TUBS I). 1 1; . 1 UG US'l 14, 1 32 1 .
ELECTION.
The following- is the result of the Election in
this county :
John lAmkey, Esq. for the Senate.
Col. Henry Rails and John Clement for the
Commons.
Charles Fisher, Esq. was chosen to represent
this borough.
In consequence of some reports concerning
he liorough Election, we have been requested
to publish the following' letters :
Salisbury, th of Aug. 1821.
Dear Sin: We, the undersigned, are appoin
ted as a committee by a respectable number of
the voters of the Borough, for the purpose of
conterring with you on the subject ot the ap
proaching election, it being understood that our
name will be held up as a candidate to represent
the Borough in the next General Assembly.
The citizens whom we represent, in common
with our Western brethren, feel a deep and
lively interest in the great question of a CON
VENTION: believing that at the meeting of the
Legislature, some energetic and decisive meas
ures will be pursued, it is much to be wished
that we should send to our aid all the advanta
ges of talents combined with age and experi
ence : we are requested to solicit you to decline
standing a candidate. We are instructed to dis
tinctly inform you, that this application is made
alone on the score of your youth. But should it
so happen that you cannot, consistently with our
engagements, decline, ycu ma; rely on the ac
tive support of ourselves and the citizens whom
we have the honor to represent.
Your friends of the Borough are happy in
having this opportunity of bearing testimony to
your talents and merit ; qualifications which,
with a little more age and experience, will ena
ble you to do honor to yourself, and be of use
fulness to your friends and the public.
Witli sentiments of respect,
AVe are yours, sincerely,
James Jlfartin, Jr.
Closes A. Eocke,
Henry Sleighter,
1
Stephen L. Ferrand, j
Samuel Lemley, J p
A liked Macat, Esq.
Jfillford, Aug. 6, 1821.
Gestlemes : I have just received your note,
and am rejoiced that my engagements do not
prevent an immediate reply.
It is so contrary to all justice and the genius
of a free Republic, for a minority to govern a
ma jority, that no one more sincerely desires the
calling of a Convention than myself. It is the
only measure that can redress our grievances,
and secure us in the possession and enjoyment
of our rights.
If, Gentlemen, you can command the services
of any of your citizens of more years and greater
experience than myself, I shall most readily re
fuse my name as a candidate, and unite with you
in every step that may, in the smallest degree,
promote the great object that the people of the
West have in view.
If necessary, you will be kind enough to inform
my friends the motives of my conduct.
With the highest respect, yours,
v- ALFRED MAC AY.
J. JTarlin, jr. Esq. and others.
RYE COFFEE.
We have been much gratified in reading an
essay in the Raleigh Starfby Calvin Joms, m. ii.
of that place, entitled "Brief observations on
some of the-diseases of indigestion, and on the
deleterious effects of the Coffee of Mocha, and
theWEST In dies ; with considerations on the san
itive virtues of RYE COFFEE, and instructions
for preparing it." Its length only prevents us
from republishing it entire ; and we must con
tent ourselves with giving little 'more than his
method of preparing this domestic substitute for
the "deleterious bean" which has so long fur
bished our morning and evening beverage.
The considerations which the Doctor urges on
the score of health, in favor of substituting Rye
for the Coffee of Micha, will, we are inclined to
think, fail of producing any practical result.
They may convince ; but thej' will not change.
When once we become wedded to any habit, no
matter how fatal may be its consequences, even'
avenue to conviction and reform seems to be im
penetrably blocked up. Motives drawn from all
that is most dear to us in this world, and clothed
with all the solemnities and realities of another,
arc as powerless as though they were directed
to blocks of marble. In vain you tell the .whis
ker drinker that pure water is better than the
dlsVdlatcd poison which constitutes his hourly
potation:?, and that table or small beer is prefer
able to cither : he heeds you not: his habit is
confirmed : and health, and happiness, and rep
utation, are all sacrificed. As little effect will all
the denunciations cf JHocha have upon us. We
maybe perfectly sensible of "the indigestions
produced by this foreign poison, and that the
make a distin-
Hiieciions ui-jjiiiuiiig,
fished figure in the modern catalogue of dis
eases ;" yet habit, and the luscious relish of the
poison itself, will still exercise uncontrollable
swav over our convictions. If Coffee, therefore,
be poison, we are fearful it will long continue to
torment us, and increase the patients, and of
tourse the emoluments, of the disciples of -Es-culapius.
But the arguments that will have the most
weight are those which are drawn from motives
of economy Americans are a money making
people ; and when you touch their purse, you
touch their tendcrest Prt. Hinc-. if they can
onee be convinced, that hy banishing from their
tables the Mocha bean, and supplying its place
with the product cf their own fields, they would
retain in their purses a good share of the "siller"
which has hitherto gone to purchase the former
article, the Doctor will doubtless make at least
a few converts ; and wc wisli from our hearts he
may make many. The "metallic taste1' of the
Mocha can hardly fail cf making it nauseous to
some. Let us hear what he savs on this head :
" The average quantity "of Coffee an
nually consumed in the United States
from 1803 to 1812, was more than sixteen
millions of pounds weight, and the quan
tity has greatly increased since. In the
most disastrous year of the late war, there
was consumed upwards of 12,000,000 lbs.
much of it our enemy's product, at a cost
to the consumers of nearly g6,000,000.
" The difference between using an ar
ticle of domestic growth at one cent per
pound, and another of foreign product at
thirty five, is not the only economical con
sideration I would impress. By the use
of the former, a saving is made of one
half the quantity of sugar. Our own folly
lays heavier taxes on us than government
does, and is an object more worthy cf cen
sure than the Banks."
This article is already drawn out to a greater
length than we intended; we shall conclude it,
therefore, by giving tlie Doctor's mode of pre
paring I ye Codec, and by strongly recommen
ding a trial of it to all patriotic and economical
Americans, excepting, however, those who may
be so unfortunate as to be noosed to "slatterns
anddrozzles," as we wish the experiment to be
fairly made :
" To prepare Rye for use it should first
be scalded and washed, then boiled fifteen
minutes, afterwards remain in the water
until somewhat swollen, and lastly thor
oughly dried in the open air. The next
progress is to roast or parch it carefully
without burning. When ground, about
two gills is by the admixture of cold wa
ter to be formed into a paste. Three
quarts of boiling water are then to be add
ed and the pot which contains it to be
placed on coals and kept boiling for a quar
ter or half an hour. It is improved by
slow and long boiling and by a leisurely
depuration afterwards. When sufficient
ly boiled it is to be removed from the fire
and a quantity of cold water, equal to that
which has been evaporated, is to be sud
denly poured into t he pot and the whole
slightly stirred up with a spoon. A little
is now twice to be poured off and return
ed to the pot. Alter remaining 8 or 10
minutesor longer,togive the grounds time
to subside, it is to be poured off into a
notlicr pot until the sediment is disturb
ed. The grounds on a little agitation are
rendered so buoyant that this decanting is
necessary to preserve the liquor free from
turbidncss. 1 hus prepared, it is of a fine
amber colour, and, with a due portion of
sugar and and cream, has a rich balsamic
taste and a very grateful flavor. Some
who employ it mix with the Hyc one
fourth the quantity of Coffee to give it the
peculiar flavor of that deleterious bean
but this is the sacrifice of folly to a very
silly prejudice. The rye flavour is supe
rior to that of the coffee when custom
shall have rendered it familiar ; and to re
tain the fomth of the evil, for that consid
eration, is making very bad terms with an
exposed and stibiucratcd foe. Besides,
conj
thcr taken singly.
" Rye is a delicate grain and should be
preserved carefully and treated with scru
pulous exactness, or it will disappoint the
expectations I am attempting to excite.
It should be kept dry and well secured
from mice and insects, and be occasional
ly .stirred and aired or it will acquire an
unpleasant flavor. After scalding and
washing, if not dried speedily and thor
oughly, by being thinly spread, and hav
ing a proper exposure, it will become
musty ; and even after being roasted,
witn great caution, ii ins wciiiuci is uuiujj
and hot it will sustain injury. So much
care and attention arc required to have the
best breakfast beverage in the world, that
I would except a slattern and a drozzlc
from this recommendation of its use.
Let them adhere to the beverage of the
Arabs, and to a bandaged head, rather than
the reputation of rye should sutler.
SS"SiW
There are few men that know how
to converse. You may see many a
man like Addison, who can draw on
his banker for 1000. but who has not
nineptnee in ready cash, to contribute
as his share in conversation. Wom
en, on the contrary, are always both
ready and willing to speak. Women
have a ir.ost graceful way of talking
about nothing, which men, in their wis
dom, esteem beneath their powers.
The French ladies are pre-eminent in
this art, and ufter them the Irish ladies
hold the most distinguished place. It
phsoftitelv marvellous to listen to
twn sisters, w ho have been parted for
three weeks, edifying each other witb
their mutual stores of intelligence, oi
which their brothers would have dis
burdened themselves in one tenth of
the time. Monthly Vueczjne.
the articles arc not suited to each other ; -
they do not assimilate ; they are want ng , f , w k Mr. F. is al-
,n natural aflmlty ; the decoction from he , J to 'ascertain with certainty
rn.sn.re will not depurate read. ly, and the
oinca llavor is interior io uiai ui ci- - . , , ,
Just as our paper was ready, for press, wc
received from an attentive correspondent the
following result of the election in Cabarrus :
IV. R. Pharr is elected for the Senate, and
C. JWelker and JV. jrian for the Commons.
State of the Foil.
Senate....W. R. Piiaur 335
S. S. IlAunis 130
Commons.. ..C. Mf.lker . . . . . 518
W. M'Leax 45 i
G. Klctts 356
For Congress. ...V. Davidson .... 375
II. C'ON'XOR .... 3 i3
ron the westerx caroiixia:.
Believing it will render an essential
service to the public, I think it a duty
to communicate the following circum
stance which took place a lew clays
since in the family of a near relation.
Miss being about a quarter of a
mile from home, was unfortunately bit
ten on the foot by a snake, called a pi
lot, so severely that the blood ran free
ly from the wound. Being greatly a
larmed, she made all possible haste in
her power, and with some difficulty
was able to reach home, the poison
spread so rapidly ; but on applying the
recipe below, she was, almost instanta
neously, relieved from the misery of
the wound, and in a few days was able
to do her ordinary business.
Recipe for the bite of a Snake,
As soon as possible apply the mouth
of a bottle, nearly filled with distilled
spirits, (whiskey or brandy,) to the
wound ; the spirits will extract the poi
son and give immediate relief, b. s.
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
The Board for Public Improvements
met in this city, on Monday last, and ad
journed yesterday. (A. Moore, Esq. and
Col. Avery were absent, the former be
iii kept away by indisposition, the latter,
it is presumed, by high waters.) The
Board have received from the State In
ij;ineer, Heports on all the Rivers, See.
that he had visited since their last meet
ing, upon which the necessary measures
were taken. A number of other commu
nications were laid before them and acted
upon ; and fresh instructions were given
to Mr. Fulton in relation to the objects
necessary to he attended to previous to
the next meeting of the Board. Among
these were, to complete the survey of
Cape Fear between Haywood and Fayette
viile ; and one from Fox's Island to Strode's
Creek, for the purpose of ascertaining the
practicability of canalling between those
points and the expense thereof. When
a contract shall be made for improving the
Navigation of Broad Kiver, Mr. Fulton
is to visit that Kiver and give the necessa
ry instructions to the contractor: He is
also to isitthc Yadkin, and give instruc
tions for improving that Kiver between
YVilksboro' and the Bean Shoals ; and to
have the necessary Surveys made be
tween Flat Swamp and the Uhaiie Rivers.
A Survey of the Dan and Roanoke is di
rected, beginning at the Dan at Col. M.
Moore's or Johnson Clements, in Stokes,
and ending at Plymouth, determining the
plans of improvement, at all the places
from the Chesapeake at the proposed Ro
anoke Inlot ; and if it does, what is its ve
locity, and how far out it runs from the
point of the proposcd Inlet.
The Board adjourned to Wednesday,
the fourteenth of November next.
fta'righ Register.
American Asylum. We have received
from Hartford the Fifth Annual report of
the Directors of the American Asylum
for the Education and Instruction of the
Deaf and Dumb. The institution appears
to be in a flourishing situation, and when
the Directors shall have derived the tunds
which they expect from the sale of the
lands granted them bv the United States,
they will be able, not only to extend their
usefulness, but to educate this unfortunate
class of persons at a much cheaper rate.
The whole number of pupils now in the
Asylum is sixty-two. Ninety have been
instructed there, but 30 have left at differ
ent periods. Twenty-one of the pupils
are supported by the State of Massachu
setts. The expenses of the establishment,
for the last year, including S9,!89 4, for
building, amount to S26,5T5 S3. This
report is rendered uncommonly interest
ing from the many specimens of original
composition annexed to it, and which shew
a degree of proficiency among the pupils
generally, truly surprising. Com. Adv.
DIED, ,
In Fayettevillc, on the 25th ultimo, Mr. James
Powers, a native of Maryland. He was a Lieu
tenant under Gen. Greene, in the Revolutionary
AVar; V.as in the battles at Guilford. Eutaw
I inriv;;:i rv. in ik nur - i f iiirii i ri inn
Springs, and several others, and ras discharged
in consequence of having been severely woun
ded. He is supposed to have a son, whose name
is Charles W. Powers, residing" in this state, who,
perhaps, would derive much interest from cer
tain papers leftby the deceased.
C3 Editors of papers published in North Car
olina, would probably oblige the son by publish
intr the above. Favettcvilh Ubscri'er.
.it the sign of the Eagle and Harp, -.vest corner of
Rroad and Jing streets, and one door north of
the Court JIuuse, C.LUI)E.; S. C.
M. M. M'COLLOCH,
-.5 TnTAVINC: recently established him-
self in the above line, in that ele
gant house formerly occupied by Col. F. A. I)e
liesseline, respectfully solicits a share of public
patronage. The house is elegantly situated,
large, airy and commodious, fitted for the imme
diate reception of families and travellers, who
wish to be retired, particularly for families trav
elling for their health. His House, Har and Sta
bles, are always well supplied with the neces
sary comforts and refreshments for man and
horse.
Camden, July 26, 1821.
62
THE CELEliliA'l El) HORSE
JSVIPOLEOjX,
'7TLI. stand the ensuintr Fall Season at rov
bility for accidents or escapes of any kind.
MICHAEL BKOWX.
August 8, 1821. 1 62
"IMMEDIATELY, a Journeyman Shoemaker,
.M who is well acquainted with his business.
Also, Two Apprentice Boys, from 11 to 1G
vears of age.
E. DICKS OX.
August 14, 1321. 62
TO THE PUBLIC.
IIAVE been credibly informed that there are
persons on the north and south side of the
Yadkin river, and on different roads leading to
mv ferrv, who arc and have been in the habit of
11
V 1 plantation, seven miles west ct Salisbury; j Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations Clark's Intro!
at the moderate price of twelve dollars the sea- : duction to the making- of Latin, Sallust, Greek
son, seven dollars the single bap, and twenty j Testament, and Dalzel's Gra:ca Minora Those
dollars to insure. Marcs sent trom a distance , desirous of entering- a more advanced CHs v i'l
will be kept and fed on grain at tbe market ; be instructed in Geogranhv, F.n-1-h liramrAr
price. Pasturage will be furnished gratis. Pro- Adam's Roman Antiquities, Al-ebra, Menstru
per care and attention will be paid, but no lia- ; tion of Suncrfieies and Solid Pi,Mt n 1 nu
telling travellers that I have quit keeping u?j mv ' v,-lil in U1 eases precede in anv ultimate n.oas
ierr. wnicn l sav is a irrunu laisiiv : rvnii some .v.vj. nna aenuui win ne etiuai ia
of thorn have r-one so fur as to tell the. traveller 1 any of the kind in the United States r asth:- m.:n
that I charge for a loaded wagon and team from ( Der 's ntore limited, the circle of sciences ten
se vent v-fivo cents to one dollar, which is another dered to the student more extensive, and the v.n
fdsUy." 1 think it my duty, therefore, to inform j divided attention of the preceptor insured to his
the public at large, that I still keep my ferry up, ; pl,PllS
that I have as good boats as there are on the j Gentlemen desirous of more particular infer
river, and that they will be well attended to. nation on i the subject, are referred to the lion.
The charges are as follows: A loaded wagon ! Stephen Elliott, LL. D. Thomas S. Grim he, Esq.
and team, 30 cents; an empty, the same; a two j Joseph Bennett, Esq. Jtrnj. F. Hunt, Esn. in
horse wagon, loaded or empty, 2o cents; a cart,
Jo ; pedler s wagon,
with one horse, 25 cents ;
chairs, 25; u four wheel carriage for pleasure,
with two horses, 30 cents; a carriage with four
horses, the same; horsemen five cents; footmen
five cents.
JOHN S. LONG.
August 12, 1821.
62
THOSE persons who have business in the
Bank are requested to take notice, that
there must be tw o securities to their bonc'a, be
sides tlie endorser. An erroneous opinion has
gone abroad, that one name other than the prin
cipal is sufficient. I hope attention will be paid
to this notice.
A. HENDERSON,
President of the Salisbury Uatil:
July 26, 1821. 3wt62
ON the Tuesday and Wednesday of August
Court, at the Court-House in Salisbury, will
be sold, on a credit of six months, several valua
ble young XEGltO Boys and Girls, belonging to
the estate cf the late Col. Richmond Pearson,
deceased.
J. A. PEARSON, Earecutor.
E. PEARSON, ExecutrU.
July SI, 1821. 60
Miognny YwYiYiiwve, Sec.
THE subscriber informs the citizens of Rowan
and the adjoining counties, that he has a
quantity of prime St. Domingo MAHOGANY,
and other materials suitable for making good
and substantial work. Persons who may want
Furniture of JWahogany, would do well to call
and see a specimen, which the subscriber has
now on hand, and judge whether they cannot
be accommodated at home on mere reasonable
terms than abroad.
Also, Furniture of common wood, made on
reasonable terms. J. CONRAD.
Lexington, Rouan County,
July 16, 1S21.
6wt61
Tea DoWsws TVexvvA.
A.N awav from the subscriber
.ft, on Monday, the 16th inst. a
Negro Boy named Harry ,- about
25 years of age, 5 feet 9 inch.es
high, stout made, very black com
plexion, handsome features, his
clothing not recollected. I sus
pect he is lurking about the con
fines of Mecklenburg and Cabarrus. I will give
any person ten dollars who will deliver him to
me in Cabarrus county, or confine him in Con
cord jail, so that I can get him again.
SAMUEL "W. BURNS.
Rochv River, Cabarrus Co.
July 12, 1821. Swt62
Houses uwiV liois foi! Sale,
X rfflllE subscriber wishes to sell all those
h& jL well known possessions in Salisbury
' 8-ml. on which he now lives ; and also, an ad
joining new house, not quite finished, with two
back Lots. There are on the premises large
and convenient Buildings, suitable for any kind
of public business. As the stand and property
are generally well known, it is not necessary to
tiivc a minute description. It will be sold in
detached parts, or altogether, as may suit the
purchaser. A short credit will be given. Any
person wishing to purchr.se, w ill please call and
view the premises. B. P. PEARSON.
SaXslvT'". Ji;w4, 1821,
6wt64
T" f 1 .1 11 il . -f -V
nines irom sanr.ourv, on the Main Viulkm
f , -i 1 - t . ...
river. This plantation contains 350 acres of fine
land, attached to which is a very valuable Fcrrw
Terms will be made convenient. For particu
lars, applvto Dr. Ferrand, in SalUburv.
Rowan Co. July 3, 1821. 57
A ND committed to the jail of Kowan count v,
XV on the 12th day of this month, n Xnr.Uo
WOMAN by the name of Rose ,- s:s she s the
property of John Cobb, or Cox, a" speculator,
who purchased her on the Eastern Shore cf
Maryland, of John Bell, ami v. us g-ca-cr towards
the south. She savs tuat iu r htiobam!, bv the
name of Xetl, and hcrsi 1?, i -r. t lest from" their
master in travelling, and .slie ;;fain from her hus
band. She appears to be about j cr 55 Years
old; about five feet high, dark complexion", thin
visage, and speaks quick. The owner is l c ques
ted to come forward, according-to the act ot the
Assembly, and receive her.
"WILLIAM HOWARD, J
Salisbury, July 30, 1821.
Owtco
Select School.
jVTR. JAMES II. LIXsLEV has removed Ins
lY S. Select Hoarding- School to Stratford, TV.r
field county, Connecticut, U miles from New
Haven, and 65 from Xew-Vork; where lie occu
pies one of the most cleg-ant ami commodious
houses in the State ; and the number of his pu
pils is limited to 15 onlv.
The principal design" of the School is to pre
pare young gentlemen for Vale College, or anv
other University in the U. States. Students dJ-
irous of entering- the Freshman CIks in
College above named, will pursue the mdv ' f
tances, Plane and Spheric Trigonomctrv and
Geometry; Surveyinr;, .Navigation, Natural and
Moral Philosophy, Astronomy, Elements of His
tory, Composition, Rhetoric and lielles-Lettres,
Sec. with the Latin and Greek Languages contin
ued through various authors.
In addition to the above will be taught, if de
sired, the French and Hebrew Languages, and
the study cf Botany as an amusement, during the
iloral season.
The terms for Board, Tuition, bedding-, wash
ing, fuel, candles, and room, are two hundred and
twenty-five dollars per annum, payable half year
ly ; the first half year in advam-e"
j The discipline and government of this School
; will be addressed to the pride and honour of the
I student; and an appeal by letter to the parent
i nai icszon ; io me lien. James .M. Wayne, .bra-
"am Juchcrtts, L.sq. bavannah ; John Deveret:
sch -Newbern, N. C. ; -the Hon. John C. Calhoun,
ecrcxaryoi war; tlie Hon. Henry JJ'. Edvt h,
i Edr.nmd Ea-w, Esq. Washington city; WilUuvi
wynn, isq. liammore ; JjAti Sfa?ile7 M. 1).
orRtown, Fenn.; the Hon. Eanzd'm C7V
Philadelphia; the Hon. Feter A. Jar, Wm. ".
ll'oohey, Esq. Jf'm. Siluman, Esq. New -York.
And for general information, the subjoined
Certificates are respectfully submitted.
Mr. James H. Linslfy has received a regular
education at this College, and sustained, while
here, an excellent character, and a respectable
standing in his class. He has been employed for
some years as a teacher of youth, with success
and approbation; and it is'believed that he is
qualified to give instructions in the various
branches specified above.
JEREMIAH DAY,
President of l'ale College.
Vv-Ifaven, Oct. 23, 1820.
In the above recommendation, 1 fully and cor
dially concur.
BENJAMIN SIIXIMAN,
One of the Professors of Vale College.
Jcts:laven, Oct. 24, 1820.
CcPV cfa tter from the Rev. J. Dat, D. D.LL. D.
to the Hon. John C. Calhocx, Secretaru or
TVar, dated Yale College, Oct. 23, 1820.
Dear Sir,
There may, perhaps, be put into your hand?,
a copy of an advertisement of Mr. Jaies H.
Linsley, of this State, who proposes to estab
lish a select School, for the accommodation of a.
small number of youths from the South.
Considering him as a man of estimable char
acter, of liberal attainments, and correct princi
ples ; I have taken the liberty of furnishing him
with a certificate, for the purpose of encourag
ing him in his proposed plan of instruction.
Should any of your friends think proper to af
ford him their patronage, I trust they will net
find their confidence misplaced.
With the highest respect,
Your obedient Servant
JEREMIAH DAY.
The Hon. Jonx C. Calhoun,
Washington City.
P. S. A similar letter was also written bv Pres
ident Hat to the Hon. Stephen- Ei.:ott, LL. D
Stratford, July 20th, 1821. 6wt66
Tiiyv-VcUoi WiYYiieu,
"g3 Y the children cf John Cunningham, dc--O
ceased, who departed this life in Greenville
District, S. C. whose wife was named Jane.
Their youngest daughter, Jane Cunningham, is
now residing in Uloomfield, Nelson county, Ken.
and is desirous oF obtaining anv information that
will open a correspondence between the widow
of said Cunningham, or John, James and George,
children of the aforesaid John and Jar.e Cun
ningham. The said Jane was bound cr put un
der the care of Mrs. Armstrong, of South-Carolina,
who removed to Kentucky and brought the
sid Jane with her. Anj" information relating to
them will be thankfully received, bv
JANE CUNNINGHAM,
Jiijomfdd, Ken.
(xy Editors r f newspapers in Washington City,
North and South-Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, an i
Tennessee, will confer a particular obligation on
an orphan child, by giving the above two or
three insertions in their respective papers.
ILetter "Press "Printing,
I every description, neatly and correct;.'
' J? Tec-ti'd st ti:? frp.r on short r.cticc.
I yj l rur s.ue, :i uiuaoie riaiuaiion, u