" ijip'r TTrrrv) T;.t ,ri To n-
"SAMHl'iUnV.'
VOL.
238.
)7
tSIITIS H)iUlH SflSf TCMf
1:2 jjhno rartr.
Tht Umi of tlit Weaker CaroEnlan will
hereafter be M follows r 7rw iTafluri 7af,
of thitJilor) until U amarajTs'sit i(r;'
a - - - - - a. :n . j . . .
per square ior io nr inaemon, ana wp4M
ccnU for each subsequent one, . '
v
AU letter addrsaacd to th EJ'itor, aiuft b
ptl-ptdJ, or tbtf viU not bo attended to, .
eencrrw.
IN SENATE. v
"Monday, Dec, 5A.This beingUhe
day fixed for the second lemon of the
eighteenth Congress, Mr. Gaillard,
president pro tempore, to the absence
of the Vice-President, took the chair j
sad the roll betog called over, it ap
peared that 33 members were prrient.
A committee wa appointed, jdint
if, with such committee at the Howe
t( Representatives might appo int, to
wait oo the Prerident of the United
Statesand inform him that the two
Houses were aasembhrd, and ready to
receive any commuuicatioq be anight
have to make, .
imrrtp n bvpuiracitt intaa J,..
At 12 o'clock (hit day, the Speaker,
(lion. Merry ClayJof Ky.) took the
chair, and the roil being called, 180
members aniwered to their name.
A committee was appointed on the
part of this house, to join with the
committee on the part of the S n .te,
to wait on the President of the U. S.
and informed him that a quorum of
both houses were assembled, and reaJ
dy to receiveVarly communication he
mar have to make to them.
Mr. Mitchell, of Md. offered the
following resolution:
Pefhtd, Tbat tlie Hon. the Speaker, invite
our diatiniruialied KUeit and bcnrfaitor, Gener
al LA FAYETTE, to a seat within tho Hall of
this Houe, and that he direct the manner of hit
reception.
I nia resolution gave rise to some
debate as to what would be the mnt
proper mode of expressing the respect
fch in this Houtf, towards this
- a a a a
trtous individual, which resulted in
the adoption of the following resolu
tion, proposed by Mr. A. Stevenson,
as a substitute lor tne other :
Xefhtd, That a committee be appointed on
the part of tliii House, to join such committee as
nay be appointed on the part of the Senate, to
consider and report .what rrapectful mod it may
be proper for ConK aa-M adopt to rrccave ben.
LA FAYETTE, and to Urtifr the rery hirh
gratification which he has afforded it by nit
present visit to the the United State, made in
pursuance of the invitation given t? him by
Congress during ita last session.
The committee was appointed, to
consist, on the part of this House, ol
13 members, viz: Messrs, Mitchell,
A. Ste venaon,- Livingston, Storrs,
Trimble, M 'Lane, of Delaware, Web-
sterj, Mallair.JIngham, ForsvthA Man
gum," MTDumc and Eddy.
The committee appointed to wait on
the President, reported, that he would.
to-morrow, at 12 o clock, make his
communication.
Tuetday. Dec. 7th. The President
f thc-UaUed-Suus-uansmitud, this
lay ,Jo botn Houses of Congress, the
oitowing u-
lUv-Citizmi the Senate,
mnd $f the Mmtr 0 ltrpretentahvtt 1 ,
The view which 1 have now to pre-
ent to yon, of our flairs, foreign and
iomestic, realizes the most sanguine
nticipations which have been entei-
ained, of the public prosperity. It
've look to the whole, our crowih. as
nation, continues to be rapid beyond
sample : if to the states which com-
ose it, the same eratifyinff specticle
s exhibited. . .Our expansion over the
ast territory within our limits; has
ten great, without indicating any de-
time In ihm. wr:inni frttm wnirh thf
w w 1 1 . a . v u . n a
mifjTation has been most consnicuous.
JVVaveailratnecTTrenelhTby a
riative population, in every quarter : a
population devoted to our happy sys
kern of government, and cherishing the
Noona nf union with fraternal affection.
Experience has nlrradv shown, that
pe difference of climate, and of indue.
I'fy proceeding from that cause, Jnsep-
u' 'r0tn 6,c1 vast doma,n8 anQ
hich, underother systems, mijht
nave a r.n.,l.v.,. ...j . r -,i
produce with us under wise regula-
- iu9ii. iiiiuEiivy, vaiuiiwk ii
", tne opposite effect. What one
ration wants, the other my supply,
and this will be most sensibly felt by
the psrtl most distant from each other,
forming thereby a domestic msrket,
and an active intercourse between the
extremes, and through every portion
--;-J .!,, 11 , Wy happy dis
tribution of power between the.Na
112,1.'' Stoto Governments r fror.
the sovereignty of the people, and are
fully adequate to the great purposes
for which they were respectively insti
tuted, causes which might otherwise
lead to dismemberment, operate pow
erfully to draw us closer together, In
every other circumstance, a correct
view of the actual state of our Union,
most be equally gratifying to our con
stituents. Our relatione with foreign
powers are of a friendly character, al
though certain interesting differences
remain unsettled with some. Our
revenue, under the mild system of im
post and tonnage, continues to beade-
quate U all the purposes of the gov-
crtimeot. Our agriculture, commerce.
manufactures, and navigation flourish.
Our lortiScatior.e are advancing in the
degree authorized by existing appro
priations, to m tuntv I and due pro-
the Navy, to the limit prescribed Tor
it by law. For these blessings we owe
to Almighty Cod, from whom we de
rive them, .and with profound rever
ence, our most grateful and unceasing
acknowledgments;
In adverting to our relations with
foreign powers, which are always an
object of the highest importance, 1
have to remark, that of the subjects
which have been brought into discus,
aion with them, during the present ad
ministration, some h-ve been satisfac
torily terminated j others have been
suspended, to be resumed hereafter,
under circumstances more favourable
to success ; md others are still in nego
tiation, with the hope that they may
be adjusted, with mutual accommoda
tion, to the interests and to the aatis
faction of the respective parties. It
hat been the Invariable otjttt vf Oils
government to cherish the most friend
ly relation with every power, and on
principles and conditions which might
make them permunert. A systematic
rff'rt has been made to place our com
merce, with each power, on a footing
of perfect reciprocity j to aettle with
each, in a spirit of randur add liber
ality, all existing differences, and-to
anticipate and remove, so far as it
might be practicable, all causes of fu
ture variance.
It having been stipulated, by the
seventh article of the Convention of
Navigation and Com merer, which was
concluded On the 24th of June, 1 822,
between the United States and France,
thartbc .sid-Convention slvutld eon
tinue in force for two years from the
first of October of that year, and for
on indcGuite term afterwards, unless
one of the parties should declare its
intention to renounce it, in which
event it should cease ti operate at the
end of stxlhonths from such declara.
tioni- and no such; intention haylnghrade. in the VC8eU:oi-bSthDa.rtie8J
been announced, the. Convention hav.
ing been foui d advantageous to both
partier, it has since remained, and still
remains.
in full force. At the
time
when that convention was concluded,
many interesting subjects were left
unsettled, and particularly our claims
to indemnity for spoliations which
were committed on Our commerce in
the late wars. For these interests
and claims, it was in the contemplation
of the parties tbmake provision at a
subsequent day, by a more comprehen
sive and definitive treaty. The ob
ject has been duly attended since, by
the LxecutiVe, but as yet it has not
been accomplished. It is hoped that
a favorable nnp-ortunity will present
iTselfTor opening a negoc.ahon, which
may embrace and arrange all existing
differences, and every other concern in
which they have a common interest,
upon the accession of the present Kipe
of France, an event which has occur
red since the last session of Congress.
With Great-Britain, our commer
cial intercourse rests on the same foot
ing that it did at the last session. By
the convention of 181 5, the commerce
between the United States and the
British dominions, in Europe, and the
East .Indies, was arranged on a prin-
dote of 'reciprocity. The conveation
was confirmed and centinued4n tree,
with alight exceptions by a ttibsefuent
treaty, for the term of ten years, from
the 20th of October, If If tke dite of
the latter. The trade with tie Iritish
coleoiei in the Wm I.Jitai ot,i
Vrt. -ranged by tmw or
ofnerwise, to our latisfactioaA An
approach to that result baa beet node
by. legislative acts, whereby sny.
nouJ impedimenta which had beenri.
aed'by.tbc parties, in defence of they
respective claims, were removed. Afc
earnest desire exists, and has been
manifested, on the part of this rove re
ment,4o place the commerce with ih
colonies, likewise, on a footinr of re
. -
ciprocal advantages, and it ia hoped,
i i t M ,n government, seeing
me justice oi tne proposi, and its im
portance to the colonies, will, ere long,
accede to it, .
The Commissioners who were an.
pointed for jhe adjustment of the boun.
dary between the territories of the U.
States and those of Great Britain, spe
cified in the fifth article of the Treaty
of Ghent, having disagreed in their
decisioo'j and both governments hav
lna; grv4 sw tblih that boundary,
Of -citable negotiation between them,
it is hoped that it may be aatishctorilv
aojusted in that mode. The btundirv
specified bv the sixth article, h. been
established, by the deeiaion f
commissioneri Vr. A
commissioners. frtm the Droaress
made id thaevorovided f. k ...
seventy according 104 report recently
received, there ia good cause to pre
sume' that it will be settled in th.
course of the ensuing year.
It is a cause of serious regret, that
no arrangement has vet been hnallv
concluded between the two covern.
w
ments, to secure, by joint co-operation.
the suppression of the slave trade. It
was the object of the British envern-
ment, in the early stages of the nego-
nation, to adont
aciopt a plan tor the sup
which should include the
press ion,
concession of
the mutual ritht of
search, by
the snips 01 war fjr cam
party, of the vessels of the other, (or
suspected, offenders. This was objec
ted to by this government, on the prin
ciple that as the right of search was a
right of war, cf a belligerent towards
neutral nower. it micbt have an ill
cff.ct to extend i', by treaty, to an of.
fence which had been made compara
tively mild to a time of peace. Anx
ious, however, for the suppression of
! ... 1 . 1 i.. j. .i.i
tms traae, 11 was inougni auvisauie, m
compliance with a resolution pt the
House of Representatives, founded on
an Act of Congress, to propose to the
British -government an expedient,
which should be free from thatobjec
tion, and more effectual for the ob-
jectr-by making it- piratkaL-: la thai
mcue, me enormity 01 mc crime wouiu
place the offenders out of the protection
of their government, and involve no
question of search, or other question,
between the parties, touching their re
spective rights. Jit was believed, also,
that it would completely suppress the
and by their respective citizens and
subjects in those of other powers, with
whom, it was hoped, that the odium
which would thereby be attached to it
would produce a corresponding ar
rangement, and by means thereof, its
entire extirpation forever. A con
vention to this effect was concluded
and signed in London, on the thir
teenth day of March. 1824, by plcni
notentiaries dulv authorized by both
governments,
to the ratification of
which
which
certain obstacles have ariser,
are not yet entirely removed.
The differences between the parties
still remaining, has been, reduced to s
point, not of sufficient, magnitude; a
isjre sumedjtobepei ;mjttedjod e feat
an object so near to the heart of both
nations, and so desirable o the. friends
of humanity throughout the world.
As objections, however, to the princi
ple recommended by the House of
Representatives, or at least to the con
sequences inseparable from it, and
which are understood to spplv to the
law, have been raised, which may de
serve 41 reconsideration of the whole
subject, I have thought it proper to
suspend the conclusion of a new con
venf.on until the definitive sentiments
of Coneress may be ascertained- The
4
documents relating to the negotiation,
are,
wiui mat intent, lubm ttrd th
your consideration.
Our commerce with irdrn I...
been placed oa footing of perfect reci-
procur, or treaty l and with It,...;.
my HHWiw-.') ....,:?
flinseatie Cities, the Dukedoms ol
Oldenburg and Sardinia, by internal
regulations on each side, founded on
mutual agreement, between the respec
tive roteroments. '
The principles upon which the com
mcrcial policy of the United States is
founded, are to be traced to an early
Iperioe. They are essentially connec
ted with those upon which their tnde
pendeice was declared, and owe their
origin to the enlightened men who
took tbe lead inpur affairs at the im
porta nt epoch. They are developed
in ther first treaty of commerce with
France, of the 6th of Febuary, 1J78,
tod by a formal commission which was
instiiu cd immediately after the con-
dusios of their revolutionary struggle,
for the purpose of negotiating treaties
f commerce with every Eurbpeao
power. The first treaty of the United
States with Prussia, which was negoti
ated by that commiaainiuff.Ji.
nl :iluraiin of tbose principles.
The act of Congrert of the 3d of
March, 1815, adopted immediately af-
& e rCtUr ' ? ' W" '
eW O l fre'Sn ntUnt t0
eatablish our commercial relations with
.u u.-.. r i j
them, on the basts of free and equal
reciprocity.- j hat principle has per
vaded all the acts of Congress, and all
the negotiations of the Knccutive on
the subject since.
A avuilon for the settlement of
important questions, in relatiou to the
North-West' Coast of this continent
and its adjoining seas, was concluded
and signed at St. Petersburgh, on the
flay 01 last, by the Ministers
Plenipotentiary of the United States.
and Plenipotentiaries of the Imperial
government of Russia. It will imme
diately be laid before the Senate, for
the exercise of the constitutional au-
its ratification. It is proper to add,
that the manner in which this negotia
tion was invited and conducted, on the
part of the Emperor, has been very
satisfactory. '
The great and extraordinary chan
ges which have happened tn the gov
emmenti of Spain and Portugal, with
in the last two years, without sciius
ly affecting the friendly relations
which, under all of them, have been
maintained with those powers by the
United States, have been obstacles to
the adjustment of the particular sub
jects of discussion which have arisen
with each. A resolution otthe oenate,
adopted at their last session, called for
information,, as ta the. effect-produced
opon our relations with Spain, by the
rccognization, on the part of the Unt
ied Stales, of the independent South
American government. 1 he pupers
containing that information are now
communicated to Congress.
A Charge d Affaires haa been re-
ctived-froan.lheindependent govern
ment of Brazil. That country, here
tofore a colonial possession of Portu
gal, had some years since1 been pro
claimed, by the sovereign of Portugal
himself, an independent kingdom.
Since his return to Lisbon, a resolu
tion in Brazil haa established a new
government there, with an imperial ti
tle, at the head of which is plared the
Prince in whom the regency Mi ad been
Vested, by the king, at the time of his
departure. There is reason to expect.
that by amicable negotiation, the inde
pendence of Brazil will ere long be
recognized by Portugal herself.
With the remaining powers of Eu
rope, with those on the coast ol Bar.
baryndith.allihe--ewSouth 1
American states, our jylatioas are of
a friendly character. AVe have'minis-
ters Plenipotentiary residing with the
republics of Colombia and Chili, and
have received ministers,' of the same
rank, from Colombia, Guatimala, Bue
nos Ayres and Mexico. Our com
mercial relations, with all those states,
are mutually beneficial and increasing.
With the republic of Colombia, a trea
ty of commerce has been formed, of
which a copy is received,, and the ori
ginal daily expected. A negotiation
for a like treaty, would have been com-
rnenced with Ducnos Ayres had it not
been prevented by the indisposition
and lamented decease of Mr, Rodney
our minister tbefeTand to whose mem
ory the roast respectful Vtttentlon haa "
kenowby the government of that
in ourtteaty witVTunTs7Kasirrouo
gained, by our consular agent residing
there, the official document of which
when received will be laid before tha
Senate.
. The attention of the government bil
been drawn with great solicitude to
dther subjects, and particularly to that
relating to a state 01 maritime war, in
volving the relative righte of neutral
and belligerent in lucb wars. Most
of the difficulties which we have ex
perienced, and of the losses which w
have sustained, since the establishment
of our independence, have proceeded
Irom the unsettled state of those rights,
and the extent to which the belliger
ent claim has been carried against the
neutral party. It is impossible to look
back on the occurrences of the late
wars in f.urope, and to behold the dis
regard which was paid to our rights
ss a neutral power, and the waste
which was made of our commerce by
the parties to those wars, by varloti
acts of their respective governments,
and under the pretext by each that the
other"had set the example, without
great mortification, and a fixed pur
pose never to submit to the like in fu
ture, An attempt to remove those
causes of possible variance, by friend
ly negotiation, and on just principles,
which should be applicable to all par
ties, could, it was presumed, be view
ed by none, other than as a proof of
an earnest desire to preserve those re
lations with every power. In the late
war between France and Spain, a cri
sis occurred in which it seemed proba
ble that all the controvertible princi
ples, involved in such wars, might be
brought into discussion, and settled to
the satisfaction of all parties. Propo
sitions having this object in view, have
been made to the governments of Great
powers,
friendly msnner by all, but as yet no
treaty has been formed with either for
its accomplishment. The policy dl
it ia presumed, be persevered in, with
the hope that it may be successful. v
It will always be recollected, that
with.one of the parties to those wars,
and from whom we received those in-
. ,..
juries, we sotignt reuress oy war.
From the other, with whose tnen
rrigning government our vessels were
seized in port, as well as at sea, and
their cargoes confiscated, indemnity
has been expected, but has not yet
been rendered. It was under the influ
ence of the latter that our vessels were
likew'rae seized by the governments of
Spain; Holland, Denmark, Sweden
and Naples, and from whom indemni
ty has been claimed, and is still ex.
pec ted, with the exception of Spain,
by whom it has been rendered. With
both parties we had abundant cause of
war, but we had no alternative but to
resist Uat-wbch-was-mc4t-powerfttl-at
sea, and pressed us nearest at, home.
With this all differencea were settled
by a treaty founded on conditions fair
and honourable to both, and which haa
been so far executed with perfect good
faith. It has been earnestly hoped,
that the other would, of its pwn ac
cord, and from a sentiment of justice
and conciliation, make tn our citizens
the idemnity to which they are enti
tled, and thereby remove, from our
relations, any just cause of discontent
on our side,
his estimated that the receipts into
the Treasury durinir the current year
exclusive of loans, will exceed 818 '
500,000, which, with the sum remain-
year, amounting; to j59.463.922
81, will, after discharging the current
disbursements of the yesr, the inter,
est on the public debt, and upwards
of. $1 1,500,000 of the principal, leave
a balance of more than three milliona '
of dollars on the first day of January
next.
A large amount of the debt con
tracted during the late war, bearing
an interest of six per cent, becoming
redeemable in the course. of the ensu
ing year, that could be discharged by
the ordinary revenue, the act of tho