t,4
like lb roaJiUM of ur couaUr ia rt
rj i i?jt caatuife! ' Uh Mesir
aoJ m tLVJ i.k cnoi ppnrUniona w
to iu imfcittlii oiiiiflfeu ef. J rpreil
1 u (4 it ftwcuearc t U iu iriuii
nj mi kj Lrtaf lonK o-.euari iLe bv
Bwajr. f col iKr riineacw, CHir Union.
jt i naJcr lbee rirruiatUafra I pte
ebt nytelf btfore ru. No onJinry wc
raaiob votilJ have l'a mi from ll"e ir
jlc ihUuu9 of ihe buuta. hrarl rr fpaint,! ml nartv. .lurii Ul Bn:i.h war, loa utr may dirrrl u to the arcompl!.
it aWulJ. f oeceaary,tleJicalr4 loihefraritcJ aa iuflueiw in iW r.ni!ioo of wrnl of aor -rpW he .Iraf wmImhiI
art tire of 8'a rwiniry. Ai.4 1 hire !. ihe prcem m ar. anJ pietrnlrd a jut dia- Jwuluiif tail It uhotU any rrSd to ihe
Csl UtaLaiihouth I aio a prirata aaJ l.um- rriwuuiwn Mveea il tu vaia. 'Hiat ul if C twjMf, ihe tonwiuon will
cilice, a arMwiiM ihe iea M a war J uaUond dffrnrt. irquirrd ! Med l,i tatd.n? the naiu.o
ni niMiona 1 enu-ruia uniit torm
luu adiiiiiou to the ceoril eiorK
I. . n 1 1. . .1 If . kr.I ana ill luid:ltlMI III 1
leUrtri..e our couuirv from ihe ieriJ and . l-,me!f, 1 know, at firt n-luc tanUy, and niiimp mjmim iie djwia f.r w Iih-U a war
Wr hirh aarnwnJ il. 1 wuh great dHi!.t and heiitaikni. bou8hl ; te pneruted. 1 hera ia no other
1 liar cuine heie wiUi no purpoe to 'himself to the rouTinta ihut it .ug!it to alterajtire. If the rremlrnt pmweta it
aKeoji,l to male a fine apeedi, or anv am-j to be derUre.!. A ka.linR. and prh- J may prut-rente it C-r t.jeru a?aint
tit,e oratorical diaplar. 1 have !.rofil.t ' U mot intlucnial mcmlwr of U Cabj. ; the ill of i ongrew, w hew i the Uiflrr
iUb we no rhetomal bouqueta to throw net. (Mr. Uallatiii.) wt. up tothe time of enre Utvrro out free Corrrnment and
into ibia ataemhUge. Ia the circle of the iu declaration, oj.ped to iu But no-, that f any other nauon which may be
yer auwtna haa come, and the acawm of thing rould wiihmnJ the ineaiaiRde fon e g.ifnied by au alwlute Cxar. Emperor,
iower haa paird awar. In the progrei-a of puMic senumenu II war a just war.atid V,"S ? .
of yeara my anring-time haa ene bv, and its great .!jert, a announced at the time. I Congrere may omit, as it haa omitte.I
1 too am in the autumn of life, ai.'d feel w3a - Free Tiadr and paita'c Righta. the prewnt war. to pmrbim the ohjerta
ifrf fis.ci ,f r if . ami aim are
toadJreea roil. ramesiIr.eJmlv.feiiou
Iv, auJ pUinlr. opn the crate aijd cxi-
tuentoua au'ijecu which hate bwiiht ua
together. And I am moat olit-iloue that
u-H a aoliurv word miy fJl frmi me of-
feiwita to anv pariv or person ia the a hole and couMinuioiia.lv dechued, it waa. 1 to ihe attntiiineut of a Inch that frce aliall
eitent of t!e I ni'in. Uiink. t!u ir duty to lave given to it their bo applied. Hut whenever Congrea shall
War4 peelilce, and fa:niae. by the hearty ro-opcraiion. Hut fhe ma of think proper to dr dare, by aoine authen
eomiuo!) consent of mankind, are the three thcm ilij si. They eoiniiueJ to oppose j lie art. for w hat puipiwrea a wai ahall be
vreaieai el:iiiiii which can fcifatl our ar.J ihwjtt it. to t!:w oiir:i?e loans and e.i- eouinif need or continued, il i ihe duty of
apeciet; and w.ir, na the nvnt dircfi.l,
ju$uy aia.iJ ioremoal anJ in front. Pts- ral lioverniueitt to inan h the unliiiu he- to tne auunineiu oi i:ioe purjioiie- in
lilence aod famine, no doubt for wie, yonJ our limi . and to hold a Hartford he instance of the but war widi Great
a!;hough iiucruubie puip.e. are inlie- rnnteniion. which, wluteier were iu re- Briuin. the net of I'onitrer-a by allied il
tionaof Protulence, to which it iiourjj- nt ohjeris. bore the apecl of seeking ,' waa d Urcd waa preceded by a mesMCT
jv, therefore, to bow with obedience, hum disiolutiot) of the Union itself. They J of Preiilcnt Madison enumerating the
blc aubiuisaion, auJ regiMtion. Their lost, and juMly lost, the puhii.; cor.fi Jence. wrong and iojuric .f which com
duration is not long, and their rat?gea are lint has not an apprehension of a similar 'plained agjinsi Creat Britain. That mea
limited. They brine, inJeeJ. great afflic- fte, in a :a of case iilely dilferen:, re- W, tliereforr. and without it the well
lioa whilst they lust,' hut eociety soon re preesed a fearless ft predion of their re- known ohjeeta of the war, which wa a
cover from thl ir effect. War the to- al eentimcnu in aoinc of our public men ? war purely of defence, rendered it mine
lunure work of our own hand, and, How totally variant is the present war! eessary that Congreaa should particular
wluieVer rejiroaches it may deserve should This is no war of defence, but one untie-! jze in the act the rpccific ohjerte for which
be directed to ourself ea. " When it breaks cessary and of offensive aggression. It is t t a proclaimed. The hole w mid
out ita duration ia indefinite and unknown .Mexico that is defending her firesides, her ( knew tlwt it was a war w?ged for free
iu viciaeitudes are hidden from our caiW, and her uliare ; not we. And how i trade and failora righu.
view. Iu the saonfice of human life, and ditTt:rei;t ijo is the conduct of the Why It ay be urged that the President anl
in the waie of human treasure, in its lo- p;irty pf lite present dav from that of the 'Senate possess the treaiy-making power,
aesaniiu burdans, it afl'ecw both btlli- majqr part of the Federal party during the i withoul any express limitation a to it
.( a., I .ffVl. r.f t IOI.il V ..C l.i...',. !aH.I M. t.. thf nlaul ul ftr. 'l II
K eUboJlts, oroeuth, and of uesolaiion,
endure long after iu thunderi are hushed the Whigs in office arc rrproichabla al, peace; and, t!irelore. that the Prenjcut
in peace. War unhinges society, disturbs all, it is for having lenl ton ready a fapili- .and JSeijate muat possess ihe power to de
iu peaceful and regular industry, and seal-j iy to il, without careful examination into ,1'ide what atipulatinns and condition shall
ten poisonous seeds of disease and its-; the objecu of the war. And, out of office, jenter into such a treaty. Bat il ia not
morality, which continue to germinate who hate rushed lo the nrosecution of the l more true that the President and Senate
and diffuse their baneful influence long id"-
ter it has ceased. Dajiling by iu glitter, '
pomp, and pageantry, it begeu a spirit cf
Wild adventure and romantic enterprise.'
and often dir qualifies thoe who embark
in it, after their return from the bloody ,
pems Ol oamr, iroin engaging in iijc in-1
dustnous and peaceful tocation of life,
e are informed hy a autement which
i apparently correct, mat the number ot, and the no leas deplorable havoc or an in- ijeel oi me convention in inking the war
our countrymen sl iin in this lamentable J hofpituble and pestilential climate. With-making power out of the hind of a sin
Mexican war, although il has yet been of out indulging in an unnecessary retrospect tjle man and placing il jn the safer eusto
pwly eighteen month's existence, ia equal and useless reproaches on the past, all jdy of ihe repr!ri.ative of the whole nv
to onhalf of the whole of the American' heart and heiids ehould'uniie in the pat-1 lion. The desiraUe recoiicili ition b,e
loss during the seven venr war of the riotie. endeavor to biiii" it lo a salisfaeto- '.tweeu the two ixiwer is effected bv at-
(evolaion ! And I venture to assert that
ihe expenditure of treasure which it has
occasioned, when it shall come lo be fair
ly ascertained, and fooled np, will be found
to be mote than half of the pecuniary
coal of the war of our independence.
And this is the condition of the party
whose arm hate been every whete and
ronsiantly victorious I
Uvw did we Unhappily gel involved in ,
mil war : 11 was preuicieii as ine consc-
quence of ihe annexation of Texas to the :
Unitetl States. If we had not Texas, we
ahould have no war. The people werej
ihjia'ar.' it was preuicieii as me consc-
told that if that event happened, war would
ton that hie nation would consider the an-;
nexatiou of Texasto the United State as j
producing a state of war. But all tljis
was denied by the partisans of annexation
They insisted we should have no war.
and even imputed to Ihose who foretold it
einister motive for their groundless pre
diction. ' But 69I withstanding a 6tate of virtual
jrar necessarily reunited from the fact of
annexation of one of the belligerents to
the United Slates, actual hostilities iniirlii
have been prohnbly avenrd by prudence, j
niotieration, and vyise statesman-hip. II
rai j ajior nui oocn permiue.i to re-,
. I a . r . j,'"1 isi'risi i J j
irivtt U.t , Aa. I . ?
V c oc vm-iii iu fiiaui, ai
T'.'" " corpus vuristi, an.i il a tie-f
,,,: 1... 1 1 1 - . . I
RMuw u nan been opened jyitlt Mexico in
- -' -limy aim rpncuiaiion, 1
waf possituy niig.it have been prevented,
1 . .
..... a .... a . . . I . . . .... . . t I '
jai, mmcmi m mis ,1111,1," an 1 ni'igftrate
ensue. I hey were told that the war be-, most awful exerme of sovereignty. The Hon of the last war agiijjst Great Briiajij, . monsters thai ever exi-ted in hit!n.itt form. teietmg m the liberal head of the Papal ! alran) tb: we do not now lnd well in
tween Texas and Mexico had not been; Convention, which framed our" Federal m all t!u restrictive measures which Con-! And thai 1110-1 extraordinary man, per'sre. the opinion of otbei pari of Christendom.
Iprminatel by a treaty of peace; that : Constitution, had learned from the pages gress adopted against the two great belli-; haps, in all history, after subjug-aiiiig all! But I suppose il to he impooihte thai Repudiation ba biought upn us miicli
Mexico tdl claimed Texas as a revolud of history that it had been often and great- gemot Powers of Europe, clauses were! continental rjirope, occupying almost s.H 'tho.e who f ivnr. if there be anv who fa. i reproarh. All the nations I apprehend,
nrovince: and liiat. if we receirerf Teia l. .j,n,l Ii I. . ,1 to., ii.,i ...... ..r 1 inprtil in ih som.r-il ..1. . 1.1:. 1. im r.jnii-.U .;.,.! ii.... .... .1 .... .i... . . '.. . .l.
. . . - 1 , ...tl'Vllt I. Hill 0VVII .lint " .1 lift. Ul- ' -a.wa .aa .B w.aa-a. H .l Vltdi; IIPll tl ilf a- -.. (l...a?a, .llltrf.r.lll".11i;t.IU- ,1.1a IMT'a1tlll'K:illllll til llVt ' I in Illl l.a IfttlK
in our union, we iook aimg win ner ti.e , u.n been commenced upon the most in- ""'in, tendering to liqihor euher of tlje . qir l Mr. I hiers, proud Albmn itself, nitcd States, t-sm think thai it ought to be
war existing between her and Mexico, j fling pretexts ; that it had been frequent- j belligerents the ubojiiiif tj0se restciit-jaml decking ilje brow of various ineip.' perpetually governed by military sway.
And the Minirterof .Mexico formnlly an- j y waged to csubliah or exclude a dynis-'lions if they woi,Jd repeal their hostile bcrs of his family with crowns mrn from Certainly iin votary ofhuinan hheitv could
flounced lo the Itovernment al Washing-; tv : to snatch a crown from the head of Berlin and Milan decrees and orders in the heads of other monarch, lived 10 be. deem it i iu-ht ih.it . t'lial'ilisiil atltnltlfi tia
Pi.'lr&e WMIltit lr S 1 t M I" ' r -. , -, .y, ...... ..... ..... ..... ....ta, i-firBriiiffii.i . . n 11.
- Y r o"-ii w..s wctiding : coisent of Coiigreae. Congress, then, in or were in conflict with unrepealed ta- Hon of an onerous national debt ; nor could : two Republics to be fixed? Whore is
ni way to Mexico wii i diplomatic (,or systeni of Government, is the le ttnes, it Ins been ever held as the repuh- it be ronipletely effected, iu all probabdi- dieir se ll . f common Govemmer.i to be
I'UMPUlla!, In 11. 1 vl if VV.tS ord - o-a to 1 d.-nlsil.. ,.f it- .) In.moi. .hvic r.M-o.- licnn dnelrint. ft-tira, .r. ..... . ... ,l....v ti- ...,i,l ..f.... I t. - ..... 1 it. 1 1 , 1 1 .. 1 .' t. .:
'tMiort h 1 1 , - ,- - j ... ...... ,. ay o ua' f itn 11 j 1 1 .uivt inn irtj('.T in iii.iu yr.5 , .-si in.jsiieti : Ann 110 can loresee or
n hi.!' 'J,-1!' J" .'.I'-'xi -The e.reS!i'uti..a provides thit Con-ret to :ho p:csent time, that the paea-age of' It would he necessary to" occupy all its f...i. I. if Mexico, voluntarily or bv force,
.1 , v,-j...' Li si-,41 hive po m to duciarj war and r..r.t af: of'C 'oogrcj -4 ci-j.7 to recurc trt.nghoJ., to di-arin iw !tila!i;.u!t-. and -eei- v, .-hare in ihe coni!:ioafotefi.iii-ir,
a.
itarr the aI-
T... -YJc !!
bcl . cW!,ct U a.u ? i
inspired W.I roBcrt w J
.:.t. -r - i. iM n.'uJ it. ant.Urd !
H. - - .
J ltU prop-! to rsu
ttdaatrert. auJ w .order to
fifty ib..uiid
r,w.auii UU tUU vote f.r it, a pre-
.-.tJ- fJr attxthuiinv it
rmt!ibmmu4t of U e ar to the act of
Mcxiru. I have an dmbt of t! tikH
La HuuJrM l)ua atiA. aAr SlflSlifLT
to ihc till f Cut fltgraai n.ir.
fiMJuJ 0mHte conninra to t.e lor
r.uunouy l"eef uwpied er
oled tue to ir b31 iih nal;.
lie WaelMiod damped oa ita f-re. AI , e 1 onj reaa iura nn poweaa rT"
.o id.4iru Uiuh. aaldA.( aeur, B..trolSipf auihwy anpbotrJ b
irr eouiJ hae itrd tor that biJI. ronlendrd l-t a war hau o.ve
TU r ireptitu rondort pf Fedc- etHninenred, the Yridrnt of Ue I aited
ieva waa a war d national defence, required lae Biierly lailetf M taniing tne aaiwii
i tome fur il.e tindieaii..a ol t!.e imtional righta ;"- the abuea and arohiiioa of a ain
of in- - to J honor, and demauded bv the indifjnanl le indj idual. titlirr t onfreaa or Ihe
ince iaUoW of tl.e p.ple. PreVlent adiH-n , irenlet wt I'fre the right of deter-
ialm Af Hi a rfcjial!
.-iini imnlpr il,!- and nottreaait'e act
of Britii-h power on the ocean. Thejua,"ee proaeruli-U. anU in
tice of the war, far front Ik ing denied r
amtnuerted, a ailiiiittwl by ihe Fede-
ral pariv, ahieli onlv qui tioned it on con-,
aid. rations of Hi. y, Ueiiy deliherattly
a ' - -------
hfjments, to deny the power of the (iene-
obstacles to the proaeiuiiuii of the war, if
war with more ardor and alacrity lhan the
Whigs ? Whose hearts have Ljed more
freelv lhan those of the Whias? Who
hate more occasion to mourn the osa of!
'son, husbands, brothers, fathers.! than i
Whig parents. Whig wives, and Whig
orotners, in 11119 UCaiilV ttllu UliprolllaOie
s iife I
But ihe havoc of war ia in prpgtp;;,
ry close. I there no way that this en
be done ! Must we blindly continue the
conflict, without anv visible object, or any
prospect of a definite ter initiation ! This
is the important subject upon which' I de-
ire-4o consult and to commune with you.
Who, in this free government, is lo de-
cide upon the object of a war, at its com-
inencemciil. or at any time during iu ex-
isience ! Does the power beloug.to the
isience I Does the pijwer belong to the
nation, to the collective wisdom of the na-
lion in PMtigres assembled, or is it ves.ed
solely iu a single functionary of ihe Go -
vernmeul?
nation, to the collective wisdom of the na-
a ui-i 1 iruaiiiii 111 war is me niuiiesi ami
t .1.. 1 . c 1 1 .
one poteitiaie and place it upon the head
of another: that il had been often prose -
euted ui promote alien and other interests
than ihose of the nation w hose chief had
nroj;!aiuied it, as ii) the cae of Kujlisli
wars for Hanoverian interests; and. ju on which it was proposed to restore friend-
short, that siich a vast and tremendously intercourse with iliem. So, after the
(MM, or u:iSiii 11m m 0u rtinnoen io uie pe
rilous exercise of one single man. The
(Jonvcijiion, therefore, resolved to gnaw
i:ie war-making power against mose great
abuses of who h, in the hum's of a mqr
narch, it was sci susceptiMe. And the se
purity against those abuses which it wiv
dom tlevi-e.l. w:t lo vest the. war-maktmr
. Si
power 111 tne i;oiigress ol the lUmed
ciajcs, Deing the immediate re pre sent a-
lives of the People and the States. So
.
appreljenslp and jealous was ihe Con-
mien. rrt
ven'.ion ol us abuse in any oil
(her hands,
of ihe pow-
tlasat. i. interdicted the exercise
t er to any fius iu the Lir.on. wnr.nut the ' wnere they contained eitbcr annrnnnannni : Inl sacrtfines nt bnmun life, un.l ill pu .'it,u .. . r .....
te;r a eurqsa arj rrp-i. to
n-lrt C4crrf etpuaee a Una ua
-. . 'C- ..i M .....1.
" . . .
. ula Ur , gt er.urt lLa Uod ad
, ... " ...
Ifinriral rwee, M reg-dl to ar. U
T -. - , - . I . .
a
" Whenever ralW upon to ficrt-
apB U eoJrma a,aetuji ae
c u.f-Oftrcre ! t3sJrf ad dt-i.b-
"rt aod drfiJ spaa tht motive, b-
J, wl rwr f He mu. abo. u
, WSf
Lr-ikw of iu J jrw. w U f cf
rtwrnv r '"-'-". 1
,ny iIim, , &Utt tor hl rjiflor M
Ml U fonhrt rwwnrJ. If wp
lr wiiu-li It w aa couitnnirru or n- orro
c;iwa of aut-h
J "'
im ion hip i rrriui-iii.
being rhareed
nh 'e rmployment ami direction oi tne
iiatiiMi.il force, ia m eeMarily left to hi
own jtidgmi nt lo deride nnoit ihe oljeci
, -
the I'lesidcnt to apply the national force!
termination of a war is by a treaty of
possi-as the treaty-making power, without
liuui4tion, than tint Goncrcss possesses
the war-making power without restriction,
Thee two powers, then, ought to be so
interpreted a to reconcile the one with
Mhe other; and, inexpoundimr the const.
, """'"t iiutiii iu nvrjF iTinini.iiiuj
hi
I view the nature and vtmcture of our free
Government, and especially the great ob-
. tri'uting to Congress the riht to dedare
' what shall be ihe object of a war, ant
lne President the duty of endeavoring
to
to
( obtain those object. by the Jireelion of tl.e
national force and hy diplomacy.
j I am broaching no new and speculative
i theory. The statute book of the United
States is full of examples of prior deehra -
tions hy Congress ff the objects to he at
lameu ny negotiatioiis with loreign 1'nw-
tained by uegoiiatio! with foreign' Pow-
ami tne archives of the Executive Ue-
partment furnish abundant evidence of the
! accomplishment of those objects, or the
attempt to ecnui(lisli them, by ube-
ers, amf the archives of the Executive De-
i...., :...:.. f: . .1. 1. 1
i"r' urjjuudinm. 1 rmr 10 uie oeciara-
council, operating against otr commerce j
; and nivigatioa). And thfise acts of Congress,
were invariably communicated, through ;
the Executive, by diplomatic ijotes, to!
Prance and Great Britain, as ihe basis np-;
;" """"n ir war, vai luus acis 01
! Uongrcss were passed from time to lime
; offering lo foreign Powers the principle of
sennrociiT in mc commerce and naviga-j"u
li'n of the United States wiih them. Out
.of these acts hav sprung a class, and a
.large class of lrea!ies, (four or five of
htch were negotiated whiiM I was in the
th. . . i . . , . .
J'eparime.u . Matt-,) commonly called
reciprociiv treaties, concluded tinder all
ijic i icsiiicii.a. mini 111 tautiic.ttt tt .11 r
"e Preaideuu, from Mr. Madison to Mr.,
' .....
Van Duren, inclusive. And, with regard
lo commercial treaties, negotiated without
the sanction of prior acu of Congress,
cxewa
If 14 l!-
. f .. . jk.eniM 1M IVrirrt laa
aaw - TTs 7 JLJimm a7
iv-ul..ie il ami the tretr-ilm twwe
auy U rvdrd a. cm-ai. tC
riot.lr iSrck! ikhrtt m tbrl.
rui onriioUlf x'!s "be ol
tMuuom aUSl ba applied, fco aa.-b
atuMirr ia the eaa f war. h powe. to
rlatt wbica at ro&SJed eaetowf rly to
t oBgrraa f I
IrUrllbeutore. Mr. rnaideataad:
frUow-ruiea. a Hh enure ruoil.!cnce, tlial
Congieaa haa the f ight, either at tha ha;
einaTng oe during woertioa of any
war. to Sila tba object and wrptMce
r.-mhirU ii nioi L.ini.d. or tor Lch '
it ought to be nwtiaued. And I think it,
ia the dot of Congrea, by eon drUha-(
i. JuilaMiir art. la derL.re for wliat
ohieeta theprefrut war abaU ba longer wiiry aa Mrsiro, wiib a -polatio e4
pnawrourd. Iptoetla I,re'dentwouJdjat leaa thaa aio anUton. ia a etau? of
not lireitaur w rgu!at fcia roodurt by the eon.tant toditary aabjeeiii
wnm-unred will of CWme. and to etu- bhll it be anneird to die 1'aned Sialr
phi tlia forse aaJ tbe diplomatir power. V-ca any rtwidrrate aa Uinta upoj
of ihe aalioa to rserula tJiat will. Itut. 'eible thai two eurh iuioieiiae eoamnea.,
;r ir....la.i cti.u.1.l .Wllfut nr cvfuw) with teifiioiiea ol t.eaiir eaaal etuai.
u.a an .. I in rniH'm ni ,s ii,a irtinmiia with mow'atiMia v ineonf rnona ai diU ;
authoriir of Gongreaa, ahould pereere fcreni ia race, ia Unfuaje. in wbgnw,
i !. war f.r oihtr uhiiu il.an'and in law. roulJ be bletwhd toeeitier ia .
Ihow pet-clained by L'ongreaa. thra it
would be the impeiatite dutv of that bo -
ipeiatita dutv of that bo-dby oneeonnananilniy f .Murmuia.' auiy me mean w uuMience, mere aught
iu authority, by the n o'dienieMt, incHneetimia. rrbrUw-a, mm Id , be aoaia eaeoae for an alb nipt to c nUrt
rlTnlual and appiopriate inentahly ene. ani.l the ineompanhlaionr dominiona ; lt we bae no urli .
J if, on tl.e ctHilrarv. Uie prtt wuuld be bn Vcn asunder, and p- J pdgy. We hate aheadv, ia our fl.iri-
or to vindicate
iringrnt and effi
mrauiea. And
senile the war, with all the national ener-
KvUtv WV H f iui alia li iv iiaMiii-a ruri-
gr, until those objecu were obuiiied by a
treaty of peace. There rau lie no iui.u -
teraiile difficulty in I'oimre-a making audi
in authoritative declaration. Iei it ie -
solve, simply, tlut the war ahall or hall
not be a w ar of conquest ; and, if a war
of conquest, what ia to he coiujuered.--
Should a resolution pass discluming the
design of conquest, peace would lot low in
le than sixtv das, if ihe President would
conform to hi constitutional duty.
Ilere, fellow-citizen. I might pause,
hatine indicated a mmle bv which the in-
....
a . - - a . .
m
enemy ahould refue to ronelude a treaty nbly, in the It i jlnl.l lrugte. r preent ' rouniry. a t mi ami am.on bounUIrm
rouiaining a tipulaliona areuring tlie oljerta glrioua Tnii-n itelf wobld be dife ered lerritry. Ileginninf at the north, in tlia
drtiguated by Coiigteae, it would become' or diMi.Ued. We ought mt to forget ihe t frojen ref ine i.f ihe Uritia.lt prntiuert., ii
it.aiim nrriiwhulai:ueerniiM-utiomo.!waruiiie voice of ullhi-torv.ahichieaeli. , airetchra ilutiMitda of mile aim. t.t
hating indicated a mode bv w hieh ihe in- ix rMwHi. iiwer l anata, w lucli near one
lion, through iu accredited and legitimate hundred year ago, afn r the conclusion of
representative in Coiigre, can announce 'he eten yei a ar, w ceded by France
for what i.urnoce an I o'iect thi wai'to Great Briui;., remain a foreign land
. ' . . . -a -a a a - a
hallbe longer prosecuied, and can tlni m ihe mid-t of ihe Brituh Piottnce. hf
let ihe whole people of ihe United States' reign in feelings and attachment, and lo -
know for what end their blood i lo be reign in laws, language, and religion,
further fhed and their treasure further n1 And what ha been the fact w ith poor,
Mnded, instead of the knowlcilge of it S.dliini, generoiiii, and oppressed lirland ?
being locked up and ronceaVd in the bo- Ccntune liae passed away since the o-
sotn of one man. We should no loitjer ' verbenrmg Sxon overrun and futjogmed
perceive ihe objects of the war varying,' the Kmerald le; ritfr of lnU Mood
from lime to time, according lo the cliaug- have flowed during the long and arduous
ing opinions of the Chief M;igtttra:c,ihir-! contest: insurrection and rcbillion hate
tred with its nosecution. ' b-cn tho order of the day ; and yel up to
Bui 1 do not think it light to stop here.
Il ia the privilege of the people, in iheir
primitive assemblies, and of every private
man, however humble, to express an o
pinion in regard to the purposes for whit It
t.Se war ahould be cont nucd; and such
-n akrwsaion w ill rrrriva just to mm Ii
consideration and consequi nee a it is en-
titled l., and no more.
Shitl thi war be prosecuted f.ir ti e p'ir -
pose of conquering and annexing Mexico,'
in all its bouudler extent, to tl.e United
Slate ! : the American are of ihe same Saxon ori-. in honor and morality. In pay the just debt
I wil net attribute to the Pretident of gm. The Ciitholic religion predominates of Texas ; and we should lie equally bound
the United S ate any such design ; but I ' in both the former the Protectant among ' bv the same obligations to pay the debt
confess tint hae been sho-ked ai d s-jboih the la ter, h'ettcion ha been the : of Mexico if il were annexed to the I'ni
larmed by iiianifest.it ons of il iu various' I'ruii'nl pause ofdisnatisfaetion and di-con-: ted Stle.
quarter. Of all Ihe ihugers and ini-for-1 lent between the Iri-h and the I.ulih na- j Of all the possessions which appertain
tune which conld befall Ibis nation, 1 tions. I tb.rre noi reaon to appieheud lo man, inhi eollerii or indivk'usl eoa
tliould icgard that of iu becoming a war-' !nt il would become so between the pi o dilion, none si ould be ptestrtrd slid
like and conquering Power the iiot dire- r.ple of the United Slate and ihoae of! Mex- cherished with Oioie sedulous and un
ful and fatal. lisioiy t ils the mournful ! ico. if ihey were united together 1 Why remitting csie tl an that of an unullid
ia!e of conquering nations and eonqueinr. Uhonld west ek lo interfere with them in ebsiacter. Il is impossible to eslnaitf ii
I'he three most celebrnted cnuqnerors in' their mode of worship of a rommon Sa- loo highly in city, when altirhul lo
the civiltted word were Alexa!idfr,i;.T5sar,jviour! We believe that ihey ate wrong, n iu.lni.li.al. tor en it be exsgjeriifd
atpl apuleon, 'I he flrt. after ovei run ;esjecialty in ihe exclusive character of'er mo gtesily msgaified in a nsiiop.
nii)g a bjj-jte porfion of Asia, and sighiiij their f.iiih, and that we are unlit. They Tho who lose or ar indifTWreM to it be
ami lamenting thil there were no u ore; think thai they are right and we wrong, roine just objre'a nl aenrn and eon empl.
woidjo subdue, met a prrmalute and What other rule can theie be than to leave : Ol all ihe abominsble tanrtions aloch
igtnjbje death. Ii lieutenant quarrelled 'the foliuwers of each religion to ilieir own : sully the pgof buiory, none exceed in
and waned with each other as lo ihe solemn conviction of conscientious duty ! enormity tit of the disaiemhermenl and
poij of hi ticlorie, and fijilly .-tthcm! towaid (lod ? Who, but the Great Ar- psrtil oo of Polsnd by he three great con
all. Cijjsar, after conquering Gaul, te- biter of ihe Universe, can judge in such a ! tmenul Power ef Russia, Anslris, sud
turned with his triumphant legions to question f For my ow n pjirt, I sincerely Prussia. Age oy pas away and cen
j IJoine, passed, tho Rubicon, won ihe bat -
s tie of Pharsalia. trampled upon ilje liber-
J of this country, and expired by the
painol 114ml of urutu. Hot lfome cea-
patriot luiul of Brutus. Bui Home era-
eu l be Iree. War and eonqueat hail ;
enervated and corrupted the masses. The !
spinl f true liberty was extinnisheil,'
j and a toiii line of Kmperor aurpeeded,'
e" to b free. War and eonnueat hail
"i wuuiu were uib iihisi esecrauie
hold his own dear France itself ju the
possession, ,f bj eneuiief and was ttyde
himself a wretched captive, and, far re-
moved, frpm rouiitry, fiiiuly. and (iiends,
breathed his last on tbe dinatit and iuhos-'
pilible rock of Si. Helena. Ihe .lps j
and the Rhinp had been claimed as ibe'
iiHiurai uiiimuai ies oi rrance, nut even j
hec could tpit be secured in fhe Ij-eiies
l which tliewasrediicpdtosuhtr.it. fbij
nencve that the ppople or Alaceilonig
or Greece, of tytme or l I'Vanpe, weie 'li
beiiefitted, individually or p. Ileeiiyel
cliyely. by
ins? Their;
'ihe triumphs of theii great eapiai
sal lot was immense sacrifice of life, hea-!
' . . . . . !
vy aod iiii.iler , hie burdens, and the ulti-1
1 . .
mate losi of hbpriv jj-elf.
1 iiai Hit. mni.p ni 1111. 1 iui..i vi..i..
Thai the nower of the United S.atea '
... ... ..... ......... .ji.inT ,1,
competent to the conquest of Mexico, it
quite probable. But jt could not be a -
chieved w itrjoul frightful carnage,
i ..f ...1 .1. ...... . . 11''. . . . - . !
t.l.,.. n hi e.'-a. b
i ,i i
aa-l I'a. 4aaaaattatilir ,Sltr a
-ia.e ilu ttdi g .
- - - - I
, m.4 IrVa it.
U be arera-
aaiT. tatoirM perUaoa aJaaya aa U
I .M .J" .i.V-Jmi, r. Tlur taadac
Um-im X ibeir roti r. Tbie taadaf
rtt. retrfitiy ia a f-eeira l-d. aad
aeetoaie4 to Irani pie apa the Lbenira
C tt" J . .
""J14 M a ' r toraeate.
leaj of -mm dan- a4 aepiiaripled
chr fu. la lewra to their eoaatry and
prowe the rUK libeny.
Sapjieg the roqet to fca ewe
aude, wbal ta to be dooa WHh l I t
to be rerMed. Me Umm imo If
IVaroa,U f to .!d it W roojpatitde
wkU ibe get4a, character, and aalny id
oor free iaiitlMH.a, to keen arb a great
one harmooMMia mai-a and happdv eer tlere waa ailiftiruity in obtaining ii.i.
'edby oneeonnananihoiiy J Murmuia.'at.ljr ihe Beanaofubiienee, there might
es the difficulty d combining and eonu-
- t - -
hdating together eowjoenng and e.qner-
.ed nitiona. Af rr the lpe of eight him-
dred year, duimg a hich the .M.ia held
. - ....... ... - a .
.,. . . a..' ' . I . l . ...I.f
. meir roiien i j-paiii, me iiwiumiwuie i rr.i - p.i-.
erage, perermice and obtmaey of sin ol Gicat Briiain. and it embrace the
ihe ipjiiili race finally triumphed, and great father of mere, from it upprrmt
exjilled the African invader from the ource to ihe B'hse, and ihe anil longer
Peninsula. And. even wiihin or own Mionri. fn-m i mouth t the gorgf of
lime, ihe colt;d poaer i-f Nphoii,the Kcky Mount -in. It eoinprtlirnd
w hen at it lofiie M heighi, a aa iucompe- s ihe greatest variety of the lichrst sods,
: tent to aubilu- and subjugate the proud ' capable of almost alt the pioduction of
''a""!.-!!. And here in our own neisb j ihe enh, eveepl lea and roffee and tl.e
bi rlnMul. Lower Canada, which near one pices, and it include every vsi'iety of
a .. . . a mm ..,- . It. . I
' thi time Irrlutid remains alien in feeling,
' affection, and sympathy toward the pow -
er which has so long borne her down,
II very liohman hates with a mortal ha-
j tred hi Sax n oppressor. Although there
ate real terri onal differences belwecn
o.r tinitl.timi uf INildinl Hint irliitl, a
compared to thai of the United Smic and
.Mexico, there are some points of striking
. resemblHiice between them.
Both ihe I
iili and ihe Mexican are probably of the
same Celtic race. Both the Knglish and
' believe and hope that those who belong
to all the department of the g'eat church
;f Christ, if in truth ami purity they cn -
lorin lo the iloctriues w liu h ibev profess,!
form in the doctrines w I111 h ibev profess.
; w ill nltunatelv secure an abiule in ihose
w lit tiltiinately sejrure an ab
regions of hlo which all at
icach. I think that Ihere is
111 Ivirope, whatever Ins relii
un hn.illv to
no potentate
rope, whatever Ins reheiou mav be.'
more enlightened er M Hits moment so in
perpetrated of the great iirinciple of our
own levuliiiioii, according ! which, laws
: . . ' .
ougfit not in he enacted aiu l ues oughi
not to he levied without representation on
the part of those who are lo obey tiitfoiiei
and nay ihe other. Then Mexico i to
participate in our councils and enuallv
chare in our ifgiMatioii anil Governmenl.
ni supiioye she would iil voluntarilx
choose rcpres. nu,tives in the nattMial Cmi -
ress. is our snldit iy to follow the elec-
lors 10 iheballnl-box.andhy force 10 coin.
pel them, nt ilie point of the bayonet, lo
deposit tin ir halloti ? And how are ihe
nine million of levi..:... t Im
. . ... ...
presenied in ihe (W.gresa i.f the United
States f .
Stales of America and the Congtessof the
i'.. 1 .. - ..r.i.. 1, 1:. . r 11 :
Cite.! Si,i ..fih. la...i.iiT.r M.
viiiicu i.iuin 01 nip iiennuiic 01 mrn:ii
combined Is every Mexican, w ithout
1 regard In cdor or caste, per capitum, to
diead-'exercise the elective franchise f How is
- U let
l. t LMftrtaeJ. a. I liar Ler t.
I pUa jh . tor li p r te J mr
I4tl!f m d UttA'to, rumiu.,
"
Uarre, laae, and religiua im. toiaUf
frrrat fr-aa er . a b,w rmm
tLa r lolt-ag pctae !e of c.fcd, 4m.
irarird, aid aMMy Goaeraaarai. tt
WUI bat a Meaieaa Party, Parifi,
IVeaa Pany.aa Aiba"e Pnr, i
tknm to tha atkrr I'anire h"ich ei'ut r
with which we are tlueatem d. earb iim.
iag to eieeate ba parUrular tir
and furpnae. and irptoarkikf the atleia
iilt ihwaJting aihl difpi.ln:lrg ilir.
It nreeBUIki ia f "m
IT '
imJ prwbably bxai aeparaia and i.
peetiUeMpa,alyiedy to iltum
Mlf into iW acale e-f any otlr party
advaaea and promota Mexieaa interrt.
Sorb a elate of ihiega rotild not lung a
dure. TlM-e w hom God and geegn I, y
.ae proaowoeed akould lite aenadrr.
enuld aeter be -rrmatetitly and luiuo
HKMit.lr aaited tojeilier.
Ilo we want fr onr aw happinett r
ereainea ihe addiiHa of 51 ikw to then.
iig I'hmni of our Pialra f If iHir rKfn-
Ikhi w aa tm drn tor oar letiiiurr, and
.i . "
eoasie of the Ad-uitx Ocean ai d the Mex
ic
pw
bi.i
ican umii, uniii ii aiutnsi reKiies ttif iro
pie. It extend to the Pacific (Jon,
rdrr n ihore great inland srs. il,
l.l .....I. aid .. laniN .l.a .....
spices, ami i
climate whirl
1 aire. We hi
million of a
.l I
mcii me iietn couiu wisiioinr-
e mme thaa ten iIiolsjiiJ
acres of w atle and uusetded
land, rnoii(h lor the ulwuteiire of tn
!or twenty time our pre-ei.i population,
tlughl we not lo ba atified with such
country ! Ought e not to be profoundly
ibanktul to ll e (iitrr of all good ihn.gt
for such a tal and bountiful land ! il
, rot ihe height of ingraiitutle o lliin l
i seek, hy war and conquest, indulging in
, a spirit of rapacity, to acquire other Imds,
ihe homes and habiutionof a Urge poc
lion of his common children ! If we pur-
' sue the object of such a conquest, beidrs
' mortgaging the letenoe'snd resource of
j ibis country for ages lo come, in the form
, of an onerous national debt, we should
hat rf ready to augment that debt ly an
' assumption of the sixty or seventy mil-
lion of the national debt of Mtxieo; for
I lke it that nothing i more certain than
thai, if we obtain, voluntarily or by con-
- , qesl. a foreien nation, we.acquireii with
all the incumbrsncea attached to it. la
tnv humble opinion we are now bound.
luries roll srouicl. but long as hutnin
reenrd endure kll mankind will uniie m
;; rxeiatirg Hie rapaeiou and dclesiable
dred. Thai' wis accoreDhshed by nteu
wbelmire (...- .nH ih. .r.innn.ta ci
isteuce ol Ul liens ons and divisions
in lb bosom of Poland. I.f 1 us svoid
alhitmr in mir nam ,! innal eharae-
er a similar, if not wotse lirs. lnt
upon us in me proserii
I reweni wr as be ng ctuted by a spirit
id rpcity and an inordinate derire fr
ierriioii. sggrandiie mr nl. I.t no,
! forfeit klmgeilisr lhir eood opinions. I"!
his com m anil iliir imliuu bv a n. blfl
. - - 1 i j
exeicise of forbeaianre and just ce. In
the elevated suron which we Indd we
can safely afford 10 prreose the godlike
vofussof inndrrstmn snd magnanimity.
I Ibe long snir of glormu Iriumph
achieved bv our asllani comtrandns and
their brsve snnea, unllsnded by smgi"
i iecre. jusiift n. wi heuilhelesitdiiigr
i ..f untitling ih luminal honr. in dim-
lerestedli lu.liling out ihe olive branch of
peace. We do not want the minr. l"
nmuniiiin, ihe mriies. and ibe s'enle
I nuts of .Mes no. To ber the osi'flhc"
i .n.d.l K. i,...it...;.. i k.
s perprlnsi
-
snutee of repn t and moil ficalicn. t
bey might prove a fatal acquisition, p10"
diieing d rsct on, ili-sensi m, divii'
p'ssddy diouiiion. ,ei, therifore, ihe
integrity of the n lional existence and n
imnal teni'my of Mexico remain undo
turned. For one, ( tleaire to ee m P"rl
f her territory lorn frm hei by
Some of our people have pined the"
hesris upon the acquisition ol ihe tiaV '
in 1 rjiiri.co in lJppe t. I.lotnu.
, us a gout m-oiiim. P..we, '
I I
, hi