The English peasant will in a short
lime be annihilated; every hour of the
present state of things is confiscating his
r.nlt.l. nr rlrivlnrr him, with the remnant
of his fortunes, to cultivate other lands,.
The consequence is that every hour the
taxes continue to he shifted from the
shoulders of the many to the ftiv, and be
come more intolerable with every day's
experience.
The question of
the aristocracy i;
which side they shall take : and some are
falling into the lines of the minister; and
some are joining the people. -Wcezsity
is working this change : opinion is com
paritively powerless ; for the great mass
of society are moved by their interests,
and not by their cfrinions. The moment
that the outposts of government shall ap
peal to the people against me ouious oi
fice of a monstrous and tyrannous system
of taxation the existence of our politic
al compact will be at stake. It is the
misfortune of the people, not their faulty
that
The hours
Are silently engendering" of that d v."
In France, previous to the revolution,
there was the same difference in the laws,
the administration of them, as the pas
sions and prejudices of the ultras in Eng
land are virtually making in them here.
That which is fair discussion in London,
is sedition in that country ; and law pun
ishes in one country that which it encour
ages and .protects in another. The peo
ple see through these vagaries of power;
and learn, in their contempt of a part, to
despise the whole. Previous to the meet
ing of the present session, we had numer
ous and confident rumours of some fatal
and decisive attack on the press. Noth
ing, however, was done by law ; but the j
effect of Mr. Hone's works put the cor
ruptionists on their mettle ; and though
they were as intangible to prosecution as
a London fog, which would disappear be
fore an indictment could be drawn up
an elaborate system of counteraction,
consequent on them, was promoted ; and
there came forth a series of works flip
pant, argumentative and caricatural in
contravention of Cruikshank's and ballad
rhvmes I
The John Bull and other papers, were
sent forth from the same funds ; and lords
and commons became correspondents,
availing themselves of the hospitalities of
life, to hoard slander and calumny against
different families of the opposition ; and
spit it forth in these vehicles, which my
Lord Castlereagh (we beg pardon, the
Marquis of Londonderry) admits that he
read " from curiosity." This confession
speaks volumes: and to illustrate the
thing, the noble Marquis asks, at the end
of his speech, if the opposition " had ne
ver read Mr. Hone's works ?" We wan
ted no other confirmation that John Hull
and his coadjutors are the political pup
pets ot power. Look at the sale and
character of the advertisements of these
pap rs I They are a premium on their
infamy ; and a great portion of their pro
ceeds comes from the public purse. All
this is the beginning of anarchy ; and the
Bridge street Censorship has placed i'self
as the vanguard of a Germanizing revo
lution. It is said that even now the very name
of aristocracy is capable of exciting an in
surrection in France ; yet are the higher
orders in this country advancing precisely
to the same invidious and despotic privi
leges, which called down odium and ig
nominy on the French noblesse. This is
the effect of old associations of ideas. At
present, the French have not any aristo
cracy that is deserving of that name : and
they have mostly lost sight of liberty,
amid a scene of general competence and
tranquillity. " The political machine
among our neighbors," says a writer, " is,
at this moment, of a very simple con
struction, consisting of two unconnected
and opposite powers the people, a pro
miscuous mass, in one scale the king and
army in the other." In England, there
are three well known lowers united against
the constitutional representation of the
people in parliament, which is all the
change that England requires. The elec
tive liberties here arc mostly an addenda
to the fortunes and privileges of the arbi
trary community of rank and wealth ; and
the only powerful obstacles to the increas
ing tyranny of monied oligarchy, is the
national debt the faithful ally of the re
formers in all weathers.
Lord Liverpool has attributed the dis
tress of the country to the abundance be
stowed upon us by Providence I an argu
ment that forms an admirable addition to
the uncomprehended and incomprehensi
ble policy of ministers ; but let us sup
pose that a scarcity of food were to come
suddenly upon the people, in the present
inmost universal detection or employ
ment, trebling the present enormous poor
rates, and appalling our streets and high
ways with the cries of hunger. In such
a dilemma the poor could not be fed, and
the taxes could not be paid ; and we
should find ourselves on the threshold of
a furious revolution. Vet, according to
Lord Liverpool's thcorv, we should, in
such case, be in a ihrhing wav. He is
now exposed to the importunities of the
monied and landed interests : and he fan
cies, that, if he could but get rid of these
plagues, the people are too far removed
from hiai to become personally trouble
some. The time, however- is approach
ing, when his lordship must take cither mountains have remained independent and retired . tor a secon.
the landholder or fundholder by the hand, down to our days, as the Turks are net- mountains. Or i th is All
for one
second time to their
Pascha entered
niuuivj ui iuuiiiiwt"" -j 'i . i . . ntnhnn with fhpm. 3I1U
must-o to the wall in the end; ther inclined nor fitted to carry on a moun- again into negotiation witn tnem, an
itiuai bu iu it"- . , I nr i ,u.m orms nnd treasures lor tlieir
and, whenever the election ukcs piace, tain anurc. l ne iwima..j uau-., - mailed themselves of
: run tate will irn over leers a band nf fmm 50 to 200 vigorous assistance. They availed themselves oi
to the people youths and men, who are devoted to him the means of the perhdious old man, ana
The Fnelish poor-houses begin to bear for life and death, and fall on the enemy advanced against the 1 urks betore Joan
astrone resemblance to the ancient French for the purpose of havoc and spoil, on the nina. This is the commencement ot a
dvhots dc viemlicitc. Poverty, vice, and rods and in towns. Originally the un- war which has smce spread over the who e
crime, are all huddled together. Acorn- conquered nucleus of the nation, and en- of European Turkey, ana nas nearly
plication of fatal diseases are making in- gaged in perpetual conflicts with the sub- brought Europe to a general political ca
roads on the vitality of the country ; and juration, they often fall indiscriminately tastrophe. For Kavanosoglue, lelt to his
the legislature, prec isely as in the case of on all in the bounds of the enemy, by own means, was disturbed by the oands oi
France, under the old rtimey is attending whom they are called Klefitai, as the re- the Kapitanys, and as powerless against
onlv to freckles and pimples on the body mains of the subjugated people who pre- Joannina as Paschobey. lie soon receiv
politic. The allegiance of the lower served their independence in the moun- ed a successor in Beba I ascha, who had
classes is, we are apprehensive, little bet- tains were called Latrones by the Romans, displayed great military skill in the cam-
ter than a names there is an infection of Bands of this kind, when not subject to paigns against nussia, auu
discontent that runs through the main bo- strict discipline, certainly degenerate into great estimation. iiowcvei,
dy of the people ; and the political charac- banditti, and Greek, Albanese and Arnaut not even reach the place oi
ter and conduct of the more subordinate banditti have been organized in this man- tion, having died suddenly, it is believed
agents of power, have fomented this feel- ner ; but the majority of the Kapitanys trom poison, norsetacnmei, x
ing a thousand times more than the mere distinguish strictly between the Christian the Morea, on whom as one of the most
agents of government itself! Severity and the Mussulman, with whom they are savage barbarians, the curse or rnc vis-c
never changes the opinion of men ; it on- at war, and punish the plunder of the rests, was now commissioned to punish
inn..ma tN r .nc. riirmifpnK hv former, according to nld law. with dent h . the infamous rebel. Chorsctachmet lett
i y iliiiLiillKsJ ill w n u o w 4 in.uiiiv.iik J - j I - . .
Fhft Pnschas. whn nrp nnnhl tr nrnfprf tllfi PelenonneSUS With lUS ai'mVi WhlCil,
lliltlll!' UdLh lill. 1 III JkUUii A 1 J l V- I J I
' l. . . . I .. i Tft
ry quietness of the present period has themselves against the bold n
hrnit it. The smoth- and darinirness of the Kanit
ered curses of the farmers, whose capital ally enter into negotiation with them, and Joannina, where his best strength was
employed on the land, has undergone a they often, for a nominal subjection, re- consumed in useless storming of this
species of confiscation between the de- ceive pay and provisions, and the super- strong lortress, and m repelling uie i-
mandcr of rent and the demander of tax- intendence of the district protected by lies of Ali, and the attacks of Kapitanys,
cs are generating the most unnatural their arms. Such a district delivered now j'oined by the Agraplies and Suliotes.
enmity to government. Where will over to the protection of a Kapitancy, is The Hetaeria, which, as is well known, is
ministers find a bold veomanrv cavalrv in called his Armatolion. The mountains of a Union or Association founded for the
the course of another year? Perhaps the Macedonia. Epirus and Thessaly are par- liberation of Greece, and is particularly
fencing or
lace-
agricultural committee will answer the licularly covered by these Armatolia, and spread over the islands and maritime pla
question I the liberty of the Mainottes, Agraphes, ces, considered this moment, when by th
Suliots, Montenegrins and Meredites, so most wonderful concatenation of circum
much dreaded by the Turks, rests on this stances, the Peleponnesus was tree Irom
foundation. It will easily be perceived its dreaded tyrants and from t Turkish
from this, that the Greek Armatolia, as main force. Thessaly was slightly pro-
Gm:i:cn.
From the Allgemeine Zeitung" of Sept. 17.
lvjormation rejecting the latest events in the Iast asvlums of old Grecian strength tected. and Aetolia and Enirus were eve-
ri . . d i '
kmicclc. anci independence, the unconquered cen- ry where tne theatre ot war, as particu
As the great and just interest in the tre of the Greek nation, are at present larly favorable for rising against their sub
cause of the Greeks which is every where the hope and the pledtre of better times iucrators, though they were only in par
felt, begins now to display itself in action, for Greece. When Ali Pascha aimed at prepared, and there was still particularly
I have exerted myself to obtain accurate obtaining a more solid sway over Aetolia a want of arms. Their fleets assembled
knowledge of the most recent state of at- and Epirus than was possessed by his pre- and rushed out to support the movements
fairs in Greece, that we may be the better decessors, he drew the Kapitanys of his which broke out last spring in every pat
able to know in what manner our determi- province and their bands, by ti eat prcs- of Greece. After hard battles, the Turk:
nation to assist them can be best execu- ents and still greater promises, into his were driven into the fortresses, which
ted. in doing this, i must necessarily service, tie then began to destroy them have partly been surrendered, and partly
report many things already belorc the singly, not publicly, but secretly, by are invested. The struggle
public. means of assassins, whom he then put obstinate in
was most
in Epirus, where the Turkish
The maritime power of the Greeks, out of the way, to prevent suspicion at- nonulation capable of bearing arms had
- M lit
astonished Europe, is almost taching to himself as the originator. Thus strength
which has
entirely the exclusive property of rich perished, among many others, the father
But
lened the army before Joannina
here, after numerous battles, the
commercidl houses in the three small I si- of Odysseus, who is now a leader of dar- Turks have been mastered and compelled
ands of Hydra, Spezia and Pisara, where ing bands in Thessaly. The rest, discov- at length to retire. With about 3,000
the snirit oi cntcrnrize ot the Greek erino- in time the treacherv. left th men. Pnsr.hnhpv. u-hn remained with the
merchants, which has developed itself un- sassin, and withdrew into their indepen- armystrengthened the garrison. of Arta.
der the protection of a freedom, prcserv- dent Armatelia. When last year the With the rest? of the army, about 8,000
ed with difficulty by (Treat prudence and Porte had determined on the fall rf Ali. men. Chnrset.irhmet retreated to the
great finesse, is now concentrated. 1 he and Ismacl Paschobey advanced with on- passes of Mezova, pretending he was or
housc of Konturioty, in Hydra, the head ly about 5000 Turks through Thessaly, dered to Thessaly, and that Machmud
ot which possesses a property ot 8 mm- against the tour-times stronger force
ions of Spanish dollars, and has 30 armed Ali, he called to his assistance, again
ships in the Greek fleet, is the most dis- the common enemy, all the Kapitam
of which possesses a property of 8 mill- against the four-times stronger force of Pascha, of Scutari, was to end the war
inst against Ali. According to the last ac-
ys counts from Geneva, in Macedonia, of the
tinguished for wealth and enlarged views, who were incensed against him. In a 20th July, a part of this corps had arrived
Other houses, in proportion to their short time they brought to him 10,000 there in separate bands, by by-ways, in
means, have furnished live ships, or two, fighting men, and he opened the cam- the most wretched condition, as the pass
or one; many ot more limited means paign with an army ot 15,000 men. Ali of Mezova was occupied by the Kapitanys.
. . .... i . - i -
have clubbed together to iurnish one to occupied the mountain passes which lead Nobody knew any thing of Chorsetachmet,
the licet. i he lleet ot the Athenians over Kalantes, and more to the r
north and as Thessalonia was already surround
used to be supplied by the rich families, over Mezovo from Thessaly to Epirus. ed by land, the wreck of his army sought
and in the renewal of the same spectacle The Kapitanys found means of passing to gain the mountains to the north, to
jii uui uuius, l- uaw uul ic uim i"u"Muie mountains, oy ways Known only to penetrate to uosnia, acme risK or ueing
ot the tcnaciousnecs with which me themselves. Attacked every where, in completely cut up by the Kapitanys. The
Greeks adhere to their ancient customs, front and rear, and cut off from all re- Greeks having cleared the open countrv
The strength of the navy maintained by sources, Ali, without striking a blow, re- and the sea from the enemy, endeavored
this Grecian Ilmsa cannot be accurately treated into Joannina. The army dis- to gain the strong places in the interior of
stated, but they have about JoO ships, persed, and with the chosen bands of his Greece, to form their strength in various
mounting lrom 15 to 35 guns, about the old friends and associates, mostly Kapita- points into five armies, and to spread from
same number mounting from 5 to 15 nyS, who had remained true to him, he Thessaly the insurrection over Macedo-
guns, and above 500 mounting only a few threw himself into the richly supplied nia and Thrace. The following informa-
guns. The 150 larger vessels, with a fortress of his capital. From hence he tion on this subiect has come to our
pital. l rom hence he tion on this sum
corresponding number of smaller ones, set fire to the town, and compelled the knowledge : In the Peloponnesus, the
are divided into four nearly equal fleets, Paschobey, who was not prepared for a forces which have not crossed the Isth
of which the first is stationed before the siege, to remain inactive beside the ruins mus remain before Koran, Napoli, and
Dardanelles, the second in the Cyclades, of Joannina. This made him an object Patras, about 15,000 men strong, and keep
unci latterly, the blockade ot l nessaionica. (t suspicion to the Porte. As he had these fortresses invested
The third protects the three islands which called the christians to arms, and remain- The remaining bands of the Pelopon
command the sea, and observes the move- ed idle before Joannina, the Divan thouerht nesians are united in the neighborhood of
t . , .... . -! . '
nients ot the uarbary vessels, and the 4tn Ismail Pachobey had it m view t
is employed in the Ionian Sea, against the tablish an indenendent dominion in
remains of the Turkish fleet in the bar- rus, and appointed the powerful Kavano- parts of the Peloponnesus, have been con-
bors of Aetolia and Epirus, and in block- soglu, the Humli Basill, as his successor, sidcrably strengthened, and though in
cding the Turkish maritime places. Small When Paschobey presented the Greek great want of water and provisions, ac-
divisions and single ships keep up the Kapitanys to him 2s the men who had cording to the last accounts, defended
communication and convoy the transports, brought the Turkish army before Joan- themselves with all the courage of des-
In emergencies several of these fleets nina, he dismissed them with harsh words pair. As they spared no Greek inhabi-
unite against a common enemy. It seems and even with menaces. A Pascha of his tant of the town, the Greeks have sworn
singular that the name ot an admiral is retinue, Omar, recognized among the to retaliate on
never mentioned. The reason is, that as Kapitanys Diamanty, the enemy of his though weak
them. The Peloponnesus,
ened and desolated bv the
yju lumiMuiig oi uu 5i"Kuiar neci is nousc. lie called him back. "1 know calamities ot the last century, still con
in common, the command is also com- thec," said he to him, " thou art Diaman- tains at a moderate estimate 40.000 fight
mon, and varies with the power which ty, who slew my brother, and took from ing men. The Mainots, Petro Mavome
cach house furnishes. Every one con- him 20,000 piastres." I am Diamanty," chalv, one of the mnt nnwerf.,1 tl,P;,.
sion. Ali, freed from the terrors of a
siege, and observed by the Greeks, lives
quietly in Joannina with his heroic wife,
Basilissa, a Greek, who has shared with
him all the alterations of his fortune, and
keeps him true to the Greek cause. A
division of the Suliotes occupies farther
north the passes, by which Quintus Flam
inius formerly found an entrance into
Epirus and Thessaly, after fencim
avoiding the positions of Philip of M
don. Beyond this, in Albania, peace is
maintained by agreement between the
Christians and Turks, who are nearly
equalin strength, and have given hostages
to each other, and still farther within Illy
ria, the powerful Pascha of Sentau ven
tures on no decisive movement He is
kept in check by the Montenegrins and
the Meredites, the countrymen of Scan
derbeg. To the northwards of his prov
ince, the Austrians are collecting a con
siderable force at Ragusa, in order, as it
seems, on the breaking out of hostilities
to seek a way between Bosnia and Illyria
to Macedonia. This is the situation oi
the northern parts of Greece. In Thes
saly there is a fourth Corps d Arme
Here is Odysseus, who, alter the retreat
of Chorsetachmet, actually beat the Pas
cha of Trikala there, and afterwards ad
vanced with Perrhceos, who penetrated
from Boeotia through Thermopylae, and
joined Anthimos Gazy, the leader of the
Magnesians. The force of these is esti
mated at 20,000 men. When the power
of the Thessalian Turks was broken in
severe combats at Trikala, Larissa and
Zeituni, a par! of the united force in
Thessaly proceeded (under Perrhceos) to
wards the Suymon and Macedonia. This
was the signal for the insurrection of this
rich province, which broke out on the
20th June on the three Peninsulas. The
three Peninsulas of Kassandra, Zbrone,
and Athos, which connect together with
the mainjftmd at 7'hessalonia, contain 80
townships, towns, villages, and monaste
ries, over which the Bishops of Jeresos,
Adramerio, and Cassandria, and the
Monks of Mount Athos, exercise a great
power, as Lords of a great part of the
country, and as having great personal
consideration. Hence, when on the day
in question the Bishops summoned the
people to arms, the insurrection was uni
versal. The Monks furnished arms, am
unition, and guns, and already on the
25th of June, 7hessalonica was invested
by the bands of the bishops, the monks,
and the TMiessalian leaders, while at the
same time the fleet of the Cyclodes pla
ced itself before "tne harbor. The other
Greek provinces, Attika, Bceotia, Phocis,
are ol subordinate importance for the
main cause. But the centre of Greek
events from henceforward is evidently
Thessaly, which in connection with Ma
cedonia and Bceotia, offers great means
for the equipment of soldiers, and from
whence the great movements towards
Bosnia, Macedonia, and Thrace, must be
conducted.
FliOJI THE EAST-IjXDIES.
BOSTON, DEC. 1.
ccives
he understands the business as he answered ; " I did slay thy brother and Kapitanys, have nearly nine thousand well
11
as uuuiuci, aim as ai maramon vwui tr.ke irom him his money, but he was my armed and brave men in the field. The
the Ten Generals, so at Mitylene, and enemy, and we met each other in honora- other leaders of the Peloponnesians are
latterly at Tenedos, he is the leader on ble combat ; now we are brothers and not known ; we know, however that
w hose day of command the battle is friends ; old limes must not be spoken of." Perrhaos raised in the Peloponnesus, the
fouSu . . , " Thou art mistaken, Gaucr," was the an- firsthand with which he broke into Bceotia,
1 he intelligence of the latest events on swer : vc never make friends of doers, and re.vnlntmn;.,! u :.u a.
I 1 I l UUL VvUlllll 1 V Willi r I mm
...w w.u.uuu ui tuimtuis V. t isou siuui iiiue no uouuc satisiaction, tika and rhocis. What change the arri
Z i ,1 K"uw!f.ac OI u.s mV cona,"on a remain m my hands as murderer ol val of Demetrius Vpsilanti will produce,
uri s - u,uu,i:i- remains to be seen. Tl
v nen ivmnomet the Second conquered
Greece, he was satisfied with occunvim:
the level country, the fortresses, and the
sea towns. Neither he nor his followers,
who pushed their conquests in the direc
tion of Hungary and Poland, paid any at
tention to the natural fortresses of the
Greek mountains. Hence the whole of
the Greek mountains remained at first
unconquered. Thi her repaired the in
dependent part of the inhabitants, in or
der to carry on a Guerilla warfare under
bold leaders, called Kapitanys. These
When the Kapitanys heard that Dia- the Greeks is in Aetolia and Acarnani
ir.rnty w.is retained, they determined at and invests, amonij other places, whic
still nold out, A'anpactus (Lepanto.)
Aetolians are still the wildest of
first to free him by force ; but one of
them, Tz'.kL , from Thessaly, admitted
into the Ilr'jsvv.. prevailed on them to be
more moderate for the moment. It is
not now the time to enter unprepared for
vour destruction. Soon will bein a no
bler conflict for the freedom of all Greece ;
for this spare yourselves and ycur arms.
The Kapitanys purchased the freedom of
Diamanty 9 withdrew (though not without
fighting; their bands from the Turkish,
ie second corns oi
a,
ich
The
thp
Greeks, and the most cruel enemies of
f.he Turks. Farther northwards, in an
cient Epirus, the Kapitanys have united
with the Suliotes. The armed force
here, including the troops of Ali, amounts
to 50,000 men, who are partly before Arta
and Prevesa, are partly clearing the in
tenor from the Turks, and observing the
strong places which are in their posses-
We are indebted to Mr. ToplifF for
the loan of the Batavian Courant of
July 11, containing a long official ac
count of the capture of Palembang, by
major-general Kock, the commander
of the expedition. The Dutch naval
force consisted of two frigates, two
corvettes, three brigs, several schoon
ers, and a large number of transport
ships and gunboats. They attacked,
on the 20th of June, the enemy's bat
teries upon the banks of the river, and
the island of Gambora, on which were
mounted 126 guns, and lost on that day
46 men killed and 97 wounded. On
the 24th thev renewed the attack, and
carried all the batteries, with the loss
of 29 men killed and 140 wounded.
On the 26th the fleet proceeded up the
river, and took a position opposite the
town of Palembang, and on the follow
ing day an officer of the Sultan came
on board the admiral's ship to propose
terms of capitulation. The recovery
of this place bv the Dutch, with the res
toration of their control over the king
dom of Palembang, which has been
able for several years to oppose an ef
fectual resistance to the whole force in
the East-Indies, is an event of some
importance. To give our readers some
idea of the war which has been carried
on in this quarter, we translate the fol
lowing paragraph from the Annuaire
Historique for 1818:
"The Dutch had exercised for more
than a century the right of sovereignty
over the Sultan of Palembang; they
had kept up a garrison and a fort which
command his residence, and this prince
paid them an annual tribute. Accord
ing to the treaty of 1S14, all the estab
lishments held by the Dutch in 1803,
were to be restored to the Icing of the
Netherlands, and the island of Banca
was yielded to him in full sovereignty,
as an equivalent for the establishment
of Cochin. Thus the Dutch acquired
a-double right to take up again the au
thoritv over Palembang which they ejn-
joyed in 1803 ; but during the occupa