Newspapers / The Robesonian (Lumberton, N.C.) / Aug. 29, 1907, edition 1 / Page 2
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12 the cci:i-7:zLy Roii2co:ni. V J4. I IK K. v "I? SOUS TCLEGSAPQ FIGURES. T&eNamfeer of Operators- Nio ty-Eisat- Per otot tfcemare fejapJoyefl y Railroad Compa-Kles-tn im Tkere tVr i,Sl- .3K titles al wlra la too Called . , - Mates FoarDUler cat Systems f'-V , ' t Operating Wires The Tele K .,'V,; W flroph the-Oatflrowta at Aa , r ' cleat Methods of Sluaallaa f .Early Llaes tm Tola Comatry . , Telegraphy a Haoalcralt. ' Waablnf ton ; Cprmpoadeno Chrlott4 Oh .tartar.'' - , .X There are 55,852 telegraph op erators, in the .United States, ; 48,623 men and 7,229 women ac cording to the last census.' Fig nresvarjras tothe numberof these i out on a strike justatpresent.ac cording as you get your informa tion from the managers of the tele graph companies or from the of ficers of the Telegraphers' Un ion. Of the number of , persons giv ing their occupation as "tele- graph operators" 30,336 are rail road telegraphers. The remain- ' ing " 15,516 are engaged as com mercial telegraph operators, in cluding those employed at the regular telegraph offices of the Western Union and the Postal Companies, v those working on leased wires and newspaper? and Various business concerns.' At least 99 per centiof all the, tele graph, operators in the Ubited States are in the employ of one of the two great telegraph cpm- " paniesi leaving about 2 per bent, to work on leased wires. . Some ' of the operators on leased wires : are' under contract with one of thetwo telegraph companies,their ? service's' being leased with the J wires. ' , In 180 there were Tl systems fit telegraph in operation through -.out, the United States, this hum ber including six operated by the Western Telegraph Company under different names. In 1902 - the number of systems' was re ; duced to 25, consolidation and , 'J amalgamation bringing about the , reduction. , In 1880 there wtre 291,213 miles : of wire, whiie'in '1902 the number of miles had been increased to 1,818,350, which -" -includes the number of miles of wire operated by the Western . Union Telegraph Company out jside of the ..United States, but Joes not include the 16,277 nauti ' sal miles of cable operated by the submarine cable system. In ' 1880 according to a monograph issued i by the Census Bureau under the subject of Telephone and Telegraphs' there was paid MB salaries and wages $4,886,128, ' while in 1902, the year in which the special report was made. there were paid -in salaries and wages $15,039,673. ; FINANCES OP THE COMPANIES The capital stock of the compa nies reported in 1902, 'was $162-, 949,525 with a total revenue of $40,930,775, with total assets of $195,503,775. Those companies - .paid $6,256,693 in dividends and $1,950,282 in interest on bonds. In all these respects as well as in the number : of messages, the telegraph as surpassed by its younger rival, the, telephone; and, while the telegraph has intrinsi cally grown rapidly and has in . itself the elements of steady in crease, the statistics contained in the special . report, fro Of the Census Bureau gives every war rant for the belief that each.' year ... must see a. wider dbrit j be-' tween these two vital means o V v il:: ill lb 1 fit )y,'"? ' Blslau fram the Grave. A prominent manufacturer' Wm "A. H ertwelJ, of JUucama, Ni O., re lates a most remarkable experience, lie says: "After takina-lees than three bottles of Electric Bitters, I xeei use one rising irom tne grave My iron We is lirieht's disease: in the Diabetes stage. 'I fully believe Electric Bitters will cure me per manently, for it has already 'ston- ped the liver and. bladder oompli. cations which have troubled me tor years. ' uuaranteed by al aruggisia. rnoe only ouo. v . ii aiwai keep a Dig asson ment of Ladies' Braceloai-noth-leg more stylish, r MoLean.Bosier intercommunication. This ' has been particularly,' emphasized during the strike now on, the ong distance" telephone I being called, into service and accom plishing tho same .results as te telekrabh. the .'difference of course, being in the time it takes to Ifecure : ' connection ,' between separated points. 4- I , The striking decrease between 1880 and 1903 in r the number of separate holdings due to the nu merous , consolidations which have' taken .place pt corporations previously compeprig or not be- ore under one "ownership has been ! accompanieoby'a very great increase in the, magnitude of equipment and business! In this connection it is interesting to know that the number of mes sages received - over he million and upwards of, miles; of tele graph wire were ,91,655,287 in 902, as against 81,703,181 in 880. In . 1880 the . number of messages, was reported for only 54 companies; of the 2 other companies reported only Ve ceipts from messages,' . live kept no record and one had had no message business- The average rate for each message in 1902, after deducting the numberof cable messages and receipt therefrom was 31 cents, as com pared with 43 cents in 1880. The number of telegraph offices in 902 was 27,377, an increase of 4,867, ."or '118.8 per cenf. oyer 880. Of the total number in 902 20,309 were in railway star ions. There are four different meth ods of operating telegraph wires! the single or Morse system, by which only . one message can be sent by key at a . time; the du plex system, by 'I whicH two"mes sages can be sent simultaneous ly; and printing and automatic systems, which make possible a higher rate of speed than can be obtained by hand. By one of the latter printing systems the West ern Union Telegraph Company has transmitted over 1,500,000 messages, but at the same time they do not gain ground either here or in Europe. STORY OP THE TELEGRAPH. From the earliest dawn pf civi lization there has been an insist ent effort to develop and perfect means of communication for the exchange of intelligence. Among some of the most barbaric' and primitive races ingenious meth odsfor signaling have long been known, and in the earliest record of the leading nations of antiqui ty are to be found frequent notes of the speed with which dispatch es could be sent,signals exebang ed and warnings given over great expanses of country by various noises, columns of smoke by day, bon fires on mountain peaks bj night, and other devices, some of which today, remain as obscure in their nature as they appear to have been certain in their results. It was in 1632 that Galileo refer red to an occult art by means of which sympathetic , magneiic needles, though widely separated could be made to exchange eig nals for purposes 4 of communi eating intelligence, but tins, it is believed, was merely the echo of a ; tradition or ; superstition which descended - from , the an dents. In 1727 Stephen" Gray made an electric discharge from an excited glass tube situated at one end of the line to pass over a circuit some seven' hundred feet in length suspended in thd air by silk threads and , thus effected the motion of a pith bell electro scope located: at the other end. Twenty : years later Professor Watson constructed a telegraph line that extended from the rooms Piles set quick and certain relief from Dr. Snoop' Magic Ointment. Please note it is made al.ne for Pilea and its tuun w pusiuve ioa ceruin. : xtcnlnjr. f f.vuuvuug ui uiitfu piles juisar ear like magic by its use.' Laree nickel capped glass jars 50 cents ; Sold by all VOUCH. , ' ( Full Una sJLadies' and Gent's WatcHej, all sizes and prices., Mo- uean-nozier uo. . . - - of the IZoyal Society of London over the house tops and used the earth as the return circuit. A year?; later our own Benjamin Franklin ; sent ucrude signals across r the Gchuylkill rive at Philadelphia. In 1774 ; an actus working telesraohic line was es tablished at Geneva Switzerland, by Lfisage, who had twenty-four vrres insulated in'glass tubes, buHed in the earth, and employ ed ''an ordinary ' f rictional f ma chine to deliver,' a charge to the wires, This was tne aawn of tne telegraphy of today, with' our: own Morse as the inventive genius. V MORSES INVENTION,' 'J In183T Mor4fe filed his caveat in the United States Patent office, and six months later applied for a patentr ; which he obtained in 1840.V In 1837 Morse made a re port to the .Secretary of the Treasury of the . United Slatest with regard to, bis telegraph sys1 tern, and in the following year it was"- exhibited ' before' the Presi dent of the United States and his Cabinet t, He . then attempted to secure aid from Congress for the construction of a., line j About forty miles in length' between Washington and Baltimore, and finally a bill was passed by a small majority appropriatirig$30,- 000 for this purpose. This line was duly constructed and on May 24th 1844. Miss Ellsworth. 1 w :'r.- ' r a , v j w daughter of the United States Commissioner' of Patents, sent over it the : memorable message, "What hath Ged wrought?'' , A short time afterwards the na- lonal , Democratic convention, sitting 1 in Bsltimore, nominated Polk for President', and the im mediate transmission of the news by telegraph toWasbington not only caused a sensation but help ed the young invention ih many ways During the session of 1844-45 Congress made an appro priation of about $8,000 to keep the system in operation during the year and placed it under the supervision of . the . Postmaster General. A tariff of one cent for every 'four characters was Insti tuted and Messrs.' Alfred Vail and. J. H. Rogers, who were'as sociated with Professor Morse in the. building and construction of the telegraph, were appointed operators under : Professor Morse's superintendence, v;Af ter the expenditure of the amount appropriated by Congress, the government declined to go any further in its assistance, andal so refused to purchase the Morse telegraph for $100,000, the price at which it was offered by the inventor and his associates. Thus contrary to the practice prevailing in Europe the, tele graph reverted to private hands, and has so remained up to the present time. - The Morse system has always been based essentially upon the operation of a lever key, the de pression and raising of which opening and closing the circuit causes great series of longer and shorter electrical- impulses to pass over the wire, thus making corresponding - clicks with the sounder, or. imprinting them selves ontape.Sn dots and dashes, the nature andsequence of which translate themselves into letters' and numerals ' Notwithstanding that three-quarters of a century Of tremendous electrical develon ment has Recurred since the in stitution of he first Morse; tele graph system. The whole! tele graphic system of ' the world is still based primarily and essen tially upon the skill of the hand; that is to sayt upon manual oper ation as distinguished from' me- SfATBOFOKIO, OnT OF Touhw, 1 ' : ' " LCCAS COCKTT. "" I , Prank J. ilhiur mkM Mik .v. . u. i partner 0f (he firm ot P. J Cheney Oo and ntate aforesaid, and that um par the sum of ONK HUNDRED DOLLARS for . J. CHENEY. owv.uwvnurv mm ana luoeanped in m preaeaee, thts th day of December. A. D7uL VrrVaBir BPtra a m t- Hall's Catarrh Cnr u t. k. m . T. . . , Tl.. A seta directly oa the blood andaraooas inrlaoes vS lWaa mm . aa..JA . - m L' ,fJ OHMIEY h CO. Toledo, O. Mi kr all Drassute. 78c. tl Take Hall's Faailiy nils for CoastlpaUosu chanical transmission.' ' In other words, telegraphy remains as it was in the , beginning, a handi craft. " U I ' ;l: , This is the story of the tele graph. To the thousands who aw out f of . their offices because of wrongs,, either real 91; fancied, it is veil known, but to the mil lions who use the telegraph and who are greatly inconvenienced by the strike of the telegraphers which ; involves every Section of the country and every' business it will be a story full'-of himan interest I and will show not only the marvelous . development, .but still more marvelous possibilities when t the companies and their employes meet together in amity and cordial relationship. rN v 'l ' ZACH .McGHEE That Standard OH Fine. ' - ; " 'i fit.. - Memphis Newt Scimitar. ' : '"', ' They; haven't yet determined how many trains it will take Scar ry the $20,240,000 from the Stan- dard Oil's' WaU, Street vaults .to the . government's Treasury un less paid in silven In such event there' would be required l7l ,flat cars with ;a s capacity', of', 33,000 poundsj; f. . '.t.fp It would build five .first-class ttleships or a new subway for New York City. "; , . It wonld : yield a perpetual in come of $4,027 a day. Itwould make 914 tons. of sil ver dollars requiring 304 teams to transport it. It would build 2,924 homes at $10,000 each. 4 . It is the income for one 'year at 4 per cent, on 1731,000,000, p. It is about 2 per cent, of the national debt of 1906. , It is B5 cents for every man, woman and child in Tthe whole nrnntrv. " It would take 48,730 street la borers one year to work out the amount; . 1 J ; . It' is the annual revenue of Mexico- " 1 "" . ' v It is nearly one-half the capital of the Bank of England. . , It is nearly one-half the bum ber of silver 1 doiJars in circu lation , - ' v-H It is , twenty-nine times the capital stock of. the, Standard Oil Company of Indiana, the cor pbration fined. , . ' - It is 4,783 times the annual salary of Judge Landis, whoim posed the fine. f O. W. Robertson, an adopted son of W. A. Robertson, of Char lotte, was shot through the shead and instantly killed last Friday night in Asheville by Policeman J. B. Allison- Robertson was-a fireman of the Southern Ry He was trying to gain admission to a house of ill fame and the of ficer was summoned and ihot the man, claiming that be resisted arrest. ' he , . SeciiVfeelrJy 1 u , I 1 ."SB; fcN v w.. f 1 0 I 1 1 I l' 9 H - if S I. Is -published Mondays Land Thursday of ; v eacli week. It-gives AU.the Nov73.it thiixks ' -: itsreaderswould.be espedaUy.intorested-. ". .. . '-.'.'.';.. - in and particularly the' News dflocai na- -, v !ture. . ; 1 :.MlJ , :" . .. "!.,.. If Hasf Comspidenf'lll ;0KfiJIte jComity , w Ana enaeayprs to Keepjts readers m touch YfKu nu me: aappenwgs 01 interesii 10 inem. , Wshould like(t9 have a copy of lhe paper taken in eyery home hi the county and by those who have movei&way.,and still; re- tain their interest in the county and its' people. There are one-hundred and three issues .a yeari all 4-1 For i 1 1 .1 v Sometimes the head6f tlie tamily "is iiot interested enough to subscribe fpr the. pa- ' it per and read it himself, but he .. should not expect his family to have thS same indiffer ence to reading. Subscribe for their sake. ' J l' 1 ' " 5 f ' t 1 As to the paper as an inn 'p. Will Ziglar, a prominent citizen who lived near Madison, shof and killed himself on the morning of the 24th. ; He leaves a wife and fiv .children. , No cause .is as signed for the deed. - 'Mrs. Effie Ingle; of Asheville,' while attempting to whip her 12-year-old : son last .Friday, was struck by the boy-and, falling to the floor, ruptured a valve of the heart and died in a few seconds. , An Attractive Booklet.' i ' The Industrial Department of tHe Sea board Air Line Railway baa just issued a very attractive Magazine devoted to the Industrialjknd Agricultural Development of the South. This issue contains a very interesting article descrrptiye of the James town Exposition and will prove very good reading to those wha contemplate attend ing. It contains handsome views of all the Government and State Buildings, Hampton Roads, Birds Bye View pf the V A great many people in the towns and the O county have something ib'-selL VToo often they accept the offer of one man, the ! first Grounds, Geographical and , Historical maps of Norfolk-Portsmouth and the Jamestown Exposition, and that portion of Virginia in the Vicinity of Jamestown. Copies of this magazine can be secured by addressing C. H. Gattis, Traveling Passen ger Agent, Raleigh, N. C. : ,V J0-f-aiasaaSw ....?.'.,. $S.2S Rouna Trip to Norfolk. Va. " The Seaboard now sells coach jexciuv skn tickets for all trains on Tuesdays and Fridays to Portsmouth for $55. limited seven days; season tickets, f ia.So; 6o days, $. today. fM&': ' ' ' : For other information, see yourtageut. ;i -C. H. Gattia, T. P. A., 7-i8-3t tt Raleigh, N. C J , one . who happens along, while if they were 1 1 to advertise paA give the oWerJeUows' a , ' . ' chance they mlght get considerably more if 3 rvifr 111 u 7S m a f . 4, . We furnish Lowest Rates on application "si Lumbertoia, tMi: Co 4 ... ... f V , ,'i mih llfa.gi),,.)).!.!;! V 1.
The Robesonian (Lumberton, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Aug. 29, 1907, edition 1
2
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