a .,. . . .. a t
- - , . -
. MJI,lliiUJJtiM 111 Hi 1 1L
1 I
.NLJ1:TIIE coNlTITUT.UN IM..T1IE LAWS-niK UUAHDIlfS OF UlR MCf.kTV
tt " ' rr -, a.
k i: i run utiis so, i 4 8
. I44k.
ITVInU ftf0 ..... a. ' . .. . . . -
Vat- I . XX IX. i Wt;ilMii y.
- - f j - ---- - - -
ggggee ,,, irggiBaes . ..-.li
Hon. II. S. Uonncll,
iUB:aWa4hMr.CbvtiMllBmtt
wry m Ar Torijrir.
D. ia rW Hm af lftfaruUs
Jfj tt, . - ,
rrtUK l am re iiui ia u.
IV House "to mt iew of the
ioauiu:iaU tpe-lions, growi
inr mil frf
rr the Ua'
ihe larre-ston of territory under
treaty w iih Me.ien, I am aJoping the ru-
..-.- mnA ATla-fi animMitiiia'- iitlriulti -
a at
i.a JtDM. he in this ILdl. lit ar ea:
i a iinrv. Mil aMU-n ttntnaiiii lailnultijw
Illlirnu
at lra.i. 1 tratl rati U brj ete it ia ,i.
rnrf Hilu
Mv TtiJ'tajtie ffm the 6fiH Cangi.
j l the ll'tia. t diffrrcnt timta d trinf
linitt d triii
" . r . . -
. . - ... a a
of a inajimtr l me people M tne dUte
------ . , ( -
whirh he aad I. ia part, represent.
.e .ea au, u,e P-r,o. o, u,e
: zfz rrzrxv
ilm Ioue r !! reply ! him.
l.tnm.1
f.-cl 4i li'ierty to remain ailrat any Inncrr.
1 he eilntrIiary nun tier ia i
lu rctteried aputi thoe wht d
hi a. rrauirre aa aner froin Mine
u H-fire we pi hark la our eonrtituenu.
fii.l day'j
the plea.
1..... :..
He laade aptli here on the
if Jane Uit w hich I did not have
lua wi.ti her nunc l'r the entlurse-nent
of sn'H opinions as he ihe.i amwi
-i. i
ru( '
t-g him to rememiter that he repreen's
hut one l'o'ifrfMhin il distriet. I-t I im
speik lor that. ! I shall notobjert; But
he p iks of the State a holJ-ni the opinion-
of Mr, o!k on tin siljct of intrr
nal impmtreaiems at the verv timetht
we InmI ap-n on de-k the rendaim is of
her lat ltj(ilalure iequetin ua to use
onr egertions in nlitain an appropnatioii
from Congies for the pnro-e of re-nrn.
nil one of th inlet- on her eoaat. Not
content to direg)id her eipreseil wioh;
mv, mie, o;enly. 1 had almost said, re
pniaclifullv to thwart, it (t as h
Id
ap-cruca pain ine wnia-pvaivin w"ii
I . .1.. .. ..! .
tuve a .e,le..,y to do it, he in,... miyep-
re.ent her tews npou the subject, and un-.
varratiuhly invoke her spotless inme to
stippnn doctrine, which, b, ; her a
he had jtist lepndwied. I hose ennstt-
ttieiits of mine who hare been tempted
to real fits remarks, liivf he en, no uouiit.
... .a . ...
iiatinn of the CnnaiiMiinn. . Ul me in-i
IZrZZZl.V m. am li,;
a,. ..a .. I.a..ia k..l nf .I.Lk I,., a I., " HIITCI 1 H'lCUl ami IIIIII C l UT UrrMi . . . .
sure f hearing but of .which I beta in j . . . bul f.pri ,yBoi,imcwly a ill.
n.y hmU a pniitfd run-. Ill this he ea 0 , ' rUlrn ., l',,on """ r" aw. a law in a niniriil-r kind of ruU
,' i,i..-,if a"i:., r. I... emintrred. t woulJ not, gn-p at the ,d,w ' 1 P'""rwl"r r.1"1.0' rul-
r-piwni linn-elf as speakinj? " rw his . . , . .ul-i4iiea ,l "rule of anion. preerrilM-d bv the
own Unrein, and I reineinHrr, als , "'""vf: "T . 'supreme row in a Kim-Tldeiatha
tt. il in X fin Ilia 1 1 ill nf J-.nii.-v ' 1 ,, miT r,a,M ,u 11 haJ " ",l 1 5 , ' 6 . 1 .
th.i in t spe rh on the II I of J-nnary, iup,Mirr fuillje(i 0 . w iia. ; c ry knul of tul meant by the CW
u,oyhe..,hjlof.n.ernahmpo.,e.neu S S2m" My rol-0uue. fdlowin, the
h- ,lsn r,Pre.ent. h.s o,M.,.on. .. the Ku Jilai. ' &'orfrom
opinions of the Sute. nw eame she 1 1 , ,. ,",;r " imi irgi-iaie l., j- ... ij-lhi.iii. . ih.
it ahilinar wiienilKlsneaemmintKl.te r ,. . ' , . , were" di-viloord" m a sneer h.mai -Am
tartl-d to find their own Stale declrin?. triith ws itoelf an elementprv principle in 1 1 he ProP"iy which a government has
that alumni all the lighthmises and light-; , -C1.n.-.jn itin M Well as i.hilo-o-; s trrriiory ! not annply m the estate
boat, on her sounds and her liver arej j j WM nn a juje gt8rte, at a pro- 't n,ere l,"e 10 ,ne " ' '"e
there, and hare hem th-re aince the be.! 'lioillalwucewlil,hoiljppn,1i.;rm ery right of sovereign rnm-
irinnin. nf the Ooverninenl. in dirt rtvin- "... ;,-.,-....;.,:. nr;.,.in. mnd.. If tlie title lo every acre 1 the
form mveotleague tint on lho-e waters a dev.iped ' again. Not being very well be ",c e"tory belonging to the Untied
ship of war ran never ri.le unless Con- j skiled in m.Ul,,,y8ic-, have not vet ful- j i!'ales' ,,d ' w,,r iUi Pr,PPrl' deno'
eres will impiove the inlet, on the eoiM. ,y comprehentled what it was when it had m,,!a,ed property. In therery menage
The buhls there ean never serve onr na- one hr h mv e,tynn6t crucible, and under eonsuleratton Mr. Po k.inhi unsa
vy. and are, therefore, accordinj to hisar-l 0lllC 0llt j" ils 'MXr for,. Cn, ,his pro;tisfa;tory account of the nl..e of our ;h
Kiiment.'tinennsiiliitionnl. His DenHKrat-1 -,.....1 ..t .,M.t .... ,r. qnisitimi.. arseris that it is this very sove-
' i
ic frien.l-, who have the offices there he-
. . .1 l . . I ' r .... .1
oeacons for our navy, ami the same
light should happen to ave a tiader from
shipwreck, why. it's all well enough. He
will not complain. The . Government
must torn away from the erv of the sink
in. mariner, unless he sails under the
bays, and throw a welcome radiance over j
the maddened wave. 10 guide the sailor
nn hi. natldes. way. are lo be extinguish-i
vu, and there is no eoiiRtiiiittotia
which can such liglila " relume
c-irc lo direct my remarks lo
W'liitdi I hava in mv hand, mid w
ports 10 have been made on the first day of.
" ' - 1 .1
June hist.
There is in this speech another matter
much more objectionable than lhe one to
hieh I have alluded. It ia the unrhari
tahlenessof accusing those colleagues who
1I1 (Ter from him on a emistiiutiniial ques
tion of de.erling heir constituents. In
. I . . - . . . .
order thai ho may do t!a. that lie may j
n ive so mi excuse Tor Ihe intrmhitttion of j
"itch m mer, he refers on thai lirst day of'
June lo a speeoh thai was made by hia
collca-rue in the Senate, (Mr. Uaookr,)
on the second day of ihe same month.
He resorts to the proceedings of the Se
nate, to lind the excuse lor introducing in
to hi printed speech a sweeping denun
ciation r all Southern gentlemen who
were so uuforiunate as to h ive an opin
ion upon a constitutional question tlilTeritiv!
from his. I ri rer to ilus singular instance
of c!air im uce, or lia'.ever .' it ma y
ein-c iney nave ocen io ineir pany nao i iraji-tions in hia remarks, which would "n,r r ""l""''': ............... until altered by the Uovernnieni ot tne uniteu
Dogberry's watch. "good men and true." j j,,Ve otherwise hopelesMy nnulr d me. hof r" m"-v m-v ft,ll''il?",,im" ! " ' "j,irnii'iii of thi ri.ht, Inch wimlil 6iaiei.",
have been alarmed to learn from my ho-1 e art, .;,(, (he riisition that the only ' t,,al Congress has the general right of; practically destroy, or unjustly impair it. j slavery ia mtin;eipal regulation. The
anrahle colleague that they are sleeping ! .-j4a,jvf pwer which Coltgre-s ha oer kg'"!-'""" ov" ,,,(' iPrritoro ?, and so does. On the other hand, while- the, toleration ,of ,rje lohe found in the ease of Prtga
in tmconoiimtional berths - and trimming ' ,j lPrrj,ry Df t,e United Slate, "under ,he s,'n!,lor from So,nh Carolina; although -f of slavery would not prevent a citizen of ,. -pj Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
unconstitutional lamps. We may erect J lhe f;oll.,1;l,.;on no al he found in the I l,,e. ,l0 noX der,vP ,hal frnni ,hei lhe free s,a,e r'om ,,,prP' 'ro-, reported in I6ih volume pf Petcra' Uni
airinPB ami .1... .n,l wa.ra iIia nnifiirm i Sneaker after Mi. Uo-a itt a hour expired, in the ta:rhv. withhohltniT from the people of Ihe available to hoth serltons of the
ifl.n, n..- in .1,.... k........a ..nnn il.- course of an eiplsnadon on this subject, said that,! t.rrito'rk-s anv voice in the enncttnent of we ean only in a nsirtition hope for
.ii!. ty i:... , ... r..i hi PMH-h. on ,h. !rt J.nn..n h", nm0A.10 i ihe lawa that" are to novern them. The tain eotialitvs.f nariicimlion. The
".....a,.,,,,---,,-,,,,-,,,,,., ..v. -vnafcir, but ha in hia mind dwUnguwhed Whig , .T. - u ' e u I ,i.,
w th noMen li.rl.i ihe .l.rk recesses of her . ' r ' .1.. si-...u a .k.t le.islattve power is all vested in their gov- cation, however, of these, and other
W. tYsuse euVrt-ia ll tun opinio.
taj ll' JKCf M a "Hgw OTef trnitary
WoOfUif to the I 0Hrd State WtorbaWT
Sih Lr)4tnt, awT wliirli r3WI
j3iuii p:rwU4i; anj brriwe 1 think it
( tlut la iJr. IUIjcit Uic f-l sImmiU U
i nottj btit wbrrt wr .!Wie rrmarlt
) . v . TT". . - 7 .m ..
-.,i vjn ciurr.
y 4natir to lmw ih-u it i
,Imw ho ,ft 'sb 4'w 'w
da and
the de
J
'
ifrtfft, Iw liat pulle4 down t'e fl-e.,
. Bill lrrffi.lMal. Ihi All ulI
aA !"
tt pu4 'iivft
w wmiiit uric iriuru
i i - vi i.
",rrT7 ' ,e nT lhe Cuu,h- nJ
. mittnl hi enatimeui. pnliiieally, to th
! Ul' irjr i4" lh Xonh. Ja Join o, ahll
' ",,rj
"r Miimw'Mwrai n me mioi
i ..- v... i.:n i
a via aaa aw ana wnaie 1 1 . a annari
known as the
... ...., .
; . -
; . " - r - -
Awcni u imenia iie. io one in
. iiaV
P""c owe mra-ure mat wnuiu tena
i . "
ui caiui me punin nun.i nin tin exnt-
lo TT' ,h i- "'OU' 'V 1 ,C'
" " "$ 10 " 5,nB,"f "f -nher eon.
lw more violent and more lobe dred
. -. .
piiiuuiin in ui iiuii-y oiait, anu wiuioui
..... I t .1 i ... .i.
einxe ns of the .lave Sutr s hare a ri.ht to
erry their sl-es into the territory hi long.
inirmiha L'n!il Sbii. an.l i!.i ilmJi.
the United Suites: and thai tho'e
would be' regarded and i roierted
s proneriv by the CWiitutinn. A-
the.e a'as a l.w in the lerriiorv
al.trs w
there as
t. . . ., ... ..,',
t I ....... (. III... -a .. .. I . ..a ... I. a. I .
the i.i.m unon Thi. I bt-li-vi.. ia iho
d.icirine. of mv ridleaeua. I n nf-.a if.ai
I am Not sure I r-pr-s.nl hi.o e-aeilf i
for. although I have read hi. remark,
agnin and Lin. I am nt .HtUficd thai I
luve e.trarted Ins iIe npnn the pomu "
I was p,.z..ed at the outlet. He l-ya
.i i. a..
:" ,:. . ........ i. ,i. u..;.
f M nent ,'hlf a'ud refUarkaUe
. , i .
&ZS3$Z
w, -.u.factw.-eoncl.a.iona ar thoaa which ars
formal from aura a uVvetoptnenU'
-.i.,..,..! ,n fin-ilh:.! it nficrwanls lo be
luuilll l iniij -n w, saiws-.i saw ,a"
tfTWaX t., reconcile some arpent eon- i
. . ..'
clase which declare, that
, ,
i 'ongTera iiaii ,avC ul!,,nw . ..
. sill nsaAiifiil mlM aniii rstiil.t inn at rsfnvsarl.nr
the territory or other property belonging to the
Mr. Vsiciisis. who was recognised by the
a.-.... ... -- - w.- - 1- a
afterwards that Mr. Badger held the same opin-
ions, had, in writing out his remarks, made rcfe -
?" to . .
. '
lurkv.
Mr. Daxru denied that Mr. Underwood had
then sH)kcn upon the subject. The Register of
laa lh. lataaa-aktaB a.l.AraBa.l .laat K-k amw naaaaia-A.1
debates in the (Senate showed that he expressed
his views upon this subject on the third day of
June, Iho day after Mr. Badger's speech. '
Extract from the Register of Senate Debates,
June 3. 1848:
Mr. Dav to-. As the Senator from Kentucky
is so iiisun'JUisneu lor tits nruieiouniai icuuunuu,
ven"as his statesmanlike views, I am anxious
,0 diatinct enunciation of his principles as
to the ri.ht of the Federal Government lo ex-
, .! i , c t. . r : i
elude slavery in tha territories under its jurisdic
tion. Did I or did I not understand him to admit
the existence of that right! "'
Mr. INnxawoon. I aihnit that, during the
existence of territorial governments, you have a
riuht to legislate for them within the linvts of the
Constitution of Ihe United States. It is said, how
ever, that thore is a constitutional prohibition to
the passage of a law prohibiting slavery in a ter
ritory, but I am Inclino l to think there is none; I
am, moreover, inclined to the opinion that slavery
cannot exist in a trrritorr 'it!iut the psntivc
sancti n sf law tolei ating it. 1
anirn iia . . . . i .1. . 1 1 . .1
L 1 tai.aivia I II I an r mai iiiu aa a ataillM . ar
ih iiI.ii I a..u.ia,l I. .11 ... . i.i;...i iriiiiiiii inuiri inn
, ,,,; aiirrenJn of the rhimeor the South, a -ii ui pr,.-rru 10 auinn. mrn
iucr irom . ...... . it mual iiiimaarilr full umW ilMa-rin.
nnmej itrariienMia nan inrown wii 10 rniangie . -.. r. . V -r
iwir III , ..-. a. luin or limivilr nrnmliil tn hw .
- - - a - aw aaa .a-aa a. ! aaui W . " - . ...
iar jiii!! aja a- 1 am naa n ar anaia n ra , - a
! In in ainmtiiMl v I had SiinnnvM th:it
I nower . . . . V ,,.,. 1 wtin Hint wnicn inieiprets.ortieriarea me ituranon h mni ioon ui uic rtiri'i em-u
" I i tw.-M that Ha-aiath had sat tKaa fima At--ariMl niai linsi ' ... ... . . . . .
1 m a 1 irav arr 1 iinniMi in ir ina n n e r-afanrainr : . 1 . 1 ... . . . 1 . 1 . i. a. t . 1.. . j 1 a . s 1. a ....
: 1 2' ,nf, re- Mms ncv.cr " tt:
the ipeech hi, coiieatjue alludetll to uetermine myroie agatnaiu. no one hw mo ui teres is many -n:uwn nc
hich nur- Mr. Yiinu said, to Mr. Underwood, of Ken- who advocates this bill ran deny the right country, or of any individual ol tne com-
1 luted Fittr sl ifetLit m fLia CinlM
eaatjsj-i ee a MiKtf a. cls-aa
i "1 l4 Malta ar rf S-y nirtf
tmtmm mj trrpn In fir l.ua.ftrf
tTftiW' hiamU ibw i! Mf liu
our Irrnlory. Wiinj iM iU UUt Ug
lraiaofiliounfafi.1 uiiiMPg .
Ilk , tit ll to rttht tmkrnj
kk tnV u .i rk Mn.
,M arJ trnilMT. TK frmir f rU
.Caked Vtam ariuiv. it. and ke
ti ritM ia'
it, Cmifttfl Vemgtrm
..j T . .1 . a
,r"i' M,IB Cmw. I Ck.
i , Ami. ia a tuueaurni ran at i.ia m.'
I s i -
i TIT - . . . .
TVre rsAl Bdilini.ioa rtr anv IrrH -
.a A j. .
lor nf ihm I 'nib J Kim nkuk U mt f- ..4l
one the iei.Il
, .
' ' ,B r5vtnrni icu npa lruthMre
.,he,h,r apoa truth -denlo,
arouire." Inngi iih it. nr.ni;utr. th-
riillil Ia irnti-rn Iprrilorvr ! I IaI ima il.-i
i - j "
lJie rUlls. ia ,h(f (:, nMiluUnn ponfm .
p- -ron on. .m .o.n
liiia lar ItTTiInrr lu-liniaini- in il.o limi.il
" , : " " -
. - - ....... -
vimaiiiuiHint
Eld iaC
!,f .oru u "
law ere ruirM tnrr - are
w a -
II the book. The word rule,
primary aente, is more romprtliru
hi.of the l.n.f Jum. , ihiii ihi.n..w
,
er IS rt-Slrli'ifii to khcii ruha aa am wt-ei-i.
10 !',P0't of " J-n,!' l ' n 1
on tor ii; uui ne iiaior train Nwtl.
1 -"dma dues. I liai Sf mmr erli tl.ai
ro,,,w t ss-erls that
ernis ndes a..d regntaiums are not
l,P,,ca,1, w ,Coeriimemt -ihey are
"T" rP,,?'1 tonsmuuon;"
"
tlu-y refer to properly, thine', or some
Pess, kucIi as rule of emir!." I find,
w TOenct w me ioj.sUaU.ion. power is
'ven ft--f 'ihTu
nierre ' w es.abli.l, in im.lorm rule o
?" " '
, ing captures on land and w atft;" M rules
- .
' ,r ,he,?;.f"
forces." J he
ernmcnt of the nnl and nav.l
hnnnrahle Senator is, in mv
.'!. equally unsound in hi. arg,.;
t incut, that the words or other properly
' mukl ilrirl ih nnupr u hirh anulu aiem
.ohe givf,,y the term. "rule, and re;
?"Ilwns. inasmuch as they show thn
those term, relate to the territoiy regarded
a propriijf miij i nc auacr ia u um-.
,aml n;M' bpcn granted away, it would -till
a 'll.
w.h,' h we.have acquired ihiaro,,
Ml Hi.laia iiwtimnilM ra Ilia IMI.I ' 11 11
i . . r . i. . n Ti.ta'
jcpra wwuiw mc wun
iornproinn?e mil, as u is rancti, uuiiiiia n
, tlTongfkft ,Hmut)n. t makes a
6 ..!
- '""n 01 governmeni 101 wirKon, v-a.oor-
j nix, and New Mexico. In New Mexico
and California it establishes a kind of oli-'
m r . . . . r - a st 1: r-...
ernors, secretartes, and judges. This aim-
' !epublic".n feature of the- bill, and lhe
amalgamation of the pow er which enacts
. 1 . ... 1 .I."
01 t;oncrets 10 leetsiaie nnon ine euo en,
ror :. Don HSSUmption that its
; cnarac,ter n, a compromise is founded. It
1
ia 91 lenai intended to make the imnresstori
at the north, that it affirm-the prohibition
of slavery in the Territory of Oregon for
a limited lime.
If I may be allowed a digression here,
I will commend to the attention ot tne
House another extract from mv col-
league'. speech, whtch.whcn taken in coo-
nection with his subsequent vote, afford
another strikinff examnle of hisoowers of
vaticination, as well ns the practical appli-
cation of his doctrines ahont truth :
I know that it i asserted; and that by south-
ern statesmen, that Congress has unlimited now-
er o'leitilation over, the territories; but if this h
true, then Congress, may, by law, eommit the
entire government of the persons ami propeity
i.. Ika larrlloriflC 1st I 111 Will BirtrT'a llllll VlilUm.
III VII V- S.I I IK" .v-i .w ..... - a-
an t thus
present the arnimaly of a despotism cro-
, suined bj the C'enstsution lfc.e.f,-a
T4 ii'
! c W wxt-. rs to
MwntMrMMi i varr) iaaaT liar ntii
ibUarj-terrj uta' ,
.f (.wdrt. ta fiate lutovra ih U
mil b rKeJ rp.. by o.n rsrtv
b4fl trn isf i!,r Ifj;iiiit yomrttf
J!sir. ia luur Birn;u. of t f,f. r-
ei in fe. ht vrra ts b lh maturr
. 7 :
, l" " I ' "
t iot. tm t'-e
m.liiaiiia the nrrrie 4
9wh pnarr
ill aliMh he
amiripatrj iu
He ! ! the irion
ftrtiiT, and rutittnl tha - f-!b-r,-
i -- npimrwrnii
i.ut iiicr ... .
Hi.
"' "rM,P,,J "7 ,,?J'?
tote
' uril l!.f aioiinit la Ur thr tn' enna the
aa
a. .a . . . aa.
staUil-ed. what is there loeirrpt m si
over tlie sutjert f sl-verj ! No one eon -
iriius tnai iiiere is any upri s cI.i.n in
the .4 onstilution whirli ao nstrieis it.
out Toien upon imtri e.eloped." .!,trry4 in the absence of all legM-iiioH
The poaer of ernrr-illerUUti-o beipe'bv f 'oneress anon tha sul icrL I hU
Why, is nt the power of 1'angre-s i-er rircuinsianee,"slavrry can ever g' there, i another, aa to their iritnicipal laws, hy
the teirilories s great a the er of a winery will cease to niat. when sUre j providg ng iini is elTert in psnictlir
Stale Ja-girliliir oer the State? No on j labor w mlured to hunting hear and set-lease. It is ditliridt to see how tha re
denies that a Sutr Iginlatme may forbid ling hraisr traps. If our lerriiiTi d arqui- luioti of the Fintes to the lerriMries i.
or estaWit-h it wri hin ti e limits of il.e,iti"its l ad been confined lo I rrgon. ex-' more intiniite than that of the Siates lo
Slate. h V mar iwl ( Vmiriesa raerrise
the same power over the teiri oriiaf i
said by the Senator fiom Sunlit Carolina,
that the restriHion is to be found in the
nature and object, of the In-sl. I admit
inai ir e oweis ot government are a liuat y. l. iM my vwee pre a l,tliey s!ot.M j rr ry j,, t rp,y different ihing. As far aa
in ihe hand, of those who ronMinite the j never become a part of our country. We! ran underMund it, it is a state of servi
legislative branch of tl.e (;oteini.-.eiii. lint : mi.ht yet throw away the worthless ae- mdein which the rreditor.by law, puis
this ia not a trust subject to the sano- rules quisiiioii. - A. a (egi-hlor. hon ever, I ! ihe dih'or, to he lerniin;.ied upon the li
which are estaMixhed by courts of equity J must h k at tilings ;is tliey actually will jquidation of the d;hi by the Ubor of the
to govern ihe rehtioi.s of the triusee to ihe eiist, not as I wotdd liaie them. peon, w hirh debt is so roan-ged by the
re'i e.e rr.. It i a lntl vi pnmi; W ithout some arti-ii by Congress. ean creditor generally, llwl it arruiiiuhtes in
eouirollid by its ow n piinripleK. and the slavery exi-i in thoe territories! If le- iicad of dimiiiihing. With us the slave
trustee ia the supreine power. T-ke, for rd authority is of any weight it ennnot. (cannot rnntrari with his mater, and of
example, the cae of put lie. property in the Ulackktone thus writes on the suhjeet j leoiirse could not be aubjeeted under that
liamls of the Covt-ruiueiil. to be di.pnH-dj "It bath been hclJ, th-t if an uninhahited .law, iinlers, he first be-ome frte. Afri
of by sale, w ith a view to it. settlement eountrj be dieo-rel awl Ranted by Eugliih Jean In very, s it exists in the Snmherti
and idiimate admis.ion as a Slate into the subjecta,an the EniflUh lawa then in being jhicli states, was (orbidden in that territory l
Union. The inm does noi. by the sale, jre the ljrtW5Uiaw.7 ,he lhm S by pejon J f f
attHcIi itself exrlu.ively to the fund which; -But iVr re,U coun.rie., that r country. According to the princt
artee rrom Hie, sale. Ail lnterel in Ihe have already la of their ca n. tls Kini nwy. . pics of internulinnal J-wmIK- d-rt.ina
lind is am lust; its nature only ichang imtr-rt, a.ier, or rhan;e thoes tswasbuttillneiliMwiof our rour's. the only laws which, !$
Ilia the duty of the Government to look sctua!! cbante lliem, Ihe ancient lawa of tha faelo, vei antmlled, were, the polttici.1
to the law. w liicli ate to govern tl pur-
..n...r. in il.a .... ..f r.r..i,-rtv. hntli
. .. " - - a. .-a. r.- ,
with. rp-ei u lUfcir mlalions . to
;.l .. .i ...
lima ; mi uiw
another and to the Ciovernnieiit.
mt., ,!lmi;sl
n r-
pun fcitaW'tjfaitJit iS itt
Oihcrwise. yon would make it obli.at.
ry.upon the Uovernmrnt so to ilirpoae of
it as to make it bring the largest sum of
money; without reference m ny other
matter. Vatul thus lay. down the prin
ciple:,: . '-"V
" All the members of a community hare an
equal right lo the uae of the common property
uu. mt: k7 vi cuiiiiiiumij HKijr niaar ih ii
regulation on the manner of eujovtnK it a they
tiiink proper, provided that theae reiruUtiont are
n... u. i i r .i :. . t.
not incmiMbtenl with that equality which might
to bepreasrv-d in a community orprf.perl,,
-
" All the members of a Inaly havin. an rqiml
right to their common property, each onghl to
have the profit-i of it in a manner Mat doe not
injure, in any manner, the common nae."
Thee principle, applied to our action
on the subject of slavery, w. tihl seem to
indicate a fair rartiion of our whole ter-
... r . .
ntory, wi I, a reference lo Hs s.tuai.on.
soil, and climate, as the true basts of a
Compromise. It is true that, strielly
apeaking, the exclusion of slavery from
Iheu rrilory wo Id not exclude .inv citi-
. w. . - ...
.n.l-.l .!. i:.... ... i.:. J.
" '-.V'." """
j'o.ea men inijcciionaoie poiun-ai aim no
eirencnmhpinces upon the tenitorv, as.
... .
.... a.. : 11 1 . : a .. .a
,rac :any. woiiki c.r.uuc nun. a
would seem, therefore, that lhe s .me por-
tion of territory cannol be made equally
I n ton.
or ob-
annli-
prin-
triples relating to government, t- a mallei,
which addresses itselflo be sound discre-
turn ol l.pvernmcnt itsell Itt ihe ' ap
.: .l" ..li: ir...a
uiuouy, mueaa hib intone uin-
rintisly demands it. In the dischar.e of
this trust the Government may err. It
i . n . II
mttV evert abuse lis iwwers. tlut couiu
its action he declared hy our courts to he
unconstitutional? On the contrary, :.it
I would be the abuse of a constitutional
power; a violation of the principles of
good government, and not tne assumption
i of nnenntilntional power. The inthgin-
ed rights of the North or the South are,
at hrst, hill tights of impeil'ecl obligation,
They could noi be enforced. 1 will leave
this part of the subject with the remark.
' that the southern. Stales themselves have
heretofore nettl oti the assumption that
Congress had the power to legi-lale on the
Mibjeet. Passing over the Mis-onriC Hit-
pr0,nise. 1 refe-i ,0 ,1 rrs9ion of territory'
,( ,h Uni,t g,.,.. of
.
ln 1 m"m' "
adoplimfof UteCoiWtltillion. i hey both
aa 1 . . . I- . .L
! Zen fit I ho slr. ulna rutin spltlmir in ihe
. : . ... . . people ami weir sovereign, irin nii-ii m mrra
liii-ljrr.!r. l!W.I.4 w-.H,t3e't utwiuuim vWh tVrirJ !tt r!'ic
HHicr. S-ix arl JahakMi au4 f)rj?wa i 4i-atiu, povrr rr lite sufjvt ii'iJa
IlaaVina, l mte-livt simp la lr! my rcri!l th Iiitnw nf i Stju. nJ irfrta i'm
teagae
la llrfj'iuia llawKint . or , cilera i4 lit iii-ti'uttoit iLe Su e
wy t4 l-w rrfpriL! !refuUutiiKnwrlif. 8f ! C!iwt U prfifuMi-
how tnary
are now in llie dini
there U a rmvi-o mt roa
rrgkMiH-a nikuc, or 'O ie n.Je, lv von -
(nrss, shall lend to eni.nriiiaie slires.
Tli is adn.it. the pnw er to le ia f 'n.res.
and it rtiirs also that, in those d-ns .f!eaeof biH.i.f e.rhan-e, drawn by aeiu.
eiinj.Iirilr.a- regul-ti-n W4snol thmiglii sen of one Suite upn a citizen of anih.
to be a riry dilTerrnt ibing fictn law.jer Sute, we apIr the law-men-ham as it
Al all events, a heihrr a hw rnt, it was ;opertes upon (ore. en hills. Hie reconls
dimighl rouiprtherisire euuuU loabdih!and jndirul proceeding i.f the courts of
t lar i v. lone of the Sia'ea wwdd be regarded btr
Let us niw see whtt is the condition Jlhe rm:rts of any other Slate at the re
of Hie territory of the United States as to erd and judu ial pioeeedtng. of a fo
direct my rett-.a'k. to New !ei'u and
: I 'al foroia. Oregon is only impurUnt lo
j tl.e South a. a part fa ppne.l eouiprif
'rniae. Nohtiila helicvca ihal. linger aiir
. teudeil even to 51" 40. wa ahuuld not now
be ddd-er-i'n g ho w ti e Hrpidilieis tobe
saved, ew Mexico stud California are
the apple, of diword. We are already
j reaping the bitter fn.it f oatinn-4 eupidi-
w,,. .-
v" JO, as III liluuci couninra.
j-,.. . ,- - ........ a a
I :inel JiiKlien llarsli-ll. ill Ilia olil IIHMI
., ." " , ; ,
AinrrieaB imuraiice
.IWu-tfUt-a--- J ixaa.JiMilredand fifi.V eix
bales of eolion. (I 1'eiers Reports 542.H
aimpw una principle a uie ruio oi our
conns:
e Tlve naan of tha world ia, if a nation he nut
entirely aubilued, to eotuader the hol.lms of can
quered territory aa a niere military occupation, un-
iw a vniaiut aiiv iiwkiiii aaa wo-
til its fate ahall he determmeJ at the treaty of
peace. If it he ceded hv treaty the acquisition it
Anfirniii.t an.l itia aa.l. trril.irw K.rviiii a nart
' : .... " . . r .
,he , l0 wllloh It U StllirleJ, nther Oil the
.-mutated in the treaty, or on auch aa ita
..a.,.. .t..ti imaaa. ....k ,.r
HV" itirwr-ai; nainii iias-aaira vis au.ii viiuii a
proeriy it hia never been held diat the relations
of ,iie inhabitants undereo any chanire. Their
mi.,;,,,,, mh .i...:. r.,tme.r .lllv
eJ ,n,t new un, trt etf.tWi bctw-c, U,cm
tnj ,he Government which has acquired their
territory. The aamc act which tranifera their
Country transfers the allegiance of those who re-
m iin in iu sod the law which may be dennndnat-
ed pi'litieal is neceasarily changed although that
which rcguHte the intercourse and general con-
d(jc f ,,iv-llIua,B Kniain, in firfe untiUhcred
by the newly-created power of the State."
-Iths already been stated that the laws which
were in foice in Florida, while a province of Spain,
Ihoso excepted which v. ere political in their cha-
M.ilae irhmh i.ntarn-il thaa v-aTiatinrisi ha-f ia'sora thai
, It l WUM II VOII1.IIIIVU tlii iviattviia oiivvii ais
lem.iineil
.
ted Males reports, page tit I,
" By the general law of. nations, no nation is
bound to recognise the slate of slavery, as to fo
reign idavcs found within its limits, when it is In
opposition to its own policy, &e." - . , '
- If it does, it is as a tuattei of comity and not
a matter of international right The state of sla
very ia deemed to he a mere municipal regulation
founded cpn anil limited to the range of the 1 er.
rilorinl taws. -
The Constitution, il is true, extends
over all territory which the Governmeni
acquires, .Does it carry slavery there? I
have never heard il alleged Ihal the
Constitution established slavery; the ar
gument is that it recognises it; this is not
strictly true; it recognises the municipal
laws and regulations of the Stales which
admit it, as far as th-y have any opera
live force, that is, within the territorial
limits of the Slate. It goes no further,
except in one particular case provided for
expressly in th,esecon! section of the
foui-th article : If a slave "escape" into
lhe free States, he must, under that clause,
be "delivered up on claim;" his owner
may take him back to States where the
institution exists. He cannot hold him
in slavery in the free State in which he is
taken, any longer than, tinder the ei renin
stances', is necessary to carry him back.
If the Constitution recogni.es slaves a
property, wherever they may be within
The same doctrine is affirmed in Jones va.
VanmnilL McLean's R- fiOl. and in many of
the courts nf ihe Southern States. Lumford vs.
Couuillon. 14 Maitin R, SO. Rankina va. Lydia,
2 Marsh It. 470. The first the reports of the de
cisions in the courts of Louisiana, aud the last of
Kentucky.
HI i ri- r-ni.j ,ru irua Ktroiwgiiu' inpirtaii- anf aurli
'ou!iiion tint n.ijproprriT iulo aurli Subt. d ia exm
If ntlr, if Con- Iik, !hmiIJ Mthuk proprr to a!uit
.ietiee, a. sihmiij -iii-uh nroiter
I it. The reUtion between the States, aa
! lo their aiuniripal 1-w. i fiNen. In ilW
reign cmrt, were it am f..r an express rro-
.. .i.a ....: a : .i . . ' .......
. nmn ui inc ruijrri in Ola onlllUIltl.
The Constitution thus reefgn.tes, by this
rlanse, as well aa the one in relation to
laves whi hare escaped into free Slates,
sthU forein relation ol ihe States Ia ona
one ano'her.
By ihe law. of Mexico, as they existed
in the territories of New Mexico and LV
nf..inia. al the lime of "the acquisition,
j Afi ican slavery is prohibited. Peon ala-
,,, w4 M y -..eagne BlmiIi tj,al m laws
were en n geti except tli'-se winch were
. ... :.. a .i. i . ...... .
ineooniri wun me tyonaiiiir.ioii. ittiliK.
,hi , ,how, Uw pfohib;,in,
1-1.-.--, ,,,;. ,),- t '..,;,,;,.
In(,ep, jf HPrft liw hw , ,he Ar(h.
ern Slates aboli-hing slavery are null and
void. -j.
How, then, ean I doubt that the cotirW.
i . -
ul preseni state ot tl.e qnestmn, nntl
, " Hiintii some actum ol Uotigres-, would
decide that, in California and New Mex
ico, slavery. could not exUtf Enteriam
in these views, honestly and ronscten-
tiotifcly, whether they be. right or wrong,
i . - . .
' ,,ow ('0M,J ' hate Voted f.-r the bill?
Would I not be yielding the claim of tha
South, knowingly and wilfully ? What
right have 1 lo deceive my cnniitiients hv
voting for a hill to keep the word nf pro-"'"
mine to our car, and hreak it in our hope?''
Much less could 1 make lhe snciitice with
out some hopa that il would bting peine.
It brought no assurance that the wiiten
were subsiding. There was no spirit of
compromise in the manner il was forced
through the Senate. Il came to the House
branded with the spirit of intrJerance. lis
passage would have been the signal for
the cry of repeal. It would have mingled
itself in the Presidential campaign. There
would have been a stniggle to get a North
ern or a Southern nesident. so as to have
a Northern or Southern judiciary estab.
lished in these teiritories. In the provi
denre of God, a vacancy might, occur in
the Supreme Court of the United Slates.
The judicial ermine might have been
stained by political prostitution. At alt .
events, lhe weight and moral influence of
the court must have been forever dfslrny
ed in one section or the other ef the Un '
inn.- We have no right to throw the re
sponsibility of settling this question upon
the Judiciary, i would not permit.it lo go
there in any shape, if it could be avoid
ed ; certainly not in this, h has surprised
me very much to see those men who have
heretofore been repudiators of some of the
decisions of this court upon constitutional
question,., now seeking refoge under its .
wing. I believe it is because they dare
not meet the question. Sir, he w ho fal-
ters now is no true lover of his country.
Let us meet it in a spirit of calmness and
conciliation, not ith heated denunciations
and angry ihreais. Let us meet it with,
a determination in settle it, And we must
aured!y tqcreed, ,;.,.
I will examine lhe bill a little more tu
detail. The people of Oregon have enact
ed a code of laws foi themselves. These
are subject to onr contnd, nntl among
them is one excluding slavery. -The bill
provide, that these law" shall he and con
tinue in force until " three months after
the first meeting of the Legislature,'
When the Legislature meets, these must"
be re-enacted, or new law. made and
brought to Congress under the sixth sec
tipn of the bill for approval, tdavehojd
ers in the mean time cannot take their
property, and consequently will not settle
I there. The Legislature will be compose !
v. -