iVE, REFERENDUM RECALL NO FIELD NATIONAL POLITICS iTIVE GOVERNMENT, AS CON FRAMERS OF CONSTITUTION, E BULWARK OF CIVIL LIBERTY TIME TO ABANDON UNWORTHY SECTIONAL ABASEMENT eparting from Path Established by the Fathers ED BY MR. UNDERWOOD BEFORE CATHOLIC - NEW YORK CITY DECEMBER 19, 1911. The most humiliating paradox in American politics to-day is the shrink ing attitude of some oi our own peopla toward the presidential possibilities of Southern men. The civil war, the memories of which furnished the nursery for this indefensi ble sectional abasement, is SO years at our back. Ninety per cent of the Amer ican voters who elect a president re member this war and its dividing rancor only as history. With outstretched hands, having given every proof of view ing Mason and Dixon s line as no more political barrier than the Mississippi r the Rockies, the dominant generation ,it the North invites the South, its pub lic men, by right of citizenship and by right of demonstrated ability, into full fellowship in the nation's counsels. South Wanting in Boldness What has been the answer of the South at least, the answer that may be interpreted by the silence or the diffi dence of hundreds of thousands of rep resentative Southerners? Obsessed by the ghosts of half a cen-j tury ago, guilty of an embarrassment of the manner in which the North views the situation. We use Underwood only a an illustration, though his niagnilicent record as House leader during the spe cial session would, as. our correspondent declares, have assured his nomination 'with a sweep" had he lived at the North ! To the North, it makes no dif ference where Underwood, or any other one of the galaxy being discussed, was born. The representative Northerner docs not bridle at mention of Bull Run or Gettysburg. It remains for the South to develop political stage fright over these diminishing chapters in our his tory. The last smouldering embers of sectional acrimony were stamped out by the Spanish-American war. The last barriers between North and South were crumbled before the achievements of Joe Wheeler, of Fitzhugh Lee, and of many of the younger generation on both sides. The most convincing evidence of this j fact is the manner in which the nation received the announcement of the broad and patriotic action of President Taft in elevating Justice White, a Confed erate veteran, to the Chief Justiceship of d a sel'f-eonsciousness that is nothing I the United States Supreme Court. A f government is the protection of life, liberty and prop ng of property rights is essential to the advancement of awake to the realization that the just enforcement of ntial to good government than the enactment of new and a half ago the Federal Constitution was written ; in its fundamental features for our State Constitutions, ncnted with almost every conceivable method of govern- ycars before the birth of our republic. The statesmen of the new government were essentially students of the t and lovers of the liberties of the people. Most of lives and their fortunes in the struggle for their country's n can justly charge them with either lack of informa sential principles of government, or want of honesty government that would secure to themselves and their ct Union, establish justice, insure domestic Tranquility, m defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the themselves and their Posterity." rld's First Written Constitution. the world its first written Constitution, created a gov solute contradistinction to a government of men. The ral Constitution were familiar with the repeated f ali ased on the principle of a direct democracy, where the law-making power1-and in some instances the- ultimate ountry. & ' ' angers of a Direct Democracy. history of the past that those governments had failed the liberties of the people had been destroyed by the which marked the administration of a government where the forum by the assembled multitude, and were not the cted men especially trained for the work in hand. : failure of every direct Democracy was due not to purpose on the part of the aggregate citizenship as but to the fact that they were often swayed by their prejudices, and lacked intimate knowledge of the re ctions. his individual entity will controvert the Golden Rule unto others as they would be done by, but it is rarely ibled populace can divorce itself from its selfish desires ustice to those who may be temporarily in the minority. and excesses of a direct Democracy, the framers of vored to establish a government that would protect the the individual and at the same time reflect ultimately in the enactment of the law of the land. Representative Form of Government. :nd, they established a representative form of govern te a law-making power responsive to the will of the ; time they wrote in the Constitution certain checks and revent the more brutal force of a majority from de 1 property rights of the individual. rne in mind that the framers of our Constitution were Iish freedom of Government, for they created a Gov ain delegated powers expressly given to the Nation by 5 the States the right to make most of the laws that f the citizen. The underlying principle of the Consti e the liberty of the citizen and the protection of his the power of the Government itself. ependent Judiciary Established. t these rights, an independent judiciary was established Executive nor the Legislative branches of the Govern ihe guaranteed rights of the individual, e framers of the Constitution were unwilling to trust idy, held in check by the veto power of the Executive; mbridled abuse of the power, they established Constitu berty that a majority of the people could not trample nt itself destroy. 1 majority of the people will not endanger the liberties iridual. I wish that this were true, but the history of shown that at times the people, when unchecked by es, have destroyed individual rights and individual nwise Changes Now Proposed. y some that we shall in part abandon the representative our Revolutionary fathers, and adopt a system that in i a direct democracy when the ultimate power to make .rectly in the hands of all the people, and the independent rotect the Constitutional guarantees of individual liberty ent to the will of the majority through political com- Madison and Hamilton, soldiers in the war for Ameri ught their great minds and mature judgments to the tion of the United States, but there is one whose sincere doubted as to the value of a representative government rect one, even by those who doubt the sincerity of pur f opinion of other men. Jefferson's Wise Views. ;qual rights of man," Thomas Jefferson declared: ave the signal advantage, too, of having discovered which these rights can be secured, to w:t: Govern , acting not in person, but by representatives chosen Declaration of Independence, knowing that all popular time, resting on the direct decisions of the people, had had reverted into uncontrolled despotism, rejoiced that hen a representative government could express the will s now proposed to abandon the representative principle hed by our fathers and revert to the direct action of inciple of an Athenian democracy adapted to modern 'ernment Only Check on Excesses and Passion. t)vernment was established to guard against the ex- jht the ancient direct popular government to destruction. iment does not at all times immediately resp-nu io pumic ome who insist that the principle of government is at nged. They do not reflect that at times they may mis ment. that at other times the instrument of the govern- ve whom the people can change at recurring periods) basic principle of the government itself. legislator leads me to believe that the Congress of the .-ays ultimately respond to the enlightened and mature! e. ides of public sentiment, we have repeatedly experienced : of the taxing powers. legislative branch of the government in direct response recent years ennct railroad rate legislation, pure food publicity of campaign funds, rational quarantine, irrigate . ild the T'thmian Canal. Can it be truthfully said that d ultimately to place on the statute books the laws that riean people were in'favcr of as a result of their perma Igment? (Continued on Next Column.) snort ot arrant sectional cowartlice, there is a feeling among many South erners tnat tne wraitns oi me sixties till stand between the South and the White House the South and that par ticipation in the nation s voice, the na tion's destiny, to which the nation is eager to admit us. The consequences of this abnegation of common manhood could not be more forcefully portrayed than in the words of the Constitution's Washington corre spondent, in a dispatch discussing the presidential status resulting from the Harvey-Wilson-Wntterson episode.- "If he," writes our correspondent, canvass ing the possibilities of Oscar Under wood, the brilliant Alabamian, along with other Southerners, "pays the penal ty of being a Southern man, it will be he South and not the North to ex act it." South's Political Stage Fright That is also an accurate delineation protesting snarl rose here and there from the irrcconcilables. And the voices most bitter in denunciation of that jaundice came from the Northern press! It is only essential for the occa sional freak firebrand to rise and at tempt to wave the "bloody shirt," to be 1 uried with ridicule, not only by his confreres, but as well by the news- course, as a people, to be so interpreted. It is not in human nature to accord respect, where self-respect is absent How, then, can we expect the remainder of the nation to continue to respect us, when we grovel in the dust of a by gone era, and let go by default the rights inherent in American manhood? For virtually half a century the South has furnished the hewers of wood and drawers of .water for the Democratic party. It has, faithfully with each re current four years, furnished the Democ racy's army and its line officers cheer fully yielding command to other sections. With a smile, it has steadily forsworn the political loaves and fishes, content, for the sake of the party, that they go to doubtful States time and again to States most of us knew at the time were steel-riveted Republican. Let Us Claim Our Birthright I-or 50 years we have eaten in the political kitchen. Consistently, we have waxed cheerful when denied even the dubious privilege of the second table And to-day, when the clock of destiny strikes, when the door of opportunity is wide ajar, when the North actually lives up to that prophetic utterance in the Senate of Ben Hill, "We are back in the house of our fathers, and we are here to stay, thank God!" a few of us are still Ditisnmg ana stammering, still wearing political sackcloth and ashes, still up to the old , easy mark game of doing ah FREE LIST BILL VETOED BY PRESIDENT TAFT DRAWN BY CHAIRMAN UNDERWOOD OF THE WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE A Bill of Direct Benefit to the Farmer, Whose Hopes Were Dissipated by a Repub lican President papers of all sections. of our common tie drudgery, with none of the cake country. and ale! Let's end this disgraceful tarce! We furnish, have long furnished, the electoral votes, the powder and shot, tne munitions, of the Democratic party Let's assert those equal rights and privi leges as American citizens, as the re mainder of the nation fraternally bids us to do. Let's cease the stultification of informing the nation, by our actions, that we cannot bring forth a man capa- me ior tne presidency, tor the sec tional cowardice, here and there mani fested, is equivalent to that shameful and ungrounded admission. The Con stitution, Atlanta, Ga., January 21, 1912. Not a Question of Expediency or Discretion In the face of these cumulative facts, there are some in the South who still question if, "on account of past of fenses," it is "discreet" or "expedient" for a Southern man to offer himself for presidential honors! We insult our selves, we debase our manhood, we sur render the rights the North is so willing to concede us, when we permit our A New uoader From the South "The President's veto, of course, de stroyed the Free List Bill, as well as all the other features of the Democratic platform. The special session, however, was not without far-reaching results. Its chief accomplishments were a reor ganized Congress and a resurrected Democratic majority under a new lead ership. It also emphasized the new part which the Southern States are now playing in national affairs. With a Southerner as Chief Justice, a Southerner as majority leader in Congress, and Southerners as prominent candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination Clark, Underwood and Wilson the nation is certainly more united than at any time since the Civil War. No man rejoices more over this changed situa tion than Underwood. He is even more interested in the solidarity of the forty eight States than in the union of the Democratic party." Burton J. Hen drick in McClure's Magazine, February, 1912. Alabama's Candidate Mr. Underwood's service to the coun try during nine terms in the National House of Representatives has, been most distinguished, and has made his name a household word in the homes of the people. For more than 20 years he has been in the very front of his party's battle line, a leader from his youth, and ever faithful to his party's principles and candidates. No Democrat can find a flaw in his political record; no charge of desertion in any campaign ; no accu sation of serving special interests can lie against him. 1 1 is congressional colleagues respect him for his sincerity, his high sense of honor, his sagacity and his acknowl edged ability, and this in itself is an infallible proof of his merit, for none know so well the capabilities of a statesman as those who have served many years with him and noted his conduct in days of peace and those of political storm. Cincinnati Enquirer, October 23, 1911. Underwood for President The argument that he lives too far South to be available is without weight. The country has reached that state of union has been so closely drawn to gether by railroad and telegraph that Alabama is brought to the door of New York. Massachusetts and Texas are near neighbors and even the two Portlands, of Maine and Oregon, stand within easy hailing distance of each other. So far as any feeling of sectionalism is con cerned, or any prejudice against the se lection of a Southern man for the presi dency, Underwood is, like Lincoln, a native of Kentucky, and therefore as much Northern as Southern, was born during the Civil War, and grew to man hood after the old bitterness between North and South had died ot He is a big, brainy, courageous man. Balti more Sun, July 26, 1911. Underwood Presi dential Timber Mr. Underwood would make an ideal President. He is a broad-gauged, level headed citizen; he doesn't slip his cere bral cogs and go off at a tangent as a rabid exponent of revolutionary dogmas in an effort to popularize himself; he is uniformly courteous to all men; he be lieves in reducing the high cost of liv ing in this country, not talking about it ; he does not believe in destroying the industries of the United States while at the same time he is a thorough believer in the principles of tariff for revenue only. There k no flub-dub about Mr. Un derwood. He doesn't believe in shams. He is a big, brawny, brainy statesman, without his lightning rod out to attract the Democratic nomination for the pres idency, and largely on that very account he is liable to be the very man that will get in the way of the holt that may elevate him to the White House. J. W. Flenner, in the Times-Democrat, Mus kogee, Okla., October 28, 1911. Southern aders "Naturally the men who have led the Democrats in the House of Representa tives so successfully under trying con ditions are freely mentioned at the pres ent time as possible candidates for the presidential nomination by the Demo cratic Convention. These leaders are Champ Clark, Speaker of the House, and Oscar W. Underwood, a new and coming man. "Both are Southerners, by the way, but in my mind there is no reason in these days of broadening views and lessening prejudices why'a Southerner should not be nominated and elected to the presi dential chair of the United States. In fact, there are many reasons why it should be so." London cable of William Randolph Hearst in the New York American, Monday, September 25, 1911. Takes Up Underwood The years since the Civil War have rolled too fast and far 'to permit it to be conceivable any longer that the cir cumstances of Southern birth should constitute in Northern judgment a dis qualification in any degree whatever. Both as to nomination and as to elec tion the Southerner will be rated in 1912 on his individual merits. As far as this particular Southerner, Mr. Oscar W. Underwood, is concerned, it is agreeable to note the absence of geography in the regard in which he is held in all parts of the Union. New York Sun, 1911. (Continued from First Column.) The response may not be as rapid, but it is probably more permanent and there is certainly not as much danger of enacting hasty, ill-considered or bad legislation. cannot a committee oi tne congress, composed ot reoresentative men. initiate legislation, within the limitations of the Constitution, guard against ex- i cesses and abuses, protect the rights of the minority, voice the wishes of the majority, as well or better than the partisan friends of a measure who, in order that they may accomplish one result, are tempted to reach so far that they leave a wake of destruction as to collateral matters the measure touches? Untrustworthiness of Petitions. It is true that under the system proposed, a petition by a percentage of voters would first have to te obtained. But let every man ask himself how often he has signed petitions to please or get rid of the person who presented the paper, to determine what thought and deliberation will be exercised by the average man who signs a petition. People Suffer More From Failure of Law Enforcement Than From Lack of Proper Legislation. Should I stop to criticise our government, I would say that the people suffer far more from the failure to enforce the laws on the statute books than they do from the lack of proper legislation. How many remedial laws are to be found on the statute books, that if fairly enforced would remedy the evils we complain against; but it is so much easier to cry out for new legislation than to insist that our neighbor shall go to jail for violating the law we al ready have. If there are evils in our government as it exists today, it is not in its organic form. It is due to the failure of those in office to honestly, fairly and justly perform the duties imposed upon them. The remedy is plain and the way is clear. The people should drive from the places of power and responsibility the unfaithful servant and elect those who will be faithful and true to the trust imposed upon them. The People and the Representatives. You tell me the people cannot elect honest and faithful servants. I tell you that the masses of the people are far better judges of men than they are of measures, and are far more likely to select an honest man than an honest measure. When you say that the voter cannot select a public official who will reflect the will of the people in his office, and be faithful to the Constitution of his country, I say you reflect on the very first principle of free government and misjudge the honesty and the intelligence of the American people. Our Constitution was born in the hour wlirn the love of lilxrty and freedom was ripe in the hearts of men. For a century it has withstood the storms of war, greed, and intolerance; through the tempests of discontent, danger and disaster, it has protected the lives, liberty and property of our people. Let us elect honest men to public office, men who have the courage to stand for the true interest of the Constitution, they represent regardless of what effect it may have on their personal fortunes. There then will be no demand for a change of the fundamental principles of our government. A FALSE POSITION Rumors generally believed to have emanated from the camps of men who either are or have been considered as Democratic presidential possibilities, that Mr. Underwood, of Alabama, could not command the support of the North be cause of the fact that he is a South erner, are not only poppycock, pure and simple, but they place the men of the North in a false position in the eyes of the people of the South and tend to revive sectional feeling which has been buried for many years. The effects of such rumors are nil in the North be cause the people of the North know they have not one iota of truth, but people in the South are apt to take them more seriously, and there is where they may prove harmful, not only because of their tendency to cause dissatisfaction on the part of Southern Democrats, but be cause ot the eltect they may have in giving rise to sectional prejudice through false representations of conditions which do not exist. No Northerner would hesitate to support Mr. Underwood be cause he comes from the south. I he Argus, Albany, New York, November 23, 1911 MR. UNDERWOOD THE FRIEND OF ALL CLASSES MR. UNDERWOOD, FROM THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, SUBMITTED THE FOLLOWING REPORT (EXTRACTS). To accompany H. R. 4413. The Committee on Ways and Means, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 4413) to place on the free list agricultural implements, cotton bagging, cotton ties, leather, boots and shoes, saddlery and harness, fence wire, meats, cereals flour, bread, timber, lumber, sewing machines, salt, and other articles having had same under consideration report it back to the House without ' amend ment and recommend that the bill do pass. It was expressly stated in the Democratic platform of 1908 that the belated promises of tariff reform made at that time by the Republican Party were a tardy recognition of the righteousness of the Democratic position on this ques tion, but that the people could not safely intrust the execution of this im portant work to a party which is so deeply obligated to the highly protected interests as is the Republican Party , Agricultural Implements. Bv this j - -a-u. ..j Hu(,iuui.m3 vi cvciy Kinei are placed on the free list, in order to remove or to prevent any possible discrimination against our farmers in the prices of these necessary articles, and to place them on an pmial fnntinar with iUfir rrrr,f ,t-e :.. . u - ,j , . .. & ...... ...,.1,. j ujvnutic in me worm, uur do mestic manufacturers of agricultural tools, implements, vehicles, and machin- so K'"7 ij sitae yiuyui nuns anu are largely organized into great trusts ij j.u.i.i.u,,,, on, awning men prouucis ail over the world, meeting and overcoming all competition. They need no protection -f m w ..unt. xvi 4 nuuiuci ui years iney sold manv of ".Uni Y"u."V.'"--l .4'i'wcr-. P"ces man at home', -and sc. recently as 1907 agricultural associations in . public resolutions protested against this practice. The imports of these agricultural implements are in- tA tiVn? ti, 1 r .u uuuduie, in iviu, amounted to $122,302. The exports of these implements have become a matter of more importance than the domestic trade, the figures indicating an increase frnm $3 859,184 in 1890 to $28,124,033 in 1910. This foreign business wil be greaS ...v uuii.3 Hum luiiiuci, as provioeu ior in this bill. Bagging and Baling Materials. It is of the greatest importance to our producers of cotton anH ti,r ,-; cultural commodities that the materials necessary for bagging, sacking baling or otherwise packing these commodities be made free from duty, so that they may be available to the producers at the most favorable prices possible, with out shelter for the exaction of unreasonable prices by trusts and combinations of manufacturing interests. The bill, therefore, places all such materials and articles on the free list, including cotton bagging and cotton ties, jute and jute butts, hemp, flax, seg, tow, burlaps, and other materials or libers suitable for coverings, and bags or sacks made therefrom, together with all hoop or band iron or hoop or band steel for baling any commodity and wire for baling agricultural products. All these coverings and materials for making coverings are essentials in the transportation of agricultural products to their markets. The products can not receive the benefit of any protection in these markets and tor this and other reasons it is unfair and unjust to continue eluties on coverings ior agricultural produce, these duties have annoyed and burdened farmers and have served principally to increase the profits of exacting trusts and combinations. 62d Congress, 1st Session. H. R. 4413. An Act to place on the free lUr agricultural implements, cotton bagging, cotton ties, leather, boots and shoes, fence wire, meats, cereals, flour, bread, timber, lumber, sewing machines, salt, and other articles. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That on and after the day following the passage of this Act the following articles shall be exempt from duty when imported into the United States : Plows, tooth and disk harrows, headers, harvesters, reapers, acrricultural drills and planters, mowers, horserakes, cultivators, threshing machines and cotton gins, farm wagons and farm carts and all other agricultural implements of any kind and description, whether specifically mentioned herein or not, whether in whole or in parts, including repair parts. Bagging for cotton, gunny cloth, and all similar fabrics, materials, or cover ings, suitable for covering and baling cotton, composed in whole or in part of jute, jute butts, hemp, flax, seg, Russian seg, New Zealand tow, Norwegian tow, aloe, mill waste, cotton tares, or any other materials or fibers suitable for covering cotton; and burlaps and bags or sacks composed wholly or in part of jute or burlaps or other material suitable tor bagging or sacking agricultural products. Hoop or band iron, or hoop or band steel, cut to lengths, punched or not punched, or wholly or partly manufactured into hoops or ties, coated or not coated with paint or any other preparation, with or without buckles or fasten ings, for baling cotton or any other commodity; and wire for baling hay, straw,' and other agricultural products. Gram, buff, split, rough and sole leather, band, bend, or belting leather, boots and shoes made wholly or in chief value of leather made from cattle hides anel cattle skins of whatever weight, of cattle of the bovine species, including calfskins; and harness, saddles, and saddlery, in sets or in parts, finished or unfinished, composed wholly or in chief value of leather; and leather cut into shoe uppers or vamps or other forms suitable for conversion into manufac tured articles. Barbed fence wire, wire rods, wide strands or wire rope, wire woven or manufactured for wire fencing, and other kinds of wire suitable for fencing, including wire staples. Beef, veal, mutton, lamb, pork, and meats of all kinds, fresh, salted, pickled, dried, smoked, dressed or undressed, prepared or preserved in any manner; bacon, hams, shoulders, lard, lard ccjmpounds and lard substitutes; and sausage and sausage meats. Buckwheat flour, corn meal, wheat flour and semolina, rye flour, bran, middlings, and other offals of grain, oatmeal and rolled oats, and all prepared cereal foods; and biscuits, bread, wafers, and similar articles not sweetened. Timber, hewn, sided, or squared, round timber used for spars or in builel ing wharves, shingles, laths, fencing posts, sawed boards, planks, deals, and other lumber, rough or dressed, except boards, planks, deals, and other lum ber, of lignum-vitae, lancewood, ebony, box, granadilla, mahogany, rosewood, satinwood, and all other cabinet woods. Sewing machines, and all parts thereof. Salt, whether in bulk or in bags, sacks, barrels, or other packages. Passed the House of Representatives May 8, 1911. Attest: ' South Trimble, Clerk. UNDERWOOD THE HAN We have been humbugged and scared off long enough by the bogy of North ern prejudice against a Southern candi date. Underwood stands for just those things which recent Northern majori ties have declared they want a revi sion of the tariff downward and the destruction of special privilege. His qualities of leadership have been tested and approved. In his personality he is solid, clean and sane, with the cour re of a fighter and the clairvoyance of a true reformer, and if the South pre sents him as her candidate and the party ratifies her choice this fine, strong char acter of a new day in our annals will catch both the sentiment and the sober judgment of the North, sweep away the last remaining debris of the dead old war and its dead issues and carry enough States in that section to give us the Presidency. Live Oak, Fla., Demo crat, reprinted in the Montgomery Ad vertiser, January 17, 1912. UNDERWOOD A UNIFYINQ FORCE The Republicans cannot agree with his tariff views; the country, we are sure, will never put him into the presi dency, but assuredly he must be con ceded to be the ablest, the strongest, the most influential Democrat in Congress to-day, and he has shown a marvelous capacity for leadership. His party asso ciates stand solidly behind him, and that could not have been said of any other man in recent years who led the Demo crats in the House of Representatives. The shrewd Republican politicians who predicted that the Democrats in the House would be split into a dozen bitterly fighting factions in less than a month, are now amazed at Unelerwooers success as a harmonizer and a uni fving force. He has succeeded where everybody else failed; it seems likely that with the prestige of success he will grow larger and more powerful as time passes. We detest his political princi ples, but it would be folly to deny his strength and capacity The Post Ex press, Rochester, N. Y, June 21, 1911. FORAKER ON UNDERWOOD Mr. John Temple Graves will be in tenvn soon to make us a speech. He was in Birmingham the other night and The Age-Herald printed an interview with the former Georgian, in which that gentleman discussed Mr. Underwood as a presidential candidate. Mr. Graves said: "Mr. l'orakcr used to be very bit terly opposed to the South, but softened a great deal after his elevation to the Senate. I asked Mr. Foraker if in case Mr. Underwood is nominated for Pres ident, w ill it make any difference to you that he is a Semthcrn man?" '"Absolutely none,' said Mr. Foraker. 'Of course, I cannot vote for him, as I am a Republican, but if any Republican should get up anel denounce him because he is from the South, I would take the tump in Underwood's defense.'" That reads well, coming as it does .rom a man whose antagonistic attitude lowards the South in other days gave him the appellation of "Fire Alarm" Foraker. Montgomery (Alabama) Ad vertiser, reprinted in the Birmingham, Ala., Age-Herald, January, 1912. - i v