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iraordi-i-.ry rxlKbiih.ns, w-us cncc com mon in England, ut this u;,on. The cuMom of takt'mg the ,:! trcci at CLiisima, with a view to an other year, ii :il presi r veil, both in Comwuil and Divon-ditrc. hi some places the parishi-me'S vv.dk in proces sion, visiting the pinuipal ourli.irds in the parish. , In each (.it hard one tree is selected as the representative of the rest; this is saluted with a certain form of word, which have in thuu the air of an incantation. They then ei ther sprinkle the tree with cider, or dash a howl of cider against it, to en sure its bearing plentifully the ensuing year. .In other places the farmer and his servants only assemble on the oc casion ; and, after immersing Cakes in cider, hang them on the apple trees.- They then sprinkle the trees w ith cider ; and, after uttering a formal incantation, they dance round it, and retire to the iartn-housc to conclude these solemn rites with copious draughts of cider. aUSMCULTl'KAL, Hail! firt of Atfn, nnurcc of domestic ease ; J'ride of tlie land, ami patron of the sen. ON THE i'ROUt C MOS OF PLANTS. It is, we believe, un opinion received by a great part of the community, even in this enlightened age, that there arc some vegetables, which spring up spontaneous ly, being produced from no root or seed, but from some imaginary virtue in the soil. The advocates of this opinion, re fer us to the growth of while clover, where ashes or gypsum have been strewed, to the weeds which grow oo lands recently burnt over, and to the production of plants "In other places where no jced has been I sown, and where none is supposed to exist- This notion qf spontaneous propaga tion was generally received among the an cients, and Virgil tells us of nuifo tie rw int frugc: It is now, however, univer sallv exploded by men of science; and wi.ii a view of correcting this too com mon error among other classes, wc have selected the following remarks from Drt. Dwioht's Tmavels. Sir Humphrey Davy observes, that seed excluded from the air will remain for years inactive in the soil, and yet ger minate under favorable circumstances." l!a m fi thi rtfAut.) Gaz. The lands in Adison, which have been once cultivated, and again permit ted to lie waste for several ears, yield a rich and fine growth of hickorv. Of . . . . - .... . this wood there is not, l uneve, a sin gle tree in any original forest within 30 .. r .1 'T-t miles ironi tms sou. ine native growth here is white cane ; of which I did not see a single stem amid a whole grove of hiikcrv. Similar specimens id an entire change in the forest vege tation are common in many, perhaps in all parts of New England, vhere the lai.d hrt been cultivated, and again cov ered w ith wood. Ihia change is com monly attrihutitl by unthinking, as it h:is often been by thinking men, t( i qui vocal generation ; the material ele ments being suppostd to possess a chemical power of originating, and pt i feeing vegetation, without the aid f seeds. To support the supposition, however, philosophy, although she has frequently adopted, has never been able M find a single fact, or allege a particle of positive evidence. The opinion ob viously contradicts all known analogy ; and i Mtatainrd only by that broken l c e d , in exfHcublcruM. The seeds ol vegetables, when lodg ed beneath that liiiu stratum of enrth, within which they germinate, have no apparent tendency to deciy 5 but con tinue to possess all their vegetative power thiough an indefinite number ol centuries. When the existing forest ii cut down, and its st edsare destroyed h cultivation, those which wire shed by n more ancient growth, beiug thrown up by the plough within the limits of this stratum, spring up in their turn ; tnd cover the stir Cue with trees of a rew khid. The fallowing facts will throw some light on this subjnt. A field, about f.ve miles from North nn dm, on an eminence called Hail Hill, w cultivated nbi.utaccntury.igo. 'I hi growth here, p.tid in all the sur roundirg region, was v holly oak. ches nut, &c. As the field belonged to my grandfather, I had the best opportuni ty of l-iriiingiislo-.tcry. t contained about live acres, in the form of an ir regular parallelogram. As the savages rendered the cultivation dangerous, it was givea up. On the ground there sprang up a grove of white pines, c'V er'.nij ihc fi-.-ld, and retaining its figure exauly. So far as 1 remember, there was not 11. it a single oak or chesnut tree. Tines were as thick as they could conveniently grow ; and when I first saw them, about the year 17X0, had attained a considerable size. When I lust saw their, more than twenty years .iftcwards, they were large trees; Vet there was not a s'mgli pine, whose seeds were, or, probably, had for ages been, sufficiently near to have been planted on the spot. The fact that these white pines covered this field ex actly, so as to preserve both i;s extent and figure, and that there was none in the neighborhood, are decisive proofs that cultivation brought up the seeds of a former forest within the limits of vegetation, aud gave them an opportu nity to germinate. The regularity and limits of the process are entirely in consistent with the doctrine ol equivo cal generation. A respectable fafmer in Guilford in formed me, some years since, th .t SO years before the event, to w huh 1 prin cipally refer in this par.ignph, look place, his lather, while reaping a field of wheat, found a quantity ol chess ; which he directed his reapers to rtap also, and bind in bundles, to be carrit d home fur fodder. On the day when the w heat was carried home it w as in convenient to carry the chess : it was, (hi refore, thrown upon abaw k, or head land. The following night it was drenched w ith rain; and was finally left to rot upon the place. Thirty j ears after thi f.u t, the field having come by his father's death into the possession of my informant, it became necessary to make a new fence between that, and another bordering upon it ; but as a considerable numlnr of bushes had grovrn up upon the headlands, on both sides ; he concluded to remove the fence, and trcak up these headlands. The ground w as accordingly cleared, and ploughed ; and on the hpot w here the thess had been thrown, there sprung up a new crop of chess as even ly spread, as if it had been sown by a skillful hand. The Hon. Judge Reeve, of Litchfield, told me some years ago, that a farmer of his acquaintance having sown tur nips, and suflVrtd some of them to re main on a tt-Id, they produced seed the following year, which w as scattered on the ground. 1'or 25 years after wards; i. e. t" the time, when the fact was mentioned to me ; whenever this field was ploughed, turnips in consid erable numbers sprang up in this spot. Mr. Parker, an English gentleman from Yorkshire, who came some years since to the U. States, as the Agent from the merchants cf llnglmd to the Government of this country, informed me, that a tract of marshy grout. d on the Eastern coast of England had, some years before, been purchased by several gentlemen and drained. On the earth, w hi .h was throw n out of the ditches, cut thrdugh it, there spnng up a great quantity ot white mustard. As this plant had not been known to grow any where in the vicinity, within the remembrance cf any living man, its appearance excited much curiosity. After many schemes to account for it had been proposed, and rejected, it was found that, SOOytars before, white mustard had been extensively cultiva ted on the same spot by a colony of Dutch settlers. - I could easily add other instances to these; a number of which have fallen under my own observation ; hut it must be unnecessary. If seed will continue possessed of vegetative life for tw enty years, they may, unquestionably, con tinue possessed of it 200, 2.000, or 20,- COG. '2 brie cn, liitiifwic, be ii dif ficulty in assigning the cause of any phenomenon like that, which gave birth to this discussion. 77e &nik?rM It ha been decided in Kentucky, that the law which authorizes the imposing fines by a court martial, on ihe Shakers, for not attending ordinary musters. Is unconstitutional and void, as the rclhious tenets of that society forbid the m bearing ai ms ; and thr property seiz ed by the shei iR" for such tint s was restored. 1 lie law of that stale increasing the ju risdiuii.n of justices of the peiac, from five pounds to fifty dollars, ha also been declared unconstitutional, because it de prived the puty of trial by jury; tmd in i onsequence of this dei ision, the la vr w as amended so a to provide for a jury trial be Li e a justice of the peace. Vufj'jKaf LitcUigenccr, INTEIXHJKNCK. Hit toiiicH, the herald of a noisy world, New from all nution lninlring ut his back. f OKI !!. fcf.W-YOHK, JLLV 8. We have received by the Alciope Lon don papers of the morning of May 20th. Vr. Lushington had notified die House of Commons that he should on the 2Uth move for a committee on the duties upon the importation of certain articles into the iJiiiish colonies of North America and the West Indies. London, may 20. The French papers of Friday I7lh have arrived. The elections to the Chambers absorb every other interest in France Fiom the organization of the Electoral College cf l'aris, we have reason to infer that the left side will obtain the ascendant. Among the caudidates is M. Ternaux, the great manufacturer. Paris being the residence of the agent of government, and the focus of ministerial influence, (he result of its elections, if favorable to the liberal party, may be regarded as the gen era! feeling of France on the late pro ceeding of the Executive. I'AHIS, MAY IT. The Pope issaid.inalcttei from Rome, of April 21st, to be in a declining state. He fell fr m mere weakness on entering his clnanbcr, after holding the last con sistory. From the uncertain state of the nego tiation between Turkey and Russia, the diplomatic communication between St. Petersburg ai d Paris are watched with gieat arixieiv . An extraordinary courier arrived belt i voUav since, from St. Pe tersburg, wi !, ..fsp.tches. From a Liverpool Paper. At the ktti town meeting respecting pauperism, the great number of fiuhlic f,ouet was referred to as one great cause of this growing evil; they arc sutcd to amount to 127) in this town. It appears bom the Parliamentary Return of the last Session, that the whole number of licen ces for ale and spirits in Gieat Britain was 45,670, which, taking the population at 13,000,000, would make one public house to every 300 individuals, or to every 52 houses in the kingdom. In Manchester, Hirudin; ham, fliistol, and other large towns, the proportions are not much dif ferent. They arc as follow s UitMM. rui-ri.iTMi. la M.iurhestcr and Sa'.k)iI 333 la H;r.i,injjtam 401 9o,000 1 In Bristol 'I.M In Liverpool 1275 1 10,'JOO Dr. Willan. in his Report on Disc .scs, kc. says, ' on comparing my own obser vation with the Bids of MrUli:y, 1 nm convinced that (ontidtrabiy mure than our eighth (fall the tltutt w hich take place in person above 20 vem of tige, 'uppen prematurely through txcra in dr.nkng f.iri!a" nojiiisric. AWFl'L WAHXING. Natchez, jvkb 1 On the evening of the 25th tilt, a man by the n imo of W ii liam Clark, from Pittsburgh, und late of Uutoii Rouge, was killed by a stroke of lihtnin, on the bluff, in rrontof thi ci ty, while standing under a tree for shchcr. 1 his unhappy nisn had just been indulg ing in the most extreme profanity, insult ing the Majesty of Heaven in terms of wanton malignity, and amcngst other dreadful expressions, had just expressed a wih that the Almighty Cod would send a flash of ligntning from Heaven to sttike him to death. The thunder at this mo ment was raving, and the lightning flash ing through the Heavens in the most up pMlinc and terrific manner, mid in u few m..n,Mit thr hn.itii-.n- tnt,.-, ,i. h breathed anathemas against its Maker, and the eye that rud braved the veiigintr. Dash, lay stilled and closed in dc.th. lie. lay a scathed and withered corpse on the black ened earth; and his soul wus wafted on the red wing of the tempest, io plead for! mercy at the tribunal of that Deity so lately outraged and defied. How weak and how wicked arc the idle denuncia tions of man ; to revile, outrage his fellow man. is wicked ; to revile, to outrage and to defy his Creator, is horrible ! ! xonroLK.JVLY 1. Daring at.'ai'pt tit HrMirtj, and u'rath tf , the Hobicr. Mr. James V. Limglcy, a gentleman who it a luiive r.f thi n!jrr. I.ul lm ut present resides in Plymouth, (N. V.) in-1 ,n,Rnl so 'mHa' lhe help which could be rorms,tl.t on his wav here, on Thursday ;sPa,r(, r,0I ,he ,n a'cw last, about Mtnsct. in Gates count v, (N. C.H f,,rs ,0 ""H1 aml lofrk Br.numl ,he fulIs' about 36 miles probably from Suffolk, and j "1,m,t ,hrec rl),,rth, .of ,m!c' and ?l'cn u in a lather solitary road about ll vic miles lro:)i any house, while lei-urelv ruling aloi leclining in his ehidr, his horse was so. in nlv stepped by a stein negro fellow apparently six feet hih, reinatkably fat m tl.c l..re, ami pronaWy a6 or a years , tins morning, on board the iMtuubal, now of age, who .immediately ordered Mr. L. int the Narrows, bound to Livetpool. We to give tip his money or he would take his! have nevcrseen any thing more costly und life at the same time brandishing a long j magnificent tljan the cabin ornaments of two tdgeil knife and approaching Mr. L. j the II. Flic state rooms arc spacious, who continued to keen his seat in the j said the whole formed, either of niahoga thair. Mr. L. at first told the fellow tliat ny, or those elegant woods, maple, cber his trunk contained all his money, which jry, A-r. which are capable of a high and he might take ; but the fellow immediate- j beautiful polish. 1 he bannisters, leading ly replied that he "lied," for he knew lie 'from 'he deck to the great cabin, ure of lud other money, tut piocccdcd to unlashlmasshc trajs, bcating'a polish like gold; the trunk from the ear of the ch ,i i-.- While ho was busied in taking oil' the trunk, from the threats ho continued to tibt, Mr. L. found it prudent to take out a bundle of notes which he had in his pocket and hand it to him, requesting ,jm to open them and tell him the amount, lor he intended to publish the circum stance as soon as he reached Norfolk, which the fellow said he was welcbme to do, and to say that his name was Powi. While the fellow was in the act or over hauling the notes, Mr. L. being oil the time armed, (of which, however, tic ,.0,. ber had no suspicion) drew a pisty from under his coat behind, and shot him dead the contents of the pistol, consisting of 18 buckshot, passing through hi idc, under the short ribs and out near the spine. To confirm his daath, however, Mr. L. dismounted and gave him a blow Oi' two on the forehead with the butt of his pistol, secured hi trunk again in the rear of his chair, repossessed himself of bis money which Pomp had taken from him, and drove on. At a distance of about 2 1-2 miles from the place he met a couple of men on foot, to whom he communica ted the circumstances in part, but he did not care to relate all the particulars until he reached Suffolk, lest he should be de tained', which would have been a great detriment to him, he being anxious to get to this place. Mr. L. understood at a house at which he stopped the night previous to this ren countre, that some countrvmen, who were returning from market, had been robbed at the same spot by three runaway ne groes, which circumstance put Mr. Lang Icy mot e f vi 1 1 v on his guard, and gave him an opK)rtunity of displaj ing tlut pres ence ol nund wlm h so completely de feated the object of the robber, and to which he wus probably indebted for the salvation of his own life and property. 7W,. The list r.Jcnton Caette, from several (ir-ctinistancc-s, duuhts the truth oi the above nar rative ; lint no " grntlrmun," MC flioulil snpposi-, would publicly lend his numc to jpvc currency to m dejnii'Me a falsehood. It w ould he a ni:, uiig?nt!tiuuilij and wretched manutivrc tool.tuin a most tiiieiiviaMe celeliri'y. tr. cm. C1IAMLESTOS, JULY 2. Melanch'Jy .dccident. I.idy of this city and a maid tcrvant, while but hint; on Sunday night at Sullivan's Island, were m- fortunately drowned getting Into deeper water than they imagined. The body of la i.ooo , y)ie was recovered short time after lOO'KW i war('s' an(' K,cut ',,ut inePectual exertions the power of those picsent were unfor tunately used in vain. I he body of the servant was found yesterday. Caurirr. X TICA. K. V. JULY 2. Col. Brady, of 2d U. S. Infantrv, with 2 CO fine soldiers, have anived at liulLIo, land arc wailing the return of the steam j bo..t to take them to the new post S'botit to he established ut the falls of Si. M..ry, ut the outlet cf lake Supetior. Ihis desti in itio:) of one cf the battalions of the 2 esti- Wmcnt, ts most judn i..u measure on th p..rt of our jrovrrment. It wiil give security to un extensive fron'ier hereto fore unprotected, and so completely insu lated as tube, in the winter, when the navigation of the hkes is closed, entirely at the merry of 'he savages. In addition to which, we learn that Maj. lla.kcr. of the Gd L. S. Infantry, with a respectable detachment of that regiment, is to be im mediately stationed ut Saana Bav, a place ultimately destined to be the seat of government of u state which will pos sess grc-itrr ndvantjgcs than any inland stute in the Union ; having more than eiht bundled miles of its frontier Wash ed by navigable wners with a greater i xieut oi ien iiory man an .ew j-.ngiand r . . , V . 1 , . :r,bc ,l." '.1'' v of its ,an(Js .no,lc in the United States the lakes and tivei s which embrace it on three sides, aboun ding wiii the best fish that swim in ficsli water a healthy climate, and a choice of ci'llcr N-York or New Orleans for their markets. T here ate ulicady, fount dable military posts ot Mackinaw und Crccn I3..V. and a small gaii-on at Chica go. This liberal and wise disposition of frontier protection, will encourage emi gration into Michigan territory, and re munetate the general government bv pio moiing the sale of their lands. Would th United StHtes direct some of their ( n.ii.t lit elij;ineei s to joiii the aliiiuii at St. Mary's, after the necessary barracks and foitifirations are completed, they passage for vessels into Jake Superior. Si-titincl. -Vi'fi f'crtitiifal,'Yc steam boat Nau tilus will t.ikc the nusscniiers and visiters. a brass neat, highly ornamented, is at thn head of the cabin and the rudder, and two other conductors, passing through C.io cabin, near the windows, are encased in rich brass columns. Tho curtains to the state rooms are of crimson damask; and festoon of damask, with blue silk fringe and tassels, arc tastefully carried round the cabin windows, supported at each end by large anchors of rich burnished gold ; and the corners are also held up by gol den tridents. Rich llrusscls carpets, highly coloured landscapes, and other or naments, give a splendid appearance to the ship. She wus built and thus com pleted by our woithy fellow citizen John Flack, and is supposed to have cost 240,. 000 V. York Jwjur. The Editor of the Philadelphia Nation al CazcUc, in commenting on Mr. Jeffer son's second letter in reply to the " Nu live of Virginia," thus concludes s " Mr. Jefferson i now, we believe, iti hi7Gth year perhaps older. For sever al years past, he has not meddled with politics, but has been chiefly occupied with the improvement of the system of public education in his native state a no ble and most valuable purpose : his lei sure has been employed either in abstruse and elevated studies, creditable to the sci entific character of his couiitry, or in ex ercising a munificent and elegant hospi tality, extended with ccpial kindness and grace to his old political enemies and to strangers of every nation. Whoever is ac ijuainted with American History, must know how much he contributed to the ac complishment of our national indepen dence with what ability and repute he served the republic in the most critical ( ircunistancca, before the lime w hen the distinctions ot Federalist and Democrat were established and how largely he ad ded to the intellectual honours of tho American name, by hi writings and sci en 'ifk mciits. " These ure considerations which, join ed to that of bis great age a congenial and ii rcsis'iljlc one to every feeling hear; would seem of a nature to render any intrusion upon his tranquility odious to all generotu minds, und doubly odious tho truthless attempt to involve him and the lountiy in the disgrace implied iti tho charges of the " Native of Virginia," were. tl.Oie- hatgcs TO remain even undetet mined in public opinion, as to their truth or falsehood. It was Mr. Fox, wc believe, who said in the lbitisli House of Com mons " It is neither wise nor noble to keep up animosities forever. It is neither just nor candid to keep up animosity w hen the cause of it is no more. It is not compat ible with a generous nature to bear mal ice, or to live in ill will. Amicitix r.em pitcrnx, inimicitix placabiles Ltcrual friendship. placable enmities " "Franklin, Washington, Adams, Jef ferson, all the names in fact, which form the halo of the Aniciicaii name abroad, w ould be shorn of their beams and black ened for all lime, by the labo.s cf invete rate party rancor und personal enmity, did not history and the udm judgment of a new gencr.nion,nfu r paity contests have ceased, treat those labors with the dis trust or the contempt which they deserve Oblivion or scorn is their destiny : admi ration and glory, the lul of what they ato vainly employed to destroy." runM tuk nuaiinToN Mturt ar. If one half of the new s lately received from Tuikcy be true, there will be no necessity for the interference of Russia to expel the Mussulmcn from Europe, thrir empire will be ruined by the arms of the decks alone. I hessaly and Ma cedonia are, from their position and their population, of the greatest important e to 1 urkey, and an union of these provinces with the people of Mores and its neigh bourhood will go far to elTcct a complete imancipa'ion of the whole country from the sway of the Turks. Our last accounts speak, confidently, us to the truth of in suirectionary movements in those quar ters ; as also of the defection of some of the largest und lichestof the islands in the Aichipclago. Supposing these statements to be true, the whole population of the islands will be rfiscd against the present masters. An accession of so much weight would givo an entire superiority, on the sea, to the Creeks, while a complete facility would be secured to furnish the people of tho intetior with arms and supplies, from the sea ports that are every where to be found o:i the coast. When the islands and the ports upo once fairly in the hands of the Greeks the resources of the Turks will be so narrow , cd, und the war will be so harrassing to them and their alarms will be so perpetu al, that they will be ihown into a statu of distraction, and be able to act no where with effect. The position of Thessaly, placed be twecn the country immediately touching Constantinople and the Morea, complete ly isolates the latter, and in a state of al liance will secure it from any attacks. Thessaly is ulso a country admirably fitted for defensive war, being filled with defiles und passes, and covered with mountains that present excellent military positions. A successful movement in that country v,culd immediately put the important 'J
