r
1
UNION. THE CONSTITUTION AND THE LiWS-TIIE GUARDIANS OF OUR LIBERTY.
Vol. XXX.
v-jd.i:siav, fcbki'akv is, iao.
o. 15 III.
1 II i I 1
IP
ill Ha
EXrWtTi FROM Til 2
Snoft'll ilf ATr riinornnn nlt CngieionaI election. ithis: That
j),tlU VI AUM vUHq liiulli tha Government of the United State, must
Of vot, , exact:, Jj0 ooiliinj xo sanction slavery; that it
ji (if if- ifETrfentMIm, 7Vjr . Jt-; most tlierefore ei elude it from Terri
22 '. V f "J.? torie. ; that it mut alo!iin h i the Die-
FlMt nUl"U l mm Ttrriiar- trirt f Colambta. fort, and ar-emds, and
Mr. Ciiai'nati taid. that the eoinmitteej wherever it has jurisdiction. Some, to,
was e I ,,e lJtOa yrvrrday',jrrying the principle to iu extent, insist
inaiaitcd a p "P io diveus tUe que- thtt the coasting slave tr-ide, and that be
iim in the propositions relating tlween the Sia'e, should also be abolish-
ti !! Mexican territory. '1 hat subject , ed. am) that slave labor should not be to-
was regndcd y the whole emmry asperated n a public office of the United vote, repeau-dly, from time to time, pass
one of urh immense importance that t 'State, toch a custom-houses, pott ofii-jed the Wihnot proviso, o at in effect to
ulTervd n j 'l"gy fT debating it. Ta.ett, and the like. As the thing all ob- j exclude our institutions, without the actoal
prevent inifOflccption, (aid hf.) I ay in ; viously rest on the aroe general dogma, pwage of a law for that purpose. It is
iJvame. that 1 have great eeua Jence in
l!ie j-idguent, integrity, and patriotism oft
who are llie people emiilej so to tlw iJ
as well as tlw lnue and manner of ad mis-
ioii ami boy iid ir y of new Sutes, are in
iheiuselvrs questions for the ttidgment
of j
Cougrrss un Icr u I the circuinstanres of,
the rrestucni. i lonncr au.uu imy me iy acre lei tie, I ie general movemeut to Uie desire to da so. to allow Hie individuals h4tin the riht now to come a
r.'i i ' w ssiiic tii i oi me se:ie. ueiore uus enu wa lucre, oy a voir, i exciuae a wuoie rwi DOln br land and waier.lheT have
,r ini'iufi-nuciiuu.uciic4ucMonircac!ieii, uipy wouui proaaniy appeno, as oi our citizens, mis wouta impir mat advantages and immunities. For if
at llinl W&lfttCil lil III IlMt mi-lvafrp. 1 III ' -,ifT :- I1. fieiaU,,Mj. tU- llta I'mci. I lit loenlAt a hjf.tirra.I Ia lltaw triawrlA llioraw ' . . . a .a
l im. . : . t . i
lion, in tiia cae l 1 cxas tier people
bchg rompo-ed almost entirely of citizen
of the U oi eil Slates, and luving had a
State government of tlicir own fir ten
years she was admitted at once as a Sta'e '
rntotne uuton. ia me present case, mere -
tance connected directly and indirectly
with our Ai'tiou on this subject. While
a I verting to them as fully a the time li
mited by our rule will admit, I ask the
kltrntioii of the House.
Sir. the force and extent of the present
ww v. .i cnut i
ivement or the North is not
the South. Until within
onths I had supposed th it!
ami slavery nn
understood by
the last few mmi
even if Ca hfornia and New Mei
.1
should come in ss free States, the agita
lation would subside so as to produce no
further trouble. fe months travel in
the interior of the North has changed nir
Vl'liwifu. kilLl. .a iiifw iiic viriiuiliuil VI
public eentitnent there, that the making of,
"'"' s-puiM..iewii any fenuemen win gcinere irom jriicri, iiowrrcr. ui inl ,l,e Union ill less than five years,
our first f .rc.gn aequts.tion. was reU,,d the free States that are not pledged to the , tm,, he re Is wor.hf of a pa-stng no.ice. j ivi Ul Kf , rffar .. ,
neatly ten years in that condit ion before j full extent of the abolition plaifor.n. It, ithin tlie list two years, since the mat-.J. fiiicen otes in the Senate. Thecen
it was allowed to firm a State coiulitu-j is. therefore," obviously the interest of all ter has become serious, it has seemed not ? , f0m:n- vear w;jf nndrr the
I ie Mexican tenilorjr all WiaaooJ-.'J " "e rquui looung. anu .
...,t,l h ,!,..! .. .n .iri-alan-rr tri.
. . i i i - i i
maM-ffatn-i oa. Ii in not difficult
' 1 perceive how that state of public senti
ment has been produced theie. The old
abolitioa societies have done a good deal
! poison the popular mind. By circulat
ing an immense number o( inflammatory
pamphlets, filled with all manner of false
hood and calumny against the South, il9
institutiotK, and 'its men, because there J
wa. no contradiction in thnt quarter, ihey iwerer. ot.jeci in mis, anussy mai mey ,r .rS.u ,. rc 9 , be exclude d, neTPrtheless,by the adoption
l-ad crested a high degree of prejudice jre ling to live in a territory where For thouglr the States are not bound to of the principle tlat flavery should not
gainst us. A soon as it became proba- lifn ow larc- ''hcn w of ' 5omh legislate aflirtuanvely in support of the be exUnt!e j in .rM Conceding, how
hie that there wonld be an acouisition of;? to them, that we will consent to di- Constitution of the United States, yet .it is hal j w j bolh lhp.e
tt-rrhory, the question at once became a
great practical one, and the politicians im
mediately took the mailer in hand. With
a view at once of strengthening their po
sitiiin. thcvKcixed unon all This matter
which the "abolition societies (whose aiditory. Remember, sr. that this very
both nartid courted in the strinwlel had
not n parties courtea in tne trug2 ej naj ,
fo -i i-hed from lime to lime, and diffused
and strengthened it as much as possible,
and thereliy created an immense amount
ofJioMilny lo southern institutions.
Everything there contributes to this move
ment ; candidates are brought out by the
caucus svstem, and if they fail to take
that sectional ground which is deemed
uwiicu
trons-M their, thev are at once discard- " 1 smallest portion oi tim tcrmo- ,u , ""T" "
ed. The mode of nominating candidates, j '7- Why. most impudent negroes, aboht.on.sts, and other d sorder
as well as of roii.luct.ng the canvass, is j proposition that was ever maintained by M persons, acting under the countenance
ilettiuctive of anyihing like independence
in the representative. They do not, as
gentlemen often do in the South and West,
lake ground a;aint the popular clamor,
and sustain themselves by direct appeals
to the intelligence and reason of their con
npndfiu.
stituents. Almost the whole of the nottli
.. .. .
Published matter on both sides.) and a ;
few other liberal papers, everything favo;
rable to the Sooth has been carefully ex
I lucled from il.p northern tinners. 1$V these
maa. . . t
combined effort a degree of feeling ond
prejudice has been gotten tip against the
South, which is njost intense iu alt lhe in
tcrior.
l was surnris tl last winter to hear a
frn press co operatcu in tne movement. ;geni iooeiieveuiaMiiiiiiaiiii,couci m mo
With the exception of the New York!lave or the master, requires that ihey
Herald, (uhich with its large circulation, j should be pent up within a territory.
northern Senator say, thai in the town in j have described lhe population of those
which he lived it would excite great as- Territories, and have represented itasbe
tonishment ij it were,known that a north- ling not only inferior to those Indian tribes
crn lady would, nl lhe time of the meeting that we know most of, viz., the Chero
of he Two Houses, walk up to ihe Capi-jkeea and Choc'.aws, but as being far be
lol with a Southern Senator; that they low the Flat Heads, Black Feet, and
hart been taoffhl to consider southerners
generally ns being so coarse and ruffianly
, in niani.rr that a iaily would not trust hcr
. self in sin h a presence. This anecdote,
sir, does not prevent too strong a picture
of the condition of sentiment in portions
f the inteiier or the- -northern coti'n-
'ryi -"H'v far gentlemen en this floor
ure to be influenced in this action by such
a state of opinion, I leave them to tte-
" The great principle upon which lhe
northern movement rests, which is alrea
dy accepird by most northern piditj' iuns
and to which they nil seem likely U-bc
f drien by the force of ihe popular current
there, if ih question t unsealed lilt the
it is clear that the yielding of one or more
points would not check, but would mere-!
j w. . , i.'iw v-
ulionKI not ppinl a slaveholder tn
office. It it, sir, my deliberate itihrintrnt
that, iu the present temper of the public
mind at the North, if the territorial qttes-
t ion remains open till the next election,
... l r
.Tus to settle this question at the present
'e:r.'on-. ..... J
I hat the general principle abore stated,
is at war nil the w hole spirit of the Con ,
stitution of the United States, which sane
turns slavery in several or its provisions,!
aar a . a
1 axing, however,
a practictj view of the matter in contro
versy, look for a moment at the territo. ial
qnefon. the great issue in the strugel-.
I will do northern men on this floor the
justice to a lmii that they have argued
themselves into the belief that tliev are
- - i
n Haiming ihe whole of the territo-,
f " fw " Lc me siatf, for a mo-,
menu lhe converse, or opposite of their,
. . . i
PTrtpo'tHoil. aonnose it were lo be Claim-,
cd that no one should be alloweJ to go
into this public territory, unless he carried
one or more slaves with him ; it might
then be said, just a gentlemen now tell
u, that it would be perft-ctly fair, because
' . . r.. ..
llJ man w,, " , :
m glll, ty mean OI having tllUS a UOniO- ,
reneoua nomitalion. udvaiwe
Ihe general
niierest. iNorthcrn men would at. once,,
I suppose, object to this arrangement !
sneii wesiiouiu say w mem, u you uo
-1 . i . i ., a .
not like this ietricli n, let it be settled,' provisions, by forbidding any one of their f ,erriiory will be made. Probably, af
then, thit every citizen of the United States citizens to aid in the execution of the la w, ,er ,he pgidemiaj elertinn we shall
may go into the common territory and
earrv s aves or not. iosi as ne n eases.
This would eem to be a perfectly equita-!
,,,tf J,1,,f f-'ir arangement. . Northern men,
vide the territory, and limit our possession .
wun slaves io a panoi ii, anu auow mem
to no at will over the whole. Even to
" n7 n,,Jt. nu insist mat titey wm (
not allow us to occupy one foot of the let-
territory was acquueu Dy conquest,
laid n II HO IIIV ttfiitllf 1- Vi i'g I
puliti -n, would have been required to fur-'
nish onlr one-third of the troops, it in
point of fact did furnish two-thirds of the j tion of Congress, they might thereby com-
men that made the conquest. And the'pletely nullify most of its laws. Ii this,
North, deficient as it was comparatively ' particular instance such has been the re
in the struggle, niw savs that its con-jsnlt; for though the master ia allowed to
srinre.or its enmditv. will not permit us ' go and get his negro if he can, yet, in
... - .
anv respectable body ol men.
Sir, I give the North full credit for its
feelings in favor of liberty. I can well
suppose that northern gentlemen would
resist, in the most emphatic manner, the
attempt to make any man who is now free
a 8 ave ; but I regard mem as too intern
..... i.r. i :. .:.i,..
which, after a time, will be msnflictent lor
their subsistence, and where they must
perish from want, or from the collisions !
. I tl I . . at..
mat wouiu occur ueiween me races.
iwijr
'can I suppose lhat ihey think it would be
'injurious to New Mexico and California
for our people to go and settle among
them. 1 Prominent northern statesmen.
both in this House ami in the Senate,
Snake Indian. I cannot, llicrriore, sup
pose that t iey really believe that those
territories would be injured by naving in
fused inlo them such a state of society as
produces such persons as George Wash
ington, John Marshall, and thousands of
oilier geat and virtuous men, living and
dead. Yonr opposition to our right will
he regaided as resting on the lust for po
litical power of your politicians, or on ihe
capacity of your people.
The idea that the conquered people
shouLJ be permitted to give laws to.the
vmqnerors, is so prepos'eionsly absurd,
that I do nol intend to argue ii. Doiibi-
less these people would t 2!mr, nt
only l exclude slaveholders, bat all tier
Americans, if, by a simple vote, they were
allow d ti ! 0. I may remark further,
dial tat f r the anti-!avery agiiat'on, our
southern slaveholders would hatt carried
their negroes into the mine of California
inturh ouoilers, ilmt I have i o doubt , ti,un, but aeemt to b purely wanton,
but Hut the mainly there would hive!worigiUJi:il1?i(1DU!M.eM,wartji,ieSM1,f,,
nude u a slareholding State. W e have ! ii w !,.!,.,.. .1,.. i
been deprived of all chance of this by the j
northern movement, and br the action
of this House, vhich ha, br northern
, a mere farce, therefore, without giving our
people lime to g into the country, if they
-w. ...... . w vi-.w .
exchwit ely, autl uol to all the people of
! the United State.
Compared with this great question, the
abolition of slavery in the Di-trict of Co-
.lumhia is of lit;le relative moment.
One
i - ir.. t ..r -t .: -i.
improbable that u,e scat or Government
might be removed from the n.strict. As
this would be extremtly prejudicial to the
interests of the citizens here, many of
. them have so far changed in their feelings :
as io oe wrung io mow slavery io ".wn(, in his dav controlled northern opin
I f i" . I
, anouineu,yieiiing io tne lorceoi uie pres-,
; sure from the North; besides, so ruanyitvren, prowiationw" of the Constitution
of their slaves are from lime to time taken ; wnic uu,jer mUj0 eircUHUlances, would
', y y the abolitionists, as to satisfy :pive Congress the power. Would not
; them that such property here is almost n,.,!,,,",- gnj the power, a easily as
jwoiilile-.. A great impression was matle (j have donft j tier gl3(e legisUtures,
'on them bv the coming in hist year of a ,i.. l
. .
noithern ship, and its carrying away se-
renty slaves at once. Seetag that there .
a no chance of getting Congress to psa(
ny adequate law lor ineir proiecuon, as
most r Hie Mates have tlonc, they seem
to be forced to assent to some extent 10
the northern movement. Sir, it is most
surprising that the people of the southern
States should have borne, with so tittle
I ... .. ... .
T"'" V !r ?". - n$?P -
7" '."r. ' V.T Z.'
smuwoa oi uie niieu oiaws proviucu ir
ne nueu oiawi prov.ueu ior,
of all such fugitives, and Con-;
I an act to carry into e.Teet
the delivery
eress passed
bt leccntlv, most if not all of the northern
xo ma iiapb rrr niaToi iiaiuimM s iipbh
w...v. --,
unucr uie penanj oi one anu imprison-,
years. There is probably no one legal ,
men i iur iuhe -nu hcuoot u.
mind in any one of the free States which
clear that they have no right lo pass laws ,
...c ru., u. ,
provisions. Private citizens are not usu-
- (
the law ; but if two or more combine to
iprevent me execution o any law, uey
mojeci iu i.umuoci.. iwr io.,m..vj
. , . wher. lh. rommon aw
doctrines prevail. If the several States
;couiu rijjntiutty ircisiaie io u icai uie ac
r... :. ii I ,k. .k
anu numoruy oi me owe laws, ic u.c
usually to overpower the master and pre
vent his recapture.
The extent of ihe loss of tho South
may be understood from lhe fact, that the
number of runaway slaves now in the
North is stated as beintr thirlr thousand '
worth, at present price?, little short of
fifteen millions of dollars. Suppose that!
amount of property was taken away from
the North by the 'southern States acting J
against the Constitution: what complaint;
would there not be 1 what memorials,;
ivitJiJllliaijitica anu iveisiomiw .vwv-.w..- j
would come down upon ns ! How would express sihrm at lhe prospect, they seek of this sum would be sufficient lor tne sup
this Hall be filled with lobby members, to amuse us with eulogies on the blessings' portorourarmy.navyandkivilgovernment.
coming here to press their claims upon of the Federal Union, and ask us to be '..The residue might be devoted to the mak-
Congress! Why, sir, many or the bonier j
couniics in the slaveholding Stales have
been obliged to give up their slaves al
most entirely. It was stated in ihe news
papers the other day, thai a few counties
named in Mart land, had, by the efforts
of the abolitionists within six months, tip
on computation, lost one hundred thou
sand dollars worth of slaves. A gentle
man, of lhe highest standing, from Dela
WHC aSSUICU IUC IIIC UlllVI W J 1 -
tie Slate lost,each vear, at leat lhat value of
ware, assured me the other day, mai mai in
such property in the same way. A hun
dred thousand dollars is a heavy tax to
be levied on a single congressional district
by the abolitionists.
Suppose a proportional bur Jen was inflic
ted on the northern States. How would
Massachusetts bear the loss annually of
one million one hundred thoflsand dollars,
not only inflicted w jihotit law. but against
an express piovision of the Constitution,
we nvy infer from the complainl she
has made of a flight inronve etenre im
posed oo her by that regulation of South
Carolina which prevented ship-captains
from rarrvinj fat ttgrot servaru to
Chsrlrston,
This whole aeiioo on the part of the
nr'.S ia haI ainli- in . Utlitii-ni nf f tn.
,jat tnwng tjlPOI . bVcane they not on-
ly make no adequate provision for their
comfort, but. in fact, in many of the States,
have forbidden Irre uegroea to come a
niong them on pain of imprifonmeut,&e
It cannot be a drcire to liberate slaves,
because they have ucer. In inr know
ledge, attempted lo steal negroes from
Cuba or Brazil. 1t is ime. ht.wever. that
.
mnna '
" "
arraii.
gir.lT
thev
vfiii iiiiii a ii ferritin niunirr. iiict wiiuiu
l
incur tlie tk of being shoi oi lunJ, as
robbers and ptrat a usually are.
Fhould we give way, what is to be the
result t California. Oregon, New Mexi
"-'
co, Orseret. and Minnesota, will come
ncw .ppor,ionnicn,f-i.e lmu nMrr lw0
t0 one ,h. ,loue U nl. immense
conlronin2 majrilies in both branches,
,1. mf,.nn0 k,i nfrnnU.
,1, gjatcry jn tie States! M r. Adams,
. . .a:,i .i,.,. ...... w.r.
micig iiirj uirg (urn iirw ,i,ii iu uui
if 1(J provi8l0n uf lhe con8titution foi
he pro,ec,it,n 0f fUJji,je slaves ? Uave
, proaiinent northern politician, of the
i,;., ni,:,;nil, .n,t .k. .... .nfl,!
enre wi)ge narnes are well know to all
gentlemen on this floor, already W
,jut mpre j4 notlxns - in ihe Constitution
f lne uniicd States which obstrurls or
0U2j,t lrt 0hsm)Ci the abolition of slavery,
uunui vi"ii.
r in the State t Supposing.
however, f.is si
should not occur, in twenty
whhnn, MW acqui8ilioni of
terriloryt lhey wouIJ fl ,he powt b
,I)e f Qg ufones( ,ve SuXe, l0 ,mpnd
lhft Constitution for that purpose. Cut I
a . . . .
nrtve no doubt, sir, that other acquisitions
e, ,iat parl 0f Mexico which lies along
rj..jr f, um v ri,,,, , . r,
w,irh ie(, to .. . fi.
ble employment of slave labor, we should
-oppositions, and thai "Congress would
nej,her v,jale t,e Constitution nor annul
;, ,i,
iia tuliit nr aval 1st BThflnl f SMutrtc
,0 be kept( lllcy My w,,.re u now H .
, we are ,0 . 8Hrrounjea u jlh free
States. These States not only prohibit
the introduction of slaves, but also of tree
negroes into their borders. Of course the
whole negro population is to be hereafter
confined to tlie territory of the present
fifteen 8ja,e S(il
twenty.five yea
utes. J hat population in
twenty-five years will amount io seven
or eight millions, and in .fi I teen years to
fifteen mill ons. However dense the po
pulation might become, the negroes will
not be got tea away, but the wealthier
portion of the white population ( I mean
such as were able to emigrate) would
leave the territory.. The condition of the
South would, for a time, be that of Ire
land, and soon, by the destruction of the
remnants of the white population, become
that of St. Domingo.
There are those
now living- who wou'd probably see litis
stale of ihinws s but it would bo certain io
overtake our children or grandchildren.!
These facts are staring us in lhe face as,
distinctly as the sun in the heavens at!
noon-day. Northern men not only ad-'
mil it, but constantly in their public'
speeches avow it to be their purpose to
11 vuii.v iiii v ci v oiaiv vi niig as
still for a lime. They do well, for it is
true that communities have usually been now in want of, and especially checkering
destroyed by movements which, in "lhe be-' our country over with -railroads. Sub
ginnning, inflicted no immediate injury, jerting the goods of lhe North to a duty,
and'which were ihetefoie acquiesced in till wilh those from other foreign countries,
ihey had progressed too far lobe resisted.' would at once give a powerful stimulus to
They have, too, constant examples in the our own manufactories. We have already
cond'uetof brute animals, thai do not stmg- sufficient capital for lhe purpose. But if
file against evils until they begin to feel . needed, it WfulJ come in fni abroad.
pain. I hey are doubtless, too, encouraged
to hope for our submission on accountofour
i mj.v i. wu.wuoiuiwi-ii""
i acquiescence under their former wrongs.
They know that the evils already inflicted
on us, to which I have referred, greatly ex-i
ceed in amount any injury that Great
Britain attempted when she drove the
colonies into resistince. Besides, sir,
their agressions have infinitely less show
of constitutional right or color of natural
ii o.Ui ihpv no nronose ia
too palpable even Tor our soniliern gene- ture, everything is directed to inanufactur
rosiiy. If af.er having been free forse ing. and the system is strained up to a
veiny yeate, the southern S atcs.were to,
convent tobeihue dcgcnVd and enlared.
mira4 of the put, "er mi a'eti the
scorn and mnleoinl of the tsni verse. The
mm f tkia jfnrmiion, who woulJ be
respoillet oof hi to be tipjJ ihrotijh
BtW J " ? cejrurs, I
luiut ou tuai li.ne i botot iu ur
district tht 1 think so ixeanly of. as 10
believe that he would ret frad.Iy come
into whatever movement might be neces
sary for the protection of our rights and
libeny. I ttll northern gentlemen, who
are in hopes that the South vti'.l be di
vided, that we shall not have half as ma
ny traitors lo hang as we did Tories in
the Revolution.
If gentlemen mean that the Union, vp
on the principle of the Constitution, is
i. . . . . . . . i .
w. wniroen nai
n. uutuie Li nion never coma utveueen
f j . .L :.. ...... t-..
iwinni wiuiout ino uruirii nwiiuuuuu.
. ,.
n Jou i'ow "J jwur aruun, jiMswmnj
aestroy trie constitution, tn'se inpireu, u
sble to resist, will not submit. That in-
stiument was ordained, in its own lan
guage, to establish justice, insure do
mestic tranquillity, and secure the bless
ings of liberty" to all parlies to it name
ly the freemen of lhe Union. If, therefore,
under its form, gross injustice is done, in
surrections excited, and the citizens of
part of the States politically enslaved,
then the Union ought not to stand, as an
instrument of wrong and oppression.
There is throughout the South a strong
attachment to the Union of the Slates.!
This sentiment rests not so much upon
any calculations of interest as on historic
associations ami the recolleeiion of com
mon central struggles snd triumphs. Our
people take a pride in the name of the
United Stairs, and in bring members of
the great republic that furnishes a cheer
g example to the friends of liberty
in
throughout the world. Uut the events or.mougni i couta eirn any conuiuig in
die past few years are rapidly weakening
this feeling.
Seeing that there appeared
to be a settled purpose in the North to
put them to the wall, many or our people,
regarding watton of the Union as j
U, Inevitable result of this aggression,!
aggression,
have looked forward to the consequences
of such a state of thing.
What would be our condition if scpaia
ted from the North? It is difficult to de
Ltermine the precise amount of the exports
a a i c,.a I .
of the i
slave-holding State, because it is,
tciicable to arrive at the exact value ;
not nntcticable to arrive at the exact value
of that portion which is sold to the free
Slates. liUt lne amount OI our leauing pamoiism, vtuose uut-r inuruerenrc an
staples being pretty well known I mean personal considerations will make them,
cotton, rice, tobacco, sugar, Sic we can , in Uie language of my eloquent friend
arrive at the whole value of our exports! from Georgia, Mr. Toombs. devota
pretty nearly. They cannot fall short of all they have and all they are to this
one hundred and thirty millions of dollars, 'cause."
and this year, perhaps, considerably ex-j But gentlemen speak of the difficulty
cecd ihat sum. This is nearly as much of making the boundary ; and the condi
as the whole of the exports of ihe United tion of the holder Slates of Maryland and
Slates to foreign countries. It must be re- Kentucky are particularly referred to. ,
membcred, however, that though the free( Undoubtedly each Slate would have the
Slates furnish part of our exports, yet that ( right to determine for iiself to which sec
which they do afford is scarcely so much as tion of the Confederacy it would belong,
the portion of ourown products which goes If these two States were to unite with the
to them for consumption. If, therefore, we' North, then, as it would not be possible
were separated, our whole exports to the ' for them to change their condition imme
North and to foreign countries pcnernlly, diatefy with respect to slavery, if they
would be equal to that sum. Of course' ever did, they would for many years, at'
we will import as much, and in fact do at leasl, form a barrier against the agjres
this lime consume as much. A duty of sions of the free States, until, in short, tho
thirty per cent, on these imports (and South would have become loo great and
most of the rates of the present tariff law powerful to need such aid. I take it,
are higher) would yield a revenue of nearly , however, ihat their interest would lead
forty millions of dollars. As lhe prices of, them to prefer an association with the
all manufactured articles are regulated by , South. With reference to fugitive slaves,
the production of the great work shops ol! Maryland would not be materially uorse
Europe, where the accumulation ol capital
and labor keeps down productions the low
est possible rates, I have no doubt but that
sum would be raised without any mateiial
increase of the prices which our citizens j
now pay. We might tueicfore expeml as
much as the government ol the United
States ever did in time of peace, op to the
beginning of General Jackson's Adminis
tration, and still have on hand twenty five
millions of dollars to devole to the making
railroads, opening our harbors and rivers,
and foor ther domestic purposes. Or, by
levying only twenty per cent, duty, which
the northern manufactories found ruinons to
them, as they said, under Mr. Clay' com-
promise bill, we should be able to raise
illinna of dollar. Half
wui. . as j - .....
ing of all such improvement as s -re
tngnsn capiiausis hyb uma ....
with factories. hy
did this occur?
,
Simply because provisions were cneaper
there ana taxes lower man m ..s.-u.
The same .motive would bring them into
the southern country, since both the rea-
sons assigned are much stronger in onr
case. It has already been proved that we
can manufacture some kinds or goods more
cheaply than the North. In New Lng-
land. too. owing to her deficient agricul-
point which u aitenueu wun great sow-
1 lisaJvanUge, so as to re'arvl porwlali m.
la the So-th it oecJ not be so. The cli
mate and soil ate very favorable to agri
cultural pursuit. Our slaves tbighl b
ehieSy occupied en the farm, wbde the
poorer class of our white population, and
a portion of enr females, coclJ be aJvan
tageously employed in manfarturing. We
should thus have lhat diversity in our pur
suit which is mot conducive t the f to
peiity aod happiness'of a people.
Our carry tEg trade vrid J probably for
a time be in the hands of the English snd
other foreigners. This, however, woi.14
not Is ft our disadvantage, since northern .
dun-owners now charge as much for
freight between New York and New Or
leans M they do for carry ing ii ui Can'on,
on the opposite side of the globe. The
whole amount of freight on southern pro
ductions, received by the northern ship
owner, has, on a minute calculation, been
set down at fortr millions one hundred
and 'eighty-six thousand weven hundred
and twenty -eight dollars (t 10,1 60.723 )
The whole value which the North denies
from its eouthern connection has been cs-.
limaled, by some persons most familiar
with these statistics, at inoie than eighty
eight millions of dol!r. Whoever loks
into the condition or the diucrent Mates
prior lo lhe formation of the Ui.ion, an J
compares ir-wtth their situation at first.
under low duties, up to the war anl tana
of 1816, anJ iu successors, highly pro-.
tective as they have been, will find the
facts full sustaining the opinions I have
expressed. Northern writers of elemen
tary book, made for school children, of
course Represent' things differeiilly, and
deceive the careless and ignorant. My
opinions on these points luve been settled
for a long white past, though I have not
j heretofore jbern in a portion .where I
1 O T . . - . A aUam. kt
UUCIIITC, ur CilCll HIT uva.iauic wi'jv i, tdj
giving utterance to them.
In throwing out these views, Mr. Chair
man, I hke not sought the uttermost de-
free of precision, bu I have no don
that all the facts will be found on e
bt but
that all the facts will be found on exami-
' nation not less favourable to my conclu
sion than I have slated them, My pur
pose now is simply to ptesent to northern
gentlemen such general views as are likely
now to be adopted by the South. Your
course of aggression is already ariavin
igainst yon all the highest min!s of the
; igainst you
South men of high intellect, and higher
on man i nave suown nsr to oe, u suo
were not in fact less molested. There
wouiu, nowever, oe some great counter
tailing advantages. She is in advance of
iuusi ui uie omucrn oiuic in loanuiav-
tures, and a duty on northern imports
would give her for the time better prices on
such things as now come from the North.
Baltimore would, perhaps, from its consi
derable size and it capital, become the
New York of the South. New York it
self must at once lose more than half its
foreign trade. Chaileslon and New Or
leans would expand rapidly. 'Ihe like
might occur to the cities of Virginia.
Even the little towns on the eastern coast
of my own State would more than reco
ver the trade which they had prior to the
war duties and the tariff of 1816. The
northern trier of counties in Kentucky
would perhaps be obliged to remove their
slaves to the South. But there would be -to
her advantages in the change, similar
to those of Maryland. Kentucky sup
plies the Sooth with live stock- to a great
extent ; but she lias to encounter the com
petition of Ohio and other northwestern
States. If the productions of these States
were subjecte I to a duty, she might for a
time have a monopoly in tt e Hade. I
would do injustice to thce two States
if I supposed that they would be gov
erned solely or even mainly by calcu
lations of interest. Maryluid and Ken
tucky are filled with as courageous,' as
generous and noble-minded men and wo
men as exist on earth; and following their
bold impulses, they would make common
cause with their oppressed sisters of ih
South, and, if necessary, tke their places
where the blows might fall thickest, in the
front of the column, with the' same high
feelings that animated their ancesto s on
the batilf-fieU? of the Revolution Kath-
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