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SAlASBYSIVi, . C. TYjY.Sti.TX, SETTliM-IVER IS, 182L.
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Br PLVGIIAM & M1IITK.
TERMS :
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rflUE subscriber is now opening, at his Store
JL in Salibur9 a general and well selected
assortment of
BUY GOODS,
IIAUD-WAIIi:, and
MEDICINES,
Just received direct from New-York ami Phila
delphia, and laid in at prices that will enable him
to sell remarkably low. His customers, and the
public, are respectfully invited to call and ex
amine for themselves. All kinds of Country
Produce received in exchange.
latrS 1 J. MUHPIIV.
Boolt-UinCLing lYusmess.
THE subscriber respectfully informs the citi
zens of the Western section of N. Carolina
and the adjoining districts of S. Carda, that he
lias established the liook-JJintlinjr IS it i nest; in all
of its various branches, in the town of Salisbury,
N. C. - lie has taLen the store formerly occupied
by Wood Sc Krider; on Main-street, three doors
north of the Court-House.
Having devoted considerable time to acquire
a competent knowledge of his business, in the
city of Baltimore, the subscriber Hatters himself
that he will be able to execute every kind of
work in his line, in a style and on terms that will
give general satisfaction.
Merchants and others, can have Jllar.h Hooks
ruled and bound to any pattern, on short notice,
as cheap and as well finished as any tlut can be
brought from the North.
Old Books rebound on the most reasonable
terms, and at short notice.
Orders from a distance, for Binding of cvery
description, will be faithfully attended to.
WILLIAM II. YOUNG.
Salisbury, June 8, 1821. 53
Vew Stage, to lafcig.
?T2--ra SIE subscriber, who is
&3m&f4& the U. State? Mail between
Kaleigh and Salisbury, by j
way of Randolph, Chatham, ccc. Tespectl.iilv in
forms the public, that he lias fittnl up an entire
NEW STAGE ; which, added to other improve
ments that have been made, wil.' enable him to j
carry PASSENGEBS with as imcli comiort an J
expedition as they can be carried by any line of
i-'.ages in this part of the country. The scarcity
f money, the reduction in the price of produce,
lie. demand a correspondent reduction in every
department of life : Therefore, the subscriber
has determined to reduce tlii? rate of passage
from eight to six cents per mile. Gentlemen
travelling from the West to Raleigh, or by way
of Baleigh to the North, are invited to try the
subscriber's Stage, as he feels assured it or.Jy
needs a trial to gain a preference.
The Stage arrives in Salisbury every Tuesday,
8 or 9 o'clock, and departs thence for Baleigh
the same day at 2 o'clock; it arrives in Haleigh
1-Yiday evening, and leaves there for Salisbury
on Saturday at 2 o'clock.
Mtrj 22,'l821. 50 JOHN LANE.
"Sitty DiVWnws AviivvvYil.
RAN away from the subscriber, at Charlotte,
Mecklenburg county, N. Carolina, a Negro
Boy by the name of SIMON; dark complexion,
stout made, and live feet seven or eight inches
high. He speaks low when spoken to. It is
supposed that he will make towards the county
of Prince William, Virginia, as he was purchased
in that county. I will give the above reward if
the said negro is delivered to Ixcac It'Hie, Ccn
cortl, Cabarrus county, or 25 dollars if secured in
:my jail, and information given, so that 1 tet him
again. EVAN WILIE.
'I ho Editors of the Bichmond Enquirer ure
requested to insert the above advertisement six
weeks, and semi their account to the olhce of
the Western Carolinian for payment.
fm-A.o WwntfctY,
"1 V the children of John Cunningham., de
.1) ceased, who departed this life in Greenville
District, S. C. whose wife was named .lane.
Their youngest daughter, Jane Cunningham, is
now residing in Bloomlield, Nelson county, Ken.
and is desirous of obtaining any information that
v ill oen a correspondence between the widow
of said Cunninglnm, or John, James and George,
children of the aforesaid John and. Jane Cun
ningham. The s-id Jane w as bound or put un
der the care of Mrs. Armstrong, of South-Carolina,
who removed to Kentucky and brought the
said Jane with Ik r. Any information relating to
them will be thaakfuilv receive', br
JAN C C L'NN INGHAM,
Bliumjicld, Ken.
CCT Editors of newspapers in Washington City,
North ami South-Carolina, Georgia, Al.t'aioa,:uuI
Tennessee, will confer a particular obligation on
nu orphan child, by giving the above two or
three in-: :rrn;3 in their resncctive pancr.
AGRICULTURAL.
'-4 '.EV-.Afft
,
Hail! first of Arts, source of domestic case;
Pride of the land, and put' on of the seas.
FKOM THE AM EIUCA TAIlMTIt.
Continued from our tast.
Sir Humphrey Davy, in his lectures on
agricultural chemistry observes, that " all
green succulent phnis contain saccharine
or mucilaginous matter, with woody fi
bres, and readily ferment. When they
are to be employed for cnrichinij a soil,
they should be ploughed in when in blos
som, for it is at this period that they con
tain the largest quantity of easily soluble
matter, and that their leaves arc most ac
tive in forming nutritive matter. Green
crops, pond weeds, or any kind of fresh
vegetable matter, require no preparation
to fit them for manure. The decomposi
tion slowly proceeds beneath the soil : the
soluble matters arc gradually dissolved,
and the slight fermentation that goes on,
checked bv the want of a free communi
cation of air, tends to render the woody
fibre soluble, without occasioning the rap
id dissipation of elastic matter." In speak
ing of dry straw, the same author states,
that when it is made to ferment it becomes
a more manageable manure, and that it is
usual to carry it to the dune: hill for this
purpose ; but he says, " it is worth exficri
nient, whether it may not be more eco
nomically applied, when chopped small
by a proper machine, and kept dry till it
is ploughed in for the use of a crop. In
this case, though it would decompose
much more slowly, and produce less effect
at first, yet its influence would be much
more lasting.'
On this latter point, of dry straw, it is
sufficient to remark, that this celebrated
chemist docs not positively recommend
that it be ploughed in without undergoing
fermentation ; he states it as a subject of
doubt, and worth experiment and only be
lieves it to be moie economic'.!. He has
himself given us the result of an experi
ment of his own, which should teach us
that the only use of applying dry chopped
straw, would be the opening a stiff soil.
In the very same page from which the
above recommendation is extracted, he
says, that from " 400 grs. of dry barley
straw, I obtained 8 grs. of matter soluble
in water, which had a brown colour, and
tasted like muciljgc." From 400 grs. of
wheat straw, he obtained only 5 grs. of a
similar substance. This experiment suf
ficiently demonstrates, that there can be
no comparison between mere woody dry
fibre, and the succulent luxuriance of a
vegetable in full sap ; but should any fur
ther elucidation be wanted, we have, in
the very next page of the same author, a
fact which ought to satisfy the most scep
tical. It is in these words : u Woody fi
bre will not ferment, unless some substan
ces are mixed with it, which act the same
part as mucilage, sugar, and extractive or
albuminous matters, ivith which it is usual
ly associated ivith her&3 c:zd succulcr.t -vegetables.."
Tor precision and accuracy in chemical
experiments, Sir Humphrey Davy may
be safely trusted ; but your committee
cannot believe he was a good farmer. In
deed most of his experiments, instead of
being applied to the valuable productions
of the field, wetc made on " mint" and
" primroses," in his garden.
Your committee have read with much
pleasure, two small agricultural tracts,
published by Mr. Matthew Peters, and
recommend them to the attention of
the Society, particularly those parts which
relate to the iub;ect now under consider
ation. These v. crks, "The Rational
Farmer," and " Winter Riches," contain
many valuable hints on all subjects con
nected with husbandry ; but he appears
to be most intelligent and zealous on the
subject of the vegetable manures, at equal
war with both hot and short muck farm
ers. He goes on so far as to say that all
at.imal and compound manures should be
excluded from tillage land, and should be
applied to meadow and pasture alone.
Two of his reasons arc so strong, as to
carry conviction of their truth, while oth
ers arc so plausible, as to invite the ex
periments of all farmers. The former
may be stated briefly to be, first, the com
parative facility with which a whole field
may be manured at once ; and secondly,
the exemption from weeds, slugs, trash
and vermin, which farm-yard manure
never fails to introduce. Your committee,
in the absence of their personal experi
ence on this subject, will briefly state his
mode of bringing a field into good tilth
and fertility, and it is worthy of remark,
that his soil resembles that of far the
greater part of our farms.
About the 1st of October, he breaks up
a stiff field, and sows, pretty thick, turnips
and barley, or rye and oats, (in all cases '
of turnip sowing, he mixes one quart of
radish seed with four quarts of turnip.
This crop is sown on land, ridged for win
ter fallow. In February you may put in
ewes and lambs. In April or May this
vegetable crop is turned completely un
der, with a proper plough, and on the fur
row he sows buckwheat, turnips, and
vetches, any or all, (but a mixture seems
preferable,) and harrows them in lightly.
Thus you have one crop of vegetable ma
nure under furrow, while another is grow
ing above it. The end of July, or begin
ning of August, he turns under this se
cond crop as before, and the end of Sep
tember his field is ready for wheat.
This is perhaps loo brief an analysis of
his mode, a continuance of which he
strongly recommend?, and in conclusion
he calls on all farmers, with the conscious
ness of all agricultural integrity, to throw
aside the worn-out thread-bare garment of
ignorance and pervcrsencss, and to con
sider the advantages atising from two veg
etable manurings, and a sprinkling of
sheep manure? performing their putrefac
tive office within the soil, and keeping
therein all their native salts and fertile
oily juice, with only three ploughings.
Your committee, though inexperienced
on this subject, cannot avoid recommend
ing to this Society, the adoption of a plan
on principles similar to those of Mr. Pe
ters. The end of September, any of the
following seed, or a mixture of them, as
judgment may dictate, should be sown,
on one ploughing and harrowing in : tur
nips, barley, Egyptian oats, rye, Hanover
turnip, or any other succulent vegetable,
not usually injured by frost. In the yean
ing season your ewes and lambs, and your
calves may be pastured on it without inju
ry. The end of April or beginning of
May, this vegetable crop should be neatly
turned, three to five inches deep, with a
good bir share and two horses, having
previously rolled it. Immediately on this
furrow, any or a mixture of any of the
following seeds should be sown, and har
rowed in, so as not to bring up the under
part of the furrow just turned. Ruck
wheat, vetches, or tares, turnips, cabbage
seed, peas, chickory, and in general, all
luxuriant, juicy vegetables. The first of
August this second crop should be rolled,
and neatly turned under ; and if wheat,
barley, or Egyptian oats arc to be the crop
for the ensuing year, they may be sown
any time in September, or first half of
October, taking great care so to water fur
row your field, as to cause as little wash
ing as possible. Should this field be want
ed for corn the next spring, it is recom
mended to sow it with turnip and radish
in September, and your cattle hogs and
ebeep may be fed with the turnips in
winter, and the field be broke up for corn
the end of March.
Ail clover and other grass lays have
long been used with unvarying eticcess,
as a vegetable manure. Their direct ef
fect is to open and divide the soil by their
v.oody fibre and roots, and to enrich it with
their mucilaginous substances, which are
easily soluble in water. Old pasture fields
should be suffered to grow up. or some
time previous to being turned in, that a
larger portion of vegetable matter may
be imparted to the soil. It is not uncom
mon to see some worn out fields, thrown
out of cultivation on account of their ster
ility, growing up in rag weed ; the farmer
of good judgment, keeping stock of ev
ery kind out, would turn under these
weeds, before the seed begins to form.
This process would encourage a more
vigorous growth on the land, which should
be treated in the same manner, and if he
would but assist the benevolent designs cf
nature, and sow down a winter vegetable
crop, the poorest soils would be restored
to a state of fertility. Let the farmer who
is afraid of a little trouble, compare the
labor and expense of a few ploughings,
with all the heavy and laborious opera
tions necessary in clearing new lands, and
placing it in good order to receive seed ;
and he will find it less laborious to improve
twenty acres of his worn out home fields,
than to clear two. This calculation is
within the reach of any one.
The ashes of all vegetables is r.n ex
ceedingly useful manure, particularly to
low wet and stiff soils. The vegetable
alkali contained in them, gives solubility
to all vegetable substances, and from its
strong attraction for water, may tend to
give some degree of moisture to the soil,
or to other manures ; on this latter account
it is of great service, properly mixed in a
composted heap.
There are many other vegetable sub
stances which may, with success, be used
in restoring worn out tillage land, but as
most, if not all of them, may with far
crrcalcr effects he transferred to the com
post heap, your committee will proceed
to the consideration of the third division,
or compound manures.
To he concluded in our next.
Desultory.
DR. F.ftANKLIX.
rnoM THE rnr.ErA5 S JOURyAI.
The following is the copy of an original letter
from the venerable Franklin, to a minister of a
church in the south part of Nev-J ersey, which
has been recently discovered there among some
old family papers. It is a composition perfectly
in the manner and spirit of that great and wor
thy man.
" ruiLiDELriiiA, jcse 6, 1753.
41 Dear Sir I received your kind
letter of the 2d inst. and am glad to
hear that you increase in strength I
hope you will continue mending until
)cu recover your former health and
firmness. .Let me know whether you
still use the cold bath and what effect
it has. As to the kindness you men
tion, I wish it could have been of more
serious service to you ; but if it had,
the only thanks I should desire, are,
that you would always be ready to
serve any other person that may need
your assistance ; and so let good offices
go round ; for mankind are all of a
family. For my own part, when I am
employed in serving others, I do not
look upon myself as conferring favours,
but as paying debts. In my travels
and since my settlement, I have receiv
ed much kindness from men, to whom
I shall never have an opportunity of
making the least direct return ; and
numberless mercies from God, who is
infinitely above being benefited by our
services. These kindnesses from men,
I can, therefore, only return to their
fellow men ; and I can only show my
gratitude to God by a readiness to help
his other children, raid my brethren,"
for I do not think that thanks and com
pliments, though repeated weekly, can
discharge our real obligations to each
other, and much less, to our Creator.
" You wTill see, in this, my notion of
good works, that I am far from expect
ing to merit heaven by them. By
heaven, we understand a state of hap
piness, infinite in degree and eternal
in duration. I can do nothing to de
serve such a reward. He that, for
giving a draught of water to a thirsty
person, should expect to be paid with
a good plantation, would be modest in
his demands compared with those who
think they deserve heaven for the little
good they do on earth. Even the mix
ed imperfect pleasures we enjoy in this
world, are rather from God'5 goodness
than our merit ; how much mere so
the happiness of heaven ? for my part,
I have not the vanity to think that I
deserve it, the folly to expect it, or the
ambition to desire it, but content my
self in submitting t; the disposal of
that God who made me, who has hith
erto preserved and blessed me, and in
whose fatherlv goodness I mav well
conf.de, that he will never make me
miserable, and that the affliction I mav
at any time suffer, may tend to my ben
efit. 4fc The faith you mention lias, doubt
less, its use in the world. I do not
desire to see it diminished, nor could
I desire to see it lessened in any m;:n ;
uut x wish it were more productive or
good works than I have generally seen
it. I mean real good works, works of
kindness, charity, mercy and public
spirit ; not holy-day keeping, sermon
hearing, reading; performing church
ceremonies, or making long prayers,
filled with flatteries and compliments,
despised even by wise men, and much
less capable of pleasing the Deity.
u The worship of God is a duty
the hearing and reading may be useful ;
but if men rest in hearing and praying-,
as too many do, it is as if the tres
should value itself on being watered
and putting forth leaves, though it never
produced any fruit.
44 Your good master thought much
less of these outward appearances than
many of his modern disciples, lie
preferred the doers of the word, to
the hearers ; the son that seemingly re
fused to obey his father and yet per
formed his commands, to him that r. -fessed
his readiness but neglected -work
; the heretical but charitable -
maritan, to the uncharitable but or: -dox
priest and sanctified Levite ; . J
those who gave food to the hun,
drink to the thirsty and raiment to ir.
naked, entertainment to the strange r,
and never heard cf his name, he de
clares shall, in the last day, be accep:
ed ; when those who cry, .Lord, Lora,
who value themselves on their faith,
though great enough to perform mira
cles, but have neglected good works,
shall be rejected. He professed that
he came not to call the righteous, but
sinners to repentance, which implied
his modest opinion that there were
some in his time so good that they need
not hear even him for improvement ;
but now-a-days we have scarcely a lit
tle parson that does not think it the
duty of every man within his reach to
sit under his petty administration, and
that whoever omits this offends God
I .wish to such more humility, and to
tyou. health and firmness. Being your
triend and servant,
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.5
Meteoric Iron from Bajp7is Bay,
The ouicers in the expedition under
captain Ross, lately returned from
Baffin's bay, expressed their great as
tonishment in having found the native
Esquimaux in possession of instru
ments made of iron, which led them to
imagine either that they must at some
period have had traffic with other na
tions, which seemed almost impossible,
or that iron must be produced there.
A diligent search, however, satisfied
them on the point, for an immense mass
of iron was discovered on the surface
of the earth, a lump of which they
brought with them to England, which
has since been analyzed by some sci
entific gentlemen at the royal institu
tion, and found to be composed of 3 per
cent, nickel, the rest iron.
From the circumstance of nickel
never having been found in iron, but in
one instance, viz : a lump brought by
professor Pallas from Russia, which
the royal academies of London and
Paris pronounced to be meteoric, and
fallen from the clouds, there remains
no doubt of that brought from Baffin's
bay being of a similar kind. This ex
traordinary fact, perhaps the most im
portant result of the expedition, may
not only teach us ultimately how to ex
plain the phenomena of the northern
lights, from which it is possible meteo
ric iron may be produced to an extent
hitherto unimagined,but alsoto account
for the remarkable variations of the
compass in these latitudes, if not to
unravel the entire mystery of magne
tism and the needle.
The red snow seen by captain Ross
is said to be occasioned by the excre
ments cf the mvriarLs of birds which
'A 1