Newspapers / Western Carolinian (Salisbury, N.C.) / July 3, 1821, edition 1 / Page 2
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J This is one of the primary objects of our institution. Could we, in this section of country, anticipate the wonder working effects' of Clover and Plaster of Paris which are experienced in more northern latitudes, there could be no hesitation in selecting them as the favorite ameliorator and restorative of our exhausted fields. But from the aridity of our climate, and the little disparity of our days and nights, Ihereby preventing that copious deposi tions of atmospherical moisture in the form of dews, which is the pabulum of grasses, 1 am induced to conclude that clo ver can never be a profitable rotation crop. Should future experiments confirm this opinion, we should not be discouraged, for we shall find a valuable substitute in the field pea ; its adaptitude to our arid cli mate is well known ; its fertilizing effects on the soil have been experienced for ages, and its prolificness in food for man and stock is equally known. Its being an annual plant gives it a decided preference over clover, which, to improve the land must occudv it four or five years. And a. there are but few farms among us which for some time to come, will admit a lon ger rotation than three years. The rotation which I recommend to the consideration of the Society is, 1st year, Corn ; 2d year, Peas ; 3d year, Wheat. The advantages of this arrangement are obvious: 1st. Because the ameliorating crop is interposed between the two ex hausting crops. 2d. The seeding the pea crop, by harrowing them in broad cast at the proper season upon the naked field which follows the corn crop, will be more easily effected than at any other period of the rotation. 3d. The wheat crop may be seeded in better time upon a summer fallow, and will be more productive than "when it follows the corn crop. 4th. The corn crop will be easier managed and less infected with cut worms and other insects "When planted on stubble land. I would further submit, for the consid eration of the Society, whether, as the corn crop is a much greater exhauster of our land and time than the wheat crop, and as large crops of corn must be made "where it is relied on exclusively for bread stuff, it would not be good economy to di minish the corn crop, and increase the wheat crop and other small grain, to sup ply its place ? The objection that wheat bread is not healthy for laborers cannot be founded in fact, seeing it is used by nine temhs of the world. On this and everv othrr subject connected with rural econo my, our Society should not only be ready to receive, but to make communications. Let each one of us, then, while we indi vidually set the example of contributing our mite, invite similar societies and indi viduals to reciprocate their aid. Thus shall "we receive doubly the advantage of inform ing and being informed. A long life, as Judge Peters judiciously remarks, may be spent in acquiring knowledge by individ ual exertion, but information is soon ac quired in Societies where the exertions and experience of many are concentrated. A NEW PROBLEM IN PHILOSOPHY. FROX THE HAMPDEN PATRIOT. We have within a few days witnessed a most singular experiment in pneumat ics, apparently involving some undiscov ered principle in nature. One person extends himself upon his back in some convenient situation, a few inches from the floor: four other persons, standing two on each side of him, bending over his bodv, place a finger of each hand under Lis body and legs : in this situation, all the five, at a signal given, simultaneously draw the air into their lungs, ipflaiing them as much as possible at one breath, when, at another signal given, they togeth er slowly respire the quantity of air thus inhaled, and, at the moment of the last signal, commence raising the body on their fingers, and continue raising un til all the air thus inhaled is expelled from the lungs. If this experiment be accurately made, the weight sustained will be found to be but a very small part of the actual weight of the body thus raised. This is a most novel and astonish in,.; fact, the importance of which, in ex ploring the arcana of nature, remains to be determined. No suffi ient cause seems to have yet been suggested. Sure ly, the power of gravitation cannot be weakened at all by this process, and to say that the pressure of the superincumbent atmosphere is removed by rarification, or otherwise, is hardly a satisfactory solution. We more think it must be owing to some thing like animal magnetism, or some pe culiar effect upon the muscles which indu ces unconscious exertion. The curious and incredulous have only to practise a few times on the exneriment, to be con vinced it is no delusion, but a sober reali ty, and one, too, which seems to bid defi. ance to the investigation of philosophy. We consider the subject worthy the no tice of the learned ; and with this view we give it publicity. isga THE COLOIIED PEOPLE. FROX THE DEMOCRATIC PRESS. An inspection of the Bills of Mortality for this district, for some time past, has exhibited so great a disproportion of deaths among the people of color, that we have (fit it our duty to call the public attention to it, as a subject interesting to humanity ; ana an inquiry into wnicn, migni cxniuu circumstances intimately connected with the preservation of the public health In a conversation on this subject with a professional gentleman yesterday, he made the following statement. We give it, as nearly as we can, in the very words in which it was given to us. w A medical friend told me a few days since, that he was called to visit a black man, in St. Ma cy's street, lie found him lying on the floor of a room which could not be more than ten feet square around were about twelve idle and dissolute persons, male and female, all Negroes. He found the man laboring under Typhus Fever. Find ing him destitute of necessaries and mon ey, he gave to a woman, who seemed to be more attentive to the sick man than any other person present, money to pro cure a pint of brandy, with directions how it should be administered to the patient. The next day the negro died, and an in quiry being set on foot, by the physician, he ascertained that the money he had left had been expended in brandy, but not one drop of it had been given to the sick man. It was drunk by the surrounding negroes, and the poor wretch who lay sick, was per mitted to perish without a drop of any thing being given him to wet his parched lips and throat." We do not feel it ne cessary to descant upon the fatal conse quences, to the colored people, and to the white people, which must inevitably fel low from the repetition, probably in va rious lanes and alleys, of scenes like that above described. Physicians, we think, ought promptly, and at once, to inform the Board of Health, Guardians of the Poor, Managers of our Dispensaries, or otiier Charitable Institutions, of the situa tion of sick poor, when it is such not as only to endanger their own lives, but the public health. We submit the facts in the hope that some of our public institu tions will inquire into them, and do that which duty and the general weal shall re quire. These arc free blacks.J NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. The following took place in the British House of Commons, respecting this illus trious character : Mr. Hume rose to move for an account of the expenses of the detention of Na poleon. If it were right to detain Napo leon at all, he would contend, that in the present financial difficulties of the coun try, he might safely be detained at one tenth of the expense which at present at tended his detention. He had in his pos session an estimate ot those expenses for the year 1819, and he was not aware of any reduction since. The expenses of the staff amounted to 24,000 The expenses of the militarv estab lishment " 7193,674 The incidental expenses for the main tenance, &c. ot Zsapoleon 757,000 The expenses of provision vessels, about 75,000 The expenses of the Navy 7160,000 rhe total expenses 7439,674 INTELLIGENCE. He comes, the herald of a noisy world, News from all nations lumb'ring at his back. Il TEST Fit OM E Uli OPE. newyork7 june 11. By the packet ship Alhion, in 40 days from Liverpool, we have received our regular files of Lon don papers to the 28th of April, and a Liv erpool paper of the 1st of May. The on ly interesting political intelligence they give, is the progress of the Greeks in the 1 urkibh provinces, and the rumored in ention of the Holy Alliance to attempt he subjugationof Spain, and the complete suppression of the i evolutionists in Italy. In consequence of the frequent assassi nations of the Austrian troops at Naples, the Provisional Government had, by proc lamation, ordered the inhabitants of that city, and the provinces, to be disarmed. 1 he Austrian troops continued to enter Italy. In Vienna, and several cities of he Empire, so few regular soldiers are eft, that their duty was performed by the Civic Guards 1 he Landwchr were to be called out. A corps of Russian troops 35,000 strong, was about to enter Hungary ; and another body ot 8000 was on the route to Italy. Among other rumors, we notice that of a strong American squadron having ap peared in the Archipelago, and captured several Turkish ships of war. The cause of hostilities supposed to be the refusal of the Sublime Porte to receive our News paper Ambassador, Mr. 13 radish. At the celebration of the King's Birth day in Edinburgh and Glasgow, riots had taken place, and in resisting the military called out to suppress them, one of the mob had been killed, and many badly hurt, by the breaking of a bridge at the latter city. private correspondence. Parie, April 19 We have no positive news as tothc actual state of affairs in Italy. The passage of the Russian and Prus sian troops through France is confidently expected here, in order to attack and re duce Spain. It is said also that they have demanded that Little Metzand Strasbourg shall be given up to them, in order to strengthen their operations, and that our government is disposed to grant it to them. We shall see ivhat the Spaniards (who have spent 15 months in boasting and vain rho- domontades) will then do. Vienna, April 13. A new congress, to be held in this capital, is talked of, which will be attended by several Sovereigns who were not present at the conferences of Troppau or those of Laybach. From the frontiers of Epirus and Mace donia. Persons worthy of credit affirm, that the Mussulmen, who inhabit districts of those provinces, have joined the Greeks who are in arms against the Pachas com manding those provinces. From Toksieni, frontiers of Moldavia and Wallachia We learn from some Greek Officers of the Camp of Prince Ypsilanti, that the Turks, far from hav ing been massacred in the towns and vil lages through which his army has passed, have been escorted to the Danube, by Greek soldiers, and that no violence has been exercised except towards those l urks who have made a shew of defen ding themselves, and refused to retire be yond the Danube. The following intelligence has reached us (Constitutional) from Greece, via Germany : In severalof the isles of the Archipelago, the Greeks have imitated the example of their countrymen in other provinces, by raising the standard of insurrection against the l urks. The troops which the Porte has succes sively sent from Constantinople to the Isle of Candia, have been vanquished. The insurgents, after making great carnage, took possession of all the forts in the isl and, on which they have hoisted the in dependent flag. A Greek squadron, con sisting of vessels w ell armed, is united off the Isle of Idra, Finally, to heighten the difficulties of the Ottoman Government, it is announced that an insurrection has also broken out in the Morea, and that a considerable number of Turks have been massacred in several quarters of that province. j Discovery Ships the sailing of the Discovery Ships from Deptfoid, was to take place in a lew days. Capt. Parry and Capt. Lyon have granted permission to all decent persons to inspect them previous to their departure. They were to pro ceed from the Nore directly to Hudson's bay. It is expected that they will meet Lieut. Franklyn, at the Coppermine river. His information will, in a great measure, decide the ulterior course of Capt. Parry, who is, notwithstanding, to examine the Welcome, and such other rivers as empty themselves into the Hudson's bay. The Methodists are raising money by subscriptions, for the purpose of convert ing the Gipsies, whose number, in Eng land, is supposed to be 18,000. Madrid, april 13. Extract from a private letter-J 1 he instruction of the proceedings against Don Mathias Vinuesa is terminated. The public debates will instantly take place. You know that the accuser is the author of a plan of counter revolution seized among his papers. M. Venuesa, it is said, manifests much calm ness, and counts on getting triumphantly out of his trial. It is, however, difficult for him to deny writings which appear to leave no doubts as to his piojects. Whether they understand well or ill the march of our affairs in foreign countries, we do not the less pioceed towards our object, notwithstanding all the disscntions inseparable from a revolution. However your Journals may exaggerate, the events of Naples and those of Piedmont, what ever they are, will have no influence be yond the Pyrenees. This or that system will prevail in the Cortes ; guerillas, or bands of vagabonds, may shew themselvs here and there on different points of the Peninsula ; foreign observers may write pamphlets on our present or future condi tion ; they may threaten us with the troops of the North ; they may exhaust them selves in predictions as to our future destinies, or in sarcasms as to our pre sent condition -the Spaniard answers all this by the famous Que itnfiorta ? ' e j are in our own home, we are at a distance ' from all the world ; we will preserve our constitution Statesmen may find it as defective as they please, we will keep it because we have made it, and because it suits us ; and we will keep it with the more ' tenacity, that they persist in criticising it without recognizing the service done by that constitution proclaimed bv a handful of courageous men under the bayonets ot Bonaparte, when it was the first signal of resistance to the oppression which weigh ed on the Continent. It is a spoiled child, perhaps, but it is an only child ; its origin is almost miraculous, and its imperfec tions do not prevent us from entertaining an extreme love and devotion to it. N. B. We have received, by an extra ordinary channel, letters of the 17th A pril, which announce, that at that period all continued calm at Madrid. London, april 27. Letters received yesterday from Madrid, dated the 12th inst. which mention, that Sombrero Arija, leader of the insurgent band in the vicin ity of Burgos, had been taken with 36 partisans, 8 of whom were mounted, and the remainder on foot The Cortes and Government were actively engaged in a dopting measures for the suppression of the mad attempts of disaffected and dis appointed individuals, whose nefarious projects of a re-action disturb the tran quility of districts, though, from the few ness of their numbers and the abhorrence with which their treachery was viewed by the people at large, nothing more than temporary inconvenience was feared. I he lenity, however, hitherto shown to the guilty, had rather proved an encourage ment, and they had resolved to frame an act, similar in its operations to martial law, by which they could try and punish simi lar offences in ten days. Our readers will see, from our private correspondence respecting Spain, that the Cortes have adopted what our correspond ent justly calls strong measures. They have decreed a levy of 500,000 men, and the creation of four armies, and the ap pointment of a commission of five Mem bers to act with the ministry during the war. As soon as hostilities commence, the Political chiefs are to have dictatorial power, and endeavours to overturn the Constitution are to be tried by a military commission, of which the sentence is to be carried into execution within 24 hours, if approved of by the Political Chief. In the preceding article, containing the sub stance of letters from Madrid of the 12th, it is said that both the trial and the pun ishment of the offence is not to extend be yond ten days. It certainly appears as if there was an intention on the part of the Holy Alliance to turn their arms against bpain. In a Vienna article, in the French papers, it is said, " Everv thing announces that our whole army is about to be put on the war footing, and that the Landwehr will be charged with the interior service. These extraordinary measures lead to the pre sumption, that after the occupation of Piedmont, there tvill still be another enter- irize for the re-establishment of the tran quility of Europe." There can be but little difficulty in conjecturing what is the enterprize here alluded to. The money market would seem to have all along an ticipated something of the sort, for the Austrian successes in Italy have not in the least tended to restore its confidence in Austrian paper ; and if the occupjtion of Italy were only in contemplation, it is not easy to see how the discredit should still continue. In a letter from Frankfort in the Allgemeine Zeitung it is said that " there is yet no confidence in Austrian paper, ei ther in Frankfort or in Holland, and the lots of the 2d Lottery of Rothschild were, on one of the last redemption days, offer ed even under the negotiation price, and the house of Rothschild was compelled to take back, by no means a small number of them to prevent a further depreciation." An opinion must, we think, prevail among capitalists, to the effect which we have stated, considering the significant intima tions on the subject in the shape of arti cles from Laybach, Sec. which are allow ed to appear at Vienna, where the Press is altogether in the hands of the Govern ment, there seems to be too much reason for entertaining it. The vigorous measures of defence which the Cortes have determined on, and the good sense of the Monarch of France, will, it is hoped, disconcert the plans of these royal conspirators. Ir is generally believed that the French Mon arch altogether disapprov es of the idea of allowing a passage through France to a Russian army ; and that the Ultras who confidently expected the presence of the Russians, and who were unable to contain their joy on that account, are quite enra ged at finding themselves disappointed. If the King consults either the feelings of ; his people, or his own safety, he will keep out the Russians. The greatest part of European Turkey is still, in a great measure, a terra incognita to us, and the information we possess re specting it is neither definite nor accurate. Much confusion, for instance, has been occasioned by the loose way in which the word Greek is used. Sometimes by a Greek is meant a person speaking the Greek language, and at other times a per son belonging to the Greek Church. Has sel, a German statistical writer in great estimation, makes Turkey in Europe, on the best and most recent authority, to con tain a population of nine million four hun dred and eighty-two thousand. Ot this population the Turks do not amount to one-third part, and the Greeks alone a mount to about five millions. But then the population professing the Greek re ligion amounts to a much greater number than five millions. For instance, the Bul garians, about 1,800,000, a Sclavonic peo ple, are partly of the Greek'and partly of the Mahomedan religion. The Sersians, about 960,000, another Sclavonic people, are all of the Greek religion. The Bos nians, about 850,000, are also of the Greek religion. The Albanians speak Sclavonic and the old Illyrian language, and are part ly of the Greek and partly of the Mahom edan religion. The Wallachians and Moldavians, 1,230,000, according to Has sel, but about a million and a half in num ber, according to Mr. Wilkinson's account, are only Greeks by religion. Though the Turks form so small a part of the popu lation in Europe, they are very numerous in Asia, where their chief strength has al ways Iain. From Africa, however, they are not likely to derive any assistance at the present moment. Vienna, april 9. The insurrection in Moldavia and Wallachia occupies greatly all minds in this capital. It appears that the insurgent chiefs have mutually con certed matters, and are already acting with their respective forces. Theodore has marched upon the Danube, to seize upon Nicopoli." Prince Ypsilanti, on the con trary, has taken the direction of Hirsovra and Silistria, in order to occupy the ports of the Black sea, and thus gain a commu nication with the Greeks of the Russian provinces bordering on this sea. The Greeks have, it is said, commenced their movements in Bulgaria. Several of The odore's friends are gone into Sercia, to distribute proclamations in that quarter. It is confidently asserted that a corps is already organized in the vicinity of Nassa, and that troubles have broken out in Ma cedonia. The London Courier (a ministerial pa per) expresses an opinion that the Con- gress oi Laybach will not dissolve itsell, " until some measuies have been decided upon which may prevent such vexatious derangements of the political equilibrium as have been produced by the abortive treasons of Naples and Piedmont. fV possible that the affairs cf Spain ivill not be foreign to the assembly." " While Spain," continues the writer, " confines within her own boundaries the theory and practice of her revolution, she may be permitted to indulge them without foreign impedi Tiipnt. Her fie?iinsular situation dimin ishes very considerably the pernicious ten dency of her example." It is difficult to conceive why the pen insular situation of Spain should render it less contagious than Naples. It has Portugal on one side, and France on the cther- Nor is it easy to understand what is meant by confining the " theory" of a, revolution, within geographical bounda ries. The plain inference deducible from these remarks is, that, in the opinion of the writer, the Holy Alliance will shortly take Spain also into safe keeping ; and the object of these qualified expressions seems to be, to prepare the minds of the British people for the anticipated event. That a nation professing to be free like: Britain, can calmly look on, and not only acquiesce, but approve of these hostili ties against the cause of freedom, can on ly be ascribed to that system of corruption which pervades every government where the form of monarchy is retained. JSf. Y. Amcr. DOMESTIC. Commencement at our University. The following is a list of the young gentlemen who graduated on yesterday week : Nathaniel W. Alexander, Johnson Alves, Benjamin F. Blackledge, Robert Cowan, Bryan Croom, Frederick J. Cut lar, John R. J. Daniel, Nicholas J. Drake, Robert Galloway, Henry T. Garnett, Na thaniel H. Harris, Rufus Haywood, George W. Haywood, Samuel Headen, Pleasant Henderson, Thomson N. John son, Thomas J. Lacy, Willis Lea, Wil liam K. Mebane, Anderson Mitchell, William D. Murphey, William S. Mhoon, Edward G. Pasteur, Joseph H. Saunders, William A. Shaw, James Stafford, Sam uel A. Smith, James Taylor, Charles Tcr rence, Spencer O'Bryan. i he following Orations and Debates were delivered and held on the occasion : The Salutatory Oration, in Latin, by John R. J. Daniel ; an Oration on Natural Philosophy, by Edward G. Pasteur ; a Debate Is it sound policy for the people of North-Cat olina to open and improve the Navigation of their Rivers and Coasts ? between Benjamin F. Blackledge and Geo. W. Haywood ; an Oration on the charac ter of Mirabeau, by Washington Alexan der ; a Debate Is it probable that the Aborigines of America would ever have equaled the ancient Romans, if they had never had any intercourse with the old world ? between Frederick J. Cutlar and Henry T. Garnett ; an Oration on the As sociation of Ideas, by Nicholas J. Drake ; an Oration on Chivalry, by Samuel Hea den ; a Debate Are early marriages to be recommended ? between Pleasant Hen derson and William A.Shaw; an Oration on the Cultivation of the Taste, by Joseph H. Saunders ; a Debate Has the art of Husbandry been advanced more by the philosophical Agriculturalist or the prac tical Farmer ? between William K. Me bane and William D. Murphey ; an Ora tion on the advantages of Industry, by Samuel H. Smith ; a Debate Is a public preferable to a private Education ? between Rufus Haywood, James Taylor, and Thomson N. Johnson ; an Oration on the Right of Suffrage, by Charles T orrence, and the Valedictory Oration, by Anderson Mitchell Raleigh Register. PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 1. An act of intrepid benevolence was per formed this morning, which ought not to pass without commemoration. A person employed to clean a well in Fifth near Spruce street, on descending into it, fell lifeless to the bottom, owing to the foul ness of the air. Money was offered to whomsoever would go to his assistance, in vain, until a Mr. Peter Scanim, in, the employ of Mr. Brady, morocco dresser, undertook it gratuitously. He went down, fastened a rope to the other, and both w ere drawn up, Mr. Scanim himself being, to ail appearance, dead. He however soon recovered. It is expected that the well digger, who has also revived, will be re stored to health with medical aid.
Western Carolinian (Salisbury, N.C.)
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July 3, 1821, edition 1
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