The MrsF. ! uhutcVrthe Muse inspires,
Mv so il the tuneful strain admires.... ott.
V -
7
rno:i jilackwocd s maazim:.
BY-1' A ST TIM J",
the sky Is blue, the sward 1.7 green,
The leaf upon the bough is seen,
The wind conies from the balmy west,
The little songster builds its nest,
The bee hums on from flower to flower,
Till twilight's dim and pensive hour;
The joyous year arrives; but when
Shall by-past time come back again ?
I think on childhood's glowing-years
How soft, how bright the scene appears,
I low culm, how cloudless passed away
The long, long summer holiday !
1 may not muse, I must not dream,
Too beautiful these visions seem
For earth and mortal man, but when
Shall by-past times come back aguln?
I think cf sunny eves so soft,
Too deeply felt, enjoy'd too oft,
Vhen through the blooming fields I roved,
With her, the earliest, dearest loved;
Around whose form I yet survey
In thought a bright, celestial ray,
To present scenes denied; but when
Shall by-past times come back again ?
Alas! the world, at distance seen,
Appeared all blissful and serene;
An Eden, formed to tempt the foot
With crystal streams anil golden fruits;
That world, when tried and trod, is found
A rocky waste, a thorny ground!
We then revert to youth ; but when
Shall by past times come back again
Variety's the very spice of life,
That gives it all its flavor.
HISTORICAL.
Tin: cnus.inES
Extracts from the History of the Crusades, for
the recover-, and possession of the Holy L.aud.
By Churks'jllilis, London, 1J0.
Vowi the JXHsxioimry .
After the destruction of the second
temple, piganism became the religion
of Jerusalem : but in the fourth cen
tury the banner of the cross triumph
ed over polytheism. Then the star of
Ishtmism rose in the ascendant ; and
for three ages the holy city was sub
ject to the Arabian and Egyptian ca
liphs : from these it was wrested by
the Seljuk Turks ; but, after various
vicissitudes, Palestine agin reverted
to the Egyptians, A D. 1094. Jeru
salem, whether in a state of glory or
abasement, was esteemed sacred bv the
Christians. A religious curiosity
prompted people to visit those places
which the scriptures have sanctified,
till it was imagined that there was some
peculiar holiness in the very ground indignation of the people through
of Salem ; and consequently the habit 'whose territories they marched; and,
of visiting Palestine became strength- after the most dreadful deeds and san
encd. Restless guilt hoped that nar guinary excesses, thev were ultimately
don might be procured by the pains of
pilgrimage, and the sacrifice of prayer,
in a land which seemed pre-eminently
favoured by the Deity. During the
fourth century. Christendom was dup
ed into the belief, that the very cross
upon which the Saviour suffered had
been discovered ; that a living virtue
pervaded its substance, of power to
heal all diseases, bodily as well as men
tal, and that it had the marvellous prop
erty of never diminishing, whatever
portion was spared as reiicks to the
faithful pilgrim. The purchase of
these sacred reiicks was another in
ducement to the pious believer to make
pilgrimages to the holy city. The
ecclesiastics took every possible ad-
vintage of this credulity : from Italy.
Germany, Normandy, and the impe-
lial court of Charlemagne, throngs of
pilgrims, laden w.tn ncn presents, were-
seen bending their course to the rioly
JLar.d, through difficulty and danger ;
nor could the insults they received from
the Moslem and the Turk, when those
powers obtained possession of that spot
of their devotion, awe them to an aban -
donment of what they might consider
rm imperious duty. Long time with
a jj'iicnt endurance th-y bore, as ' they
were compelled to b-ar, under the Fa
timite caliphs, contumely, capricious
tvrannv. blows, spoliation and death.
At the close of the tenth century, this
p-iression had mounted to such a
height, that pipe Silvester entreated
the church universal to succour the
church of .leiusalem. Pisa was the
i)"iv city ti
hat obeyed the call, and her
fV'jrif vtrc: mere predatory incursions
I.i il.e next ccu-
ury, about 1073, Manuel VII. sup
plicated the aid cf pope Gregory VII
against the powers of islamism. Tel
lers were accordingly sent from Home
to the states and princes of the West,
.cqminting them with the melancholy
fact, that the Pagans were overcoming
the Christians, and exhorting them to
j ise in defence of the unhappy flock.
Fiftv thousand men prepared them-
l selves, in consequence, to march into
the East ; but it was preparation only :
for it was not till Peter the Hermit, re
cent from a pilgrimage, in which h;
had been an eye witness of the mist -ries
of the Christians, began to preach,
the Crusade, and interested by his rude
el quence both temporal and spiritual
principalities, that the enthusiasm ot
mankind as fully kit, died in their be
half. In the council of Clermont, the
voice of the supreme pontiff went forth
amid a mighty multitude, who listened
to the animated harangue of their pas
tor as to an oracle from heaven. Then
burst from the lips of thousands the
shout of tfc us vult ' which became
the celebrated war crv of the crusaders.
Then, as with the breath of an earth
quake, the moral fabric of Europe was
convulsed ; the relationships of life
were broken ; and the bonds of society
dissolved. Persons of cverv rank,
age, and condition, assumed the cross.
iMonks, throwing aside the cowl, issu
ed from the cloister ; the warriour from
his feudal castle, with his armed vas
sals ; the scholar from his college ; and
not unfrequently the mother with her
infant, disdaining the edict which for
bade women from the journry, cast
awav all scrupulous delicacy, and fear
lessly marched in the van of the mili
tary armament. Murderers, robbers,
and pirates, quitted their iniquitous
pursuits, and vowed to wash away their
sins in the blood of the infidel : whole
nations, indeed, rather than armies,
thought they had received the Divine
commission to unsheath the sword of
the Almighty, and to redeem the sep
ulchre of Christ, under the guidance
of the destroying angel of Sennacherib,
who, it was confidently believed, went
before them, "and breathed in the face
of the foe as they passed."
It was in the year 109G, that the
first body of European rabble, styling
themselves Champions of the Cross
swept along from France to Hungary.
They amounted to 20,000 foot, a don
Iv eight horse ; and were led by Walter
of Burgundy, surnamed die Pennvless.
Ardent and impetuous, they calculated
not the difficulties of the way. Ex
cept a few refugees, they perished mis
erably in conflicts in Bulgaria. Wal
ter, with the scanty relics of his force,
escaped through the woods, found his
way to Constantinople, and was prom
ised protection by the emperor Alexius
till the arrival of Peter. The second
undisciplined division, accompanied by
the Hermit himself, pursued the same
route. Their atrocities aroused the
exterminated bv the Sultan of Nice,
in liithynia, with the exception of three
or four thousand. A lofty hill was
made of their bones, which remained
for many rears a warning monument
to invading crusaders. The third di
vision, consisting of 15,000 fiery en
thusiasts, from Lorraine, the east of
France, and Bavaria, were collected by
Godeschal, a German ; and pursued
the usual route through Hungary.
Horrible were the outrages they com
mitted ; but the king, dreading the fu
ry of desperation to which hostility
might further impel them, by stratagem
accomplished their ruin With alter
nate threats and friendly professions,
he induced them to surrender their
arms ; where thev expected pardon,
; they found retaliation ; the Hungarians
rushed upon the naked and unarmed
! multitude, and a few only of Godes
coal s
s people escaped, to spread over
the north the tale of woe. Th- fourth
and last of these hordes of desperate
savages issued from England, Prance,
j Flanders, and Lorraine. 'I
! peration and resentment t
heir des-
peration
threatened
the ruin of the whole Hungarian state
out some strancre name, in tne moment
f 01
wnen success seemed ready to favor
their arms, scattered them in precipi
tate flight : thev were pursued' by the
j 1 1 t 1 . .
Kinj- ami ins nooies ; and hut tew oi
jt.'iat immense rabble survived to join
j the forces of the feudal princes of V u-
rope.
To the h orrible barbarities of the ne
fanatics succeeded the more regular
; crusades which, though more orderly,
were not less sanguinary. The prin
on the Sviian coast.
cipal commanders were the celebrated j
Godfrey, lord ol Bouilhon ; his broth
er Baldwin ; the counts of Verman
dois, I51cis, and Flanders ; Robert,
duke of Normandy ; Bohemond, prince
of Tarcntum ; Tancred ; and Ray
mond, count of Toulouse. Godfrey
united the gentlest manners with the
firmest spirit, the amiableness of vir
tue w ith commanding gravity ; alike
distinguished for political courage and
for personal bravery, his mind was ca
pable of the grandest enterprizes : his
deportment was moral, and his piety
fervent : Baldwin was valorous, but
selfish, and inordinately ambitious :
Stephen of Blois, was an accomplished
and brave cavalier ; proud, but saga
cious : Robert possessed eloquence and
skill, but was destitute of prudence,
ungenerous, and voluptuous ; a more
crafty and turbulent spirit distinguish
ed the prince of Tarentum ; avarice,
the vice of age, was the master passion
of the prudent and aged Raymond ;
but our fancy dwells with romantic de
light on the character of Tancred.
His ambition was rendered virtue by a
generous spirit, by a love of martial
achievements, and detestation of strat
agem ; he was bold and enterprising,
averse to treachery and dissimulation.
?lodesty softened his high-minded-ness
; and he would have been courte
ous and humane to all mankind, if the
superstition of his age had not taught
him that the Saracens were the ene
mies of God, and that the Christians
were the ministers of heavenly wrath.
Alexius, the crafty Alexius, though
by bribing their avarice, by flattery, or
the most consummate art, he succeed
ed in inducing the other barons to swear
fealty to him, never could corrupt the
high-souled self-respect of Tancred m
do the deed of homage ; he singly
stood aloof, and either silently declin
ed, or disdainfully refused, to avow
himself the vassal cf this perfidious
ally. Courage in various forms; wis
dom, prudence, and skill in endless
combinations, appear in the characters
and conduct of these renowned lead
ers of the crusade. The siege and
capture of Nice, made nugatory by
the treachery of the Greek emperor,
who, as the head of the league, claim
ed and obt ined the city, was their first
great exploit. The battle and victory
of Dorylcenm followed.
to bi: continued.
igSSa-
QUAKCHS.
FROM A LONDON MAOAZIXE.
I love Quaker ways and Quaker
worship. I venerate the Quaker prin
ciples. It does me good for the rest
of the day, when I meet any of their
people in my path. When I am ruf
fled or disturbed by any occurrence,
the sight, or quiet voice of a Quaker,
acts upon me as a ventilator, lighten
ing the air, and taking ofT a load from
the bosom. But I cannot like the
Quakers, (as Dedemona would say,)
" to live with them." I am all over
sophisticated w ith humours, fancies,
craving hourly sympathy. I must
have books, pirtures, theatres, chit
chat, sc andal, j' kes, ambiguities, and
a thousand whim-whams, which their
simpler taste can do without. I
should starve at their primitive banquet.
My appetites are too high for the sal
ads which (according to Evelyn) Eve
dressed for the angel, my gusto too
excited
To sit a g-ucst with Daniel at his pulse.
The indirect answers which Qua
kers are often found (o return to a
question put to them m;a be explain
ed, I think, without the vulgar assump
tion that they are more given to eva
sion and equivocating than other peo
ple. They naturally look to their
words more carefully, and arc more
cautious of committing themselves.
They have a peculiar character to keep
up on this head. They stand in a
manner upon their veracity. A Qua
ker is by law exempted from taking an
oath. The custom of resorting to an
oath in extreme cases, sanctified as it
is by all religious antiquity, is apt (it
must be confessed) to introduce into
the 1 ixer sort of minds the notion of
two kinds of truth the one applica
ble to the solemn affairs of justice, and
the other to the common proceedings
of daily intercourse. As truth, bound
upon :he conscience by an oath, can be
but truth, so, in the common Mfirma
tions of the shop and the market-place.
! a latitude is expected and conceded
upon questions wanting this solemn
covenant. Something less than truth
satisfies. It is common to hear a pcr-
! son say, 44 You do not expect me to
speak as if I were upon my oath.
Hence a great deal of incorrectness
and inadvertency short cf falsehood,
creens into ordinary conversation ; sua
a kind of secondary or laic-truth, is tol
erated, where clergy-truth oath-truth,
by the nature of the circumstances, is
not required. A Quaker knows none
of this distinction. His simple affir
mation being received, upon the most
sacred occasions, without anyT further
test, stamps a value upon the words
which he is to use upon the most indif
ferent topics of life. He looks to
them, naturally, with more severity.
You can have oV him no more than his j
word, tie knows it ne is caucnt trip-
ping in a casual expression, he forfeits,
for himself at least, his claim to the in
vidious exemption. He knows that
his syllables are weighed and how
far a consciousness of this particular
watchfulness, exerted against a pers n, ! growing out of his neck. The white
has a tendency- to produce indirect an- j was then required to eat in his pres
swers, and a diverting of the question j ence. In order thoroughly to satisfy
by honest means, might be illustrated, himself respecting his real shape, he
and the practice justified, by a more
sacred example than is proper, perhaps, j
to be more than hinted at upon this
occasion. The admirable presence ol
mind, w hich is notorious in Quakers
upon all contingencies, might be traced
to this imposed self-watchfulness if
it did not seem rather an humble and
secular scion of that old stock of reli
gious constancy, which never ben.t or
faultered in the Primitive Friends, or
gave way to the winds of persecution,
to the violence of judge or accuser,
under trial and racking examinations.
" You will never be the wiser, if I sit
here answering your questions till mid
night,'' said one of those upright Jus
tices to Penn who had been putting
law-cases with a puzzling subtlety.
"Thereafter as the answers may be,"
retorted the Quaker. The astonish
ing composure of this people is some
times ludicrously displayed in lighter
instances. I was travelling in a stage
coach with three male Quakers, but
toned up in the straightest non-conformity
of their sect. We stopped to
bait at Andover, where a meal, partly
tea apparatus, partly supper, was set
before us. ?Iy friends confined them
.selves to the tea table. i in my way
took supper. When the landlady
brought in the bill, the eldest of my
companions cuscovereu tn :t sne nau
charged for both meals. This was re
sisted. Mine hostess was very clam
orous and positive. Some mild argu
ments were used on the part of the
Quakers, for which the heated mind
of the good lady seemed by no means
a nt recipient. 1 ne guarci came in j
with his usual peremptory notice.
I he Quakers pulled o-..t their money,
and formally tendered it so much for
tea I, in humble imitation, tendering
mine for the supper which I had ta
ken. She would not relax in her de
mand So theyr all three quietly put
up their silver, as did myself, and
marched out of the room, the eldet
and gravest going first, with myself
closing up the rear, who thought I
could not do better than follow the ex
ample of such grave and warrentable
personages. We got in. The steps
went up. The coach drove off. The
murmurs of mine hostess, not verv in
distinctly or ambiguously pronounced,
became after a time inaudible and
now myT conscience, which the whim
sical scene had for a while suspended,
beginning to give some twitches, I
waited, in the hope that some justifica
tion would be offered by these serious
persons for the seeming injustice of
their conduct. To my great surprise,
not a syllable was dropped on the sub
ject. They sat as mute as at a meet
ing. At length the eldest of them
broke silence, by inquiring of his next
neighbor, il Hast thee heard how indi
gos go at the India House?" and the
question operated as a soporific on my
moral feeling as far as Exeter.
SLAVE TRADK.
A useful little work called u The
IVorldin Miniature" published in Eng
land, contains some highly interesting,
though heart-rending facts, in the vol
ume devoted to Africa, respecting the
abominable Slave Trade, which, to the
shame of the Christian World, is yet
carried on to a great extent. The fol
lowing curious facts are taken from the
volume alluded to : 41 Frempung, king
of the Akemists, and at the same time
1 11 1
an intrepid warrior, nau nearu so many
wonderful things respecting the JVhiie
SeG-ilhnstcrSi (the European Slave
(Traders,) that though he resided very
far inland, he requested the Lhmes to
send him one of their people to gr;.tify
his curiosity. Kamp a clerk, accord
ingly travelled to his court. When
first "ushered into the Royal presence, he
made a low obeisance, at the same time
moving back his fcot ; on which his
Sable Majesty conceived, that like the
wild monkies", he was couching for the
purpose of making a spring at his head.
He therefore fell flat on the ground,
under the idea that he should thus es
cape, and that the strange animal would
leap over him. At the same time he
called out to his wives for protection !
and thev immediately formed a circle
round him. His Majesty was told that
this was only the salutation of the
Whites ; but he begged that :t might
be dispensed with in future. He soon
Derail to examine ma uui v. ow.w-
what less timidity. At first he took
his clothes to be part of his body ; and
the queue of the Dane had led him to
suppose that he was a large ape, of a
species unknown to him, with a tail
desired that he might be requested to
strip off his clothes. To his utter as
tonishment he learned that Ka m p pos
itively refused to comply in the pres
ence of more than a hundred women,
but that he had no objection to show
himself undressed to the King alone.
On receiving this answer, his Majesty
previously submitted to the discussion
of his Council of State, (the elders)
whether it would be prudent to trust
himself alone with a white man. They
decided in the affirmative, and the wo
men were ordered to retire. The Dane
then stripped. Frempung cautiously
approached nearer and nearer ; he
touched his limbs with fear and aston
ishment, and at length burst out into
the exclamation : " Yes ; thou art in
deed a man, but as white as the Devil !'?
iV. 2". Coin. Adv.
TAME.
There are few speculations more an:u
sin, and at the same time, in some de
trree, mortifying, than the different no
tions of the celebrity of individuals, enter
tained in different aes and countries
Biographical records are full of local and
temporary fame, which are lost in utter
obscurity, as scon as the place or period
is changed ; an Wustrissimus on one side
of a mountain or river, is frequently no
body on the other.
; I held," said the gallant and witty Me
nage, " the beautiful hand of Madame G.
for a long time, within both of mine? and
on letting it go, the abbe P. observed, thai
it n?a$ by far the Jzncst rjork that ever cams
cut of my hands.'"
TRESENTS.
To refuse presents which our friends
arc desirous of making us, bespeaks 3
foolish and ridiculous pride ; we some
times do this through an apprehension
that we may be obliged to acknowledge
the kindness, and to make them a suita
ble return ; or perhaps we think they set
hut little value upon the favors they wish
to do us; in either case, the refusal is hut
an awkward acknowledgment of their good
intentions, and is almost a sure means to
deprive us of their friendship.
rno.'i bishop witso.v.
When I was young, I learned my
catechism as other boys do ; but I nev
er thought either of the truth of the
christian religion or of the nature of
the doctrine it contained. Afterwards
I thought freely on religious subjects,
and I iound nothing in revealed relig
ion which in any degree lessened the
natural notion I had formed respect
ing the divine goodness, but many
things to confirm and enlarge it. I
found in truth, and lamented to find in
christian churches a tendency to be
come wise above what was written, to
require certain assent to doubtful pro
positions, to explain modes of being
which cannot be explained to beings
with our faculties, and to mould the
ineffable attributes cf God according
to the model of human imperfection?.
As to the mysteries of the christian
religion, it is neither your concern nor
mine to explain them ; ior if thry are
mysteries they cannot be explained.
But our time may be properly employ
ed in inquiring whether there are so
many mysteries in Christianity as the
Ueists sayr there are. .M-.ny doctrines
have been imposed , on the cnnstian
world as doctrines of the gospel, which
have no foundation whatever in scrip
ture. Instead of defending these doc
trines, it is the duty of a real disciple
! of Jesus Christ to reprobate them as
gangrenous excrescences, corrupting
the fair form of genuine Christianity,