H vLteiD 4ii 4iaoi3Si
: r
PUIUSIIED fiY KUIDKIt U IIINMI AM.
&.lil&nJIC, T311).n, WVXEMIUUI 1820.
I
day, t THItKE POLLAIUJ per sanum, payable Mini,
animnlly in advance, " T" ' ' , '
(ffNci piper will 1p uVmibmicu nntl ill arrctrafjci
kre p.i'nl, uh!oh4 at the licrcliotj of -the rJitxjri
'. Mlcxivtr will becomu rcpoiuib!a fur the )you:nt of
hine pH:r, shall receive a tenth fnu. ' .
Aitf iBTiirttsTf wjll bo inserted drt'lhc cuitbnury
termt.
r
To advertisement Inserted 'until It luu been pi .for,
ItCpTy J"mmi"rQm uus town or
-ittTicinityr- v- " ' -v ' .,r-'7J '
Cj"AU UtcrV to the cJiton must be poit pjj,-or $y
rViH not be Htciletl to. . ... . -
JiOciciUm.
Hill! firrt of Arts, source of domestic cose i
l'ride of the land, urvl putrou of the scm.
s0Jf f7f iSbiPMXDENY OBStMtZK.
The cold winter is fast approaching,'and in or
dcr to have the spring return upon us with pros
pcrity. much is ft be done by every good farmer.
I)y this time crops should be well secured in their
proper places, so that they should not be injured
by the frost and devoured by the insects : cows,
oxen, horses, and especially young cattle, should
be well fed in the fore part of the season, so as
to acquire a firmness of constitution able to resist
the pinching winter. The storms that come up
on us in the fall of the year, arc peculiarly inju
rious to stock ; consequently we should lose no
time in providing good stables aud slices in abun
dance, to secure all our flocks of every descrip
tion. To permit a flock of sheep or cows to re
main in the open field through a long north-east
storm of rain or hail, will necessarily require
some two or three weeks nursing and care to
restore them again to life and activity. One
other Important caution seems to have been nc-
-jtcesaary "" Most people In the fall of the year nuf
,fcr. their fences to fall down, and, by leaving the
' bars but of place, the whole farm is one common
7.- -highway. r The swine are suffered to root up the
best mowing fields ; and in rribist and wet wcath-
: er, the cows and oxen, by being permitted the
sartto latitude, will do no small injury to the sur
face of the lots used for mowing : the whole will
be made uneven, and the roots of the grass bro
ken tip. One moment's reflection will show the
Impropriety of this. That man who farms it
veil will never do business in this loose way.
The lots will be as well secured in winter as in
summer
Desultory.
ftift TBS WESTKHV CAROLIXIAH.
Te IVuttnoiuA.
' Mmti. Editor : If you should deem the fol
lowing account of the Diamond worthy of a place
in your'valuable paper, you will give it an inser
tion Tbjs account is extracted from a useful
book, which a great number of your readers may
not have an opportunity of reading: and as this
has been always esteemed as one of the most val
uable gems, some account of it may prove inter
esting tosuch of y ou waders as have not had an
opportunity oi examining " history
MuAainu
-Your
-JflMIlOirr-
"The Diamond has always been regarded
as the most valuable of the gems, and, con
sequently, as themost valuable production of
the mineral world. ...a superiority which it
derives from its very high lustre, its transpar
ency and hardness. The first quality arises
frjhrvgateir refractive power, which is
-iucTTarto cliusle'alilihelight o be rejected
which falls on if at an angle of incidence
r , v,,t,f beingrrenderedfmore brilliant bf its sun
face being cut intoTaccts, which multiply the
reflections of light.' From its hardness, too,
its lustre remains uninjured: This hardness
is such, that it can be cut,for rather worn
. oply by rubbing one diamond against
another, and is polished only by the finer di
v- - amohd powderr"7 - t
.ThjV substance is found In India, in the.
in South-Amer-
J. It is not found in its original situation
. .'but in the beds' of streanrm. nr it a iAnc.r.
zilian'dramondrarc inTcrloTln transparency
and parity to the oriental. The diamond ts
found' crystal! zed, being either la perfect
crvta!i,'or in fragments, ouruncrustcd with
bard coating. Tbc usual form' it an octa
hedrod, composed of two four-tided pyra
mids joined by the bate, the facet being some
what convex Of this form there are some
modification! f the angles bein; replaced by
triangular facet y so as to give rise to a dodc
eahfrjfpri pf 2lfac'cf likewise a little convex.
These are the crysta'.izationa of the oriental
diamond. The Brazilian is generally a do
dccahedbhTithrhbWxildal faces." These
cryttalihe" formt are often imperfect, proba
bly, from the attrition which they have suf
fered ; and frequently the fragments are al
together indistinct. The diamond is color
less, or tinged of various thadet of .white or
grey ; and sometimes, alto, though more
rarely, of brown, greep, yellow, blue, and red,
frequently with dark colored-spots. It. is
generally transparent, though not perfectly
so, and has the property of tingle rt fraction.
Its fracture it lamellated, and it can be split
by striking it in the direction of the plntes.
Its specific gravity, is from 3500 to 360a
The diamond is phosphorescent or, when it
hat been exposed to the light, is luminous in
the dark. It is rendered electrical by rub
bing, the e)ectricity being positive. The di
amond is consumed when ncatcd with the ni
trate of potassa, and affords carbonic acid...
"The diamond, in the glass trade, is an in
strument used for squaring the large plates
or pieces ; and among glaziers for cutting
their glass.
uThe dramond is said to be an emblem of
fortitude.
" A diamond as large as a hen's egg, is es
timated at the enormous pi ice of Z.3,500
sterling!" '
VAMl'YKISSr.
FBOM 1 LATE rRlSCH Jol 13kt.
Vampvres have been, of late, brought into
fashion, by romances and plays. Vamptjrinm
is worth attention, as one of the wildest su
perstitions of the human mind. No great
time has elapsed since it prevailed in .a de
plorable manner among some European na
tions. ''
The idea is common among the Hungari
ans and the Moravians, that ot the dead some
return sft night to torment the living, partic
ularly their near relatives, to suck their blood
and continue thus a sort of terrestial exist
ence at the expense of their victims. This
absurd belief is found more or less general
ly, among the Poles,, the Silesians, the Servi
ans, the modern Greeks, &c. It is reduced
almost to a system among tht Hnngarians.
They pretend to recognise, by infallible symp
toms, in particular dead bodies, the property
of returning to suck the blood of those who
survive ; they think they have a method for
destroying this property and rendering them
selves inaccessible, and it is they who have
given the denomination of Vamfyres' which
means Blood Suckers, to the dead bodies which
they endow with the property in question.
Tournefort, in his account of his travels in
Greece, gives a long and lively history of a
Vampyre that infested,' Tn 1 roi,the inhabi
tants of the Island of Mico. A poor peas-
ant, killed in a quarrel, was accused. or re
turning to the earth every night, beating p'ed
pie, breaking open loorsv &c- I had nev
er JLsays .Tournefort, Jiscen-any-wretched
ness and alarm greater than those 6f the island
on this account ; the imagination of every
body was completely disordered. Whole
families, among the mrjstsensible, abandoned
their houses at night, and slept in the open
square of the city. Many fled into the coun
try.",Toarnefort passed for an idiot "o'Fan
infidel when he appeared incredulous. The
body of the peasant was exhumed two or
three times each day ; religious processions
and fasts took, place, At. length, in a fit of
despair, the inhabitants, determined to burn
the body ; which being done, the panic soon
disappeared, from the supposition that the
Devil was thus deprived of his nest.
It is not a century since this superstition of
....-!. : ; - if..! ; .1 aw.;: . ..
im jy nsm wore, in uungary uuu .uoravia,
a much more appalling and serious character.
It was believed that dead bodies in which the
blood remained at all fluid, were subject to
aronvrism'si - the-point-was determined by
judicial inquest ; the bodies suspected of the
" ) . . .1.1 . t 1 ' '
evuwere aismterreortne neaas 01 tnem cut
believed that they had been tucked by a varr.
pyre rubbed their pertont over with earth
taken front the grave of the deceased enemy
they drank hi, blood; nuf to become VatnpycH
themselves: for vampyrism was thought to
be communicable like a disease, and whoever
it tucked was held to be condemned to suck
others, after his death. The year 1732 wat
the one in which vampvritm made most noise
in the-Anttrian tlomroions; Matqiliet
were-'dug "up f'magistiatet iind military com
miisioncrt were employed to superintend the
process mentioned above, which usually ex
tended T6T)ufmng"ahd " throwing the ahr in
the rivets. Regular records, or Procts Vcr
lauxt of these proceedings were transmitted
in all the formt to Vienna. The German
tcholars published dissertations uKn vam
pvres, and, after their example, the celebrated
Dm Culmet compiled his "Treatise upon
the Apparition of Spirits, and upon the Vam
pyres of Ilungaria, Moravia, &c.V.
From the MVestern Kevin w, and MiHellaneous Mjjf-
Female Heroirm.n the year 1 792, a par
ty of Indians committed extensive depreda
tions upon the banks of the Elkhoro, and,
among other outrages, a small detachment of
them attacked the families of two brothers
named Cook v who occupjyd.two small cabins
situated about fifteen feet apart. The broth
ers with Mr. M 'Andrew, a friend, were shear
ing sheep in the space between their two cab
ins, when the Indians from the neighboring
wood fired upon them, killed one of them on
the spot, and shot the other through the body.
Mr. M'Andrew ran to the neighboring set
tlement to give the alarm, and the wounded
Mr. Cook succeeded in gaining the nearest
cabin, in which were the wives of the two
brothers ; closed the door, and secured it with
a strong bar and then sunk exhausted on the
floor, and instantly expired. His wife seized
the rifle, and finding but one bullet, and think
ing she should have occasion for several, she
placed it between her teeth, and actually bit
it in two parts, with one of which she loaded
the rifle, aud determined to shoot the first In
dian at whom she could aim through a crack in
the floor.
In the mean time the savages set fire to the
cabin by the side of the chimney, and she suc
ceeded in extinguishing it. They repeated
their efforts to burn the building, until the
water w i thin was exhausted. Mrs. Cook then
had recourse to the eggs on which a hen was
setting uuder the floor, and when they were
gone, killed the fowl, cut it open with an axe,
and applied the moist entrails to the fire. At
length the Indians were discouraged, and
ceased their efforts to bum the cabin. M rs
Cook again seized' the rifle, and watching a
favorable opportunity, discharged it at an In
dian, whose body was afterwards found in the
F.lkhorn. This destructive fire, and the fear
probably of the approach of a body of whites,
induced the savages to retire without tlltcting
any further mischief.
ing. It it a near articjf'of food,in use among
the Indian, of a vrgt uhle lind j it it a tube
rous root of some plant, sherd and dried i it -
looks'whlte'and nW, nruf tastes at if it might
uc a rroou substitute lor Dread i it has xtrv
much the appearance of Florentine Iris, and
we hope its botanical name and character will ,
soon be asccrtaincdA--MTpri Ulcrc, AJv.
Missouri Txrrnrnoic.
pflT,and their hearts pierced wkh a lance,, to
Productions of the Region situated on the
High Mississippi.
Collected by Capt; Douglass; professor at West-Point,
and exhibited in the city of New-York r few evenings
since, at one of Dr, Mitchell's Conxvrtationcn.
. A specimen, in good preservation, of per
haps the most beautiful little land animal in
the wo rld--1 1 isa squirrel of a ch esnut color,
having-ii-white-Otted line-along- the-backf
from head to tailj and on each side of which
there are three white stripes and three, dotted
lines from shoulder to buttock, making it one
of the most elegant of all four footed crea
tures. ' ...
. The JPAppf.E ; Ftsu, or '-SpATUARlAan.
Inhabitant ot the Mississippi and its waters,
was -shown. It is remarkable for the'enor
nvous prolongation of the snout for a foot or
raore with a breadth of about-three :inchc!f:
It bears considerable resemblance to the blade
of a paddle, whence itMiamed. This extra
ordinary fish is peculiar to North America,
and occupies such a position between the Stur
geon and the Shark, that some Naturalists
have classed it with the former, and others
with the latter. , . ; ...
The White Serpent, whose body is white
from end to end ; but neatly marked; along
the b3ck and sides with black, givinglt the
appearance of a riband wjth black stripes run
ning through a white ground. It is prob
ahly an: utulescribed species of Anguis or
Blind-worrrV. ''.') ... v . .
Extract of a letter from Jlrigadier General
Jliintsn, ti the Secretary of War,
-" fANKtIll,OCTrl8,'1820.
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your communications of the I7th
and 21st of June. Your Instructions respect
ing the occupancy of Fort Osage, and in re
lation to the complaints made by the Osage
deputation, at Washington, shall be particular
ly attended to.
I left Council Blufls on the 1st inst. and
came down the waggon Toad that lieutenant
Fields has opened, with his command. Wc
overtook him on Grand Kiver, about forty
miles above its mouth, on the 10th instant,
with hit waggon, team, and party, in good con
dition. As toon as I iret hit renort on onen-
ing the road, it shall be forwarded to you, as
shall the report and topographical sketch of
lieutenant Talcott, of the route across to St.
Peter's. The .road is measured from tho
Bluffi, to Chariton ; the distance is about two
hundred and fifty miles ; the distance across,
to St.-Peters, is estimated at three hundred
miles. From a belief that the Sac Indians
are secretly hostile to the whites, I have deter
red having the country across to Hock Island,
and Prairie du Chien, explored, foMhc pres
ent. The ague and fever has been prevalent at
the post above, fur the bst two months, but
there is every reason to believe that it will
soon disappear. Only one death has occur
red"1 among the troops, from the 15th April,
to the 1st instant, and that from a case ol the
typhus. ,
The new barracks were in a state of for
wardness on the 1st instant ; indeed, most of
the troops were quartered. The rooms were
put up with round logs, and hewn down with
out and within; the whole of the infantry,
and one block of the rifle barracks, are cov
ered with thinglcs. Good brick chimneys
were made to most of the rooms, and the res-
idue, no doubt, completed by this time. The
barracks are dry and comfortable, and will
probably last some fifteen years ; a plan of
their constructionynd of their defences, shall
be forwarded to you, on my arrival atSuLouis.
Our crop surpasses mv expectation; of
corn wc shall no doubt gather more than 10,
000 bushels. From the quantity gathered
and measured, from an acre, which, I believe,
yielded not more than an average, we should
count on more than 13,000 bushels. The
acre alluded to produced 102 1-2 bushels ofv
shelled corn, but, as it was not yet quite dry,
an allowance for shrinking of 22 1-2 per cent,
would still give us more than the latter quan
tity. -Our potatoe crop will not be as abun
dant as anticipated, nor will the product cl
turnips ; of the former we shall probably gath
er four thousand bushels, and four or five thou
sand of the latter Grasshoppers appeared iu
myriads the last week in: August, and strip
ped the turnips of their leaves j thej' ; were so
well grown, however, as to resuscitate tiacas
urablyr and will -give-half-a cropr-If-thesrr-destructive
visitants had made their, appear
ance six weeks sooner, we should not haw
made one bushel of .corn, T'hey stripped It;4'?
even at that late period oLhalf its .leaves.
rhe Pawnee Indians lost their whole crop by , j
thf v ravages, and T understand that at"the"w i
Karl of Selkirk s establishment, .on Red Ri
ver, the two last crops have been entirely de
stroyed by. them,
w ,,I fcwe are not again visited by these insects
there is no doubt but we shall be able-, after
gathering the next crop, to subsist ourselves
in plehtiful abundance by our own labors
We have cut and preserved two hundred and .
fifty tons of hay, wfiich will be sufficient for
our horses ami cattle. . ' ,v -j'"er
The Indian tribes on the Missouri contin
ue friendly towards us. Our opportunity of
judging of their dispositions has been great
er the present season than at any former pe-
riod. In Semembcr "lhere'vrere assembled.
bc&neltime, at the" Bluffs, the chiefs and head.
men ot the three bands of Pawnees, oi the
Kansas, of the Mahas, of the Puncas ; of the
iestrtthidri454r;Jtttr