fw. """" "
W tVsr x.
if?
UNION, THE CONSTITUTION AND TUB LAWS THE GUARDIANS OF OUR LIBERTY,
rt Ik ,V
if ill
Vol. XL.
..wiiiirii rr
LIST OF GARDEN SEEDS,
For sale by J. C. Webb tc. Co.
AHPA RAGU8 Largs Greta Purple. :
LEANS-Early 8jr Wek. Newinaton Wonder. Red
bperlcUd Valentine, Brown ditto, White Cranberry,
Red French, Lerge Lima or Butter, White Dutch.
BEETS Early Turnip Blood, Loog Blood Kd, Bile-
eun or sugar, rjwiea tJharil.
PROCOI.IPurple Cepe.
CABBAGE Early York, Trench Ox Heart, Early
Batten, Large Late Drumhead, Early DtumheaJ,
Flat Dutch, Red ditto, for Pickle.
CA R HOTS Loog Orange, Early Horn, Large White
CAULIFLOWER.
CELEKV Silver Grata, While Solid. Red ditto.
CUCUMBER Early r"rame, Long Gieen, Gherkin.
EGG PLANT Large Purple.
LETTUCE Brown Dutch, Hovel Cabbage, Drum.
heed, White Cabbage.
MELON Nutmeg, Citron, Mountain Sweet Water.
MUSTARD White, Brown.
MAifTL'STIL'M.
OKMA.
ONION-Rilver 6kin, larte Yellow.
PA RHLEY Curled or Doubled, Plain or Single.
PARSNIP-Sugar.
PEAS Landrelb Etra Early, Early Tnme, Biah-
op' a Early, Dwarf Sugar. Landrelh'e Early.
PEPPER Lara Sweet Picklioe. Bull No.
PUMPKIN Caihew, Common PieM, Mammoth.
B.A DIH1I Long Salmon, Long Scarlet, While Turnip
Rooted, Red ditto,
RHUBARB, or Pi Plant.
BAI.8IFY, or Ovrter Plant
kl PI NACH Round HaTOy-ITeJ, Prickly Seeded.
UiUASH Early Bath, Long Green.
TUMATO, or Love Apple, Eitia Early.
rebruary 7i
Revival of Business,
TTAVfNO coneluded to lemain in HilUborough and
eenUna my business, my old customer will Bnd
ma one door eaat of The brick House," my former
BBop. iy work abeli be well end raeliiall duo,
and all my cutting job prepared o that the enMtre
ehall find ne difficulty tn making.
All work executed at the aborted nolire.
JAMES 8. WATSON.
February I. 77
$50 Reward.
Tj ANAWAi from the Kibwrihera about lb I Jth of
It, October lt, negro mtn, DENNIS. who ia about
five rt ten iocbe high, and would weigh about lS
M 170 pound. He w raised by the lat Daniel Tur
ranlioe, oVceaeed, and inr th death of aaid To wen
line baa been owned by John A. Cole, and we think
ho i lurking about Cole' and in th neighborhood
where be waa raised. We will giro the above aunt
of fifty dollar for hi apprehension or confinement
in In jail at HUlsbereut-h, so w can get him.
MORUIS & LATTA.
Jan. IS. 73
KIXG'S MOUXTAIX IRON.
X HAVE now on band for ealo Terete Thousand
swaade oi the above Iron, which baa hereto for gr.
n eoeh general eauafaetion, and tl Mm for which
Mr. P. B. RntBn waa agent; coneieting ol Bar, for tiro
and plantation nee, Square, Baud, etc. die,
The aMortmeot will be kept complete, and aoU al
lowest rat.
JAMES WEBB, Agent
of King' Mountain Iron Co.
Deeenber 14. 70
TLANTING TOTATOES.
1 flflfl BBW- Y'"1" Cinkeveo.
A UUW lOOO DDLS. Peach Blow.
Per l by
KEITH & FLANNER.
Wilmington, S. C, Jan. U. T4
A CARD.
S. SQ22P?3Dn. JKEIJTOS.?,
1 AVIXGIoratedin Chaptl Hilt, respectfully oiler
"m ntproleaioairM l Ibeeitiieojol thelowa
nd (urnmnding eeanlrv. IIcn projue satisfactory
teotinonnl hi kill in the profession.
Hi elBce is at Dr. M.Ws. When requested, fami
tin will be waited an at their raaidenc. C'hargeerea-
sonsMe.
I f Dr. R.will be in HilUborough th fourth week
in each SMalk, eUo SopMier Cvart week, and ofvrner
(without eitra charge) if rful4.
Aaguai 19. OS
owe Xeu 51 annuel urlnf Company.
Saligh,iuB3d. IMt.
rpiII8 Company eonlinoe to eav S Cent per
pound for Cotton aad Linen RAUN delivered at
Raloigb, at at their Mill ail mile eaat of Rekrigk.
AJd.e, , w. 1IUSTED, TrtMwr.
iun 10. IS 9
CHOICE CALF tSKIN8,8boo Thread and Shoe
eiU,t.
J. C. TURREN TINE k SOS.
December S.
17
RAGSI RAGS J! I RAGS I! !
HAGS WANTED, by
J. C. TUKRE.NTfNE & SON.
November'.. 17
6UNDRIKS.
EXTRACT of Pino Apple, EttrwJ f Pansna,
while Pepper, Prafieripani Kernel, Freneipaiii Pet
fume, Jayne Hair Tonk, While and Colored Tieetae
f.per, hi ..I. t th JjKJJO STORE.
hepUmlief I.
c
H I H III.I KE ( prewly for Hkirt a. Embroidered
Pkinas l4i. Braea and Whaleboa llano, and
i:iallcBlK,by
J. C. TURREN TINE It SON.
BepiemUr It. 00
JONES'S KEROSENE LAMPS.
A N E VV M of thraa improved hmpa, whit h do not
g out when etptMnl to i current of air, end by a
nroeeMof inxlialioet Mil at leant on third of the nil,
oe the common lampe, A lea, the common Kereeeno
)amp. Joam' lampa are kept only by n.
J. C. T UKliENTlNK & SON.
Oetttlier I. 60
Kf) CAK of LIME for a. I low for Ch
1 1
Orrr.K. mun' SUGAR, and man other
labia lilicle.
jamks V Enn.
ieneJn. 4
IfrtlME Sweet New Crop MOLAXAEM and freed
RICK i ale U4 rk fin HALT, at M.60 rh.
On of Urmer eV Haker'a Beet Pmily flawing Me
thine, Which i h tried and pinved, new na hand
and for .). JAMES WEBB.
Jan. 1. 74
BLANKS for Sale trl this 0ft.
, SHDTBaVL BCCIIdUiai,
" May your rich aoil,
Eiuberant, nature 'a better blessing po
O'er every land." :
Prom th 8. C. Fanner and Planter.
PREPARATION AND CITLTUR"! Of LAND.
" The prevailing error I think to be thin
too little work before, and too much work
after planting."
The above quotation it taken from an ar
ticle over the signature of "Clinton." in the
Cotton Planter and Soil for January last.
I. : - t ii . . . " .
tvmiMiiii, in iiui-aucii, impurtam irutm.
Mrtleaien in ending; uornv annual contri-
bution to the Farmer and Planter, ia to co
(uiucwiiai more ainuaei v into tun tubject.
On all aides it is agreed that plowing
tirriag the aoil ia necessary in tending our
crop dui many ao noi appear to have any
i. ican j ueuneauuieci in uomg SO. It IS a
practice that has been handed down from
aire 10 son ; and the farmer of the present
eenerauon aoes n oecause lie learned it from
his predecessor. I do not say this sneering
lj; great respect i due to long established
customs. They are, more generally, the re
sult of matured and well tried experimental
and I stand with those who are opposed to
haMy and untested innovation. But this
doctrine must not be carried too fan we live
in a progressive age, and certainly have yet
muuii iv irnrn.
And now, Mr. Editor, I have opened up a
subject which, properly discussed, would fill
a'vulume ; but I must be short ; a page or two
of your journal is at much as I can claim.
Let us inquire, what are the objects of
plowing? The first object of plowing is, to
prepare the land for the growth of the intend
ed crop ; this is often called breaking up.
What we aim at here, ia, to prepare a bed
loose enough for the roots of plants to spread
in every direction. It is clear, then, that
the soil should be finely crumbled, and loosen,
ed deeply j as deeply as the roots of plants
are likely to go , this ia the first object. The
second is, to admit of the descent ot rains
and dews, so as to supply the necessary
moisture. A third is, to admit the atmos
pheric air, which acts in various wave : 1.
termination cannot take place without it
2. The decomposition of the vegetable mat
ters turned under, cannot take place without
it; and 3. It helps to liberate earthy salts,
and form new combinations, which favor (in
fact, are necessary to) the growth of plants.
Some of these modes of action, and their ef
fects, are pretty well onderstood some of
them perhaps, are not fully understood. But
I have not room to enlarge. From the above,
however, it will appear that tct thould break
vp our landi thoroughly mul dttply.
TH MODS OF BUf-aaiKO IIP.
E 'one must decide this for himself.
Much will depend upon the nature and con
dition of the anil. Generally, when there is
a good growth of weeds, or other vegetable
matter to be turned under, it shonld be done
with a turn-plow, single or double horse,
fallowed, when the subsoil is close, with a
coulter or acooter, so as to loosen, but not
bring itnp. Very olten, when land has been
long plowed to a certain depth, a hard pan !
or crust forms at this depth, and thia ought,
by all meana, to be broken up. When there
is little or no litter, or where there is a tough
sod of grass, the scooter or coulter it a very
gooa inirumeni lor creating up perhaps
as good as any.
the tin, or MrKita rr.
On this subject there seems to be much
difference of opinion. I incline to think,
that on all stubble lands, tchm there h a rooi
tout of vegetable matter, the earlier it is turn
ed ander the better early in the fall or
winter, whenever and as soon as other neces
sary business will permit. By doing to, we
eipose the larvae of insects, which are apt to
infest such lands, to the winter freeze the
frosts help to pulverize the soil, and the
vegetable matter ia undergoing decay, and
producing various chemical combinations,
useful to the intended cron. In clear land.
and perhaps in some stiflfefay s even, although
they be in stubble, I would prefer breaking
up late; so late as just to finish the opera
tion at planting time. So much for break
ingnp.
To complcate the preparation for your
crops, as toon as you are done towing oats,
commence laying nfl your cotton ground,
with a deep scooter-furrow ; on this scatter
your manure, and ridge with two deep twister-furrows
finish the bed when you come
to plant. For the corn crop, at far at your
manure will go, adapt the very tame process,
except ss to finishing the beds, and even
there, if it is not al ready well broken up. In
low grounds, the bed should always be com
pleted brlore planting. On my high lands
that portion which I cannot manure, my
practice has been to run a deep horizontal
scooter-furrow in laying vlT, and, on each
tide of this, about a foot distant, another
deep scooter-furrow ; thus leaving two fidget.
When I come to plant, I open with a shovel,
and cover with two acootcr-furrows, split
ting the two first ridges, and making one in
the centre, lly thit tnode I have thorough
itirring of ttutoil uhtn the torn ii jtlanttJ.
CULTIVATION 01 Tll.UO..
It it here that I think our farmers arc mot!
at fault. They prepare their toil for the
easy spread of the roots and tpongiolcs of
plants, and then, in their after culture, cut
these of, aa if they were ttaclciit appendages.
If we study the mode of life and growth of
HILLSBOROUGH, N. C, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 1859.
the plant, it would seem wrong to the sim
plest apprehension,' to be cutting off these
feeders j and all sound experience (my own
and that of many others) proves this to be
so. The doctrine should be deep preparation
and thallow culture. To be more particular,
I would recommend that the first plowing
(before the roots have spread) should be
deep ; and especially if the preparatory plow
ing has not already been tufliciently deep
and thorough. After the roott have tpread,
the plants will need all the nourishment the
toil will afford; and we thould be careful to do
nothing that will interrupt the supply of food.
Our culture now, thould be surface culture.
For tbit purpose, nothing ant wen to well at
the judicious use of the hoe. ' This instru
ment, in fact, is now indispensable in the
interstice between the young plants along
the drill. Betwixt the rowt, various labor-
saving implements mar be used to kill the
rottnz trass and weeds, and, at the same
time, break the crust and open the toil to
the influence of the uewt and atmospheric
air. The nature and condition of the toil
will belt determine what these thould be. In
most cases, the sweep, or some of the vari
ous cultivators, which may now be had every
where, will answer this purpose very well.
With these run over the crop every two or
three weeks, until it it "laid by," which
should always be before its great effort at
fruit-making has commenced. Let us not
interfere now; pull off your shoes, and
tread lightly, for we are in the Temple of
nature, where the great mystery, or work
or Iructiucation, ia going on. All we can
do it to lift a prayer, with the Poet of the
" seasons
" B gracious. Heaven,
For now, laborioua man baa don hi duty."
LAl'KKNS.
INTRINSIC WORTH.
Ti not the bird of brightest wing
Doth loftieet aoar or aweetesl aing ;
For brilliant plumage, wha would mark
The pinion of the warbling lark !
Ti not tht gayty painted flower
That awealot bloom ia wood or bower t
The violet of humble mien
Breathe eat it fragrance alt unseen.
Tie noi th aparkfing fountain' flow
Thai gladden moot tit vak below
Tb lilent dew, th genii rain
Will nrar refreh tb thinly plain.
Ti not the costly pearl or gem
That form th loveliest diadem ;
The rnamenta that moat adorn
Are by th lowly spirit worn.
Ti not th fairest form or far
That lueat reveal th aj.irit'a grace;
Th nobl virtue of the mind
Li deep wilhin the eoul enahrined,
Tie not the man of ahining part
Hi strongest away e'er human heart;
Bat he of sympathetic soul
The willing paaaiona doth control.
Tie not th boasting Pharisee
Who Cods acceptance for hi piss ;
Tha eontrit heart alona will briug
T heaven a pleating oAcring,
Tea, ti lU " roe npon the hills,' '
That aweetesl fragrance dialilla ;
But noue th less it grac, I ween.
Though olten " born to blush Men."
Tut "Tat Conra-tT." A gentleman who
was riding in the cart noticed a bright little
fellow, between five and tii years ol age, tit
ting with bit father and mother, and engaged
in the attempt to loose the knot in the string
that bonnd a smalt parcel. The knot had be
come well compacted, aud the child's tiny fin
gen teemed to make no impression thereon.
The patient earnestness of the little fellow
was contrasted with the apparent indifference
of hit parentt, wh looked on, but made no
attempt to atsist him. A t last, the gentleman,
whose sympathies with children were warm,
could bear the tight no longer; to, partly to
help the child, and partly to rebuke the pa
rentt, he took out rut knife, and, handing it
the bny, aaidi
Here, my little fellow, try the virtue of
a sharp blade. You can't untie the knot !"
Something to his surprise, the knife was
not taken ; but, instead, the child answered
with a smile!
" Pleae, sir, fslher don't allow me to say
I tan't, I belong to the Try Company.'"
Indeed !" said the gentleman, as he drew
back hit hand. I never heard of that com
pany before."
Oh, I've alwtyt belonged to it haven't
Uatherf"
And the child turned with an expression of
loving confidence in hit face, toward hit fa
ther. " He's a worthy member of that excellent
association, sir," remarked the father, now
speaking to the gentleman, and smiling in a
pleasant way.
Ah, 1 understand you I" Light was
breaking upon his mind. " This is a part of
your discipline. You never permit your lit
tle boy to tay I can't.
- But, instead, I'll fry, sir."
M Excellent." said the gentlemsn. " Ex
cellent! Here it the way that men are made.
II it the everlasting I can't that it dwarfing
the energies of thousands upon thoussnds all
over the land. A feeble effort it made to
overcome tome difficulty, and then the irmi
fall wearily, and the task it abandoned.
lt:.lk at,al,l IVa lUm f ..n- !
, . ...'. v ti m cm vi viuvi j vi w ii, ,w, miaii sianii i attest mr wins ami giorv :
tfrrttion,notlhwtb;andwittheornirncntiof a beneficent Creator. In her French
of the Oiind, net the furniture. Hoard alone it more water-power than, in all I
NATIONAL FOUNDARY.
SPEECH OF HON. JOHN A. GILMER,
Or NORTH CAROM!,
h the Houm of Repntentativet, February 21, 1859,
Th Houa being in Ike Committee of the Whole on
the state of the Union
. Mr. GILMER laid ;
$ Mr. Chairman: In offering any views in
support of the claims of any native State,
W.'.-.L. r. ! - j- . t -Vil I I' .
iui ui varonna, to a snare oi trie puuuc pat
ronaee and disbursements in the establish'
ment of national works, I am at once atruck
with two important reflections. First, that,
of the'many millions invested in munificent
Government structures, distributing so much
capital among the people where ther are
erected, and at the same time, strengthening
the hand of commerce and enterprise in their
respective localities, and from which all of
the tea-board States have derived more or
less advantage, the old North State, though
one of the most faithful of the thirteen sisters
who pledged their jewels, treasure, and honor
upon the altar of liberty, and never broke
the vow, has yet to be rewarded with the
first particle of Government patronage to
any respectable degree ; and second, and
perhaps more astonishing, that mineral
wealth of such almost boundless extent, as is
proven to exist there, should not long ere
this have been called into active use by well
directed individual enterprise. Here are
two manifest derelictions of duty of some
sort, and aliould claim the immediate atten
tion of every true son of North Carolina.
The Grst neglect, I fear, has resulted from
the want of proper attention, and vigilance
on the part of her Representatives on this
floor, who have spent too much of their time
upon abstract propositions, in lostering the
mere political issues of the day; which, when
advancement or tenure of place is to be the
result, are never wanting fur ardent, if not
lunous advocates, while the real interests of
the constituency, and the State they repre
sent, have been too much neglected. Days,
week., months, and vears. have been wasted
or labored away, urging in the political forum
matters wholly abstract, and olten incapable
of even a practical test; and in which fact
consists, in many instance, the major part
of the apparent dignity and effect uf such j
issecs, w hile real, practical, useful questions, i
of the development and improvement of the
material resources, agricultural, commercial, ;
and mineral, of their State, have been com-!
pletely overlooked. Now, I do not propose
to arraign any gentleman for a failure in j
duty, who has heretofore, or now represents
my State, for their reasons lor their previ
ous course of legislative action have doubt
less been to them satisfactory and sufficient.
Uut I do propose to ask. Ultra, and all others,
to unite with me in giving tome attention to
the real material interests of North Carolina.
In fact, I might extend mv remarks beyond
my purpose, and cause them to apply to
many of the other louthern States; but, in
doing so, I would not only assume the duties
of others more competent to do to, but would,
at the tame time, transcend the courtesy ex
tended to me or the House on this occasion.
Nor can 1 now do full justice to my State
on this important matter, both for the want
of time and all the information I could wish.
even w ere I not limited by this particular tub
ject of the establishment of a national foun
dery, to which I thall advert directly. So
immense, and almost boundless, are the min
eral and manufacturing resources of North
Carolina, that a volume may be filled with
their variety, quality, and utility. I tpeak
not now of the gold and silver, existing in
such large quantities, aud which are so much
more actively sought, but I mean to allude
more particularly to the mure solid, abun
dant, and, I w ill add, more valuable deposits
of coal and iron. These are the articles of
universal use, which everybody pays tribute
to in tome ihape, tnd ever must, to long as
commerce and agriculture, and their natural
offspring, manufactures, are the leading ob-
Iects of man's attention. I care not who
mills the purse, while I bold the articles of
tmlispe nsible use, such at coal and iron. 1 he
former will loosen itt ttringtand flow to the
latter, at naturally as the magnet is attracted
bv the notes. Kverv man. who inhabits a
house or shelter under a roof, uses, either
directly or indirectly, the labrict or product!
of coal and iron, and pays for them, in tome
ihape therefore, every man it a contributor
lo the use of these great staple minerals,
While Spain and other European Powersheldj
and absorbed, as it were, the so-railed pre-1
cious metais, men Know n uotn to tne uiu ami
the New World, England being possessed of
the solid coal and iron, tht real prerioiu met
al , hat drawn the gold and tilver of Spain
and other countries into her national coffers,
where they are yet safely locked up, and are
likely to be, while English domestic and
commercial policy it observed, tnd until
other nationt, equally blessed with like ma
terial, thall adopt the tame precept and ex
ample, of using their but resources, fArir
ioM wealth, their teal and trot.
iorth larnima is bnuntiiuiiy blessed by
Providence with these solid tuple miners
sis
of coal and iron, and equally blessed
with
water power and older natural element
bringing them Into uie, and which must come
into use, in spite ol present or hitherto neg
lect. Her water-power, I can almost tay, it
the best in the universe. Her Yadkin, Ara
rat, Mit hell's. Fishery, Dan, Smith, North
and South Tow, Coney, Ivy, Swnanoa,
French Hoard, Pieeon, Tut kaseegs, Tennes
see, Natihala, Vallev, Hiwassee, Watauga,
New, Catawba, I'wfiarie, Haw, and Deep
riven, furnish streams for manufacturing
purpose, which will last inexhaustible, be
yond the power of man to consume, to Ions
at the mountain from which these streams!
I1.. .1. .11 .1 . , . .1 L t. ...... ... .t...l !. .Ilnnlmn ..C
New England put together, only waiting to
be called into use bv an industrial enterprise
.l. ...I. :t. i,-. ..i k- v !i i
similar to that which has made New England
what she is, and I hope will ever be in this par
ticular, to render North Carolina in every
thing her superior. Over four hundred thous
and spindles revolve in Lowell alone, and
over ten times four hundred thousand can be
moved by the regular waters of the French
Juoau alone, without ejen making an tmpres
lion on the abundant supply. Besides the overt
abundance ot water in the limpid streams ot ,
the old North State, they arc exempt from
the bitter frosts and freezing winters, which
congeal at times the best streams in New
England, obstructing their greater utility,
while in XNortn Carolina they rarely ever
freeze, and are at the tame time blessed with
an elevated locality, and wholesome moun
tain atmosphere, rendering her valleys not
only safe for man's habitation, but equally
desirable.
liut iron ores, the best and most abundant,
as I have stated, abound throughout the
whole State. It would astonish one not
familiar, tn see or learn their qu mtity and
extent. To attempt to describe their pre
cise locality and extent with minuteness,
would lead me into too great detail ; but be
fore confinine mvself to the particular sub.
ject designed in these remarks, this much I
will say : vou may cast your eye on the mp
of North Carolina, and start with me from
the county of Stokes, where you have an
abundant supply of coal and iron, in immedi
ate proximity ; you may go westward, bor
dering hard on the Virginia and then the
Tennessee line, till you reach the Roan
mountain, and from thence bear southward
till you reach King's mountain, which con
tinually calls to mind much of the heroism
of the Revolution ; and from thence eastward
till you run into the Deep river vallev, and
you will have traveled over deposits of iron,
so abundant, ot such superior quality, that
not a similar scope of country on the' earth
can surpass it. Forming, as it were a great
reserve treasured up in nature's store-home
waiting for the trained hand ot the enterpris
ing utilitarian to quietly unlock and use, to
the benefit ami wealth of mankind. I can
not contemplate the vastness and value of
these sinews of wealth and grandeure of mv
native State without being greatlv moved',
and longing to see the day when a better j
directed industry and wiser political econ
omy shall, with fostering policy, call them
lorth, and bid north larolma tie in practical
fact what she is by nature designed, one of
the best and most extensive iron producing
countries in the world. Once developed,
the mines will sustain themselves; and the;
southern forge and rolling-mill will sustain
and meet the southern demand, and every
car-wheel that traverses the State, bearing 1
the products of her soil, will wind their way
over iron rails taken from the same toil with
out the aid of tariffs or protection ; and then,
indeed, may we talk of and about southern
independence.
It has Ion"; been a growing conviction on
the part of the Government, thtta national j
foundery should be established, not only for
the certain supply of a better article of cer
tain kinds of Ubrics of irota for naval and
militarv use. but also to improve the svstein
. ii n. " a e ."
of combining, and the eflect of combining,
the various descriptions of iron, and other
kindred metallic ores. This important sub-
ject at once attracted the attention of the
prcaent auio secretary ui war, upon in
stallment into the office, and in his first an
nual report he spoke and recommended the
tubject, in the following earnest and empha
tic manner i
. , t i '
The importance to the public t'rvice of'
establishing a national foundery has been so)
often brought to the attention of Congress by
my predecessors, inainoining out a convic
tion ol its great consequence to the public
and private interests of the whole country
encourages me to mention it again.
" A well-managed national foundery would
very speedily develop and establish f.icts
which would add immensely to our national
wealth. It is scarcely to be credited that,
with the infinite variety of iron ore, and their
boundless extent in the United States, we
should not have yet discovered a mine capa
ble of making the very best gun, or, if such lie
discovered, that there are no meant by w hich
the public service can be benefited by it ;
, ... " -I ! . .1 . t "
out sum is toe ihii.
"A national foundery would serve a a
treat laboratory at which the qualitv and
value of metals throughout the whole Con-j
federacy would be tested and fixed.- Every (
variety of iron, with it ipcc'ml adapiution to;
particular uses, would, in a few years, he
familiarly known in the country, and indi
vidual enterprises would be saved, in t tperi-
ments, many timet the amount which the
wnm cost; wnusi a great national uramn oi
industry might, bv thit means, receive a
legitimate and efficient encouragement.
"There it but little doubt that many
nany A- (
, to those j
one ire !
merican iron ores are etual, at least,
of Norwav, and vet the national armories
w .
driven by necessity to purchase from abroad! minerals to each other more than compen
f the Norwegian iron for the manufacture of j sating for the higher wae in minm. Sav
s; small arms. Choosing to have the best qtiali- a prartical ScoU.lt Iron master, stealing of
jty of arms, we must g. abroad for the best'
i forqual.ty of iron. A national loumlery would I
soon team iu improve rnauiiuci'irr oi at a cost ol mne dollar per ton in Chatham
iron, and we would be saved the moitilica-U ountv, on the baiiksof the Deep river. Um
tion of bringing iron from abroad, and the' hundred and fiftv thousand dollar would
monev, too, we have to pay for it. suffice to bu v enoii!;!i of mineral land to up-
"The cot of heav v Runs would presently 1 ply two furiuct with material for no me Jen
be diminished, ami their quality would be,! ration. It would suffice to sink l'ne pits,
undoubtedly, very materially improved. ami erect two furnaces -n the Scottish prin-
"It therelore appears to. me that everylciple; and, at!ie minerals are the same as
consideration of
mild poitcy and economy
demand the tabHhment of a national
foundery, which I accordingly respectfully
recommend."
So soon at 1 discovered that tint subject
tn in ,-,,.! r ... .. . v.
Congress, I at once feIlcoiiimed that North '
Carolina was the M.ite, ami the Deep river J
No. 1982.
j valley the locality, which offered the bett
; facilities for erecting tuch a work; and when
I ii r -i . .,
my colleague, Mr. Branch,! at the last ses
sion, oflered a bill to thit effect, I was in
hopes the effort would move steadily forward,
and that the claims of North Carolina, and
the facilities she offered on this subject, would
be well considered, and if well sustained, as
I believe they can be, conceded and allowed.
ui, use most oi measures which are ot a
truly practical and commercial character for
a southern State, it has been permitted to
i: .'II !. ' l . r
linger mi it is auoiu lorgoiten. it is now my
purpose to revive the subject, and claim for
my State a full and fair hearing in the pre
mises. I premise, then, by saving that the
Deep river valley, in the State of North
Carolina, is a suitable place for a national
foundery, and the State of North Carolina
has peculiar claims for its location within
her borders.
What constitutes a tuitable place for a
national foundery?
1. Minerals aud other materials for use in
such a work: and of these, principally coal
and iron ore.
2. Locality, accessibility to tide-water,
and inaccessibility to an enemy in time of
war.
3. Climate, and means for subsisting a
population of mechanics and workmen.
On the first I can safely say, without dis
paragement to other places, that the Deep
river valley has no superior. It has coal of
the best and most abundant quality. It is a
bituminous coal, totally free from sulphur,
or other noxious element militating against
: . r . , f . .
us iree use tor manufacturing purpose!
jrpuses of
any iiescnpwon. ins conceded to be one
of the best gas coals in the world, and yields
the greatest abundance of the best coke for
melting and forge work, and is well admit.
ed for making , what it called hollow-fires,
for heavy w rought-iron work. Its iron ores.
too, are equally superior, embracing every
variety. The specular, brown hematite,
magnetic, and blue-clay ores, are iuexhausti
ble, and arc all bedded" together in a narrow
compass. t And then, over and above any
other place known on the continent, the only
workable vein of black-band ore interlines
the coal-fields themselves ; not only so, but
are the deepest in thickness and extent ever
yet discovered in any country. This is not
assumption, uut lact, proven and visible to
the inspection of anv innuirer. A shaft.
i lately sunk by one of the companies engaged
in operating inese mines, to the depth of live
hundred feet, discloses no less than upward
tit seven feet of coal, and over eleven feet of
black-band ore, all confined in a stratum of
tome forty feet. This is ouly one spot; but
others are equally favored. Hut this impor
tant malleable article of ore, for the purpose
of making all the descriptions of fabrics for
w ar and naval use, cannot be over-estimated,
nd should give a controlling influence in the
selection of the locality for tuch a national
work. With the use of this deposit, exclu
sively, as yet, found in workable quantities
in the Deep river valley, combined with the
other and harder oret found in tuch great
abundance, will enable the Government to
make every description of iron fabrics, front
the hardest ateel cannon or shaft, down t
the softest loop-band that can be demanded
- v ..... v ire ucuiaiiuii
for any part of the naval or military depart
; ment.
Several verv able and lucid rennets I.. v.
been made by eminent geologists, who base
in-jineir statements upon actual explorations.
made with the greatest caution and attention
to the facts, among whom-I may mention
prominently Trof:ssort Johnson, Jacks-m,
and Knimotia the latter l.einir tha inhnr;...
----- -- waa VI I a .
ed State eeoloeist for North Carotin. Pe
their united opinions and statements in their
several reports, the following are tome of
meir conntusions t
1. The coal is of a qualify equal to the
best Newcastle coal, and the best for making
STis, for which purpose it would brinj in
New York six or seven dollar per ton.
C. hi very easy to work, and free of
fault.
5. It is admirably suitable for smcltin
iron, brio;; free from sulphur.
I. Hlark-baml iron ore overlies and un
derlies the cal, and can be mined from the
t.tme pits and openings.
5. The b!acl-land it in deposits eighteen
inches to six feet thick, and of a better qnal
ity than any round in Scotland, contain
ing rich a 'large portion of bitumen, and
ti so peculiar a character that from twelve
to sine
extractr
teen ca Ions of kernsine nil ran bo
tl from It while it ia heinie pit.
rined to fit it for the blast furnace. Six to
I sixteen inches is the usual thickness of the
black-hand iron ore jn Scotland.
0. Hem .tite iron ore, elay-band, and also
magnetic iron oret, arc in enormous ilepos-
its within ten unlet of the coal and black
band.
Fig iron can bt made f-o;n the above
deposit, of a quality supciior to any ma'e
in Scotland, in any quantity, and at prices
less than in Scotland, the t.Vuimi r ,)
the Deep river vallev i
I am sa!isied that p; iron can he made
in fccotiand, the plans ouht to 1
be imported
from thence. The two furnace cuuld make
lour hundred to five hundred ton a week
.tar twenty thousand ton per annum-
it a cost of about ten Hollar i,..e i. ,n ft inil.
,,wl .:..! V ' I ,. .
, , i n in iscvr I lira anil lio;on sa
rie from twrnty-twodolUn to tucntv-eiht
dollars per ton.'"
S