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THE CONSTITUTION AND THE --LA W S THE G t! A tl D I A N S 0 F 0 U R LI B ERT Y
VoU XL VI.
HILLSBOROUGH, C., .MA. 9, I860
No. 2326
5
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(17 I 4
,THD- tsDUTir ML'ST.BECOME A MAKt.
FACTURER. .
' . ""
, If tie time ever comes, says the Rich
mond Whig.j-as we hope it" will before
mtuy yean shall elapsewhen Southern
agriculture shall reach that high point of
development of which it is capable when
the Southern staples of corn, wheat, rice,
sugar, tobacco, and those numerous other
products to which our soil is adapted, shall
be produced in the abundance so easily at
tainable under an adequate labor system
and a judicious management a new occu
pation, scarcely lets profitable than 2ri
culture, will be opened to us manufac
tures. Hitherto our nlanters and larmers lu.ve
bem ii the bablt of inveting the profits of
agriculture in negroes and lands. J he au
vVitit n of slavery Jus rendered the former
tun. It cf investment of capital impossible,
ktid ti.at tenders luriher investment in land
tr. desirable. I low will, how should, the
I r f.t of sgriculture be invested ? Obvi
cutlv iii tnanufaciurinz facilities. :
lt"i to the interest cf everv peopleto
... . ...
mm au they can out ut tne raw material
they prod ace. We.of ture, do nt mean
that the farmer shall himself turn manufac
turer. Of? pursuit is enough for one roan.
We simpif mean that when the producer
l a performed hit function, and got the raw
material ready fr market, it would be de
sirable lor the manufacturer tube at hand,
ar.d work, it up on (he spot, in the various
;.tr fabrics tutted to the markets of the
world. The perfection of an industrial
Commonwealth is, that it make all
Hut can be made out of is crude produc
tion. Why sell these products to a New
Yorker or an Englishman, to be shipped to
the Norm, or to Europe, and ther uianu
facuted, and to be returned in those fine
and costly fabric llut tre in almost en
ters! use. When thus teturnrd and pur
chase! by the original producer, he has to
raj, a part of the price, the cist of trans
0r:a:in to and Irom th point of manu
facture. With loanufacturitt; establish
ment n our soil, and at our dmrs, this
' important tltwent of cost s ill be saved,
not r.ly to him but his neishlor. hi Uu
commbitiiy and eciin,aid all the immense
msM-facturir.2 profits will go to swell the
coftert of that C'lium'jritiv and se-lio.i, and
totuiid up private fortunes. T!e indas
trial system ol that country that make cot
tun. for instance, and sell that product to
a foreign manufacturer, and then buvsiiis
laoncs at high price, is immature an J im
perfect. It involves an unn-ceary acri
fee of gains that should be reaped by itself.
Ti.ere i but Hie Southern staple t of
!.: ihe .South hav made what it ought !
make touacro. Tnat has ni only been
injtir, but it has ben. 'maonfactuieu in lis
Varo u friii ut the bouin but only, to
nv cou-iilerable cxrent, for ihewinj ai.U
sinoKi: purpose. ,
It ifat.alicturm? sSiitu'd, as it r uiht to,
becuir.t a leading U'ii.es at the South, it
will duplicate and re-i!upl'cate it weUh.
i t.iuUtion at d infiueuc. T tipoe th a'.
t.i h,i,J Jiioinith eij.i.it i to upp'ie
t!i aJi-li-.ty. Ihecoiaifii
v. l ich is gained by redacir
fact u res it into fabrics and then sells it at
high profits to the producers. Its exports
are its mauufactures, and they are made
out of the productions of other and less
shrewd and enterprising nations. It has
been appropriately saiu that M England
purchases our skins and pays us back witti
the tails." It England raised the raw ma
terial, which she manufactures into all the
various fabrics, her profits Would be so
mueh the greater. That is precisely what
the South should do, and doubtless will do
in course of time. The South raises these
products, the ought to manufacture them ;
bupply her own population on cheap terms
witli ail the needed laurics, ana tnrow me
surplus into all the markets of the world.
The home consumption would be inconsid
erable compared with that without her bor
ders. The manufacturing advantages possesse l
by the South are not exceeded by those of
any part of the world. The extent of them
was not fully comprehended until recent
ly. Living'in comfort, nay luxury, upon
her agricultural resources, the need of oth
er resources was not felt. We think we
may go so far as to say that the manufac
ture;: advantages of Virjrinia are greater
and more varied than those of any. other
locality in any part of the world. She has
a 'boundless " water-powtr inexhaustible
supplies of wood, coal, iron and minerals
of every description. She has it iu her
power to manipulate all her raw produc
U:i4 and tnanuiaciure incin mm an v
diversities of fabric needed in the markets
of the world. Z
The time cannot be far distant when Vir
ginia will take the lead not alone in agri
culture but in manufactures. In this age
of enterprise, development and progress, it
is not possible tSat her immense resources
and caoacittes can be Ions neglected. She
has hitherto been known as the Mother of
States and Statesmen ; the time will come
when she will be known as tho gi eat centre
of industry and ctpital. .
.NITKO-GLYCEIUXE.
This new explosive agent, composed of
the sweet principle of oil and nitric-arid,
ha introduced itself to the notice of the
world in the most terrible manner. Its vast
explosive power uh recently manifested
at San Francivr n, and with the most fatal
eflect, but more recentlv Mill, at Aspin
wall, and with a noise as terrific as the
thanders ol Sinai. Compared wit'i it, gun
powder is a feeble explosive agent. In
tmall quantities of it condriied, powers ol
destruction are developed that cause it to be
regarded with almost a superstitions fear,
hit to'itlangeiou and deadly to be ue ful.
A Mr. Nable has the patent lor t;e United
.Muies and territories, l secure the rights
and profits of his invention. It was issu
ed from the I'atent OHic- at Washington
on the tUh of October, lbC3. The munici
pal authorities are beginning, evrywhere,
to make war upon it. It has a disagreea
ble way of. exploding without rhyme or rea--h,
diid there appears to be no limit to it
nation ol t!ae, 'ichief. It cannot be permit-
J tc I in be stored in "cities, nor vio we see
the iaw niatetia! iota tW ,..,t. ..wt .Mc tl can U aalely lianprtrtl in eeK
,,rms.. m.rkctablc lruric-fr WWcc. n iAiIisJ. r any other conveyance. It.
i,lt0.i.nre;n5ihn;sWli.f lobK-coleave!1'"-' u,e h ,or u"i rp.Ms, but its
intoiompacai dc Mivrmcntboxc. oMhi'- UC,",'"M ' " ;"
ir-glabacfol r ofiedutM - n ,. of tot- hului.ee I by the d-r.ers co wucted with a
tf. to cotton cloth r i bushel ,,! wheat jlt " ,,wl ,ik,I. tJ retain a iiermaticnt
to its pibprr meav ire id (Imir U a great ' l'Utc in the pMierce of the w in Id, unkM
p .i:.t paired in international f.un.m., j indeed it caii.be more ellcduaily guarded
b.-si lev Hie profits ic.lu Vi and retained t 6iu: sudden sM.ur.eou explosion. As
l.unj by li e peifji.Mote of evc.-v functloi "' ,! 't!' cursitv n regard to tin
M iosatv to put thf raw otciill in tbese j f" mul.nlr nplic ajent. w sub
soanr.l 'Thl. rt.ndei.satibi of values it- join an interesting account of ludiscuvc-
ireasvs c sport, or it eiiible us to send
abroad vhat would othcrwi-e be too uutkv
for tftiipoitatin. The MnalUr the bulk
the lest the ctof transportation, and inuch
ot production has been, an 1 will continue
to be, lost to the commerce f tho world by
reason of its not being put in portable shape
at the point f production.
The great exporting nation is England.
W hy ? A'ot because it is the great produ
cing i.ation, but because it draws the raw
(mucrial from &1I parti of 0e world, tuanu-
i v its properties anil uses:
MtltO-6tU-.RIt WHAT IT U.
Glycerine is the sweet principle of oil,
and is extensively used for the purposes of
the toilet i but it has now received an ap
plication of rather an uncxpeetcd nature.
In 1846 a pupil of M. l'elon7.e's, M.Sohre
ro, diicovrr'cd that glycerine, when treat
ed with nitric and, was converted into a
highly explosive luhs ance, which he call
ed nitro-giyccrine. It is oily, heavier than
water, svlablc iu ekohol icd ether, atd
acts so powerfully on the nervous system
that a single drop placed on the tip of the
tongue will cause a violent headache, which
will last for several hours. "The liquid
seems to have been almost forgotten by
chemists, and it is only now thai M. Nable,
a Swedish engineer, has succeeded in ap
plying it to a very important branch of his
artnamely, blasting. From a paper ad
dressed by 'him to the Academy of Scien
ces, we learn that the chief advantage which
this substance, composed of one part of
glycerine and three parts of nitric acid,
possesses, is, that it requires a much small
er hole or chamber than gunpowder does,
the strength of the latter being scarcely
one-tenth of the former. Hence, the mi
ner's work, which, according to the hard
nes of the rock, represents five to twenty
times the powei of the gunpowder us'd, is
so short that the cost of blasting is often
reduced by fifty per cent. The process is
very e-isy. If the chamber of the mine pre
sents figures, it must be lined with clay to
make it water-tight; this being d me, the
nitro-glycerine is poured in, the water af
ter it, which, being the lighter liquid, re
mained at the top. A slow match with a
well charged percussion cap at one end is
then introduced into the nitro-glycerine.
The mine may then be sprung by lightin
the match, there being no need ol tamping.
Oa the Teh of June last three experiment
were made with the new compound in the
open part of the tin mines of Altenborg, in
Saxonv. In one ol these a chamber thirty
four millimetres in diameter was made per
pendicularly in a dolomitic rock, sixty feet
in length, and at a distance of fourteen feet
from us extremity, which was vertical. At
a depth of eight feet a vault ailed with clay
wai found, iu conseqioce of u bicoV th
bottom of the hole was tamped, having a
depth of seven feet. One litre and a half
of nitro-slyeerine was then poured inj it
occupied five feet; a match and a stopper
were then appneu, as riateu, ana me mine
sprung. The effect ws to enormous as to
tissure City leet in length, and another
twenty feet."
CHEMICAL NATl'RK OF Til P. CoMPOfXD.
" The Ulastuig Oil, or N'itio-jrlvcenne
of Mr. Nobel, is a chemical compound of
ix equivalents f carbon, ne equivalents
of hydrogen, three equivalents of oxygen,
and three of nitrogen.
'Pra-tically, it is a compos;non of 75
per cent, of nitric acid and '15 pec cent, of
glycerine oil.
' A scientific calculation of the volume
f f asses, developed by the combustion of
this compound and the combustion of gooJ
guapowder, proves that nitro glycerine,
compared with gunpowder, possesses thir
teen times its power, when volumes are
compared, and eight times its power for
equal weight. Therefore, here eight
Hands of gunpowder are wanted, one pound
of nitro-glycetine will be sufficient to pro
du:e the same etl'ect."
It is desirable that an agent of such pow
er shall be, with safety, subdued to the uses
of man. At present" it appears to be too
duag'rous, too lia'jle to spontaneous ex
plosion, to be received in comniere with
out almost prohibitory restrictions. The
ingenuity cf man will, in all probability,
devise some mode of guardirg it against
these sudden explosion, and rendering it
a fe a the otduury combi.Jt.bhs. When
we consider bow much power ol mischief
may be icon pressed into a modcum of this
chemical compound, hhJ with what conve
nience and facility it may be t!etl by wick
d men to blow "up houses, vestli, cars,
wvc, it is almost frightful to contemplate.
A Uur Fawks and there ate Gay Fawkes
in every age and countrv would find it
his most powerful, destructive and ser
viceable ally. GVetit'.eri I'tfw.
Froaj the Nstional Intfiajeneer, hi
' THE RECONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE.
A protracted meeting of the Committee
on Reconstruction was held on Saturday
morning, and it was finally decided by a
large majority twelve out of the fifteen
members present voting in the affirmative
-to report, ta day, the'fvl!oir.f bills :
A bill ta provide for ihe restoration of the States in
, insurrection to their full political right, v
Whereas it is expedient that the Stales
lately in insurrection should, at the earli
est day consistent with the future peace
and safety of this tfnion, be restored to full
participation in all political rights; and
Whereas the Congress did, by joint res-,
olntion, propose for ratification to theLe
islatures of the several States as an amend
men t to the Constitution of the United Slates
an article in the following words, to wit;'
A joint resolution proposing an amend
ment to the Constitution of the United
States:
lie il enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of .fl
merica in Congress assembled, (two-thirds
of both Houses concurring,) That the fol
lowing article be proposed to the Legisla-
tures of the several States as an amend
ment to the Constitution ol the United
States, which, when ratified by three-fourths
of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part
of the Constitution, namely J
ARTICLE.
Sec. 1. No State shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the privileges
or immunities of citizens of the United
States; nor shall and State deprive any
person of life, liberty, or property without
due process of law, nor deny to any peoson
within its jurisdiction the equal protection
of the laws. ' - .
Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appoint
ed among the several States which may be
included within this Union according to
their respective numbers, counting the
whole ncmber of persons in each State, ex
cluding Indians not taxed. But whenever
in any State the elective franchise shall be
denied to any-portion of its male citizens
not less than twenty-one years of age, or
in any way abridged, except for participa
tion in rebellion or other crimes, the bisis
of representation in such State shall be re
duced in the proportion which the number
of such male citizens shall bear to the whole
number of male citizens not less than twenty-one
years of age.
Src. 3. Until the fourth day of July, 1870,
ail persons who voluntarily adhered to the
late insurrection, giving it aid and com
fort, shall be excluded from the right to
vote Iir members of Congress, and for elec
tors for President and Vice President ot
the United States.
Skc. 4. Neither the United States r.or
any State shall assume or pay any debt or
obligation already incurred, or which may
hereafter be incurred, in aid of insurrec
tion or of war against the United States,
or any claim for compensation for loss of
involuntary service or labor.
Stc. 3. Congress shall have power ti en
force, by appropriate legislation, the provi
sion of this article. .
Xotc, thtnfoi't, be it enabled, Thar
whenever the above stated amendment shall
have become part of .'the. Constitution, and
any State lately in insurrection shall have
ratified the same, and frhall have modified
its Constitution and laws in conlormity
iherewith, the Senators and Representa
tives from such State, if found duly elect
ed and qualified, may, after having taken
the required oaths of office, be admitted
into Congress as such.
Skc. i U it further enacted, That
when any State lately in insurrection shali
have ratified ihe foregoing proposed amend
ment to the Constitution, any part of tho
direct tax under the act of August 5, IfcGl,
which may remain due and onpiid in such
ttate, may be assumed anJ paid by such
State; and t'ua payment thereof, qp.n pro
per assurances Iro'm ucii State, to be giv
en t the Secretary of the Treasury ot the
United States, mV be postponed lor a pe
riod not exceeding ten years Irom and alter
the passage ut tins act. v
A till ilrclarirg rrair. jrrsors iatKsi. ?e tacfikc
urnler tie Oovemmeut of th t'nittJ Maws.
lit it enacted, 4?., -That no person shall
be eligible to any Oflice under the Govern
ment of the United States who is included
in any ol the following claws, namely i
Fint. The President and Vice President
oftl.e Confvderatc Sine of Ameii a. so-