iWtJ,yir.w.af.-0.
: ; u i u i
AKCfl.Il l!, flf JTfH ' gt Mil,
ryon 1 0, Afxlt'a af.ovy l.ocmS,
!ii r H I'uion'a mill,
Iir.rourM be nraih (1" f srn'l froMi
H wrtkJrei Lcnl.nJn (nt.
Arvl lfti lTe dark Infantine tr
Ami: Hi l.yViaa ilorV
""fitill labour t th oar, -. - -
- . .... --.j
frat eery cLma Vrucitli the slue,""
FrofAo'd lUry't!inJ:: '; .... .
"ITJ tryt rat cpm' -1inwf th7-
And shfcll ihcr W4 Ut va2 f
SLaJI of Wtk power pooKaa'A,
frEow ort enthral'
And ruUf from I brother rrtrt
A bWtaainf tpta to H f ;
Tt ' Oi'ii k U ytt not unpaid
, 111 (rum pmtfeihi
' Al kl WUrou deed H weighed
- la Htaren'i uneirinf KU.
And be the dark and ilcnt gnv
. lis gloomy J C,4M
And th Kens inaater and kb&Tt
AtkttnduitrtpoMt
Zach buntinf igh each kltttr ttsr,
EacU kotom'i tortured ktt,
HmJI hit h kUck amy appr
Ikke tk J'Mlgmcbt ieat.
Tie treit.U, tynnt of tht dy,
. And huddr 4 tbj duomi
tot know, tsIa man, thy till iy
Ii end J U th tomb.
Tbat bont. tk vrttcbt J ihav taplortt,
A tetKBKnt tl rttt,
" t Tltt kdi to iIiom Bnullrif iboni
Tb UUndt of Ih bkit !
aid Iarm,
run tttaxtok's NTBjTaa tcitiaiw.
Men are so constituted by nature,
nd th mutual - Intercourse between
them is such, that circumstances must
unavoidedly arise which will occasion
.. . fjiflrerencc.-r--rhee tlTercnccs will
occasionally rouse the passions and af
ter all they; will still be to be settled.
. t The Q iakers. like other -mep, haye
their difTcrences.; But yqujarejy see
, any diiurbnce of the temper on ihis
--BCCOljnt.Yoar,4,arelr hear intcmpcr
: .;?,te- inrcctiretryou ire itntfas: lo ho
. 7 'tlowa. If ia the course of law you
Jiave never aeen heir characters tain
; "ed by convictions, for a braech of the
. 'murriagt-contract, or, for the crime of
. adultery, so neither have you aeen
tuem tus jncea .pyLConviction oi oru
VlolrnCet or that mostarbarons of all
Gothic customs, the duel.
' It is a lamentable fact, when we con
'aider that we live in an age removed
. ,.. "f-yi i tightero- htindrtd years from
the 6rt promuigauonoi cnnsuamiy,
-. . , r t ? t
. - One Ot tne great onjecu or wnicn was
. to insist upon the subjogation of the
. ' passions, that our children ahould not
have been tetter instructed, than that
' . Ixri should now have to behold men of
- ' - . -. i
apparently good - f aucauon aeuung
- - the r disputea rv an appeal to arms.
- - It is difficult to conceive what prepos
rrerous ptinciples can' actuate men, to
..... ; . ce them tQ juc t moe 0f Jecia-
i , ion. Justice is the ultimate wish of
- - every reasonable man in the termina
tioo of his casual'difrercnce whh oth-
.- ,ers. But in the determination of cases
br the sword the injured man not un
. ' ' ; frequently falls, while , the, aggressor
aometimcs aaaa so pis uhcdcc-, oy ma
i kinsr a widor, or an orphan, and by
It If ooiaiblei thiduBht maf cace
that nTrddrm
AiaionuthiiancuviiarT. nature .Jlut
- surely he has noVber reputation with
,! - coud men than that of a .wretch, or .a
3avage,or an infatuated creature j and if
"he he U p1ltcir-bythKe-0n BO
other motive than that of his folly and
cf his crime. What philosopher can
' extol his courage, who, knowing the
' bondage of tlx mind while under the
dominion of fashion, believes that more
courage is necessary in refusing a chal
. Icnge thai in goinn into, the field ?
Vhat legislatnreccaa applaud, .his. pt
liotisro, when he sees him Viclate ihe
; lav 'of his ccmntry? What-Christian
'Iiii rtrtsnOn, when' he reflect on the
'.""relatiy'e duties rot man onrUie"Iaw of
love and benerolenie thnt should have
, gvided hfai, on the principles tht H ii
moie noble tc svffer than resist, and
on the circumstance, that hi may put
Jhimsclf icto the doubly crimiriar sifua
tift of a murderer and" a s uicide by
the same act? -" ;
' ' ' : - y : "f-y-
i r, an 1 in Out I the nrtrsMty f t'.e
.'j of 1I1C (anions, to ord f
iliJt Inward man miht be iff I f.t
state ti receive it admonitions, left to
ie Sxiety ft lrtrm of cJ-ieation,
which, ii BCttd uport, could hot fil of
roducmp peaceable and ngjtft tharac-
ten j but, foreseeing thai among the
est men d., Terences would unavoida-
ly ifrlse from their intercourse in bu
siness and other taut'S, it was hi tie
ire, that theie ahould be aettled In t
fore that no member khouM ppl lo'
art bat that be ahftuld relrr h oil-
feren'ce to arbitration by per inn t of ex
emplry tharacter in the Socitiy
-r-i ft . J !
Tm tmr3etf detiion anptared to hinrHinr dinVmKe, he is M by 4a-
to be tonaiitcot with the apirit of
Chriitlanity, and with the advice of
the apoitle Paul, who recommended
that all thft difference among the
Chrutian of In own time ahould be
referred to the deciaion of the aaint,
or of autb, other. Chriatiatia aa were
eminent for their lives and conve na
tion.
This mode of decltion, which began
to take place among the Qn4ker in
the time of Ueorge r ox, has been con
tinucd by them to the present day.
Gates where property la concerned to
the amount of m.ny thouiand, are
determined in no other manner, liy
this process the Quakers obtain their
veruict in a way peculiarly samiacio -
ri for laW'Suits are at beat tediou.
lhey often desm y brotherly love in
the individuals white they continue.
They excite also, during this time, not
unfrequently, a Vindicative spirit, and
lead to family-feud and quarrels.
They agitate the minds alio, hurt the
temper, and disqualify a man for the
proper exercise of his devotion. Add
to this, that the txprnecs of law arc 1 hey are built to last forever, and in
frequently so great, that burthens are consequence f there biing scarcely a
imposed upon men for matters of little particle of wood In the while (abiic,
consequence, which they feel as evils are fire proof. Thr stair steps arc
and incumbrances for a portion of marble, the railing and hallustiadcs of
their livcst burthens, which guitt atone, iron and brass, and the floors of mar-
and which no indiscretion could have ! ble or tile. The triors are phtcd over
merited. Hence the Quakers experi-' witHTsr ret iron or c per, and the win
encc advantages in the settlement of dows are like those oi a piiton, v.ith
their differences which are known buUout shutters, and secured by strong
to few others.
The Quakers, when any difference
arises about things that are not of seri
ous moment, gcncrelly settle it arnica
bTy"betwecn" themselves; tut in mat
ters that ore intricate and of weighty
concern, they have recourse! irrb-itraJ
lion." If -Tt should happen that they
are slow in proceeding to arbitration,
overseers, or any others of the Society,
who may come to thelnowledge of the
circumstance, are to step in and to of
fer their advice. If their advice be
rejecTcd.-rmTTpltrtt4s-tu lx madetala-JiCiUac. while here one million is not
their own mommy meeting concerning
them, after which they will come un
der the discipline of the Society ; and
if they still persist in refusing to settl
their differences of' to proceed 'to 'IN
bitration, they may be disowned. I
may mention here, that any member
going to law with another, without
having previously tried to accommo
date matters between them, according
to the rules of the Society, comes un
der the decipline in iha like manner.
When arbitration is determined up
mj the Quakers are enjoined to apply
to persons of their own Society to de
cide the case. It is considered, how
ever, desirable, that they should not
trouble their ministers if they can help
it on these occasions, as the minds of
these ought to be drawn out as little
as possible into worldly concerns. If
Quakers, however, ahould not find
among Quakers such as they would
chose
oiucKlain
to the matter in dispute, they may ap
ply wjoiKcis.nut of the Society;- sop.nf ;
er than go to law.
The following is a concise statement
of the rules recommended by the Soci-
ihe case of atbitratiuiiy:
Each party is to choose one or two
friends as arbitrators, aid all the per
sons so chosen are to agree mpon a
third or fifth The arbitrators are not
to consider themselves as advocates
for the party by whom they were cho
sen, but as men whose duty it is to
judge righttQUlY &anrtg .the. Lord.'
The parti' are tt enter mto engage
ments to abide py the awarcl oi the ar
bitrators. E ve'rv mecline of the ai bi-
trators is to be made known to ihe par
ties concerned, till the'y have been -fully
.beard. Kp private ' meeting are
allowed between some of the arbitra
tora, or with one party separate from
this' other. on the businea refernd to'
LheiV No fc presentation of the case
of one party, either by writing or oia
t I
i
1
V. !
,t
Let
f r 4 i f, i
, . f,tn0a m ,!,- ol'.tr.Uru fl0i U.cm, f.a.f occn -rt
irm uiont ii t he delivered t i?c th
cr tarty,, 'Pi ttur atnr are to hear
bufa part'.r fully in the frcirnce of
rack oiher, whilst cither hal any frth
matter to tlTir, for time mutually
limited. In the caie of any douhtfu!
jKiat nf law, tbfi irUitartora are jointly
to agree upon ft ce, and to comalt
ceutoiel. It It recommended to irbi-
tratora t prowie to the partiei that
thej ihould give o atknow tdgement
thanhe J Jv candidly and fully
Ii th aaxne manner, aa av (tiakcr
proceed with a Quaker in the caie of
who are not members of the same So
IMII PIIU Bmww I" r '
ciety. A Quaker seldom joes to law
,'ith rraoii df another denomination.
till ha ha crowned arbitration. If
the propoal be not accepted, the Qua
lllX l'l Jr mt wv w' vj--
kcr na then no remedy but the law.
For a peraoa who i out of the Socie
tv cannot be obliged upon pain of di-
ownment, at a Quaker may to ubmit
to auch a mdr of drc'uioo, being out
of the reach of the Quaker dctipline.
CITV OP MEXICO
Hie following account of the appearance cf
U city of Mciiu), by an American citUrn, lio
j baa recently returned from a vi.it to that coun-
1 uy, ucopa-a inim m Mmway Htwrr,
i he architetlure ol Mexico is truly
splendid, and the building maative be
vond conception. Jlouse of from six
j to seven hundred feet square and oct u
( pied by a single Umily are not uncom
mon. i heir wa.u are an oi roicanic
tone, well phistertd over and white
r. it ir I
washed, and man) Of the houies beau-
tilully painttd without and within.
grates of iron
I hesc wondeiful buil
dings, togeihrr with the great regular
ity and wid' mss of the streets, their
eleg.nt pavement and fine sewers gve
lo the city an appearance which as far
surpassed my expectation as the coun
try aftTunrl fell Mow iC The ch irch
Mir' Kaj fi.m trtr ntw lnr4 -iinrta.
faced in any pnrt. Thcfe sptendid Ca-
thedral cost the work of ninety years
conirant labour.- O-e hundred thous
and dollars is, in our countiy, thought
an extravagant price for the building of
untrtquentiy expenueu. in snort,
there is no city in the world that can
compare with it in number of fine buil
dings. It is true, that in magnitude it
fallr far below many: oitua o the. old
world, and is probably but little supe
rior to that of Philadelphia and'Ncw
Yi rl ; though, notwithstanding, it has
the advantage of all others in one res
pect, there not being an indifferent buil
ding in it.
The city has a permanent population
of one hundred and thirty-seven thou
sand ; one fourth of w hich have no hab
itation, but pass their existence in the
open streets. At present there is a
temporary influx, probably of one thnu
aand of the latter description of pop
ulation. The valley of Anahauch, of which
Humboldt speaks as being so spacious
and well cultivated, is scarcely entitled
to the name of a valley,' It is a nar-
ro w "strip of cQUJwrY, closelv Jboidercd
withhilif
vokaaicrocks.andbarrenands. There
lOwtMeT.
thcr on the hills nor in the valley, near
the city. Nor is-this owing to the
lands being uncultivated, (for there is
tnore Tjiarr one half 'uniittabte) but to
the extreme sterility of the soil, which
in, many places consists of dry sand i
and as there are eight months in the
year during which it never rains,
whatever little vegetation there is, be
comes as dry as a crisp. The Indians
pack brambles, coal and mule's dung
the: distance of many leagues upon
their backs,' and sell it as fuel fori cook
ing f for the inhabitants make no other
use of fire, there not being a chimney
nor fire place in the empire.
Mexico at this time exhibits a scene
of h orror and human degradation.-
The street are throughout the day
crowded with beggars, and at night
...110511$ and assassins The
mines in cousequence of the violence
of the goYcrnfnent, and rapacity of.theJ
A, ..'frjwI.JiciicJcnall t.e VTfa'.ih U-
1 - I I - . .,.1, rl
d.:
r.i.f cri r'ning citlist c f the couMry,
luve left it, and carried with tmu.tir
rnhhi while others mho have money
tut have called it in, and hoard it (or
safe keeping j thus leaving the country
almost without money, and reducing
many to acts they would scorn n Del
Ur times.' Colonels and priests are,
now to be found among the most im
portunate beggars.
Intellectual cultivation is also at a
low ebb and has been greatly inferior
towKat we fcavebefn Jedtobfjieif.
Upon my inquiring of an inuliigent
fj-iend f omctime tesident io the city,
and ho is.writlng ihe history of the
country, what the present state of in
ttlUUual andjnor.il impro vtxn CDiw is,
and whether it had ever been such as
described by Humboldt, he answered
me ss follows: M Baron Humboldt's
History of New Spain, abstracted from
his mathematical demonstrations, his
statistics and philosophical obscrva
tions. mav be compared to the pictnre
of a deformed object j unless, indeed,
the physical a well as intellectual cha
racter of the country, has since he
wrote been totally subverted. Ab&ut
84 in 100 persons," continued he are
natives and casts of different grada
tions; 80 in 100 may read, a smaller
number may write. Born; bred and
educated in'.the grossest idolatry, a lib
erat. sound sense of religion is un
known ; and when I have proposed t
the clcigy the gratuitous distribution
of the lloly Evangelists, to the extent
of a thousand copies, 1 have been told
that th book was interdicted, and it
was c-baerved that th people were
more hannv in iznorance. Assassina-
tions are common in the streets, yet 1
have not heard of a punishment nor
complaint.
Notw ithstanding the number of the
aged, the blind, the decrepid and maim
ed of all ages, sex and colours, who in
fest the streets for alms, 1 hear ol ro
chrr'r.able innitut'mn for their relief;
and the expression of pity, compassion
or humanity, has never struck my ears
from man cr woman. Aa o- HHHi-
geme, what can be expected from a
people secluded from the world and
proiiibilcd the use- of books! Will
mere scholastic acquirements, scatter
ed with a sparing band, convey to the
mind useful knowledge or practical in
formation ? Not nineiv In one hundred
are buried in theprofoundest ignorance,
w ithout ' faofiiiir mhners, or a ray of
intellectual - improvement. Thtfts,
Wwhood, fraud, gambling,
tion, are familiar, .and ex.
and forni-
xcite neither
disgust or horror, and with the exeep
tion'of the first and third imputations,
pervade all ranks ana professions, from
tht purplcd bishop and the bespangled
jn-uqofK.T, down to the strollioe men
dicant. Can 'such a beniehted race
jtep suddenly into a free and represen
tative government ; the bases ot which
are moral principle, intellectual light,
private virtue; and public spirit -l-A las J
1 roust negative the proposition
raox tki rxactr ixirnoTti.
Ua.YLn .UIRHOHS.
Many, have questioned the fact re
corded by several historians, concern
ing the surprising effects of the burn
intj mirrors cf Archimidcs, by means
of which the Homan ships besieging
Syracuse were burnt to ashes. Des
cartes particularly discredited the sto
rv, as fabulous ; and with five mirrors
of the same size, placed in a frame, he
contrived to throw the ravs reflected
from them to the same spot, at the dis
tance of more than a. hundred feet;
and by this means he produced such a
.decree of hcatavled him to conclude
ihatj.liy increasing, their number,. Ivr
couM"a vJ e
AtantesliFa
wise made a voyage to Syracuse, in
company with his pupil, Schottus, in
order to examine the place of the sup
posed transaction ; and they were both
of opinion that the galleys of Marcel-
lus could not have beep more than thir
ty paces from Archimides.
P rod us is also said to have destroy
ed the navy of Vitalian, besieging By
zantium, by means of burning glasses.
Among the moderns, the most re
markable mirrors have been those. oi
Magtne ; of Septala of Mibm, which
was nearly three feet and a half in di
amctef arid which burnt at the dis
tance of fifteen or sixteen paces j of
Vilctte and Tschiruhausen j the new
complex one of M. Buffon that of
Trudaine, and that cL rarker. .
La Brocquiere, a traveller of the fif
teenth century, sayi, that at Damascus
they make mirrors of steel that mag
nify objects like burping glassesand
tr.e f,f t! ti.uj; Jtt'.i$ ,i v.
ted ti e beat so stici 'Jf it t . t I;
to a pl-f.k f.ftceo or s'uum f ; c t i'uUi.u
M, LufTun corntruUcij a i..4t!.ir.i
Consisting of ft nun.bcr mirrors, ly
which he sefms to l ava rcvivea tr.e
secret of Artl.imiJi s, and to hve rin
dicaied the credit cf l.iitory ia this
point. The experiment was first tried
with twenty-four mirrors, which rea
dily set on re a combustible matter
' r . . t 1 11 .
preparcu oi pitcn anu tow, iiu va a
deal board at a distance of sixty-six
French feet. He then further pursu
led the attempt, and put together kin d
of rK.l)hedron,coDisiuig of. ona hun
dred ana sixtyeigni pieces or pianq
Wwgghn;iUh six intht'f quare i '
- ' j -i u u .t I- . r
and by means 01 mis, some ooarus ui
beachwood rfkL,clJ,n re ',
lance of a Kundretl anTfifiyTett sndT
a silver plate was melted at the dis
tance of sixty feeu This machine, ia
the next stage of its improvement, con
tained three hundred and sixty plane
mirrors, esch eight inches lon and six
broad mounted on a frame eight feet
high and seven feet broad. Wills
twelve of ihese mirrors light combus
tible matters were kindled at a distance
of twenty feet j with forty-five of them
at the same distance, a large tin vessel
was melted" j and with a hundred and
seventeen, a thin piece of silver. When
the whole mschinc was emploved, all
the metals and metallic minerals were
melted at the distance of twenty-five
and of forty feet, M. Buffon afterwirda
consti ucted a machine, which contain
ed four hundred mirrors, esch sit in
ches square, with which he could melt
lead and tin at the distance of one hun
dred and forty feet.
But the most powerful burning mir
ror ever constructed was that of Mr
Parker, an eminent glass manufactu
rer in Fleet-street ; it was made a fear
years ago by Mr. Pcen, an ingenious
artZiii who lived at Islington. He
erected an out building at the bottoca
of his garden for the purpose of Car
rying on his operations ; and at length
succeeded in producing the roost pow
erful burning lens that have ever been
known. Its diameter was three fectr
and the completing it, with its necessa
ry apparatus, is said to have cost hit
employer, Mr. Faiker, upwards of
700. Its powers were astonishing j
the most hard and solid substances of
the mineral world, as platna,iron, steel,
flint, sterner txcrwere melted in a few
seconds, on being exposed to its im
mense .focus, , A diamond, ' areFghing"
ten grains, exposed to this lena for thuv
ty mibutea, was reduced to six grains
during which operation it opened
and roliated like the leaves ot a tiQwer.
and emitted whitish fumes ; when clo
sed again it bore a polish, and retained
its form. Ten cut garnets, taken from
a bracelet, began to run into each nth
f r in "a fe W cenn ds,"and at last formed
one globular garnet. The clay used
by Mr. Wedgewood to make his py
romeiric test, run in a few seconds in-
to.a. u)iite,eoamel ;,and .several speci-
m a 't a !".
mens oi lavas ana otner volcanic pro
ductions, on being exposed to the focua
of the lens, yielded to i s power.
A subscription was proposed in Lon-,
don, for raising the sum of seven hun
dred guineas, towards indemnifying
the inventor for the expense he had in
curred in its Construction, and. retain
ing his curious and useful machine in
England, but from the failure of the
subscription, and some other concur
ring circumstances, Mr. Parker waa
induced 0 dispose of it to Captain
Mackintosh, who accompanied Lord
Macartney in the embassy to China;
and it was left, much to the regret of
the phibsophers Jn, Europe, ar Pekin
where it remainsin the handspf personJj,
value nortise
, , THE WISDOM OF GOD
When we view that immense struc
ture of the universe in which we dwell ;
when we think of him, whose wisdofiT
has planned the system of being ; whose
mind comprehends, whose counsels di
rect the whole course of eventstfrom
the beginning to the end of time, by
whom nothing is so inconsiderable as to
be overlooked, or so transient as to be
forcotten : who attends to the concerns
of the poor roan inhis couage-whilc.
he is steering the sun and tne. moon in
their course through the heavAa; into
what astonishment and self annihilation
do we fall; before him all our boasted
knowledge is ignorance, and pur wis
dom is folly. Wherever we castbureyes.
on his works and way s, we find all things
adjusted in nimhcr, weight and meat
we: nd after all that we can aurrey,
Iq .' these are but a part of his ways ; and
how small a portion has heard of hint
-I