r
IT BM S 1 1 1'.D V Y K UI I) ER & lUNCMAk
..'Yoi. i......j.,n.
'I tie Wrier CtooLiMi is publuhed every Ttie;
,I, at TllKKE DOIJ.MLS per annum, payablo at the
cikI of nix niontU. , " . ; "- V
(JjNo paper will ltd discontinued until all arrearage
.., arc paid, unlcM At tin dracrt tion of the rdhom.
Whoever ill become re ponible for the payment of
, nine papers, hall receive a tenth gratit. t ,' . . -
AuTtiTif tMEXTt 'ul be iiiHcrtcu on Uic customary
trims. ' ' " --
No advertisement inserted unCnfhaj bccnVaUforl
or it payment assumed by tome person in Uu town, or
JM-Yidnhy; " ."
TAII letters to the editors must be ptttpdJ, or they
v ill hot be attended to. " " -
AinUtWIaTIUL.
lluil ! first of Art, source of domestic eac j
l'lide of the land, and patron of the scaa.
MJIM1GEMZYT OF A F.httM.
T Tilt XftlTOa or THk AMBRICAV riBMIR.
Ueaji sir: I should have made my ac
knowledgments for your late friendly letter,
but for a lame hand which deprived me of
the use of my pen. I feel sensible that every
aid should be rendered by the agricultural
part of the community, in not only dissemi-
natjw .your -truly useful paperr but' also-by
furnishing remarks which may have a tenden
cy to throw light on the subject. In com
plying with your request, to give a statement
of the product of the farm I reside on, I am
v.. induced, by a desire to gratify yoo,and with
;,, a hope that others may be led to offer sug-
gestions and experiments more useful ; con-
-
'X r.j X . t
.y uutm,v uiui vi mi proper management, ana
4 more personal attention, my own may be
jpv-'greatly surpassed.
, 'I4:vl..r.Vn'iI!,5J agiuai measuremcc,
WOjiuqcJrcd and sixty acres, indudine wood-
land, roads, homestead, and waste-ground.
n. Every field and lot on the farm is accurately
surveyed, which I deem absolutely necessary;
'. for here suffer me to remark, that though I
'have often heard of fields producing forty or
fifty bushels of wheat to the acre, I have nev
r r, from twenty years experience, been able
- - to exceed thirty bushels per acre, from a field
' of thirty-six acres, though my neighbors have,
in some instances, given me as high as forty.
I. am led, therefore, to believe, that those who
are particular in surveying their fields, and
ascertaining accurately the number of bushels
Peac have never,, from a field of fortv
acres, made thirty.five bushels per acre. The
cleared land on my farm is divided and cul-
tivated m'the following manner : I have sev
en fields of 25 acres each, on paper, (the fen-
ces will take off a little,) and five lots of dif
ferent sizes, from one and a half to seven
-acres, the five lots together making 25 acres',
including the grounds about my house. Two
of the above fields are cultivated annuallv. in
clover-hay, one field in cornf one half
ot a held m rye, and one half iji oats ; this
tanes lour of the seven fieldat flnd leaves me
io make
dear sir.
course, by keeping up one of mV clover fields
j "v
ior soiling. This mode I always Khly ap
proved, (hoiigh I could not prevail on myself
the cxperiraeht. Ve farmers, my
are too muchlwedded to old estab-
jisMj systems,, and frequently pursue them
in direct opposition to our better judgment.
far, my trial leads me jo rejoice at the
hane and l am fullynnncedt diat one
f, my fields of 27 acres, weTUetvrti pl.overi
will soil 19 head of steers. afTorrl t4n nrr
or nita baga,; one acre for potatoes, Ind leave
Such is my present impression. ' In preparing
my corn ground, it is twell ploughed ta the
and harrowed the same way we ploughed
Ur-In-theonth"ofMM
ing, all the manure I collect on my farm is
put on fhy corn ground y the manure is
ploughed under as fast: as carried out, and
the ground ,'cn ha
laid. off. for.. planltng,.by 'single-furrowrfour
feet each way. My time of planting is be
tween the 1st and the 12th of May. So soon
as my corn is up, I run a fallow harrow over
the rows of corn, and mv hands, with small
rakes, dress the hills of corn. I then sprin
kle a tea spoonfull of plaster on each hill ; the
plough is then used in throwing the furrow
from the corn ; my rakes 1 still employ to
uncover the, corn and our next process is to
return the furrow to the com, and plough out
the middles. When the corn is about knee
high, we add a half bushel of plister to the
acre, in broad cast j a double shovel plough,
or a small harrow, will then be sufficient to
leep the ground in order. I pay very great
attention to my farm-yard, which is dug out
sloping from the outer edges to the centre,
and forms a basin of about four feet deep in
the" cehlreT "whlchr1ttainr"tnc water. In
taking out my manure, my hands begin on
one side of the farm-yard, with grubbing hoes
made very sharp, and about six inches wide,
the manure is cut through to the bottom ; the
corn stalks, Scc. thus cut, which are six or
eight inches in length, are easily managed,
and without difficulty turned under by the
plough. We also, by this mode, aveid ex
posing too large a surface of the manure, the
bad effects of which is obvious to every far
mer in the smallest degree conversant' with
the subject. In cutting the manure and load
ing the waggons, the collection of water from
the manure is sometimes so great, as to ren
der it necessary for my hands to use planks
to stand onyin order to keep themselves dry'.
The manure thus completely saturated, with
the water dripping ftom the waggons when
loaded, is in a fine state to plough under. So
soon as my farm-yard is cleared of manure,
in the spnng of the year I commence ma
king my crop of manure for the next year, by
drawing into the yard the corn stalks left the
preceding winter : my cattle are still kept in
the yard, where they remain until the middle
of May, and are fed on the balance of wheat
straw, which is carefully preserved for them,
and thus lay a good foundation against the
month ot November following, at which pe
riod my stock cattle, (purchased during the
month of September v and October,) are
brought into the farm-yard, to. remain until
spring ; at the same time, I begin to draw in
my corn stalks, on which and my wheat straw
the cattle are supported during the winter
Uy this mode I - take out every spring -from
250 to 500 large. waggon loads of good ma-
nure,- i n-a n i ce-state for my-conr ground.
This dressing ;ach field receives once in sev
en years; which, with plaster and clover, I
find sufficient. But if soiling will answer my
present expectations, my ouantity of manure
will be greatly increased, as my cattle are
still in my tarm-yard, never having been out
three fields in clover for pasture. My wood
land is inclosed separately, which makes a
fourth pasture field until harvest. My five
lots furnish my hay. Oats and rye always
succeed corn,nd my fields of small grainlre
sown in clbververy sprintf. This has been
my general plan for seven or eight years. -(except to water,) since "last fall; nor will
have the present year commenced a different they leave it until ready for the "butcher,
wmcn, trom present appearances, they will be
hy tQ first of Aiigust My farm-vard is one
hundred feet long, by sixty feetwide ; and
enclosed on three sides, generally with a shed
1 he product of thc -abpve farm, On an
is
about forty hcad of black cattle, fifteen ditto
of Horses, and have always an abundance of
provender. My horses, milk cows, work
oxen, and sheep, have hay and corn fodder ;
my stock cattle live on wheat straw, and what
they pick from the corn stalks after they have
been thrown into the farm-yard. ' r
Kespectlully, your most obedient,
P. T1LC1IMAW. "
Jiuclland, (Ml) Jdnt J, 1820.
I can five you umnneertliaVthe average "U a low
one.
Occttftmti ArUclus.
avera?ei
1 100 bushels of
1100 do
4Q0 dq.
.300 do.
7000 weight of
Wheat,
Corn,
Oats,
Rye,:
PorV,
I iv.neau. grass-ieu :ueerv petweeu ty&JmLui.
VU LUk 1VJ1 11411 I V W - iikiAakAi It mA & - AuLL ft. tf I IT j 1A' .11 IX 1 .v-,'.,-
rao rns miltos iTr.LLivcxrai.
We have noticed, in some of the late
of the Wntrm Carttinian, that the (Irand Juries
of Ilurke and Rutherford counties have com
plained of the uneuual and onreitvi vtrm nf
representation that exists in our state under our
. . i . mm
present constitution. v e rejoice to see that this
subject begins to excite so much attention in the
Western part of our state ; and we know of no
plan more effectual that can he de
the sentiments of the people may be publirty
anown. a presentment ny the grand jury of a
county, we know, can be of little avail in itself;
yet it cannot fail to indicate in what liht the
subject is viewed by the great Ixxly of our West
ern citizens. We do not at nil hesitate in de
claring it as our opinion, that their cffortthoiml)
for a while ineffectuai;Vhust "ultimately prevail.
Our eastern friends may .not consent to a con.
vcmion this year or the next ; but vc think the
time is not far distant, when a due consideration
for the interest of the state, and for hc vital prin
ciple of democratic representation, must bring alt
parties to the same opinion. We are willing to
admit, that the framers of our constitution have
shown in that instrument a degree of rvindom
above all praise, and that the constitutions of states
should never be attacked for slight aud transient
causes but the least reflection on our political
situation, must lead all candid men to deprecate
our present system of territorial representation ;
under whkh, contrary to all the i-imh
fican ptindBlCs,' the Wriaritu. fihsteaci of the ma.
jority,) do reaJJy direct the councils of our state,
tiik nunc.
Exrn.miwKY.iitY ennx.
A writer in the PkMadelphia American Daily
Advertiser, noticing an account of coin 1 4 or 1 5
feet high, which was supjosed to be an uncom
mon hefohr, says that Mr. Jesse Shnrnle I h:it
city, 44 has had roin growing in rank luxuriance
. a m
some icct mgher ilian his thrcc-story brick house
in Market-street, firoAN J which house lises
proudly pre-eminent alxvc its compeers. How
ever improbable this may appear, it is an abso
lute fact, and is not considered as a phenomenon
by Mr. Sharplessf who possesses the means of
producing this cloud-canned com annuallv. with
out bestowing upon the culture of it any more
laoor man corn usually requires " After this,
Jack-thc-Giant-killer's bean, which trrew so hiirh
that the top was out of siVht, will hardly be con-
sicereci tdouious. Ave do not mean to say Jiow
ever, that such corn never erew us is described:
but we should like mightily to tee it 4
mo a natavh, (v t.) nun. '
Frjuji-e lxuvsvur.
We have iust had the treasure of eYamlninir
tn elee-ant specimen of linen shirtimr. in imit.
tion of fine Irish linen, manufactured by Mrs. L.
Smith, of Middleburv. in this count v. Th n.:.t
and finishedappcarancc of the. fabric wouJd-do
nonor 10 our lirst rate manutactnri. hhi i in
example of domestic ingenuity and industry wor
thy ,the imitation of our- fair cotnu rvwninin..
iaom&estimation-of-itsquality-and texture may
oe ootainea I roni in tact, that Mr. J. Lay, mer
chant of this village. Paid Mrs. Smiih one dDh,
and jfty cent per yard for the whole pieced'
' wdinxiXQ to iwsiLtYhs.
A farmer
utuatcdhy woman of abandoned character,
lately turned an amiable wife and children ont of
doors, to give room to a wretch who had seduced
mm ny ncr auurements. iniormation was given
to the' inaeTstrates that he had '&hsentrfl hlmsff
from his wife, and tlicrcby violated the law ; they
accordingl i'redovercers'' of t he; poor to
enforce the 22d section of the 44 ActToAhe relief
and settlement of the poor," by taking and seiz
ing tnc goods and chattels, md to let out and re
ceive the annual rents and profits of the lauds
aiL tenements of this uiifaithful husband, for the
benefit of his wife and children ; this Was duly
performed ; ami the -.alluring. Dulcina. who had
decoyed -the unwary firmer into her snares, nof
tijviticr rtied-a-iMSvrf residence in llift thwn. Was.
brought lfore the justice. to give an account of
hers'clt : she obstinately refused to give them any.
satisfaction ; she' was therefore convicted as a
disorder! v DersorTrsmTffmlffedffi J-iil fnr miv
Fnm DcD's Weekly llcfecnger, of 'July" 24.
We think that all our readers will concur with
our satisfaction at this termination of a system of
Government, as diigraceful as any thing which
hasexisted in modern history r" When we employ ?
these terms to express the character of the Nra
Klttan Cvtrrmiem, we do not use them hazily
nor without due consideration. It Is perfectly
li;Ve.' un:l ? know Ju that the character of tb
King of Naples was neither despotic nor even
vicious, in the moral sense of the word, ft is
jx rrcctly true that he is a man of simple habits,
of humane and benevolent feelings, and of alT-blo
and Ingenuous address, but when we have made
theseacLnowledgmcnls, we have aaid all that caii
be ssiid in his favor. He is a prince, if noi totally
without education, at least without any of those
lenefis from culture which are necessary to qual
ify aptwnevenfor a kinJIuundersunding is
of an inferior order. His pleasures are in the
chace. I Ic hes no will of hi own, because with
out the information upon which to form one He
is. and always has been, governed by his favout.
itcs. and those favourites, even in the lst times,
of that degree of talent and knowledge, which
we arc accustomed to see in England in men ap
M)inied lobe Lord ChamUrlains and Masters of
the Horse, or Masters of the Ceremonies at Hath
or Cheltenham.
It may readily lc imagined, what must have-..,
Jjceuilus system of administration under such a"
King and such ministers, when a constitution, so
loosr and open as to oppose no restraint whatev
er t the royal will, rendered the actual govern
ment of the country nothing more than the will
and discretion of the minister of the day. Ac
cordingly, Turkey alone excepted, and scan ely
excepted, there were more examples of the gross
est tyranny anil ill government in Naples than in
any other kingdom in the world. Almost all the
barons, and who arc nearly as numerous as our
loity-shilling freeholders in England, lud a sig
norial jurisdiction on their lands all their llar
onies were franchises, or rather County Palatines ;
they had the power of imprisonment, rnd of all
all offenders in their courts, and imposed 'penal
lies at their pleasure. Every man within their
district w as totally within their power and at their
mercy. They abused this power to the monnn.
oly of all the necessaries of life and the pro
duce of the land. No one could gather their own
vintage, nor reap the harvest on their own lands,
until the Baron's steward made his circuit through
every field, and appointed the quota which every
one was to send to the IJaron at a fixed price,
such price moreover, to be fixed by the steward.
This monopoly extended to every thine. All
the rcinainim' produce mL'ht be sent to in irlrf.
but under the restriction, that it must be I'round.
at the Daren's mill.
The next intolerable burthen was in the tairrs.
not, indeed, in the rates, but in the vexatious
and merciless manner in which they were collec
ted. The taxes, like the Harnn's nnofa. r in
- - - -- wwy f w w a a
kind, and were assessed in the same manner
The collectors travelled the country like the Tl.ir.
on'a steward, and, like him, surveyed everv field
severally They then affixed the portion to be
paiu oy me proprietor. II thee were afterwards
any failure of payment, the most mereilcs nrn-
cceding was resorted to The family of the pro-
prieior was euectuaiiy eradicated Irorti the dis
trict, and the proprietor himself sent to a nrium.
where he remained forgotten forever, an.l there
in, most probahly, a prisoner for Iffe. llesidcs
there was a poll-tax, or so much per head for every-
male and female jibove twelve y,ears old the
effect prwhiclLM withdcfaultcrs
from one end of the kingdom to the other. VAU
those who did not pay it were subject to be seiz
edTinfriffipTl5o"fif d rand as such imprisonment
was afterwards reviewed by no one, 1' was equiv
alent, as above said, to imprisonment for life. I f
a neighbourhood was at any time infested by moro
beggars than was deemed convenient, they might
be all seized for the poll-tax. and sent bv dozens
and scores to the common jail in the capital.
Jhe security of person and property in the
privileged classes, depended only upon their own
personal ; power. The roads and caverns,' weio
Covered with travelling brigands, so that travel
ling after sunset, even in the icinity of the cap
ital, was toexpose the traveller to certain-robbery,
lind probable ttssassination or murder. .
Women young girls irt particular, wcTCrwatchp
ed lcyon(tihc walls of a town or city, and then
seized andjearried off to the house of any .'profli
gate fidron, who might choose to employ his surf'
vants or hired brigands in such Ffcemcei 'fit wag ;
totally fruitless to appeal to trie laws, even where
the criminal was known. .' The judgment was
inte rceptcd by privilege, (ear, or direct favor, ljy
privilege, as perhaps the place where the act was
comiiled was within the jurisdiction f some oth
er. Baron, and who had, therefore, a figln to hear
and decide: the cause in his bwh lenrirt 4; c
?J'n5f thrrgadsktheintep
1;
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