not the rivers, as of old, take part in
the conflict, and nature vindicate the
renown and the glory of Greece ?
But these are fairy illusions, dear
to the fancy, but disappearing from
the sober gaze of truth. Common
motives impel, and common results
will determine the warlike march of
lUissia. 4 To conquer Turkey and di
vide the spoil,' was the open proposal
of Catharine to Joseph of Austria ;
und then, as now, the feint was 4 to re
vive the Greek republics.' When Cath
arine procured a Greek memorial from
the inhabitants of the Archipelago to
take the throne of Greece, it was on- j
'to render her ambition palatable,
s excuse, scccwse. I lausible pre-
iexts availed tne imssiap court m ujc aI aml religious light : waiting to be gra
conquest and division of Poland. It cious : that wc may plant, that wc may
is the same nation with the same am-
bition, with greater resources, without
Poland to restrain her, that now in
vades Turkey. It is remarkable, the
coincidence between the origin of the
war in 1806 and that now waged in
Turkey. Then the Hospodars of Wal
Jachia and Moldavia, one of whom was
Ypsilanti, being displaced as mutinous,
the Russians made war against the
Porte, from which the French divert
ed them. In these provinces, and
generally through the Morea, Russian
intrigue preserves and circulates the
spirit of discontent, and causes it to
explode whenever it pleases so that
now again in Wallachia and Moldavia,
and again in the name of the injured
Ypsilanti, (one of the Greek Cadets,)
the tocsin is sounded ; and, while the
banner glories in the inscription, Gre
cian Liberty,' the Czar aims at the
sceptre of European Turkey.
Charleston Courier
mra
eintRxn
Original.
for tiie wxsterx carolinian.
Messrs. Bingham 8c White :
Enclosed you will receive an address, with
which some additions are incorporated, read to
the board of Trustees of the Western College,
in Llncolnton, on the 29th ult. which the writer
requests you to publish in your paper. As the
site of the college is now fixed, the publication
may appear unreasonable and unnecessary. The
expectations of the public, as to that matter, are
now at rest. Should the building be commen
ced, there is no doubt but they will be erected
as soon, and on as good, and perhaps on better
terms, than they could have been on anv other site
in the list of competition. The present, all things
taken into consideration, is on an equality in point
f health and centrality with any other that was
named. The inhabitants of the tillage and coun
ty ct Lincoln arc certainly under twofold obliga-tic-u
to the trustees for their decision ; which, it
Is hoped, they will both see and feel, and evince
it by their present and future conduct. The
trustees from the adjacent counties, who cast
their suffrages into the scale, will certainly con
sider themselves bound by double obligation al
so to augment the funds of the college. It is
expc cted, also, that the trustees lately added to
the board (fourteen in all) will duly appreciate
the respect that has been conferred on them,
ar.d testify by their individual exertions, to aug
ment tut- funds, previously to the annual meet
ing on the 2d M cdnesday of February next, that
their appointment was judicious. That the
matter may not sleep in the minds of the com
munity, that fresh and increasing vigour may be
added to the undertaking, is the principal reason
why it is wished that the manuscript now in my
possesion should find its way into the Western
Carolinian. Other reasons intertwined with the
vitals or the intended institution, connected with
its principal object, which time may yet dissolve,
prudence and duty admonish me to withhold.
ILi perl went car. only be made of one site ; let
all acquiesce in the present ; and let our combin
ed efforts to advance the prosperity of the West
ern College prove to the world, and to posterity,
that e have made the wisest and best choice.
Gentlemen- : Once more, and it may
be for the -lust time, a sense of duty, ra
ther than personal inclination, induces me
now to addrevs you in that very important
capacity in which you arc assembled. Not
calculating so much on the advantages rc
rulting from what may be now said, but
lather as a mutter of form, to introduce
you with regularity and zeal to deliberate
on' the great objects for which you are
convened. A whole year has elapsed
since you met for the purposes which have
e:alled you again to this place. Your past
meetings were tempered with a becoming
ardor and unanimity ; and the number
now present exhibits a pleasing and en
couraging proof that your zeal is not aba
ted ; that you are determined to carry in
to execution the important trust reposed
in you ; and to fulfil as far as in your pow
er, the expectations of your friends, and
of vour beloved country.
There is a number of considerations
which now invite to perseverance, in the
cause in which ou have engaged. Peace
at home, and peace abroad with all na
tions no commercial restrictions: ourna-
tiona! policy unimpaired, and the minds of
the nation satisfied our country incrcas
ng m population, industry, and wealth
. W Aft '
agricultural pursuits so far practised as to
devclopc our national resources a spirit
of emigration greatly subsiding frugali
ty, economy, and simplicity of manners,
becoming a republican government, ris
ing into reputation general health, and
fruitful seasons a universal inclination,
in the minds of the people at large, where
a careful and fair experiment has been
made, to favour the intended institution
and, above all, the beamings of the divine
approbation on all those efforts that are
making throughout the world to promote
the present and future happiness of man
kind. The God of heaven seems now
to solicit the means on our part, whereby
he may, consistently with the dignity of;
l-ilc ?i rrr a nnl t Vi a oilmlnictMtlnti r f lite !
j govcrnmcnti pour out upcn the warid, inland companion of my youth, a Davidson
. a plenteous effusion, the blessings of mor- j fell. From the centre, extend your
water, that he may Kive the increase.
With these encouraging circumstances j
spread before us, you wili now approach
the duties of your appointment ; and with
a view to facilitate the business, I shall
now take the liberty to mention some par
ticulars which ought, perhaps, to enter
into your deliberations, and constitute
some of the transactions of the present
meeting.
The board of trustees, as designated in
the charter, will probably be found , in
point of number, to be somewhat cumin
ished. If so, shall the vacancy or vacan
cies be supplied, previously to your pro
cecdingto business, or at some other time
during the present sitting ?
Should it be judged expedient, at pres
ent, to complete the number of trustees
to twenty-five, shall a committee be ap
pointed, without public nomination, to re
tire, deliberate, and bring in the names of
those that they may recommend to that
ofiice ?
Shall an addition be made, in part, or
altogether, up to the limits of the charter,
to the board of trustees at the present
meeting :
May it be a matter worthy of considera
tion, what number of the clergy, and what
number of the laity, should compose the
board of trustees ? Of those incorpora
ted in your charter, there arc nine of the
former, and sixteen of the latter. The
board of trustees of the college of New-
Jersey was, at its first establishment, and
now continues to be, composed of twenty
one ; eleven of the clergy and ten of the
laity ; which proportion has ever been in
variably kept up. The chief magistrate
of the province, and now of the republic,
president of the board, exofficio.
What proportion of the existing num
ber of trustees may be considered as com
petent to make an addition to the board ?
Ought it to have the sanction or appro
bation of two thirds of the members ; or
may it be safely, and prudently done by
the voice of a bare majority Shall this
be done by open expression or by ballot ?
What aid may we reasonably expect
from the north and the west in our own
state, and also from that cf South-Carolina
?
Mow far, and where have subscription
papers been extended ? What is their
amount at present, whether conditional or
unconditional ; and what are the prospects
in this, and in the neighboring counties,
where exertions have been already made ?
These particulars naturally lead to anoth
er item of great magnitude.
What measures should be taken to in
crease our funds ?
Shall the site of the Western College
be now fixed ? If so, be not precipitate ;
take your time ; it will require deep and
extensive consideration private conver
sation as well as public discussion. This
enters into the vitals of the business. It
is not for yourselves, ncv altogether for
y our immediate posterity you act ; but for
distant generations, long after " the pla
ces that now know us, will know us no
more." It is not extravagant to hope,
that the edifice which you are about to e
rcct will, in its duration, be coeval with the
lapse of time. From this institution lights
may arise, which may give liberty to thou
sands, and happiness to millions beyond
the grave. Reports of the various sites,
which your committee of inspection has
examined, will be laid before you for con
sideration ; and perhaps it would be ad
visable to appoint a committee from your
number to compile and to bring in a cat
alogue of the most prominent and leading
advantages, of which a suitable site should
partake ; that, on comparison, preference
may be given to the most deserving.
Every friend of man, in the western
section of this state, should consider him
self a trustee of the intended college,
while in its infancy, and should contribute
liis part to nurture it in the cradle. And
I now take the liberty of inviting all the
gentlemen in this assembly to participate
with us, in a free and open investigation
of those points, that relate to the business
of our meeting ; believing that neither
wisdom, nor prudence, nor duty, are ex
clusively confined to the board of trustees.
Past errors and mistakes (if any) should
be rectified ; and wise counsel will be
thankfully received from any source.
As freemen ar.d patriots, as lover of
our common country, we arc invited to
exertion. The price paid cn the altar of
pattiotism, the blood and toils of our an
cestor?, to procure our freedom, present
themselves new to our imagination, and
loudly demand that we use the means to
perpetuate our sacred trust. Listen to
the martial thunder that once rolled from
yonder mount ; call to your recollection
the battle of Rainsour's, within little more
than a stone's cast of this place ; from the
summit of that hill descended the blood
of your fathers ; and there, on that mem
orable spot, repose their sleeping ashes,
who, forty years ago, died on the bed of
honour. And if this be not enough, go
to King's mountain, where Ferguson was
defeated ; there listen to the confused
noise of war, and behold the u garments
rolled in blood." And if more be yet
needed, step over Catawba, to its eastern
lonl .it- rmi"in'c f r rrl ,vlit'- YYl ir fYlTirl.
thoughts to the circumference of the
American revolution. Think of its dur
ation, six long years of toil and suffering ;
add to this, the blood and treasure that
were expended ; and why take up your
time, and why employ another breath, to
present excitements to engage you all to
use the means to perpetuate at home, and
to diffuse abroad, the enjoyment of that
libertv, wherewith the Cod of nations
hath made vou free. Virtue cannot exist
without morality and religion ; and with
out virtue, republicanism cannot be per
petuated. to re continued. J
INTELLIGENCE.
He conies, the herald of a noisy world,
News from all nations lumh'ring at his back.
The Avmy.
ADDRESS.
head quarters, 7 Aloiiticlier,
DIVISION OF TIIE SOUTH, j Afatjol.
This day, Officers and Soldiers, closes
my military functions) and consequently
dissolves the military connexion which
lias hitherto existed between you and mv
self, as the Commander of the Southern
Division of the army of the Uuitcd States.
Many of us have passed together days of
toil and nights of vigilance. Together
we have seen the termination of one Bri
tish, and of two Indian wars, in which wc
have encountered fatigues, privations and
dangers. Attachments and friendships,
formed by associations of this kind, arc
the most durable, and my feelings will
not permit me in retiring from my Mili
tary command, to take a silent leave of
my companions in arms.
Justice to you, and to my own feelings,
requires that I should place before our
common country, the testimony of my
approbation of your military conduct, and
the expression cf my individual regard.
Under the present organization for the
reduction of the army, agreeably to the
act of congress, many valuable officers
who have served with me, have been sud
denly deprived of the profession which
they had embraced, and thrown upon the
world ! But let this he your consolation,
that the gratitude of your country still
cherishes you, as her defenders and deliv
erers, while wisdom condemns the hasty
and ill-timed policy which has occasioned
your disbandonment, and that too while
security was yet to be given to our exten
sive frontier by the erection of the ne
cessary fortifications for its defence, great
ly extended as that frontier has been, by
the recent acquisition of the Flondas I
But you, fellow soldiers, have that which
cannot be taken from yon, the conscious
ness of having done your duty, and with
your brother officers who arc retained, of
having defended the American Eagle
wherever it was endangered.
To you my brother officers, who are re
tained in the service of your country, per
mit me to recommend the cultivation of
that harmony end friendship towards each
other, which will render you a band of
brothers. It is your duty so to conduct
yourseftcs on all occasions, as that your
enemies shall have no just cause for cen
sure. It ought to be borne in mind that
every Captain should be to his company
as a father, and should treat it as his fami
ly as his children. Continue then, as
heretofore, when under my command, to
watch overit with a father's tenderness and
care ; treat them like children, admonish
them, and if unhappily admonition will
not have the desired effect, coercion must.
The want of discipline and order, will in
evitably produce a spirit of insubordina
tion, as destructive to an army as coward
ice, and will as certainly lead to disaster
and disgrace in the hour of battle ; this,
as you regard your military reputation,
and your country's good, you must pre
vent. Imploring from Heaven a blessing
upon you all, I bid you an afTectionate
adieu. (Signed)
AXDKKW JACKSOX,
.1 fi ij'j r- G cnern I Com man ding
thr. Dii iaicn of the South.
Note My official duties having pre
vented the promulgation of this order un-;
til this time, an opportunity has been af
forded, of seeing the General Order, " da
ted Head Quarters of the army of the U
r.itcd States, Washington City, June 1st,
1821," signed Jacob Brown." Justice
to the officers of the Southern Division,
as well as to myself, compels me to offer
some remarks upon the following extract
from that order.
" The prevalence of desertion has been
an evil of serious magnitude, and it does
not appear to be justified by a view of the
past condition of the military establish
ment. All research in this field for its
causes, has been unsatisfactory ; the cha
racter of the militav profession is honora
blc, the soldier is as well provided with
rnmforts a the citizen in common life,
and his occupation is neither more offen
sive nor more laborious ; there are rest
less, discontented spirits in every sphere
of life, which no indulgence nor kindness
can bind to stability ; but these examples
do not exist in sufhcient number to justi
fy the range desertion has taken in the ar
my : the evil must be referred in a degree
to an undue severity, or to the absence of
system in the conduct of officers towards
their men. The officer is the depository
of the rights of the soldier, and the obli
gation of his office, as well as the laws of
honor and humanity, claim a faithful exe
cution of the trust. When the soldier
ceases to regard the officer as his protec
tor, the authority with which the law in
vests the latter loses its efficacy in his esti
mation : the surest remedy for the evil of
desertion is contained in a rigid and stea
dy discipline ; to be salutarv it must pos
sess both these qualities ; but no violation
of law can be deemed essential to its en
forcement Its effect upon the soldier be
comes impaired, the moment he feels that
this system which governs him is fluctua
ting in its course, or that it violates the
principles upon which it is founded. The
certainty of laws constitute their princi
pal efiicacyr, and however severe restric
tions may be, they are obeyed, so long as
they are dispensed by the hand of justice
and not oppression."
This censure is too general to be just.
The time at which it is made, and the
source whence it comes, have astonished
every generous soldier.
The part which attributes in a degrre to
an undue severity, or to the absence of
system in the conduct of officers towards
their men, the unexampled prevalence of
desertion in our army, so far as relates to
the Division of the South, I do unhesita
tingly say is not founded in fact. It is due
to candor, and to truth, to attribute this e
vil to its real cause ; this will be found to
exist in the want of adequate punishment
for the crime of desertion ; that prescrib
ed by law, in a stale of peace, transcends
the offence, and no other certain punish
ment is authorised. While this is the
case, desertion will increase, let the con
duct of the officers towards their men be
ever so lenient. It is a well known fact,
that more desertions have taken place at
recruiting rendezvous than have occurred
in the Regiments, and at no recruiting
rendezvous in the Division of the South,
has there been, as far as I am informed,
any punishment inflicted upon soldiers,
except by the civil authority. It is well
known that in many instances the soldier
has found it a source of speculation to go
from rendezvous to rendezvous, receiving
the bounty, and deserting ; in some instan
ces this has been practised from Boston
to New-Orleans. The punishment at
present inflicted for desertion, is hard Ia5
bor with the ball and chain ; but this bears
more heavily upon the faithful soldier,
who is compelled to guard the convict un
der a hot sun with all his accoutrements
on, than it does upon him whom it is in-! feet of the bridge across the Southern
tended to punish. Every deserter there- Branch.
fore, but adds to the duties and increases j The destruction of these bridges, inde
the fatigues of the faithful and trusty sol-; pendent of the heaw loss it nrrl, iv,
dier. And suppose the convict will not la-
bor, by what means is he to be coerced ? :
atripes ana lasnes are promoted there ,
are no dungeons ; guard-houses are pleas
ant places for the lazy worthless soldier
who leeps and snores, while the faithful
centincl is at his post guarding him on his
nightly watch. Is not this, with the gen
eral pardons so frequently extended bv the
orders of the President, calculated to
cause the best soldiers who are oppressed
with double dutv in guarding the worst, to
meditate desertion also ? The govern
ment must annex an adequate and certain
punishment for the crime of desertion,
and experience compels me to say it, al
though at variance with the more refined
and sensitive feelings of the day must
restore corporal punishment in the regu
lations for the government of the army,
as it formerly existed, and as it now exists
in the Navy or desertion and insubordi
nation will still increase. It is said to be
dishonorable ; why should it be more so in
the Army than m the Navy, ? Is it more
dishonorable to receive twenty-five snipes
and be ordered to immediate duty, than to
be manacled with chains, for months and
years, an object of disgust to every free
man who sees him, more properly an ap
pendage of ancient despotism, than any
thing belonging to Republican institu
tions ? Let the desertpr in timp nf voirn
for the first offence receive thirtv-nine
stripes, for the second double that num
ber, and for the third offence let him feel
the highest penalty cf the law. I vull
venture to say that a few examples will
put an end to that extraordinary freenen-
cy cf desertion which at present prevails,
and the cause of which has been so uniut-
ly imputed " to an undue severity or to
the absence of system in the conduct of
officers towards their men."
I sincerely regret the cause which has
given rise to these remarks, but the rep
utation of those officers in common with
whom I have encountered so manv toils
and dangers, is dear to me ; and I cannot
remain silent when I perceive an unjust
attempt to tarnish their well-earned fame,
let the motives which dictated the objec
tionable passage be what they may
These remarks, my brother officers, flow
from apure source of justice to you. Pop
ularity I have never sought. I have pur
sued the course which I deem right, and
have done justice to all according to my
best judgment. This I trust I have ren
dered to you all during the time I had the
honor to command you ! That happiness
may attend you ailj and that your country
may duly appreciate your worth as her
citizen soldiers, shall be my last and most
sincere prayer.
Signed, ANDREW JACKSON.
July 21, 1821.
DESTRUCTIVE STORM AT NORFOLK.
Norfolk, sept. 4. Amongst the rest
of our misfortunes, we are grieved to
state, that our town was yesterday visited
by a storm, or rather tornado, far surpass
ing in violence and calamitous consequen
ces, any that it has ever experienced with
in the remembrance of the oldest inhabi
tants. The best description we are pre
pared to give of it at this moment) can
convey but an imperfect conception of its
terrors.
The morning was dark and gloomy,
and about 6 o'clock the black and lower
ing clouds began to discharge their wate
ry contents, not in gentle showers, but lit
erally in torrents. At ten o'clock the rain
abated for a few minutes, as if to collect
itself for a more copious discharge ; for it
presently set in again with increased vio
lence, and the wind commenced blowing
a gale from the N. E. which continued to
increase to a most alarming height. -From
half past 1 1 till half past 12 so great
was the fury of the elements, that they
seemed to threaten a general demolition
of every thing v.ithin their reach. Dur
ing that period the scene wras truly awful.
The deafening roar of the storm, with the
mingled crashing of windows and falling
chimneysthe rapid rise of the tide,
threatening to inundate the town the
continuous cataracts ot rain sweeninj? lm-
petuously along, darkening the expanse
of vision, and apparently confounding the
' heavens, earth, and sea,' in a general
chaos ; together with now and then a
glimpse, caught through the gloom, of
shipping forced from their moorings, and
driving with rapidity, as the mirrd might
well conjecture in such circumstances, to
inevitable destruction. Even to those, if
any there were, who could contemplate
such a scene unappalled, it must have
been painful to reflect on the wide spread
devastation which could not but be the re
sult of this fearful " war of elements."
About 12 o'clock the wind shifted round
to N. W. but without abating its fury un
til half an hour after, when it ceased rain
ing ; the storm began to subside, and the
water to recede. At 4 o'clock it changed
to S. W. and the weather became calm
and serene.
The most important of the casualties
resulting from this awful visitation is the
complete annihilation of the Drawbridge
over the Eastern Branch, from the toll
house to the draw, a distance, we should
judge, of about 250 yards; and about 100-
the Company who owns them, is a sore
misfortune to our town, as it completely
cuts off, for the Dresent at least, the land
communication, and must measurably di
minish the intercourse with that part of
the country whence our market draws its
chief supplies.
As might have been expected on an oc
casion like this, where the suddenness of
the danger gave no lime for preparations
to meet it, the shipping have suffered se
verely. HURRICANE AT NEW-YORK.
new-york, sept. 4. From Saturday
morning till 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon,
wc were visited with repeated 'and copious
showers of rain, accompanied by some
loud peals of thunder and lightning, and
an extreme dense atmosphere ; the wind
during the time veered and shifted to al
most every point of the compass, when a
bout half past 3 o'clock yesterday after
noon it came out from about East, with all
the violence and fury of a huriicane, and
continued until about half past 8 o'clock
yesterday evening, throwing down chim
neys, unroofing buildings, and prostrating
trees in various directions. When the
gale was at its height it presented a most
awful spectacje. The falling of slate
from the roofs of the buildings, and bio
ken glass from the windows, made it un
safe for any one to venture into the streets.
Should the storm have extended with e
qual fury any distance along our sea board,
we fear for the destruction of lives and
property it must have occasioned. The
tide, although low water when the -gale
commenced, rose to an unusual height,
overflow ing all the wharves and filling the
cellars of the stores on the margin of the
Kast and North rivers. Great quantities
of lumber, and other property on the
wharves, have either been Coated off or
been damaged. The following are all the
particulars we have been able to collect of