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ijcss aii3 stillness of night afforded them no relief ? No silly and ridiculous itching to write ; (for ir is really the first attempt,; no in tention to excite one unpleasant emotion, for I can lay ray hand on my heart and sav, world, I am at peace with you, have produced these remains. My only object is to awaken the attention cf the different courts to this act, and to suggest a plain and simple course which should be pur sued when called to act upon this law. Let each person who may claim the ben efit of this act, present t6 the courts a certificate, signed by at least three respect able citizens, setting forth that the person applying is of good conduct and moral character. Let the courts adopt such a regulation, and direct their clerks to give notice, by public advertisement, that such evidence will be required ; when it has had sufficient notoriety, let the courts rig idly adhere to it ; and when they shall have done so, nightly will the prayers of the broken hearted parent, ot the discon solate and solitary wife, ascend to heaven in behalf of those courts. WILL SINGLE. Ashe, July, 1S21. IOR THE WESTETIX C AttOHJUAjr. TO THE -PEOPLE OF THE JVESTEIl.X FAllT OF YORTil-CAROLLYA.: FELLOW. CITIZENS : It seems to be understood that the great question of Convention or no Convention, will once more be brought before the legislature, and, in all prob ability, at its next session. Give me leave, then, to ask you whether or not you consider that an important ques tion ? If you do, let me inquire farther, who or what sort of men ire you go ing to send there to support your in terest? A stranger would naturally conclude you would send talents, if you had any ; but if you had none to send, then, of course, impossibilities could not be expected. In that case, you can do just as they do in Spain. Have you ever made this principle the rule of your conduct? In some few instances you may, but these were pre ciously rare instances, and I think it might be difficult to determine whether they occurred from accident or design : for to tell you the plain truth, I think you have generally gone tail foremost. Here follows a series of remarks on the quali fications of candidates, and the class of citizens from which they should be selected, which wc should not feel ourselv es justified in publishing-. However correct they may be, (and we sub scribe to the correctness of most of them,) their publication, wc believe, would have an injurious rather than a good, effect. After the remarks above mentioned, the writer proceeds as fol lows : y This brings me back to the question about amending the constitution. But I do not pretend here to investigate this important question, but whenever it is investigated, I wish it to be done by able h.tnds: and let who will under take the task, they must of course go back to first principles. I wish, how ever, that the people would examine particularly those parts of that great charter which it is alleged ought to be amended ; then they will be the bet ter judges of what weight ought to be given to those affirmations. The most important point seems to be that of representation. It is proved that the great bulk of population is in the wes tern part of the state ; that the coun ties in the west generally contain two, three or four times the number of in habitants of those in the east. If this be true, we, who constitute the major itv of the people of the state, are gov erned by a minority ; or, in other words, by the aristocracy of the east. A county in the west, for instance, containing fifteen thousand inhabitants, sends one Senator and two Commoners to the General Assembly, to meet one Senator and two Commoners from a county in the east containing two or three thousand inhabitants. Suppose, then, the number of counties in these two grand divisions of the state were equal, then, to be sure, we might be able to hold our own, provided our members were of equal abilities. But that is not the case. They out num ber us in counties, and of course in members ; consequently, legislate for us without our consent, while we, at the same time, have the great weight of population on our side. A similar grievance once existed in South-Carolina - the representation from the up per part of the state was borne down and overruled by the representation from the numerous parishes in the low country, till at length, by the inde fatigable exertions of Calhoun, and some other patriotic men, a change was effected. The revenue of our state is chiefly drawn from the western counties. It does, therelore, seem hard that we should even pay the members from below for hunting us down in the legislature. It may be asked, why was our constitution made thus ? why did not its framers see these evils and provide against them ? But it may also be asked, on the other hand, why Hillsborough and Halifax, two small villages, are each entitled, by this same constitution, to send a mem ber to the legislature as borough mem bers ? It is probabje, that when the constitution was adopted, the repre sentation was equal, or nearly so. We, it is true, had the large counties ; but the population was at that time thinly scattered over them. Popula tion commenced at the sea shores and proceeded to the west ; and although nature pointed out every thing favour able to a dense population in the wes tern part of the state, those wise men may not have calculated on so rapid i i t an increase. I3esides, tney Knew trie constitution was in the hands of a free and independent people, who, it was hoped, would at all times have wis dom and virtue enough to make bene ficial amendments, if they made any alterations, especially when science had shed her lucid rays more general ly over the land, and above all, in those happy times of fair delightlul peace, when, " un warped by party rage, men may be said 41 to live like brothers." Laws, however, ought not to be alter ed for light and trivial causes, and much less the supreme law of the land. But as laws are made for the happiness of the people, it seems reasonable that they should accommodate themselves measurably, at least, to circumstances ; unless, indeed, it should be concluded that they ought to be made like those of the14 Medes and Persians,'' unal terable. But as I am unfrierdly to all sec tional strifes and animosities in a state, if any alterations are made, I hope they will be made in a spirit of amity and accommodation; COMMON SENSE. TIIH BANIAN THEE OF INDIA. The Religiosa, cr Banian Tree is of an amazing size and great extent ; and con trary to most other productions, in animal and vegetable life, it seems to be exemfittd from decay. Every branch from the main body, throws out its own roots ; at first in small tender fibres, several yards from the ground ; these continually grow thick er, until they reach the surface ; and then striking in, they increase to large trunks, and become parent trees, shooting out new branches from the top ; these in time suspend their roots, which swelling into trunks, produce other branches : thus continuing in a state of progression as long as the earth, the first parent of them all, contributes her sustenance. A tree of this description, named in honour of a saint, Cabbeer Kurr, is famed throughout Hindostan, for its great extent and sur passing beauty : it has been much dimin ished by floods ; but what remains, is about tivo thousand feet in circumference ; and solemn Jatarahs, or Hindu festivals are held there, at which thousands of vo taries repair, from all parts of the Mogul empire. Seven thousand persons find ample room to repose under its shade. It is usually filled with grecn-wood-pig-eons, doves, peacocks, tnd a variety of feathered songsters. This tree not only affords shelter, but sustenance to all its inhabitants ; being covered, amid its bright foKage, with small figs of a rich scarlet. Classification of prisoners No system is better calculated to effect the only pro per object of legal punishment in peni tentiaries, than the dividing of convicts into separate classes. New-York, we perceive, by an act of April 2d of the pre sent year, has adopted a system whereby the prisoners at Auburn are divided into three classes. The first class to be com posed of the oldest and most heinous of fenders, who are to be constantly confined in cells ; the second class to consist of offenders of a less heinous grade, to be confined in cells three days and permit ted to labor three days in each week ; and the third class to compribe youthful offenders, and such as shall be deemed by the inspector worthy to be permitted to labor each day. All prisoners invaria bly to sleep in separate cells, except in eases of sickness ; and the inspector or warden to have power to change any in dividual from one class to another, as cir cumstances may require. V. . Pat, The Newport Mercury, which is now printed, was established June 12, 1753, by James Franklin anu is said to be the old est newspaper establishment in the U. S. m Thomas H. Pettingill, and others of Grafton county, N. II. have prayed for the impeachment of Edward Kvans, Judge of Probate. Their complaint is that his misconduct is seriously alarming to all " ivio have the mi if or tunc to live 9cr die within his jurisdiction.'' INTELLIGENCE. lie comes, the herald of a noisy world, News from all nations lumb'ring at his back. SURREJ'DER OF THE. FLORIDAS. . From the Charleston Courier, June 17. By the arrival last evening of the sloop Jl'asji, Capt. Chester, from St. Augus tine, wc learn that the American flag was hoisted at that place on the 10th in&t. At 5 o'clock in the morning, a salute was fired from the fort by the Spanish troops, and the Spanish flag displayed. At S, P. M. the American colors were hoisted with the Spanish, and the American troops landed at the South Battery, and marched directly to the fort At 4, the Spanish troops marched out, and the Spanish flag was lowered under a salute of 21 guns from the fort, which was answered by the U. S. schrs. Tartar and Revenge, at an chor in the harbor. To the politeness of Capt. Chester, we are indebted for the following copy of a proclamation issued by Gov. Coppinger, previous to relinquishing his command : PROCLAMATION Bv Cel. JOSEPH COPPLXGER, Coventor of East-Florida. translation. To the Inhabitants of East-Florida. On the 10th inst. possession of this Province will be jjiven to Colonel HOll ERT BU I LER, the Commissioner le gally authorized by the United States. The Spanish officers and troops will there fore evacuate said territory on the day above-mentioned, as the same will be oc cupied by the Officers and Troops of the United States, agreeably to the Treaty concluded at Washington on the 22U of February, 1819 the Royal Warrant of the 24th Octr. uli. and other Orders in my possession as a Commissioner for the delivery of said Piovince. As soon as the delivery is effected, the Spanish Au thority, in the exercise of its functions, will cease, and the American commence. It is my duty to inform you of this im portant change. I have already stated to you the stipulation made by our govern ment to secure to you the free exercise of the Catholic Religion the possession of your property and all the enjoyments that the Treaty guarantees. I have also informed you of the privileges and pro tection offered by our. government to all those who may wish to emigrate to any of the Spanish dominions, and particular ly to the Island of Cuba. I now cease to command, but shall re main with you the limited time for the fulfilment of some particulars of my com mission, which resolution I expect will receive the sanction. of my superiors. Meanwhile, those desirous of removing to the Havana, will always find me rea dy to render them all the assistance which lies in my power; and wherever I am placed, to testify towards you the par ticular esteem aud regard you are enti tled to. Floridians. You are now going to give a signal proof of your virtues, by obeying his Majesty's commands. With this change, may all the vicissitudes that cir cumstances have made you suffer with such heroic resignation, cease ! As a wit ness of my desire and a proof of the sac rifices you have made to your country, I shall, as I always have done, bear testimo ny of all those I am apprised of, who may require it. I flatter myself with the idea you will be happy, which is the sincere wish of lour Friend and Fellow-Citizen, JOSEPH COPPINGER, Colonel. St. Augustine, July 7, 1821. FROM TIERMUDA. icew-londojc, july 4. The schr. Bet sey, Briggs, arrived on Sunday last, in 1 1 days from Bermuda. We have received our usual files of papers by this arrival. I he disputes between the Governor and Legislature, were still carried on with great animosity. The Governor appeals determined to place all the authorities of the Island at his feet. In this policy he j is determinedly opposed by the Legisla ture. A few days previous to the sailing of the Sea Serpent, several transports arrived at Bermuda from Halifax with troops to relieve the garrison of that place. On their arrival, the Governor called the officers together, and in an address to them, declared that the inhabitants of the Island were in a state of rebellion, and that he expected the troops would stand by him ! He had previously tlisarmed the militia, by calling in the government arms. On one occasion he called the majority of the Legislature, " a factious, irreligious and disappointed party." The House returned a very spirited reply ; and de clined any further proceedings until they heard from their petition for the removal of his excellency. The governor rejoin ed " Blinded by error, or some more dreadful infatuation, you have finally, in direct terms, refused to do your duty. You. are proceeding at your own peril, and are collectively and individually res ponsible to your God,' to your King, and to yuur country, for all the evils you may here the business rests between him and the House. It appears the vestry of the Church at St. Georges had made an ap- propriauon to ueiray tne expenses ot pre senting a memorial to the king, respect ing the governor's conduct. He directed the vestrv to meet attended in . person and demanded whether the appropriation had been paid ? He was answered by a Mr. Till that it had. Upon this he oeclai ed to Mr. Till, " unless he refunded the money, within ten cbys, he would imins on him vjhere no fiower on earth could re Inr litm Hftrin his life-, end until he should rot." CHARLESTON, JULY 17. On Friday last, a man calling himself Howell Wisdoms, delivered himseU to the Sheriff of Charleston District, and was immediately confined in eoal. Win- j - - KJ doms acknowledged that he had, on tne Saturday previous, in or near Goose Creek, killed a man named John Lock leyer The following statement of this singular transaction is voluntarily given by Windoms himself : " On Saturday, the 7th inst. Lockleyer, accompanied by a negro, came to the house of a Mr. G. Crawford, where Win doms had been sometime before, and threatened to take his life, in consequence of some previous quarrel between them. Lockleyer then went away, and in an hour after returned with a gun, which he snap ped at Windoms through the door, which stood partly open. The latter then seiz ed a loaded gun which was in the house, and shot Lockleyer, who fell dead on the spot. The negro escaped. Windoms immediately delivered himself to Peter Saunders, Esq. a Justice of the Peace, from whom he received a commitment, which he brought to town in his pocket, and surrendered himself as above slated. So far, the narrative of Windoms The case is obviously one of justifiable homicide in self defence, and the act of delivering himself into the hands of the proper authority, proves that Windoms was conscious of having done no more than reason and justice warranted him in doing. Charleston Times. HORRID MURDER. savannah, july 10. About midnight cn Sunday last, a white man named Saun ders, living 17 miles up the Augusta road, was shot dead in his house by a ne gro fellow, supposed to belong to a Mr. Brown, in or about Augusta, and known by the name of Essex, Mr. Saunders was called to the back door by the fellow, and as he opened it he received the contents of a musket or fowling piece into his head, and dropped dead on the bed from whence he had just risen, and where lay his wife and three infant children. On Mrs. Saunders screaming, the fel low who had entered the house, seized her by the throat, and seating her on a bench, threatened that she should share the fate of her husband, if she stirred or made the least noise ; and in this situa tion was she forced to remain for a quar ter of an hour, while he was searching for plunder. He first secured well the outer door, opening into the public road, then lit a fire from a smoking pot which was in the house, and with the greatest coolness and deliberation proceeded to his search for money. Einding but two dollars, he became enraged against the terrified woman, and threatened her with instant death, if she did not discover more or tell him where the pocket-book was. He however found that empty, and then demanded " the two watches," and with these and the two dollars departed through the back door. The poor wo man, whose agony for her husband's mel ancholy fate had been absorbed in the ter ror that was instantly excited for her own life and that of her sleeping children, was now left a prey to the dreadful feelings which the scene before her was calcula ted to inspire. The murderer is well known on the Augusta road, and it is believed will soon be apprehended. The circumstances must stimulate to extraordinary vigilance in " pursuing him. He is a stout made man, and is supposed to be the same who knocked a black boy off his horse and robbed him of his saddle-bags the after noon before. He is said to have been re cently employed on the middle grouud road ot Effingham county, in erecting a house for Low, Wallace Sc Co. The dis tressed widow says that she had seen him before,, and that he stopped at her house not long since, when she supposed he dis covered the watches hanging over the chimney piece. So horrid a transaction has seldom oc curred in our community, and we sin cerely hope that before this time the mur derer is in the hand of justice. Refiub. REFINED AMUSEMENT. A Norfolk paper contains an advertise ment of a Bull Bait, to take nlace on that day the (22d.) at which, says the adverti ser, " fine sport may be expected V We do not know what encouragement specta cles of this rational description, may meet with in Norfolk, but we do know, that the proposer of an amusement like this in Savannah, and indeed in most of the cities in the United States, would be scouted from society. What " sport" an audience of rational creatures can find in torturing a poor creature to death, or what, amusement in beholding the ago nies and sufferings of a noble and useful animal, unless they are degraded to the level cf the brutes which minister to their4' sporti i3 difficult to imagine The actors in e amusements have no excuse for theruejty they do not, like the Cavalieat tne Spanish Bull Bait, attack the riated animal them selves, to displayeir prowess before? their " ladic-love,"n( to win the prize of bravery but assNtie fr tnc cannl" bal-like pleasure, of,cnoldins a poor devoted animal tied t stake, attacked by his natural enemie.r0aring out his agony and fear wounds lacerated, and bleeding, till fainting w1 fatigue and loss of blood, he becomes0 longer able to gratify the detestable pasure of his tormentors, or is relieved tm their in humanity and barbarity, by he hand of death. And this is the " sp" offered to the citizens of Norfolk ! Nee we com plain at the tales told of us in Europe, when we afford grounds like thes. for her critics to go upon, who, heaven knows, are disposed to slander us sufrMently without cause ? Will not this fact fur nish a paragraph for another Fearofc or Howitt, and be brought forward with tri umph as a trait of the American charac ter? The good name of our country the "immediate jewel of our souU'nd we retrret to see the least act wtflch may commit it, by giving her slanderers a hold, or leaving a " loop to hang a doubt upon" in the minds cf those who are dis posed to think well of us, CINCINNATI. boston, july 6. The birth day of nnr national indenendence was commem orated by this decreasing band of war worn veterans in their usual spirit of re newed friendship and interesting recol lections. They dined at Concert Hall? which is always reserved lor their accom modation, told their old stories, sung their old songs, and fought over, in review, their old battles ; and as this sort of harm less fighting precludes the shedding of blood, plentiiul titrations ot tviaaeira ana Claret were poured out in lieu of it. The following historical items, in form of toasts, were recognized and attested to in. full flowing bumpers : 1st. Toast The dav, and memory of the im mortal Washington ! His valor and skill defen ded in the field what wisdom and patriotism de creed in the cabinet. 2d The President of the United States. 3d Toast Independence ! boldly declared, pertinaciously denied, but fairly proved, and confirmed by the ten following arguments : 4th Toast 1st arg. Lexington ! Where we taught our foes " The true war dance of Yankee reels, "And manual exercise of heels." JPFinzcJ. 5th 2d arg Bunker's Hill ! Where more execution was done by father's long gun, than by king's arms and bayonets. 6th 3d arg. Retreat from Ty? . We lost our tents snd baggage, but Burgoyne and his ar my were soon pledged to redeem them. 7th 1th arg. Saratoga! Thousands drink health at her springs, but there the British Lion drank death from our Brooks. Drank after the President had retired. 8th 5th arg. Princeton ! A coup de main ! Planned by genius without supplies, and execu ted by bravery without shoes and stockings 9th 6th arg. Trenton ! A ruse de guerre I Where with a great many lights before them, the enemy lost their Hessians in the dark. 10th 7th arg-. Brandywine and German town! Battles won and lost. New troops al ways gain by fighting. 11th Sth arg. Monmouth ! A fair trial , of strength and discipline by da3 , and the result acknowledged by the enemy in .their retreat by night. 12th 9th arg. Stony Point! A tough storm 1 which swept the enemy's standard from the walls and tore up his proud defiance by the roots. 13th 10th arg. Yorktown ! A stubborn fact ! which produced a verdict in our favor, and left no case for the Court at Westminster. 14th Toast The American Fair We fough; for Libert- and Independence, but reject not the silken chain which beauty offers. Volunteer Old Times ! Some of us are old enough to remember them the rest will never forget their influence. The advance of this corps, able to take the field upon the occasion, consisted of only 21, supported by about the same number of vigorous and spirited recruits, who fill their father's vacancies in the line, and who will ever do honor to their memory. From the Baltimore Morning Chronicle. m The assertion that we made some time since, that a female Poet is now living, whose poetry is superior to Byron's, seems to have excited some astonishment amongst our brother Editors in New York, we now repeat : Let thess gentle men be patient, and we hope in due time, to give the name of this Lady, together with her works. We are under the se rious belief that our fond anticinations on this subject will not be disappointed. If our country men are but true to themselves, they will have as little to fear from an en counter with their rivals in the field of the ,Muses as in the field of Mars. There is at Marseilles, at present, a man, 76 years of age, who. has had by three wives, thirty-nine children, twenty five of which are living ; the youngest is seven rears old.
