PttlLISIlED DY KIUDHR 8; BINGHAM.
Vol. I ;JCo. IB.
.,.,!. .
Tbo Wwtai CiMUMtii ia published every Tuet.
div, at TIIUKB DOLLARS per annum, payable at the
end of six month - ' '
s (O'No Pper will be discontinued until VII arrearage
7wpil"c1iSnS ttelircrfC)nthTc"djtor.
Wlcver IU become responsible fur the payment of
' tune papers, liaU receive a tenth grntit. . ...
AvtBTMEXtxT,Ul be iiutrttd on tlio cuatomary
tfftytr;
- "Ko Ke HmwnVinnUl jt jya'Jffip'Mfon
; Jr lt'PWilHWm4biriom pcrajnJhtiWfn, or
iu vicinity.
C?!AU .letters to the editors nuuA be pott-put J, or they
IU not be attended to.
.Gftt,cJurvjiui..
Hall! first of Arts, aource of domestic ease ;
Pride of the Lnd, and patron of the km.
raox t AXtaicix watcbju.
.VewcaWr Hundred, Juj. 2P, 1819.
To Dr. DavMSlcuart, Prcnideiit of the
Agricultural Society of Newcastle County.
Sir : At our itock of practical agricultural
information must depend upon individual con
tributiens, I hope, as the widow's mite' was
"""Veil received, the trifle I now offer may be
!upfalTeaTs "
When I became" a member of the honora
ble society over which you preside, it was in
the hope and expectation of being benefited
by the instruction I should receive from the
observations and experience of the industri
""Hous and enterprising agriculturists composing
f Anat society, beiog collected as it were, into
one common fund, upon which, as a needy
l and experienced member, I could draw at
J ,' discretion, as occasion might require j paying
an Interest to the society, by giving them a
f Jilihfulicrouptjif
covenes as I may have made upon the infor--.
-mation so obtained, or otherwise.
The only thing I have to offer in that way
Vaf present, is on fall ploughing, as a winter
'fallow for a corn crop ; and perhaps there
Is i no periodical operation in preparing the
ground for a crop more deserving attention :
it-has beenrecommended frequendy as an
!i almost certain preventative against the rava-
get of the cut-worm in corn ; and philosoph-L-ical
theoriststell us, that land turned up to
the winter frosts and snow, will collect nitre.
T-- (from the atmosphere;) which they say is the
ir vital principle of vegetation.
I commenced farming where -I now live,
in thejspring of 181 7 on a kindly soil, though
most miserably broken down by hard usage
and neglect. My ground was flushed up in
April, and corn planted in squares of four
feet sjx inches, in the-first week in May. he
- 'CUtfWorm was so destructive in that year, that
we replanted the third time: the season was
unfavorable, and I had a very light crop.
Desirous to avoid'a like disappointment, and
to give thl ground the advantage of collect
ing-nitreTploughehe-fitild-intended-for
the next year's crop in November. The in
jury done by the cut-worm to corn generally
?. was. small in 1818, compared with the prece
ding year; t6 mine it was trifling : Thesea-
-soirmsvfcd-faro
d deed state orihe land under cultivation, I
had a much better crop of corn than I could
v.r2liav:eu'.ccte(w)thdu manure : the eacs.
were large and fine and so early made, that
I commenced cuttings it off the ground the
15th September, thus" having all the fodder
without injury to the grain, either in quality
or quantity. Still bearing in mind thecut-
Jrmandjh
unexpected good crop this :yCar, that much
benefit had resulted froin the fall ploughing,
f determined to adhereHQjhe: practice, and
. accordingly gave my intended corn ground
for the present year a pretty deepdughiitg
in the latter en!Lojf i last Novemberlas nearly
the ground, as the form of, the field would
permit : thus it laid open and exposed to tha
winter froits, which completely pulverized
tlieswaTdJlhe rain and melted snows were
readily1 and entirely absorbed by the soil and
clay below the reach of the plough, and I observed-
the surface become mouldablc much
ewlier in April, than those lee fields which
for their corn. Between the 16tTfand 20th
April,! had mycbrrifallows well haTrowed,"
and by the 30th had them cross-ploughed,
then harrowed again ; and on the 1st of May,
when we began running out the rpws, the
whole field was in a state of preparation, as
mellow and fine as a Ballad bed. We ran the
first furrows about the same depth the ground
had been ploughed, exactly four feet six
inches, not quite so deep as the first, leaving,
a little loose mould in the bottom of the firtt
furrow $o plant upon, which we did the 4th
and Jth May four grains in each hill, with
out deviation. The corn came up wU no
cut-worm appeared to its injury ; and on the
2d June we gave it two strokes on each row
with the fallow harrow, and a light dressing
with thccornrakes-
The ground was extremely mi'llow and fine,
and quite clear of clods. TV next week I
reduced the stalks to three in each hill, and
plastered it About the middle of June, the
neighbor; all round had been some time at
work in their corn fields, some with ploughs,
and others withfluke harrows, raising such a
dust, that at a distance any one would have
thought they were sowing plaster broad-cast
on their corn fields, i thought I would be
doing something too, though my corn looked
well, and I could not see that it wanted any
thiug, the ground being clean and mellow
We however went to work w ith the fluke
harrow; but it so disfigured the surface of
the ground,' and turned the moist mould up
to the hot sun and wind, that I could not bear
the operation the fluke harrow was dismis
sed ; and on the 14th and 15th, ran the fid-
low harrow over it again, across the first har-
t a
Towing; gave it a lignt dressing witn the
corn rakes, and the whole field looked as
smooth as an onion bed. The 30th June, at
night, we had a copious-shower, which put
the field in fine order for working. On the
1st and 2d j uly, turned a furrow to the" corn,
and gave it a hoe dressing: thus it lay until
the 15th, when we had a light shower in the
evening, and the next morning we went into
the corn field with the fluke harrow, to fluke
down the middles ; but it left the surface so
rough, that I took out the three flukes, and
put in seven square teeth taken out of the
fallow harrow, with which we harrowed down
the middles lengthwise, twice in a row.
Thc 26th of July we had another light
shower in the afternoon ; 6n the 27th, suck
ered and cross-harrowed with the seven toothed-harrow,
two -strokes in, a row, and-so-laid
it by the ground quite smooth and level, ex
cept a small rise round each hill,'' left by the
harrow passing on the different sides at about
six inches distant. from the stalks; and my
cornrlthink'I -can say - with' truthhas'siaf
fered very-little by the drought when that
of my neighbors was of a bad color, and
shriveled Jand , t misled; as though scorched
with fire, mine was smooth glossy," and pre
served its deep green color through the driest
and hottest weathtr, and I think it full as
good a crop as I had last year.
. I now return to some observations on fall
rfenCed from a wjnter fallow in raising a corn
crop. 1st. It turns up the grass roots, Sec.
to perish and -commence decomposition at an
earlier period than if left in a state of vegeta
ble life for a spring ploughing tp destroy.
ilcl. Exposes the sward to the frost, which
my stiffit ground, and render St Ct for the
plough and harrow to work in earlier in the
spring than the unploughcd ground will be,
and thus give a mellow mould to plant and
work the coin in. 3d. The corn Will require
less, work in the busy season : a fall plough
ing X consider tqual to.two summer dressings
of any kind, on-thc score -f-keeping XHi
ground, dean, and .nulla ...,4th. .J . consider
clods the greatest enemy corn can have, ei-
thef15nrthcsurface of the'ground or below it. J
Those below the surface oppose a resistance
to the tender corn roots which they cannot '
overcome, and are obliged to make their way
through the interstices or opening which con
tinually exist between them, in which, if they
do not perish, at least, they cannot thrive.
Those clods on the surface absorb the dews
and night showers, and give them again to the
winds, thus depriving the earth of its natural
supply of moisture, the effects of which, upon
young corn, must be evident to first view.
5th. Last, hut not least; ground well plough
ed in November in our soil, will absorb and
let down into the soil below, all the rains and
melted snows during the winter and first
spring months,-(none- ran off my-fidds- last
winter norsprihg,') thus providing a reservoir
of moisture immediately under the roots of
the corn, which will rise to the surface
Advices at Constantinople! announce that Ali
Pacha in treating for the Durchate of vessels of
war. He offers 100 sequins each for teamen,
giving the preference. It is said, to those of North
AoieticaHr hai appropriated one millkHf of
sequiWojbs 1 "tabjuhmentof
his intention to arm s great nVmbcV of gtin-boatV, " "
to be uved against the heavy Turkhh ihlpsr
On the 8th July, Sir Charles II iot. new Mic
ister to the Court of St-Peternburjhrhad hii
first audience, and presented his credential.,
the Kmpeior. On the aame (lay, Mr. Camp,
bell, our MinUter at that Court, had a private
audience.
A letter fromn.iyonnc, dat'rd July 20, staten " T
on the authority of piivate letters from St. S -basiiufi,
that the Dutch and Alcritie aquadrotm
have had an' obstinate engagetotnt off the coaxi
of Andalutia ; the result of which was, that the
latter was completely beaten, und two of its ship
sunk.
A very destructive fire broke out in Pari, m
the morning of Aug. 1, in some Wine an.l Bran
dy vaults at l.a Hupce Hue dc Hercy. 50,0'j')
IwrrcU of wine weiu drstrovett, ntid for vmr
limd the engines ucre stipphcd lioni a pin A of
vinr. Many of the firemen were intoxicated
vitli the fume of the wine nud hrandv, uml in
-oitseqiirnre a i;rcat number lust their lives
Ihivc, 'J wounded, some mortally, were r.irricd
to lhc-lAUKpujlrud-tlH dwtrwuv W-prv;jet ty
was imnirrr f. -
T, '
ijji M ar iiMuuriiox i.v M'.irx.
through a mellow soil, and supply them rcgu- , :' mur,.,.,
. . . , iliti-i', Jidv J J. u Wc arc at tins ni'Miiei.t sur-
larly with moisture during such a drought routed by war; the Counter-Mcvoluilon lua
as we have experienced this season, if it be bioken out in the greatest force. A Junta, which
not dissipated nor destroyed by injudicious
and unnecessary working the corn in hot, dry
weather. I am, respectfully, yours, &c.
TIIOS. MCNOEI.L.
Genuine anecdote, 'The hon. VV in
G y of Boston, celebrated as u the rich,'
and respected for his exemplary virtues, some
years since, on his accustomed visit to the
market, found a newly admitted lawyer seek
ing for some boy to carry home his meat.
Mr. G y, whose usual and ordinary dress is
plain and simple, and whom the lawyer did
not know, stepped up and offered to take it
home for him, which offer the attorney im
mediately accepted ; and on arriving at his
house, and laying down the meat where he
was directed, the attorney enquired how much
he charged for carrying it. Mr. G. replied,
he left it to his "generosity;" upon which
the other gave him a shilling, which he very
readily accepted with thanks f observing, that
if he had, at any time, any market things to
carry home, he would readily do it for him ;
and, "if I should not happen to be there,"
said he, "just enquire for U y G v, and
I will come immediately." It is unnecessary
to add the surprise and mortification of the
lawyer oil hearing that a man wonh a million
of dollars had performed this menial service
for him ; but it had its effect, for he never
afterwards required the assistance of any one
to aid him in performing his marketing, or
to carry home his meat Alb. Gaz.
Society is . the cement.of human nature ; by
mutuahkmdfltsserireotensafrt
emulation it promotes virtue. The heart of
man, created for delight, would pine in lassi
tude, or grow sour with misanthropy, if we
were deprived of soci?.l intercourse. Our
primeval parent himscU,amid&t the. glories of
i tfew "worldrand the charmrbf TParadise,
found himself not completely West, tHl Heav
en sent its last best gift n earth, a compan
ion lib m
I know not which is the more Llamable, the
being who stoically abjures the enjoyments of
life, or he who only abuses them : both char
acters pervert the blessings bestowed by Prov
idence for. the alleviation of human care.
styles itself Jiottblic, has assembled on the bor
ders of the Mtnho, which separates Portugal fiom
(iullicia. All pcrsonsof note, nho had taken re
fuge in Portugal from the vexations to which they
were subjfeted in consequence of the He volution,
hasten from all quarters toijoin the Junta. The
Duke de l'lnfantado, was at Valentia three days
ago, and would pass the Minho yesterday to put
, lumself.at the, head.of . the. Insurnu Xkitc
thousand armed peasants this morning inarched
upon Orcnsc, and the constituted authoi itics fled ;
another corps of Insurgents marched from thr
neighborhood of Corunna, along the Bea-coast, .
and occupies the peninsula of St. Adrian. Wc
expect every moment to sec them within our
walls. It is said, that the Apostolic Junta has
established itself at Tuy. The rallying cry of
this army, is " Cod and the king" and its avowed
aim is to preserve the ancient liberties of the
Spanish Monarchy. It is remarked, hat the
peasantry are armed with excellent English Mus
kets, and that they are animated with great enthu
siasm A great portion of the regiment of the
Guides joined them at Riza.
44 On receiving information of this movement,
the Junta of Loruun declared itself permanent,
and all possible military measures have lwen ta
ken. The immediate arrival here, has been an
nounced to us, of Col. Espinosa, with the battal
ions of Arfagon and Castile, and the marine divi
sion which is stationed at Mtija. Our Archbishop '
has received orders to repair instantly to Corun
na ; it is said at this moment, that after a some
what vigorous conflict on the Minho, nearly tin
whole of the regiment of Pontcvcdra passed uer
to the Insurgents.
44 P. S. It is announced, that in the course o!'
yesterday, after some sharp skirmishing, the bat
talion of liurgos was put to flight, and that the In
surgents have entered Oreuse." This requrrc
confirmation. The confusion which prevails here
t tins moment will not permit of my collecting
sufficient information. What is certain is, that
th
iviililiu of Corunna, mustered in haste to the
mimberof 1 100, have refused to take part against
the Insurgents, and that the Junta is in a stale of
consternation." :. ;
J CHAltLESTON, SEPT. 26."
By the fine fast-sailing ship Fama, Capt. Bek
ry, arrived at this port yesterday, in S7 days from
Liverpool, we have received Liverpool papers to
the 18th of August." 1 - ; ' f rr 'v:' "
Wc have also been favored with Lloyd't Mat
to the 12th August which may be seen at the
ofiicc.- " ' '
The QUF.FN" still engrosses the sole attention
of the British Press on 'Change or off 'Change,
nolhinc: is spoken, of but the iCw3iShe had
-n-vashott-eh
the" vicinity" of Dedham; Mis5achrie.ttsv'?ii(t
brought!, down with one wing broken. He
was taken alive by the sportsman ; but, (re
marks the Dedham paper,the birdr true to His
valor, and as if disdaining the triumphs of. an
enemy, instantly burled both his talons in his
owri head ; choosing catVcr to di than be cniy
ljTanelegant estalilishmcnt, with numerous
servants to ne liyetiernd was dashing about
the metropolis in. a beautiful tandeau, attracting
the attention of all her liege; subjects. tnotie oC
her recent excursions, she met His Majesty, who
was returning from a review of some of his troops.'
The ; LET TER fronTthe Queen to his Maje
v. is the most interesting article furnuhed by
this arrival. ' . . . i
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