! ! '"""r. -.157 6 .-e. t er ar, l.J e.!J u, l!t. rUulJCil .k!
ir. ...,!m-- .....!. ..fi11 ! a M tlie la'xuiiun f ronn. i'e ravmnu t f t e n.l m? Hit. TIi r .i
. . . . j .mi. .o ij, h iiiL-i'. niri!iir nuu-r mat .1 inn. in n,i..i . (i r. u.11
Tiie rri i nwaiy at N w n-.!f.. , ,hi it. .!....- r . -i .-. n u.r mho lire ii July. U-i.r.eia U..y iu
t cirrv in'fl.ir.cta hnimi ma. e by i,, ,.i ....... ...i,..:,-.,,,, ' . ' . . , Vi,,'4 , ,f,,ra '.i-mU b im Sir..! a t . a f ie
W,r,f,r,:,the r,. tha, wilUj SW; ..i 'SiV- d '
eiK-et H tin artu-Ie of lh treatr. T in or anv ot'er ie .hill I,. a..!.i..-t .,,. ;'.. itJ. ' , .
terhfie.hc.ii?lainJofthUvi..Uti'n!f(ni,nji 'Bi of l, n avioe IJ ,,r I , u i t
i l the ire.iv. h I Ue a.ke.! the -orern-! IV f 1 ' . . ,,ePr'HM.n.ftf"! 8 e n iy- " p-"
incut he" ;,V,
a a iv ifiiiti .va bii.ti. sail 'iiiiiniiiinr a wu a '. i t a m a . n n .... . . ai .a . . . r
tjrrpary mfiire
viwl .ii.in hi ri' ifirr.
i:J.I f.;.K ...... ;
a" a a
ncceanary to cue cum w ineae irraiyou-
. : . . . . tf . . a. . - . t
M, 4 WI-iaflUner n-lltOlia Wim Wnom la:i..n ri. - Innllnn n I i I..... ! .
wo have i i.iljr irenv aiinulni. n rn. .i 7 i i J -; "--" "nr xvt ti VI n urev lfrt in wt 'das ea. lit tl.e proportion of V
o n.ie ai.mur treaty imu.-Hi n, i iIijI i nt)eJ ntvin iho urii.in .1 lnu u-.,o I i. . . .... . . i . ... .
q..ires. thit lhee h..oM be f.UhfV.lv o!-! .,f !., , .l I, " Jl l ,V . .. . """ ' u I le to or it. I o lt.a t ,
,rr,J. Ihae.lr.e.iie.litrf4n-r.thaf;r..r.. ... , 1 " ' .L" "? .iu me nt a-a noble M'Tt'de of a an a.lu.l b neSit In M,e cl.-a,
to lav th. .aWeet befV IWad I . ri.T; ...mI Mly mf le buhi, .f t.,e
ia alU LinJ,,!.,., L ml . 'rA:""? w" -y bb.f n...0. S,nr0 .!,.' yoiid their prop r ,on, ,
............ w... . . .. , it ui ui tTii r r.i. u i i t it innrp v-i it:, fa . . a t.
igation. of t eenu o:i!y p-r ra!l ni. I therefore
By tirfte of an arnn 'client mi-le be-' reeornTjcnd i.i rongria aiu-h legilaticn
tween the Spanish goernt)Ciit and that a may ba necessary to cowd tlie 4u
til the United Statea i i December 1831.1 equality.
American esel, aince the twenty-ninth Ti e l.ita Pre-i.lent in his ann'ial mes
of April, 1832. have been admitted to en- sse of IVcemher last, recommended nn
try in the ports of Spain, inc'udin; those appropriation to satisfy tlie cl iin i f the
ol the B dearie and t'anara islands, on' Texan (loreriiftent against the United
p-iyment of the aam? tonnage duty of fie Suies, which had been prewonly aJ-
a a . a a a .a "a . .
J5panun2 esel mJ tttU, 4neneror
rents per ton, at inougn tney nat ocen
vessel, arrived in Spain directly from
the Unitedutes, or indirectly from any
...
Other CO'inlrV, lien vJonzress, oy Hie
act of the 13 h of July, 1832. paie cf-l
f. -i i. thi arrantremeni between the two
governments thev confined ihe reduction iry into the c-tom house nt Bryarly'a
oftonnae duty'inertdy toSpani!i vessels, landing, on Ke.l t'ner, hy certain citizens
coming fiom a rt in ,nainf" leaving j of ihe United Stales, and taking away
the former discriminating duty lo remain therefrom the goods seized by ihe col
againM such vessels coming from a port i lector of th! custom a forfeited iin.ier
in any other eountrv. Il is m -nilestly un- the 1 1 ? of Texas. This was a liqtiid i-
iusL'Ih.'i ahi'st Ameri"it) Cf,els arrt-( ted debt, aseeaained to be due to lexas
. ':i ' . v ' ".i 1 I ...... ....
in? in the ports ol Spain iroiti oiuercoun- "i " i -un-v "ne- miouiu ub m
l-ief. ohrulJ bo subjected to heavy discri-1 tance of the terms . of annexation propos- j eessarv expei;
...inui n,r torn. iluties. This ii neither rd ty the United tM cs docs not discharge r as tnsy, undo
... l : : . . 1 in.- ii.t-i!n ttki nt'iiin 1 r.'i.nimiiAMtl . . I . ........I ,..
riiu iiuv nor rtu'inroc
. . , ,
nun nl the arrangement cor.clu.leJ in ne-,
eember. 1831. between the iw countries.
madiJ re-'
that this inequality he removed by Con-1
cres, and ti at the t'isciiminatiog luiie
. . . . I . -I .e
which have been levied umler Hie act M ,
' . '
the 13ii ol Julv, lS. on Spantso,
ity. 3UU III ,IMt"!,', lil.'iiwinv .11 iiiiif. i.vi-iiiiii.iiu ui . .rutin fi-
'I'l.A S-taiiisli oruverunieni have
neatcd and earnest .emonsiranccs gaml I m March last shortly arterwarda set out
iiiis ine-ioality, and the favorable attention ' " tlMted Mates sh.p
of Con-rcss has been several tim-s it.vok-; t '!".t...s. On arr.v.ng at R.o de Jane
ed to the subject by my predecessors. I j " on h.s passage, the state of h-s health
..........mi.n.lnoaetol i.iMice to Spain. ! "1 become so crru-al, that by ihc ad-
ti trie United State's from ! 05 n' voyage in the Coiilinhtts, and wasj tatioo if ay ijioti ni.le, and thereby J the opptesMve duties unpostdby inndtr
cmintrv be refunded. ! charjed by the commissioner iih the; c-en or de';roy the rev.nue which, tjihe operation of tbeso pnneiples ta. ge
'"ll oo does not embrace ! httv of exchanging with the proper au-j lower ra tjs, would le I'ciived from its f'om one per cei l 1 to mi re tl an two I u::
T ' "' :,. . ;,. ,i, ir.oiiMlS thoriiies the ratifications of the treaty late-' lmport tion. S n il duties exceed the reic-jdred per cei t. Tney -.-to proii b t iry on
vesseU coming
any oilier forci
'I his recommendation Joe
Spmi,!, vessels nrritin? m !
... r . 1 -I .,ri.fe leJiPii Wlllrll
aMftff BltfllB Mi'
.,, ... .. , . . ... ...;.,,... f"
will still remain subject to UieproMMon. 01
av., . -u.. .. . !
tonnajie dtitv on such esMis.
.1,.. r 1 -j.iii,. isai. concerning
By the net
1. a ,.i ii... i.i.irii.i'ni 1 ill jiin.t
. .1 I. ..r I.. I.. '
;iff :ii-t. ill 1 lu i.i... ... ..... - ' -i
pj., c ll.-c wus eM.ni u. .
1......11.. r Tin.. Yvomtitmit was unners.ii,
wiiliotii reference to the country where it
was pHuljeed, or the national character of,
the veel in al ich it was imported. Hy I
the taniV act of ihe thirtieth of August,
1812. this exempti'm from duty was re
stricted lo toffee i n ported in American
vessels fpin-j tha p'i;ca of its production;
whilst cofTec imported under allolltercir
emu 1 :inri' w.ii mihiectcd to a I"ly f
twenty per cent. . valorem. Under this
ait. n"i.l our ovkiimr treaty wit!i the King
of ihe Netherlands, Java Unffee tmpnrieu, is contrary, noweyer. u. ,n.
r . .. . r.i.. itiii.rtoni ev. to interfere in their controversies
iiiio ihu I nited States, whether wuico
or Aineri an vessels, now pays this rate
of duty. The government of ihe Nether
lands complain that such a discriminating
" duty should have been imposed on coffee,
the produc ion of one of lis colonies, and
which is chielly brought from Java to the
ports of that kingdom, and exported from
tiieiK-o to foreign countries. O.ir trade
with th - Netherlands is highly beneficial
to both countries, and our relations with
them have ever he. n of the most friendly
character. Under idl the circumstances
of the case, I recominuod thai this d-scri-iiiinatiim
should be abolishe I, an l th t
tne coflba of Java imported irom tlu
t4 nr.i other rowuiit. L V, Z ZZi.'.-lTZ' ,'7. T"' n
twee y;t ri.f.ih aa-ettaa f t). t.rIT
ijw UUfaBUrr j4IloaM,a,p0!iCjj
- ...... ........,,, urn
., uiuuit urrnif' . ...... a i-iiii'.re f fji'I,
X-I' impofrJ. 1 U, Jrrii 97.734 f.r!...f i:r r.rtf un:j iii n. ' .e
muo o fjf m teztdt& Port ..f rsrauU (or the an. vi-sr u. r. ,.f .1 .
Irtusa!,wudeemf4 ti-hti.Mi . f onr
ri:. i . " l" ty,; "
. "-r",
ar iiti-safi a n nrm b.b m a ... ir
iw po rrniMniru w fitPllf-re VI I aii.
ifBiy circuiir nnt fn- on i!.e tij.J
11 01 J. n ' ''" " lhj. Mn,,!r "
i'trrPI l Pllil I rllcX nil Iti lltft telitaiB lint.
-? a. in-
. i ,. u rril!ll P,,,.,.,,., sim i .,.. ,,v
justeu, so ur as the powers ol Hie execn-
i a - "--.. uiuiKiit i iimip. KriflBw:aiaa ITWIll liQa nm.n M . . a u a . II. ai
UTrrnu. i mrectnuu- anar imi Krijiene cbufhTy on "ra'n'CnHrrtrj Wnce
the act of di-arining a bot!y ol lexani
troops under tlie command of M.'jorj
o..:.t.. i... ... - it. :.. .i . . : . r
o;ni-iv, uv an mncrr in b rmi-c m
ihe Um'ed btaies. ailing under the or.'ers
of our Government: and the forcible en
i . :. . .
wia pr "iM.. oc- mane n.r i j.u.i .u.
The Cominis-ioner appointed to Clii-
ni during the special session of ihe Senate
v,(c "'
l
J ()l-tn
bin medical attendants, he return
ic United States early in the month
..( H,....U... I
"
I'nin. iliddle, command-
ingthel' i-t India Squadion, proceeded I
' ' J I .r ri i... !
IUIII I'ltliu uiu liii'i' " vrnnaii
Mnee l!ie retiiMi 01 tne commissioner 10 ;
,
. .1 ...
"i- ... ,
much improved, and he entertains the con-'
, .1 . ... .. -n ..., i ..1 1 ,, '
lltirill Ol lit I lli:il lie II. ruuil uc a 'ic "
1
..... 1
on his mission.
,!
tUlltoriUliaieiV Ullicrriii-o: luuuuui; i
exist among so.ne ol the nations oi South
Ameiira, which, following our example,
have establish. . I their independence, whde
;..Ml..r.i..trr.l.li.nionsnrevail. It is
natural that our svmpathies should he g"t amot.ni ol nv ney, ai d sll 'id
waru.lv enlisted Tor their we'fare; that we greater P-oUct.on. ll .1 he tl ll ra sed 10
should desire that all controversies he, iweotv. le.ay-nie or ihiny per cem..
tween them sh.uild he amicably adjusted. ' m I ' ' '.'
and their ttovern.nents adinintcr.tl in a from 11 is louud 1 1 be ii.Cf a.ed, the pro
'm...nnnr .o nm.rct the riffhts. and pro-' u ct.on or adv-iuH w .11 also be mereas-
.,or thA nrosnn.itv of their people. It
. . ... 1 .. 1
whetlier external or internal.
I have thus -i-i verted to all the subjects
connected with our foreign relations, to
which Ideem it necessary lo call your
vv men 1 UBt" J- ,
Power ol X Karth. While we are j,t
to all we rei" re that all shall be jst to
to all. we re-l"'re i .
us. Lxcepting the diueteiKes vvitli .viexi
co and ureal is. t in 1. - -
all ctvdized nat, on, are .
factory chancier It , .he d JJ ,
enlightened age, these did. rence.s may
a.n.caldy a.ljusied. . his1
anmnlinCoV
r :i 1 ii 1111 wins
seventeen m l k:b m lni,r. .!,...! r ..-
JosSar. of l4Ui tlie an..ut.t t ino.ir4
.jU, huih.ii u . i, f
"fM i.Ci'.-K.'f !.i1l.:!,,J1,,,M.r,
M t jy.'.'Jv 770.
n:aa (m aia 1 1 . a ro-i i, r . a-
- j i:iu nri oi ju -
.L 3t;6 "3
Tl. i. I .1.. 1 1: . ... t.
Ffi-rtm anl'inna afTe.tv.fir fi
A fear ja. r-ur ul.. U tinA
i -:.. pr.iw f e n u ,1 ir.ft ICi-Vulti Inn i.n. I '
- a . .a a . . . .
- W V " -. a ( v
i" a J- . a M a a a
te.'; and mail a it i, in comparison ;lh 'to d"ii.et.c iftdurtiyt' me of jo,.il.ri;u
ll.eri ii arbtm.'f i... m-t ot; i r nMiot'S, ! por-; bia ibry tlmuU s.j ly un.i r a jmi
it iouiJ be tii nUihed at tha rrliet ')' em to all the aa.Mta bratirliet ol iu
praciical le tru d. " S onlJ the aiaie rl!di-try m our country. Tha fanner or
tue country pnn.it, and especially, if our M'lanter who t.iiU yeaily in Ins firld, ia
fu:ecu rtUtitira nifrpoe ri-i obaircle. it 'enfajjrd in ,ou.enii' mdust y," und is
a contcnipl-ied to app!y .11 ti e mtneva ' a much cniitlcJ tu hje bia l.bur " pro
in tha treury a, they accrue beyond j tectnl,! at the waoii'at turr, t!.e nun ol
whit is reqiiired f r ihu apprcpriaiiiins by
UngieH (0 ! Iiquid4ttn. 1 chrnh
lh. ... .....m 1...... , I.I. . . .... ... ...
mnr9 the lolly position which it so teeen
y oreu.ncd. Our csamirv, whuhexliib-
. . . .i. ... z. ..i. I
mioina wdihuic un.fiui oi seii-)iv j
ernment, in developing ail the 9 trees of
na'ional purpeuiv, o cs lo mankind the
peno.ii.orit fxiple of a nton l.ee frov
It e I t-gh:i ig intlt ce of a public debt.
Tlie a t.it'ion of Congress is invited
to the iti'portiiiice of making suitable mo
uifica ions at.il r dilutions ol the r tet of
duty impos.d ly m r jirestni it ( laws.
rhe object of imposing tuties on impoi-s
raise teveoue lo pay the n-
ses ol gnverniniat. Lon-
ubtfdlv, m ihe exercise
erenon, disoriiotnate in nt-!
rarrin! ilie rates oi iluv on ilitferer I a - .
i . . . 11 i .
teles; bet ihe discrinnnitirrns slmu d bej ruount of revenue than would be dcnv
within ihe reiei ue standard. Mid I e made' ed. from lower rate'. They opera.e ss
a it'i the view to ra se money lor the sup- " preteet on nuri ly." 0 one branch pi'
poit (f gnvrrnu.c-ni. "ilonifSlic iul!utry," by taxing other
Ii becomes itiip' rlarlti understand dis- branches,
linetly a h; I is uieiint by a icvenue ftati-i ly die int o luction of minimum, or
dard, die inaxmm of whieh shotihl not be assumed and faNe values, and by the nn
exceeded m the rates of dt ty imposed. poitiona i-f specific duties, the ii jus ice
It is cne-ded, od expt-nenee p-oves, and inequdny ol t' e act of 1842 m its
thit dut'es tnv be laid -o hilraa to di-
inti.Mi or prohibit altni ther ihe impor-J
' , .
re not imposed to raise
f e
IIUC lir- ii-9
money lor uie surP-i 01 foirriiiniiii.iami umr hm ura.nj aim or? . uu.-
' . r.1PK11. ,.f !IIini -,.,iv. ami but I on a.ttcie.
"-" - ' ' "
one p. r cent, on a gnen
... .. ..
nriMH 10 a Burn ..iii'.imi.
...
t!i TreiMirt. ai d will n ciuentallv aed
...aiilv ain.iil protection or alvai.tai
. - . ,
to tne ainomt ol one per cer.i. to r e
home msnufaetii'tr ot a similar or like
ailicle oer die importer. II the di.ty be
raised to t- n oer cut. it will trojuce a :
ed; but if ii be raised to thirty-one per
eei.t , ni'l it is lound ihai the revenue
produced at that rale is less thin al thirty
per cent, it ceases to b a revenue du y. I
The preeiso point m the ascending sc.le
of duties, at which it is sscenaou'd from
expenei.ee .hat the revenue . gie.it.t ,is tl.e comm,ni-l mac, and those ..( all oil.-
,he nmjmum ta, , f duty ,ih en bejer pursuiis, e.ee, i the cap.ulist who has
mg no.;ey foi l :esup,ori oi gove.n.nent. All the gr-a, mterc. o the country are
To r?,se the dutiea Ij.gher than thai pmirt. ! not. a. nearly as ,:.y be p.actienble, e-
8nJ .hereby dun nUh the -mount cd. cl- j qually proieeted by it.
j , , The C0,er!V,lnl . theo.y knows no
a ' - t . - - 1
811,, ,t (or revenue. A, 1. ng then, as
grdn lly ,nCfeaS8 the rate
f j- on a :l clo ,nJ t! uveum
in,.;eMej by P.ch ic,ease of duty,
they are w.thin the revenue snndafd.
W.L .hey go beyed that pt int. and a.
I "ub'J ' !' ,r
f..: r
L.. !..., ,i,. . .
M.na ,i.n f. ..... ,..J
an t! c c o:.oinu". df. iit atu-o ihc
u'!o lh I l'r a!btt im kli ail r'- kl m.l t
I ftiiKpk.ii r. 1 1 l.u-izt.Hi .l r:.tt. Si... h
; i . wt.jr0f A.it. rnr,
L .oL f! "
. ' . """
Baoi rrveuo may ritci ite jtri ot
l-i.im. T ey wny enij t fcum ar
tiflf a'ttelr( il jirrin t ilinr I'un.nr.
J' n,af" cumufiee,
f"'J beprlc be, d.r.t tq-i
aJntne Iron, ti e iMih-ma pr..u-euot.
i'.'tnM,Ht .1 ..Je due,
ia b-iic'en. and ii h ula b a i.i n.i-e i
wv.. wwwvm ' J ' f a
. . .
aft li nr,ri n i fiail if in.t' u aa.. i
xi g pnv. r
i.eii'.rly
odcrs be
! wuul 1 be rr.ai.-
ly ui iu-t. I'll- erdii rr'U( tiju
eommrrre, the nar'jm r. or tlie nuchar
ic, h) are engtd a so In " du.est:c
joint I .bur t f f.ll ll ese cl.ssr confrtili t
' l ie agufi'Ste of ihe " domestic ii-dustry"
of the na ion, and they me iquady ei.ti-
..... .. .i ........ ......... i.. ki .
oru w i"c iMy j inici ih'ii.
lone of ihom can juily tlinn lo be the
exclusive recipients of projection, '
a It it It can only bi fffordedby incresiiii
burdens on the J nueitic itidusiry' tf
the tth rs.
ll these views be correct, il remaii.s o
inquire h w fit ilia i?ritr set i f 1812 is
ci'tisiMent wit'i Uinn. 1 hii many T dia
provisions ol tliut net re in . i ion .f
ihe caidiiMl piincip'es here laid ilowo, ail
must c Mieeiie. Tne mes i.l duty iiopo-
sed by it on smcet-r tclis are prohibitory.
and on others so high as greatly loi.'iiiii.i-
tsh inp ruit ons, uml to produce a less
practical opera l ms on dillfreot ciassis
Mid pursuits are seen m.i f I. Ma iv of .
some artiels, and putnlly soon 0 iers.
I. ...II . V,.. ..I.. l ......
l W 1 m .mam.
. lilt '
srtirle, it will ol luxury. It is so hemil that much ro
ot monev 10 ! l!realel buulei! whicti it tmiiose i t;irnv n
. .
on labor and l' e n.iorcr r .ses who are
'least able t b.ar it. wh leii nrotectscap.
I . ,
iai ano exen.pis ti;e rien troin iaj 1114 me ir
j'isi propo tioo of Ihe taxation icquind
;l' - r me soppoit of fiovtrnment. While
pn 1 c s w.e c,.p;i 1 01 ma wea.u.y man-
uto turer, and increases , las piotus, 11
ilots net bent tit the oj.eia ivts or Ib.r
ers in his employment, wo ise wag-s Itaie
n-1 been mereas. d by it. A ti les of
prune iitce!ty or of c arse quality and
low price, usrd by lh n;aies of ihe peo
ple, ire, in.many instances, sidj-c:cd by
il lo heaty taxes, while a t eh s d In cr
I quality and higher puce, or ol luxury,
which can be u-ed 00 y by tl e cpulei.l.
are Itghilv iaxe). It imposes heavy ami
'uujisi burdens on Use I unit r, tiiu pin tr,
distinction ef p.r-ons or classes, and
should not bestow upon some lavi.rs and
privdege which all others may no. e joy.
l was ihe purpose of its ili.istr.ous roun-
ders to base the institutions which'ihty
rear.d upon the gtc.t and uuvlun.tng i nn-
lijiU 4 jetiir-r asj rqtf . ffi' ifcat
i aJiit-t4 i il fit m v b b tly
tree w.fti.4, iley oolI be Ht ftl
I j il bt-bcCu aLkti fhef dijwel. a4
o,tJ air oft f -t Uiftt lra a ! knee in
Le leat of U pjlr, ntr p vnft.1
ilan t-cJir a .i., auj all te asean
n! aruSiiBcca ineiud t rti roer
mtt it fo nJd iq ii juttct ard oppret
j Ti e loa fret At i"ia lr ffal
-I I? 12 p4 cy a aij r If t
! iti tie Sta-te arj to la if t I!out
j I f itr:rrei t.tif. iliJ t'.l tottir ol it.ne
jht I It l.iibSttf rnoatra netl, win
j he ptrul at crrumi.ree 1 1 t nj at the
t u r, to o-e in t (r, pr(rUi it
l (t rt'. ar I x r ttr J the f tif f i a.in'ioi
!t :! i i i:t n od fa nn on the Crt on.
f c.rtuaisy, i ff-id trirj trd rcc!t'it
Iperniirrni.anl of iha t tf u'lebty anJ re
axa.ai.aa f atiaavusi la aaeuiAa.
etii'rme H at if imi irtfrJd to be
j In recommsinjiog to Cm re, a reue- J ,,n,'d b.v !'tia v1 n "
t on of.be pre.n l 11 e. ol duty, and , ibonoaeu fr-en Hem. Tlwul l.e M.y
iret fion and oWiSea ioa tf Iba ei fi" roiteeIii.H bswkirg rapibt, and
mt. I mo li fro-a iMir..ir Pp nions j u,eJ ,a'1 I "' rr
jvu'Mtii'iy aih m-nuViurfa. Ont'.9j,f u,rk to khoders; iini ahea ralM
U..u.,traiy, deti'ti i t tlem prosj er-'"r' (a" t' era-em 1S37. i may b
J0.9. as lar a thry en bt so, a .fiowt I ,!, lrkets of ti.e b. no we-9 frt-tu ib
topi,!' urfqu I b.r'eni mo her M. ; bktik; tntee ol fceinj i the pobfte .
tereMs. The adisnl'se titu'teaoy y.'F ronwioj-la J b tl, ror-si t i
twm ol ii.d:reiltaxainn. etea withut the n'- 'i-m" of li e const t. lion to N
'revtucen oiUrd. n.u.tle in Isv. r of d.e !ntf', -' e'"JrI "bni e o.mev tid
Imar ufnt oing inure.'; ad if tMs, D0 '' Utrea-eiiy ahoulJ be l i s rot,t.l-
I........ . . . . t ail a .ivtttA .i.a rA ,.tsA.I Ii.k ... .1 it..
1 o iier iiiw ici iu Crimea n.
I recemmed to Con'ei il 9 abi.Iiticn
of it e mu iiiiUTi liin-.j l, cr a-nja.n!.
artitrry. mid M-a fslifff, aid of srenfic
d'i i a, ad ihe n.btiii.tion n Heir jl-ce
vviartm C.le. m the fa rest ailli
jiB'Si equnleind ertl! x bchean be P"" ,,f P'- l,on R,,- trtgarce,
i iiin...n!. Bv thee tuhrtm rriieinle.ll,rn ooi er fr lai. r must r'atlt in rata
l a a " . a " j
; a. I :-r.iiit sre
UXCd aec.id t to ilitu
1 rifrl ur -hhis. ami
id dure which ae ol in-
le.ioiou-l.tv.orof mull co.i, leat'oidy
iliCj i t proporuun ol tlie rx with thnea
ninth are ol superior quality or g'Caut
r..ai. Tii ri,r.i. . u . ii ...
; taxnd s.t the same rts. A system if a-
vuhreia revenue dutes, i li rr. p r d.s-
i .
cniunuMo; i, an J proper guir.ls ags-iust
ltatn'8 in c. l!i ctir.g their, it i not d -ubtcd,
will sir rl 8'tipls ir.ciiiei.t.I advairagr
toil e in nufaciurers, and enable il pin lo
derive is grei4 j r fit, as can bo derived
from any tther tegul.r business. It is
bilieed ibut such ay stem, strictly within
the n venue sutid. rd, will hce the m.n
ulacturtng interests on a statle foitirg,
sttd it.ure to tin impermanent advatiiage,
me, exinu loju tne git at iiiwJw-ww
country the incitlenul protirton which
can be i-Horded hy our revenue laws,
Such a system when once lirmly'rsiab
1 abed, would be prrinaueot, and not be
tutject to the constant conipUinia, sgiia
toi s, and changes who h must ever oc
cur, when duties arc not laid for revenue,
bit for the piotectioo roeiclj" of a la
viT'd interest.
Iti the del berat;ons of Congress on this
1 sul jec, it is hoped thst 4 spirit of mu uttl
eonci-ssion an 1 coouoon i-e oeiween
; ctitul cling ioteretta may pic vail, nd that 1'rora banking iuetitutiona is indispensable
i die lesuit of their lahois un,y Le crowned ' for llie safety of the Kiwis of the govern
1 with the happiest eonrqenc9. j mcnt and the right, of the people," 1 re-
j By tl.ecoiistiutioni f the Unred Staics coniiuend to Congress lLat provision be
j il is "pro'K'ed, thai n noney shall bejmadeby hnv for sueh repanttion, and that
drawn from ihe Tressury but in const. ; a constitutional treasury be created for the
quem e of apf roptia ion Hindu by law." 1 safe keeping of the public money. The
A 1 ubitc tresiswy was uudi-ubtetlly tot: -
ti nii'lated and intended to be created, in
j wh.ch the.'pub ic tr.or.cy shi old be kept
j Ire m die j enod of eolhcion i ntil needeJ
: for public uses. In the Ccl'rciiori and
d:sburtinett of the public money no
sgeucifs have ever been en-ployed by
law, esceptsucli as weie.aj pomted by the
t overumeni, directly re-p nnbld ti u,
ol the public money shtl I be coufided '
iri i uiiuer us uuiuiu'. i nc rair nrrimiv
; to a public treisury created by law, and j the people chosen by themselves, accord
I under like rVspina.bility and control ll ing to the foruis of the constitution; agents
lis not t le imagined that the francs who are directly responsible to the go
i.f the eoiisiitulion could have in ended . vemment, v. ho are unde r adequate bonds
! tf.ai a tressury thou'd be cr. a.ed s a plaro : and ouths, and who arc subject toeveie
! ol deposiie ai d sad seeping ol the public j punishments for auy cmbciziement, pri
i ui.iney which wss iirespo. s.tle to the 1 vate use, or misappliealioa of the public
! government. Tlie first Congress under i fuuds, and for any failure in other respect,
I the corst.lutiofi, by t e ;et . f the second to perform their dsiiit s. To say that the
! Se.itemh' r. 17s9, to e'aMih the Trei people or their govrniacut arc inoompc-
suiy Dep..r;mer.i," provided for die ap. ,
poit.tmiiu 01 a Ireasuter. and made it In i
c!u y to receive antl keep ihc mot.eys of j
the United Slates," and "hIb!! tune to;
submit to t- e Secretary of the Tr. a-ury j
and Comptroller, or eitberof tlitin, tin
inspection of the moneys m hi h sn is." j
Ti at bmks. national cr sate, could J
not have beea iuteiidcd to be used as ai
j suh-tnute for the trea-my spoken of in the) a co;sstiimiua I treasury, in which the
! constitution, as keepers of the public mon-i public money, hall bo kept, I desire th:;t
! ry, is iiiai.il'esi Iron ihe fact, that at lhal J adequate pro ; ons be made by law for
i ti.oe there was no .national bank, and bui ; its safety, and that all executive discretion
j dine or four State bank, of limited capU or control over it be removed, except such
I tut existed in the country. Their employ- as may be necessary in directing its dis
i ment as depositories was at first resoitt d ! burseineiit in pursuance ofappiopriation.
10, 10 a limned extent, but with no avow
ed iattnuon of cdnunuing them perman
ently, in. place ol die treasury of the con
stitution. When ihey were afterwards
from i ee lo time employed, it waa from
monvrs of supposed convenience.
Our experience ehown, that when
banking "o poratiiin, have been the keep
ers o the public money, and been there
oy.made in e flVct the treasury, the gov
rrninent can have n) guaranty that it can
command tha use ol us own money fur
public poipee. Th ! B k f
Uawl 8lra ffvtd t t fiti t . Tl
Sulfcak, abx-a Wire af.rtd
I Joyed. a,r la tt le-ff. Bi a few yt-rs
a( with BdliR9 if fl1f Bbtney 8
i.e.r ke inf. tf c go eiea eti w It g"
i!no. to rat kf try, tl.e fht re
J.t rt -isly impaired, rt .ts .f it nt
iaabtjiy rr iiefispAsiitoa ta pj m if
and. to tl e f abbe nec'irs, in .! ra y
currency ren gut tl bf it rontn i n.
Ttwir fa lura em rrraj t a fem-d ol
pete, aad grt ltloQri ee ed l rs
ae Lffercd by ii pod e frem, 4. I!a4
tha ceutury bni iavotved in forVif 1
war. that it.roettnierre and bta oi.!4
hue been oiueb tair, and in gl t Ii fa
resulted in t nr.mt puhliec-h't ity. The
pubbe money slo tdd aot be ra itglt 1 aitU
tl.a prit.ta h n 'a of banks or mil r
or hm tiail firrrit:il N rr.M.i. W I aa
Ut 19 placed in bae.ts fr saukrpir, it
t IA In a tTm I I .at.af l.a lIM w t htatl aaa ia. - .1
i - - i'-..-fv,...,vvi.w
roniful of ti e pterotaroi.
Bark a huh I old ihe futlie money
are ,,,,fn ""p'ed, by a deriia of gain, to
t,.uf" l-an-,incttae il.eir eirnda-
! ti n, and ibu aHmul-U', if not pio.fuer, a
tlioiiaanila. If ti e ful.lic nioney be m l
I 'Vll' l be kept ia
,he '""ry P,J -i.MiC
.crcu " " 10 fl,,u ,n" r l'""
1 tion '-',"-'d by its ihp. ana ai h rani,
! to an uiuh e xnan-iii of tl e r bu.i. ea
be tbfiked, wh le ibe amount tf
i,he "'" ro"' currency left in eiiea-
laden, non'd be i Urged by its f inp'oy.
mnt in the public coltcrti ps and dis
buispoien s, aud the lap);s themsilvii
would incons'qurnre be A und ia safer
and sounder roiid'tion.
At prrsmt. Stale brnla are errpliyej
a, dej os'ror es, but without adequate tf
liu'.atim id U, wbtrcby li t public uoc
ey csn I e tecurrd f-iint the ratuslltt
sou ex'rsies, returns, fi-pensions,
nnil .1. T'.l.
i lor gain, or oil er csasi 9, they are ro'-rii'
ly exposed. J I e Socrelary of the Tiea
aury h in all e ae, whin it wss prfc
lieahle, lalsa rollaleral sermiiy for the
mount which thev h-hi, by the t ltdge
of stinks ol the United States, or such
of the S a ea aa ara n good credit. Some
of die deposi e bauk9 have given this
deseriptiea ofiectriy, and 0 heia L9
declined 10 do an.
Entertaining the opinion that " the se
paration of the money of the crovernment
; constitutioiiid treasury rcioir.tncnucd is
designed as a secure depository for the pull
lie money, without any power to make
loans or discounts, or la issue any paper
whatever as a currency or circulation. I
cannot doubt that audi a treasury as w as
contemplated by the constitution, should
be independent of all bulking corporations'.
The money of the people should be kept
in the treasury of ihe jieoplc created by
law, and be in the citsW.y of agents of
tent, or not to be trusted with the custody
of their own money, iu their own treasury,
provided by Uitu.stles, but' nnist rely on
ihe presidents, casLicrs, -and stockholders
of banking corpora-duos, uct appointed by
ihcm, nor responsible lo them, would be to
concede that ibey ars incompetent for srlf-
government,
In recommending the establishment of
made by law.
Under our present land system, limiting
the minimum -price at which the public
lands can be entered to one dollar and
twenty-iiveeetits'per acre, large quantities
of lands of interior quality remain unsold,
because they will not command that price.
From the records of the General hand Of
ficii it appears, thqt, of the public lands rr
maining unsold in the several States and
Territories in which they arc situated, 39,
103,577 acres have been in the mat kit,