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When this country found itself enga ged in the war with Great Britain, we were soon made sensible of the want of prepa ration, in every respect, for such a con tcot ; and in no respect were wc worse prepared than in the organization of the fiscal branch of the military establishment. Those things arc very well understood Tiozv. The oncers educated by the war are generally at the head of the disburs ing offices of the military establishment ; they know what i proper to be done, what vouchers arc necessary to be pro duced in settlements, anil how regular pe riodical settlements arc to be coerced. Every thing is well done, and promptly accounted for. But very different was the state of things in 1812, M3 and '14. "Every thing was then to be learnt at great cost. Public property was wasted from the want of necessary knowledge how to dispose of or take care of it. Our gen erous warm-hearted young soldiers did not think as much of vouchers when they were applying the public money, as they would do were it to do over again. From these, and various other causes, the unset tled accounts for money disbursed in the War Department amounted, soon after the close of the late war, to .forty-three millions of dollars. Means were provi ded by Congress for examining and set tling this immense mass of accounts. "When trie! in Mr. Hagncr's crucible, the heap soon began to be lessened. At the last session, it was reported to Con gress that the amount was reduced by ex amination and settlement to fifteen mil lions of dollars. At this session, it was reported as having been since sweated down from fifteen to five millions of dol lars. And, what is a remarkable fact, shewing the insubstantiality of this for midable List of Balances, it appears that the sum of money found due by individu als, and paid into the Treasury, out of the ten millions thus settled, was only eighty thousand dollars ! So the debt to the li nked States, thus settled, was as 80,000 dollars is to 10,000,000 as 8 to 1,000, or 1 to 125. There is nothing so inconve nient to a theorist or a dcclaimer, but there is also nothing so demonstrative, as figures. The facts "arc even stronger than we have stated them. There was found due to individuals, in the course of this settlement, about eighty thousand dollars ; which being paid out, just balan ces the account so that, on the whole, there was, in the settlement of these ten million of dollars, found to be absolutely nothing due to the United States. We do not undertake to say that the analysis of the remainder of this list of balances will produce a like result. The purest substance in the hands of the skil ful chemist leaves some residuum and loss to the United States will be consider- J able. But can a government, more than an individual we put it to the common sense of every reader be expected to conduct its business without loss ? Docs not every man in an extensive business, employing many agents, calculate upon an average loss from the unfaithfulness or failure of his agents? To men of busi ness it will be sufficient to say, that, with all the irregularity of disbursements dur ing the hte war, and taking collectively all the losses the government has sustain ed by delinquencies of public agents, from the adoption of the constitution to this day, the whole loss has not exceeded one per cent, on the whole amount of the expenditure. We wish it were a great deal less than it is; all wc mean to say is that it is a great deal less than it has been represented to be. THE PAT IMA SAN CHEESE. It has sometimes been said, that men and women are frequently coupled to gether in wedlock, like rabbits when they are sold ; namely, that a fat and lean one go together, by which means both pass en tolerably well through the market of human life. Some years since, a learned doctor, who was considered as a pillar in Westminster school, was united to a lady who had been brought up in a different manner, on which the sun of science had but sparingly darted its beams. A friend dining with them one day, was asked by the lady, if he would take Parmacity cheese. " Parmacity ! exclaimed the doc tor, you mean Parmasan, my dear." His dear, however, was not disposed to take the hint, and a violent contest ensued. After matters had reached an unpleasant height, it was mutually agreed that the affair should be submitted to the judgment of the visiter, who found himself in a situation, for which his dinner made but a sorry re compense. The question itself included very little difficulty ; but the decision in volved consequences which were not like ly to be pleasing to all parties Arduous, however, as the t3sk may appear, of set tling a serious dispute between man and wife, their mutual friend undertook it, and happily succeeded in the following manner : " It seems to me that you arc boh right. If the cheese was mud sim ply in Parma, then, generally speaking, I should say it was Parmasan ; but if it was made in the city of Parma, I see no rca- j son why it should not be called 1'arma-ci :." This fortunate expedient cleared the matrimonial horizon; the gathering tempest subsided ; and after a little time the sun began to shine. coat; n kss. SEVKNTEENTfC COf;nES"i linT SESSION. LY SF-VATi: movi.at, irnn 29. SOUTHERN STATES OF AMEIMCA. The Senate, according to the order of the day, took up, in committee of the whole, .Mr. Lowrie being called to the chair, the bill from the House of Repre sentatives making an appropriation of glC0,000 to defray the expense of Mis sions to the independent nations on the American continent. The amendments reported by the Com mittee of Foreign Relations to the bill, (to increase the appropriation to & 1 1 0,000, and subjecting the bill specifically to the limitations of the general law concerning the compensation of public ministers) were negatived Mr. Umg, of N. Y. hav ing expressed the opinion that they were unnecessary. Mr. Smith, of S. C- proposed to amend the bill by adding thereto the following proviso : "Provided, nevertheless, that no money shall he dniwn from the Treasury, for that purpose, until the President shall be fully satisfied that such missions will not interrupt the friendly re lations of the United States." And the question being taken on the adoption of this amendment, it was deci ded in the negative Yeas 9 Nays 28. Mr. Eaton proposed to amend the bill so that the President should not appoint any minister but with the advice and con sent of the Senate. Mr. King, of X. Y. said such an amend ment could not be necessary, because the constitution of the United States was suf ficiently explicit upon the subject. It was onlv in appointments that become -vacant during the recess, that the President was authorized to exercise the right of ap pointing to oflice. In original appoint ments, where there had not been an in cumbent of the ofi'ice, such a power un der the constitution did not attach to the Executive, and hence could not be exer cised. It was quite unnecessary, there fore, to proidc, by any statutary provis ion fri tli'it wliJ1i iic 'ilrnr? cinflinont- I ly guarded by the constitution. .Mr. Eaton was aware that the views ot the gentlemen were correct. He had no doubt but that the correct meaning of the constitution was such as was stated by Mr. K. ; but, however this fact miijht be, it was not to be disguised, that the President of the United States had, bv the course he had pursued on a former occasion, manifested a different understanding of the constitution. Mr. Madron had nom inated ministers to negotiate the treaty of wnent, in tne recess oi tnc senate ; anu these were not vacancies, but original ap pointments. If this had been acquiesced in by the Senate, and such he understood had been the case, it might be considered as authority for the Executive to adopt that course again. Such a course he thought unauthorized, and he wished, by the adoption of the amendment proposed, to say so. The Senate should retain the powers that belonged to it ; nor was it less matc.iial that it should judge of. the mer its and qualifications of those who might be appointed. Mr. Holmes, of Maine, remarked that the constitution was certainly definite enough upon this subject : the amendment proposed could not make it more so : and lie was altogether unwilling, where the rule was prescribed already by an instru ment, from which neither the Picsident nor this body had a right to depart, to at tempt either to enlarge it, or to- declare what should or should not be its true con struction. The President was competent to judge of this matter without any opin ion being offered by the Senate. Some remarks were offered by Messrs. Walker and King, of Alabama, as to the practice of the Senate, the intent of the constitution. Sec. ; when Mr. Eaton observed, that, having re ferred to the Executive journal of the Senate, from which the injunction of se crecy had been removed, he had found that the principle acted on by Mr. Madi son, in relation to the ministers who form ed the Treaty of Ghent, had not been ac quiesced in, but had been protested against bv the Senate : it was, therefore, not to be viewed as establishing any precedent, and he would withdraw the amendment he had offered. The question was then taken on order ing the bill to be read a third time, and was decided in the affirmative Yeas 35 Nays 3. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. moxdwj atril 29. The engrossed bill for the preservation and repair of the Cumberland road, was read a third lime. Mr. Taylor said, he considered thi bill as so important in its character, and be ing such a violation of the constitution, that he felt himself impelled to call for the yeas and nays upon it. The yeas and nays were thereupon or-! dcrod. Mr. Reed, of Md. moved to recommit the bill, for the purpose of causing to be stricken out of it the section that author izes the President of the United States to lessen or increase the ratesof the tolls. That was an" act of legislation, he said, which it was not competent for the Pres ident of the United States to exercise. The motion was supported by the mover, and opposed by Messrs. Little, 'Ross, Trimble, and Stewart. Mr. Reed, of Md. called for the yeas and nays, which were thereupon order ed ; and the question on a commitment being taken, it was decided in the nega tive, by a large majority. The question was then taken on the passage of the bill, and decided as follows : Yeas 87 Nays GS. INTELLIGENCE. He comes, the herald of a noisy world, News from all naticits lumVring at his back. Ten days later from England. NEW-YORK, Arm I. 20. THREATENED COUNTER REVOLUTION IN FRANCE. By the ship Herald, arrived at Boston from Liverpool, London papers have been received of the 11th of March, contain ing the highly important intelligence that every appearance seemed to indicate the approach of another revolution in France. The measures which have been for a long time incautiously pursued, by the adhe rents of the Bourbon family, to restore the ancient order of things, and which, in consequence of the very recent restrictive impositions on the press, have burst upon the nation like a flash of lightning, (if these accounts are to be believed,) have dif fused almost universal discontent through out the country. Complaints were pour ing in from all quarters ; reiterated at tempts were making to oppose the con stituted authorities; and, if private letters are to be credited, a revolution had alrea dy broken out in the interior, headed by General Benton, who is stated to have as sembled a considerable force in opposi tion to the government, and to have issu ed a proclamation, containing sentiments hostile to the Bourbon family, and recom mending their expulsion. A similar feel ing is stated to be spreading throughout the departments, where Napoleon II. is said to have been proclaimed as the right ful sovereign. Disturbances are even said to have taken place among the law students in Paris, and the cries of " Vive le Roi," and 44 Ricn que la Charle" heard among the contending parties. It was necessary to call out the Gen d'Arms be fore these commotions were suppressed. That France is at present in a very con vulsed state there can be no doubt. The British government had received des patches in gtcat haste from Paris, which were considered of such importance, that Lord Londonderry, who had just sat (low n o dinner, on learning their contents, instantly rose from the table and hastened, apparently in great agitation, lo his office, t he Courier, alluding to the subject, re marks, " that the peril is indeed the great er, because France is literally surrounded with the combustible materials of revolu tionary explosion ; and that Spain, the North of Italy, and Germany, are so ma ny sources whence the torrent of disaf fection to legitimate government may re ceive inexhaustible supplies." The London Globe, received at the of fice of the Commercial Advertiser, from our correspondent in London, says, five of the persons charged as parties in the con spiracy at Saumur have been tried and sentenced to death by the military Com mission sitting at Tours. Saumur ap pears to be a favorite scat of disaffection. A plot was discovered and defeated in De cember last. The present conspiracy in that town may have contributed to im press the recent disturbances in Paris with a like character. Two members of the Chamber of Dep uties have been arrested, on suspicion of attempting to re-produce the scenes of the revolution. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. As usual, we have contradictory state ments as to the intentions of these two powers, neither of which, in our opinion, are entitled to much attention. A letter from Odessa dated February the 12th, states, that a great number of Russian of ficers had arrived there with long leaves of absence, from which a continuance of peace was inferred ; and it is suid to have been currently reported on the Exchange at Liverpool, the 13th of March, that Lord Walpolc, the British minister, had arrived in London from Vienna, with a copy of the treaty of peace between Rus sia and Turkey. On the other hand it appears from the language of Mr. Tier ncy in the House of Commons, that he believed Ministers were fully aware of the certainty of an approaching rupture. The Chancellor of the Exchequer neith er confessed nor denied this statement ; on which the Morning Chronicle remarks, that " there is now an almost universal conviction in the best informed circles, that a Russian and Turkish war is inevit able." We are inclined to think that this is the most correct view of the subject. The Emperor Alexander was looked for at Minsk to join the Imperial Guards, and then proceed to the grand armv. It was also rumored that he was forming an offensive and defensive alliance with ano ther power. These are any other than symptoms of a pacific disposition. GREAT BRITAIN. The manufactuiing and agricultural interests do not appear to be satisfied with the plans suggested by government for their relief, and arc loud and unceasing in their demands for succour. In ire land, the Uhite Beys had somewhat abat-, ed their outrageous proceedings. " 1 his diminution of crime," says the Conner, " is owing, not to anv abatement ot then lawless spirit, but to the summary opera tion, of the insurrection act. Aware that their annrehension is inevitable, if found fabroad after a certain hour, they now keep in close ambush in the mountains, and on ly detach strong armed parties during the night to provide subsistence." LONDON, MAJICH 3. The following is an extract of a private letter, which we have received this morn ing from Paris. In that capital, among the best informed persons upon pohucal events, the persuasion is very strong that hostilities must take place between Rus sia and Turkey, and that the declaration ot war by the former Power, will soon be put forth. We can add nothing to this belief, of our own knowledge, either one way or the other; but shall merely lay be fore our readers the facts communicated by our correspondent : Courier. " Paris, Tuesday night. A commer cial courier arrived here to-day, from St. Petersburg, which he left on the 17th of Feb. It was believed nt his departure, war was on the point of breaking out with Turkey, for orders had been sent lo all the armies and the Russian licet in the Black Sea. The Grand Dukes are gone to the army, and the Emperor and his Ministers were expected to set oft immediately." We have received the Paris papers of Monday and Tuesday. The internal state of France is evidently not a satisfactory one. Without adverting to what may or may not be the causes of the events which are taking place, the fact in undeniable that plots and conspiracies prevail to an alarming extent. Nor is the discontent confined to a particular district, but wc hear of its breaking out in different and distant provinces. No sooner is one at tempt defeated than another is made, and if we may judge from the private accounts we have received, these attempts arc by no means of that trivial and insignificant character which they are represented to be by the Pans Journals. Feb. 4, says, that the manifesto or decla ration of war against Turkey, was mo mently expected. Hostilities would com mence with the spring. nOSTO.V, APRIL 19. Latest from France and England. By the arrival of the fast sailing brig Orion, Capt. Smith, we are favored with the perusal of a file of Bordeaux papers as late as the 17th of March, containing Paris dates to the 13th. TRANSLATIONS. One of the officers of the detachment sent in pursuit of Benton, was upon the point of taking him on the 7th inst. at a solitary farm house, where the fugitive disguised as a peasant, had passed the night. Benton had departed before day he had no followers with him, and mani fested the most lively uneasiness. The rebels in Tours, Saumur and An gers have been dispersed without difficul ty ; several have been arrested, and the troops have manifested the most loyal dis position. There appears to have been large col lections of the people of Paris, in differ ent streets, hostile to the missions, which have produced the necessity of ordering out bodies of Infantry and Light Cavalry to be stationed in different positions. The acts of the populace have been confined to cries and hisses. A proclamation was issued by the Prefect of Police, dated the 12th March, announcing the disturbances occasioned by the Mobs, the determina tion of the government to disperse them, and requesting all good citizens lo abstain from mingling in the crowd. The Chamber of Peers continued on the discussion of the Bill regulating the Public Journals. The 1st and 2d Arti cles have been adopted without discussion, and the 3d after a long debate has been agreed to, 121 to 79. An amendment of the 4th Article, proposing to limit to 5 years, the power given to government to re-establish the censorship during inter vals between the sessions, was negatived 119 to 87. The same article was adopted after some further discussion It was ex pected that the final vote would be taken the next day. An Augsburg article of the 7th of March, mentions the arrival of a courier from Vi enna bringing letters confirming the ca tastrophe of the Pacha of Janina. In consequence of some acts of violence of Ali towards some of his men, they seized upon his person, cut oft his head and sent it to Churschild Pacha. This comman der of the Ottoman forces immediately dispatched some Tartars to Constantino ple with the bloody trophy, to the Grand Seignior, where they arrived on the 15th of Feb. and where the event excited the most extravagant joy. Letters from Belgrade even go so far as to say that the present Vizier, Selim Pa cha, has determined with the army assem bled in the environs of Constantinople to take up his march for the banks of the Danube. If this should take place, no doubt would remain of the intention of commencing hostilities against the Russians. A H craw ai tide oi the i9th ot FcL states the total of the Russian Army ready to take the field, exclusive of the Corps stationed in Bessarabia, at 83 to 100,000 Infantry, 30 to 40,000 Cavalry, 50 pieces of heavy and SO to 100 pieces light Artil lery. 10,000 men at least are attached to the different parks of Artillery. VERY LATE FROM EUROPE. NEW-YORK, APRIL 25. The April packet ship James Monroe, Capt. Lee, arrived yesterday, in the very short passage of 23 days from Liverpool. We have recrned papers of that place to the 1st of April, and London papers to the evening of the 30th of March. In the House of Commons, March 24, Mr. Maryat presented a petition of the Council and Assembly of Grenada, pray ing such relief as was absolutely necessa ry to save them from impending ruin. Mr. Wilmot said the President of the Board of Trade meant, in the ensuing week, to submit a motion on the subject of regulating the intercourse of the colo nics with Canada. A meeting cf the West Indian mer chants and planters was held on the 22d at the London Tavern, when it was agreed to present a petition to the House of Com mons, for an open commercial intercourse between the British West Indian Islands and Colonics and the United Stages. The London Sun says, an application has been made to the Board of Trade, in behalf of the colonists in British North America, to postpone the bill for extend ing the intercourse in American shipping with the British West India Islands, un til the next session of Parliament, that they may be afforded an opportunity to be heard upon, and to offer evidence against, the measure. Mr. Zea, the minister of Colombia in France, is said to have concluded a loan of two millions with some English mer chants. Colombian stocks were 3 per cent, above par. It is said there will be another meeting of sovereigns at Vienna the ensuing sum mer, at which the King of England will be present. The report of a conspiracy in Poland, a London editor thinks, may be nothing more than a plan invented to give the Russian government an excuse for acting with more ligor towards that unhappy nation. On the 29th of March, Mr. Canning crave notice in the House of Commons, that 44 on the 30th of April, he should move for leave to bring in a bill to repeal so much of the act of the 30th Charles II. as debarred Catholic peers from sitting in the House of Lords. In giving this no tice he begged to repeat, that it was not his intention in any degree to prejudice or interfere with the great question as a whole ; to that he would lend his most cheerful support ; but as it was not yet de cided whether that would be introduced this session, he thought it right to vsivc this specific notice. It was fit, also, 2nd due to the noble persons whose interests were concerned, both in this and the gen eral question, to declare in a public and solemn manner, and upon his honor, that he had held no communication, direct or indirect, with them upon the subject of the present notice, or the subject he had in view." An extract of a letter from Liverpool, dated April 1st, says : u The bill to regulate the trade with the West Indies does not appear by the pro ceedings in Parliament on the 29th ult. to have been brought in ; but it may have been brought in firo Jbrma, although no debate took place upon it. A proposition has been assented to in the agricultural committee, to allow foreign wheat in bond to be ground into flour ; bond being given to export 5 6 lbs. of superfine flour, for every 70 lbs. wheat taken out. There is not we believe any fresh flour now in this market unsold ; but you will be aware that after the passing of the act above mentioned, the vent for export will be considerably diminished, and after Sep tember, the export to Newfoundland ceases. DOMESTIC. TORNADO. IIUNTSVILLE, (ALA.) ATRIL 19. On Saturday night, the 13th instant, this county was visited with one of the most destructive tornados ever known in the country. It passed through the county in a north easterly direction, prostrating trees, buildings, fences, and every other moveable object in its course. From the best information we have been able to col lect of the injury done by this dreadful visitation, it commenced in the county of Lawrence, crossed the Tennessee river, and passed through the county of Lime stone, pursuing a north easterly course through Madison, passing about four or five miles N. W. of Huntsville, sweeping like the besom of destruction every thing in its way for about a quarter of a mile in width. It spent its greatest fury in this county. The deadened trees were generally up rooted, the trunks of the green ones in the forest were twisted and broken off" about fifteen feet from the ground, and almost every building of all descriptions razed with the ground, so that in many fry-
