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AgTkiUra.
Hail ! Crtt of Art, source of dometUc case ; . ..
inde of the land, and patron of the seas.
Vrom the (Baltimore) FiJcral Republican.
We are happy to observe alout us 9 ration
nl and ttcady growth of public opinion in fa
vour of agriculture. It argues well for the
prosperity of our country to find men of educa
tion and feeling acting as practical farmers.
To agriculture, a nation that has the right
ambition of being virtuous and great, will first
address itself ; and there can be' no better
proof that the hearty and sound elements of
political economy are thoroughly understood
in any country, than to see the ploughman and
corn grower respected and respectable. Noth
ing, at this moment, so contributes to the du
rability cf China, and her government, with
all its regulated system, its world of abuse,
ignorance and error, and its overgrown and
hungry population nothing so contributes to
the upholding of the huge fabric of its gov
ernment, as the amazing veneration there
shown to farmers and agriculture. The no
blest epeetacie, among all the parade of war
and politics, and all the pageantry and corus
cation of imperial government, for the contem
plation of the philosopher and the statesman,
must be that, in-which the great emperor of
China, the empeTor of a country whose small
est provinces are empires, is seen publicly
turning up the earth, in the presence of all his
subjects, aU his armies, all his nobility, all his
household and household godswith a plough.
Such is true nobility ! Such is being indeed
the father of one's country !
We are in a fair way to feel a like venera
tion for thYtillers of the earth in America.-
Our farmer! btgin to feel that there is a great
ness as "ell fas goodness- and innocence in
working ia.tbe open air, and trusting to the
God or, harvests for a blessing upon their la-lxur,:-They
are losing that idle and child
ish ambition of seeing their sons lawyers, min
isters, doctors and shop-keepers. They be
gin to regard a gentleman farmer, with a stock
of good sense and a good education, with a
plenty of sober theory in his brain, and a good
practical knowledge of farming and grazing,
to temper his expcrimehtalizingi as the true
gentleman aftjr all. And they are right. Jt
is a proud name. To be indeed a Farmer-
is to be one of God s own children a good
Wiseman."
"-.f t''-;4 - Fn THS WRSTMIX C1B0LTSI4X
1L7: Thte to her shall count each day,
jjVhich from you it takes away. "
WreteXfrfl indeed would be the condition
"of our jsjjieciM, if we were"! rTevcabTy?tlowri
cd to be the,VjCtims, as we are thVproduce,
of timet ' liike the beasts of tbe field, we
should grow jip from the imbecility of child
hood to the decrepitude of age', acquiring an
imalstrengtq one day which we'wtre to lose
the next r and after we had shed the bloom
of our; youth, should possess nothing which
could icltov the Admiration or even respect ot
:jiir fellow-w
kind, we are&les&ed with faculties which,
thoughncreasec by
length of years, lie whose wisdom is enlar
pro with years, willlosecarlely any thing
which he ought to vlue by continuation of
life. The vigorous efforts of manhood may
be moreadmired, bUe
age will always be respected.
IJut how little of thi pious and consoling
sentiment do we entertain for tht fair sew
Front them every day taEeaway something
ot that parting beauty which is so rarely pos
sessed, and so transiently ehjo;ve. : Their
infancy passes away without real "measure "i
engagements which alone can make it attrac
tive or evtri happy,
.'lhcse considerations have often suggested
to my' mind the inquiry, whether they have
been consigned to this miserable state of un
certain 'andtrjr.shory' bliss by nature; tr
whether it is the effect of ml A was con
vinced that they never attained those powers
of the mind which make the age of man more
ill ua iri b wal tlj mriniy u t.bnly Jc cau 3 e-tr c
have prevented them from doing so; that they
are perfect by nature, but are crippled by ed
ucation. 1 am about to examine, what may m gen
eral terms be staled to be, that the capacity
of man for intellectual attainments is less than
that of woman. They are said -to possess
more fancy and less judgment, a greater pro
pensity to the frivolities of romance, but less
aptitude for the severer studies of science.
That the intellectual powers of woman ure,
under the present state of things, inferior to
those of man, is no better prool of any natu
ral imbecility of intellect, than the inferiority
ot the unlearned is, that they are born with
less capacity for improvement than the learn
ed. 1'he fact which is the foundation of the
inference, is as undisputed in the one case as
in the other. In the first case' 1 would ask,
how do we learn that their miiids are inferior
to those of men ? Uy never observing them
to perform thpse great exploits, or to exercise
those abilities which have adorned many men
in every age of the civilized world.'
It may be asked how it has happened that
men ruvc always gained the a5cendancy over
woman in the outset, unless they did so by
superior sagacity. They have done it by
physical force. - They compel the women to
perform e drudgeries of life, while they
spend the day in the recreations of the chase,
or in indolence at home. They occupied
their own minds as they pleaded, and direc
ted the exertions of their wives as they plea
sed. These reasons alone appear to. me to
be aulEcient to account for. the very few in
stances upon record of great powers of mind
being displayed by Women ; but when united
with that Uid'erence of education which men
first imposed by force, and now continue by
custom, the conclusion is irresistible -For
this difference of education, there is this ad
ditional reason, women are constituted by na
ture to be the nurses of children, while the
superior energy and activity cf man renders
him more capable of providing a subsistence
for the family. Accordingly, in all coun
tries the economy of the house is assigned to
them. Hut as it this end which they are ul
timately to reach, was th only one which
they are Capable of attaining, they are fined
by education for scarcely any other business
or enjoyment. I hat one of the objects for
which they were created was to attend to
children, is, then, neither a proof of inferior
ity of capacity, nor that their minds, such as
ttity are, should not be cultivated. Still it
has every where been adopted, and we think
it quite enough that girls should devote the
first tenor twelve years of their lives to learn
ing.to read and write their own language.
Their education is completed,-according to
tfus. course, at the. period whin that of a boy
fairly begins
. 1. submit it to your candor, whether this
picture of female education in this country,
and its consequences, be not, in the general,
too true i I admit that there are some bril-liantexcepticm3;to-TtTand-thr?r-excrptions
confirm-my argument, that the inferiority of
women in the walks of science and literature,
results not from any inherent defect of gen
ius, but from the unpardonable and even in
famous manner in w hich their education is
neglected.
These reasons are amplv sufficient to ac-count-
for the actual difference- of toitvcLbe.
t ween the two sexes. But those gentlemen
who have dissected and analyzed the subject
with the dexterity of surgeons, and the saga
cious curijosity of philosophers, would ima
gine I had not perceived the true point of
all their reasoning, if I were to pass over in
silence their metaphysical distinctions
Women are said to possess less acuteness
of discernment, less power of afgument,arid
a less extended mode of thinking than men.
They are-accused of a natural predilection
for light and frivolous pursuits, as poetry and
romance, and an aversion, to the severer stud
ies o( philosophy. I shall not stop to ques
tion whether, those assertions be true ; for
education, if they were false. , A man, after
having spenf the first twenty or thirty years
of his life in a close application to the inathe
marks, the languages, tbe cubtilttei of the
ancient school men, and a continual conten
tion with the author he reads: or lome tollege
rival who has embraced a different theory of
Knysica or 1 ysicm 01 morality, enters on me
usinesi of life prepared for the senate, the
bar, or the pulpit. VlJfrtj$mHs$M
of education and mode of life in women lu
already been mentioned. Their minds are
suffered to languish under the constraints of
a narrow education, and to pine in the dele
terious shades of a fatal custom. The natu
ral vigur of intellect has never been strengih
ened by extreme, nor the. germ of fancy ever
been developed by a timely and judicious
culture. It is, then, no more a matter of as
tonishment to me,' that men are more acute in
argument more subtle in detecting a fJae
position, or more able in exposing it, than it
is that a Frenchman, educated in the military
school of Paris, instructed by the examples of
Moreau and Bonaparte, should be a more
able commander than an American farmer,
who never saw a tent, or heard the sound rf
a c-innon.
I cannot conclude this grateful task of wri
ting in a cause where all my sympathies are
interested, without adding a word on the su
perior sensibility, the moral beauty of the fair
sex. We nol only 'owe to their pfety our ex
istence as a race, but I am struck with the
many instances of their having preserved, af
ter they had given, life to individuals. The
captive warrior has sometimes been released
from his dungeon the forlorn and forsaken
traveller been cheered in the solitude of the
wildernes?, by those touches of compassion
to which they are so much more sensible than
man. I cannot here forbear to mention the
instance of our guardian genius, Pocahontas,
who saved the life of Captain Smith from the
ferocity of a Virginian savage, afr it had
been previously rescued, by the clemency of
a lurkishlady, iro.m an oriental tyrant.-
When Mansong, a king of the floors, refu
sed Mungo Park permission to enter his vil
lage, and he sat under a tree exposed to the
derision of the men, the storms of heaven,
and the pangs of approaching famine, a wo
njan, moved by the superior sensibilities of
her nature, sheltered him from the rain, gave
him meat to eat, and sympathised in his sor
rows in an unpremeditated song. This ten
derness, which lias ro often appeared in mo
ments of real distress, is beautifully painted
by a modern bard, in the fictions of poetry :
O woman! in lour hours of east1,
. Uncertain, roy, and hard to please ;
A nd variable a the h!i;i(!p,
Dy the lijrht quivering listen tniuJe:
When pain and anguish wriii the Lrow,
A ministering anrcl thou !
J. A.
PUMTJXICJL GmT.TtXMEXT IX .VJSS.L
. CMTSETTS.
A correspondent has transmitted a curious document
to the editors ofllie National IntelVgrncer, bcinjr an old
manuscript, entitled the rccorda of the two first roagr's
tratcs of Springfield,-MawwrJinsettv a pleasant and pop
ulous town on the Connecticut river. These records ex
hibit -no new-trait in- tho character of the ..wi actirj dt
Xew-F.ng!and; but they show the same peculiarities
simple and honuly habits, the same piety, tinctured with
iio small share of bigotry, which we hare been accustom
ed T(7iev"1rdf lincatlonrof thexharactnr of the puri
tans' of NVw-Knglahdr" But" whatever tnhy hare been
their foibles, however fanatical and persecuting they
may have been at times, yet, take them all in aU, they
deserve much from their country, and are not unworthy
to be called the founders of that populous and enlight
ened part of the Union, which is now cr.joyingthe fruits
of their labors and the blessings of their institutions.
The following extracts will show Hut thMejr,Jtncw very
well how to u tame a shrew," although by some they may
he considered as furnishing little evidence oi gallantry
and devotion to the faifamang the patriarchal scttlers-on
the hanks of the Connecticut:
M arch 1 3th, 1G55. Obadiah M il'.er com
plains against Joane his wife, for abusing him
with reproachful terms or names, as calling
him fool, toad, vermine, and threatening him
as ;.lsoi for yesfeM
deavoring to beat himj' at which tyme ehe
scratched his face and hands. The case be
ing examined, it was found that Joane, the
wife of Obadiah Miller, was guilty of very
evil behavior towards her said husband, it
bein proved by te testimonv of John Lamb
a 1 nos. miner., .fonn L.amD testineu mui
the head, and that she did often call him fool
and other reproachful terms. Thomaa Mil
ler testified tht when his brother Obadiah
his wife lived with him, thee did commonly
call him fool and varmine, and he doth not
remetnbtr'he'rver heard her call htnrhtra
band, and shee said shec did not love him,
but hated him, yea, slice. hath said shee did
never love him, and shec should never love
hjjrn; For;which; heinyile;. misbehavior to- -
wards Jier nusband,,shTft"ai.adjud
taken forth to the whipping-post, there to re
ceive so many stripes on the naked body as
the commissioners should see cause to inflict
on her: whereupon she was brought forth;
but, by her humiliation and earnest protesta
tions for better carriage towards her hus
band, the punishment was remitted, and this
sentence passed, that, for the least miscar
riage to her husband after this tymc, she
should, be brought forth again, to receive a
good whipping on her naked body, well laid
on.
October 24th, 1 670. John Petty complains
against good wife Hunter for offering to mis
chief his wife and giving her ill language,
calling her as the testimony speaks. Hailing,
scoldbg, and other exorbatancys of the tongue
appearing.as bv the testimony of Mar)' Ilrooka
and Mercy John, on hie ; ana also tne neign
bor declaring her common trade upon all oc
casion to exorbitant with her tongue, as par
ticularly Sam Marshficld and John Bagg de
clare sentenced her to be gagged, or else
set in a ducking stool and dipped in water, as
law provides ; shee to choose which of them
shee please?, within this half hour ; or else I
to determine, and order either, as I' act- cue.
Shee not choosing either, I ordered her to be
gigged, and to stand in the open street for a
half hour ; which was done acrordinrjy. And
for her reproaching good wife Petty, fth'.e did
openly clear her of all she spoke against her,
and asked forgiveness, which good man Pet
ty accepting, she was released as to that.
In the following short memorandum we have an evi
dence of the strictness with which the 8abth 'was ob
served in t'lose early times 1 which, as at the prexen day
in New-England, commenced at sun-down on Saturday,
and closed at the same time on Sunday. Their sabbaths
rcsi'mbled more the burdensome sabbaths of the Jew a
than the Christian sabbath : But mankind are apt to run
into extremes;-and many of their posterity, to free them- ,
selves from puritanical foibles and strict nets, would des
troy all distinction, and make even- day alike. A me
dium between the two tvould be about right.
Sept. 28, 1685. The tythingmam, Sam
Dedortha, presenting 15enj. Leonard, for tlut,
last Saturday night, he was out after sun, and
came through the street with his laden cart:
the said lJenj. Leonard appearing, acknowl
edged it, and said he was belated by the gath
erers of his corn, else had been at home be
fore sunset, and is sorry for it, acknowledg
ing disorder in it. I fine him only 5s to the
county, and so discharge him.
One of our late French papers relates that
a poor shoemaker, of the nameof Gonfreville,
upwards of fifty years of age, had been ar
raigned, for the second time, before the court .
of assizes, for sedithus expressions. He was
so deaf that it was necessary to place his wife
next to him during the trial, to acquaint him
with the tenor of the indictment and of the
testimony. - He -pleaded not guilty, and ac
cused the witnesses of a conspiracy to ruin
him. The jury found him guiltythe court
sentenced him to six months1 imprisonment,
and. a ,hne. pi .! 1 tjj francaT" .
What a picture this altoptKer ! 86t1ngT
to such things in France, and to the execution
of journeymen weavers in Scotland for high
treason, accompanied with the most barbarous
judicial hacking of the carcases how ought
wc not to feel and enjoy the serene mildness
and immovable security of our own order of
society and government! &atJ5azm---
. ' ,? From ike Boston Dally Advertiser; '
iMPORTjxr rjew.
It is stated in Rees's Cyclopedia, article
London that in the year 1700, the average
weight of cattle and sheep killed for the Lon
don market was as follows: An OXv,37Glbs ;
a Calf 50lbs ; a Sheep 28lbs a Lamb 18lbs:
artd-that-the average weight at present, ari--sing
from improvements in the breed and
inan?gement of these animals, is ar follows i
Oxen 800lbs. each ; Calves HOlbs each;
Sheep SOlbs each ; Lartibs 50lbs each. Such
facts are of thore' weight than an argument;
ever so long, and ever so good, to convince
bur agriculturists of the benefits to be de.fi.
be a rtiracle, ana 1 nos. 1I tiler.; .lonn Lamft testineu 1141
rsv:
1