t r
i. .
Mr
T'r
36'h of MT auihorl.nl loan of. live
.millions of doll-east 4 psr ct. ff, meet
. . ... . . . . r if kliHIl
ihe same. Utr thl arrangciu-'ii
hi' saving accrue
to the public, of
r
RTJ.0O0,
... r ih I2ih of Mt last, a
loan of gt-OO.OOO was authorized w or
. dcr to meet tho awarda under the Elori
which wai negotiated W the
' ' Bank of the United State at 4 13 per
.... .,.- limit k. iha act. By tbw pro
4 vision, the claim of-our tUi-ens who
-. j an a-crat lott bV SOOlU-
-: tions, end frora. whom inilemnityB hd
. : been to long Jheld, were Prc4 PJ F
paid, tor tneH wTtii.j--
' bry-ihrUndiVf Florida. 0f
treat advantages resulting from Abe ac
' oulsltlon of the territory Id other riipecta,
... . . .. - ....kk fntmma. -r
, It Is estimated that tho receive lute
ik. Trtur. durina: the Tear I825 wil
' t. .ufficicnt to meet the cUburements
rf the vear. Including the sum of ten
1 minion of dollari, which is'annuslly ap
propriated by the act constituting the
Sinking Fund, to the payment jof the
principal and Interest of the public debt.
The whole amount of the public debt,
I m the fi"t of AnM next, may b
- estimated at 8 86,000, inclusive el Br
500,000 6f the loan authotized by the act
of 26ih hiti last. In this eatlmate is in
cluded 'stock of tJfiOO,000, Issued for
the purcbaie of that amount of the capi
' i stock of the Bank of the United States,
end which, at the stock of the Bank still
held by the government, will etj least be
" fully equal to its reimbursement, ought
not to be considered as constituting part
' of the public debt. , Estimating, then, the
whole amount of the public debt at TQ-
.-a .rulnz the annual re-
ceiptsertd expenditures of the-torero-
"went, I wn wonnea nope may o mum
s taine d, that, should no unexpected eent
occur, the whole of the public debt may
be discharged in the courao of ten yeara,
and the government be letf at noeny ai
terwards to apply such portion of the re
venue ss ma oot be necessary for cur
rent expenses, to such other objects es
may be roost conducive ro me puuuc e
cuiity'add welfre. Thai the sums appH
- cable tothew objecta will be very consid
erable, may be fairly concluded, when it
is recollected, that a large amount of the
public revenue has been applied, since
the late war, to the construction of the
public buildings in this city, to the erec
tion of fortifications along the coait, and
(lOn VI UIMm.W"Viiw - " I ' , - , '
of.rsenalsin different psrts of the Ujlotipr which cannot be too highly estimated.
to the augmentation of the Navy ; to the
extinguishment of the Indian title to large
f r.Mil torrilnrv ! to (he ICnu'lSI-
fQ(B VI "V V" w vv v 1
tion of Florida! to
Tids ol the late war. un many oi these
obiects, the expense will annually be di
rninhhed, and at no distant period cease
on mot or all. On the first day of Janu
try, 1817, the public debt amounted to
g 1 33,59 1 ,965 16 J and, notwithstanding
the large sums which have been applied
to these objects, it I has been reduced,
aince then, 837,446,961 78. The last of
the public debt will be redeemable on the
first of January, 1835, snd while there is
the best reason to believe that the re
sources of the government will bet con
tinually adequate to such portion of it as
may become due, In the interval, it ia re
commended to Congress to seize every
"opportunity which may present itself, to
reduco the rate of interest upon every
part thereof., ThOgtestsie ofjJwpiih-J
lie credit, and the great abundance of
money, are at this lime very favourable
to such a result. It must be Very gratify
ing to our fellow-citizens, to Witness this
-J " ... ... . .V
flourishing state of the public finances,
When K is rccwiiccicu mui no uurucn
whatever nsa occn imposcu upuu mem.
... . . . i . A L. L -
The Military Establishment in al! its
randiestinjlhjeejteJnj
OUS QUiies assigncu iu c.u, juuuc
favourable view which was presented of
the efficiency of its organization, at the
last session. All the appropriations have
been regularly applied to the objects in
tended by Congress ; and, so fjr as the
disbursement have been made, the ac
counts hsve been rendered and settled,
without Joss to the public. The condi
tion of the army itself, as relates to the
officers and men, in science and disci
pline, is highly respectable. The Mili
tary Academy, on which the army essen
tially rests, and to which it is much in
debted for this state'of improvement, has
attained, in comparisonVith any other
Institution of a like kind, a highdegree
of perfection. Experienceever, has
shown, that the dispersed tondltion of the
.Corps of Artillcy i unfaTQur.iblc-Ja.ihc
Military Establishment. To remedy this
inconvenience, eleven companies have
been assembled at the fortifications erect
ed at Old Point Comfort, as, a school for
jirtillery instruction; with an rrriention, as
they shall be perfected in the various du
ties of that service, to order them to oth
er posts, and supply their places with oth
er companies, for instruction in like man
ner. In this mode, a complete knowl
edge of the science and dutiesof artillerists
will be extended, throughout the whole
Corps of Artillery. But, to carry this
object fully into effect, wil require the
aid of Congress; to obtuin which, the sub-
uP- ...... .,1
Of the progreae
t.. .Kn nm.trttclion 01 i" " .
n manent defence of our nurU me.ru
nVne,U defence of our nu Uhna tro -,
according to the plan.Jeclded on,
tithMrentoC the exisung appro
Slh. report of the Secre ury
tier,
and to'
nrUUont, no rn - - i.H
W which I. herewith comm nl .
.i -
will K ve a detailed accoum.
w,,,.? .-i filtatlve created
515 1. ti. ' iff"'
111 HI ) f " t .
Gefendini it In lhevemrof rar .
TheprovUionsln the several "
Congref. ofitaUJJg
mo? nVlhliohb, of the Harbour o
Prei1le on Lake Erie, and the repair ol
tho Virmouth Beach, are in a course ol
regular execution I and there is reason to
believe that the appropriation In each In
stance will be adequate to the object. To
carry these improvements fully Into ef-i
feet, the superintendence oi wera dbv
been aaslgned to otucm ol tne vorps a
F.nr'ineera. '- -
Under the act of the 30tb April hit,
authorizing the President to cau? a sar
vey to be made with the necesufy plan,
and estimates of such roads and; cacala,
as be might deem of national importance,
tn rnmmcrclal Of fttilitarv Dointof vieW,
consisting of two distinguished officers of
the Corps or Lnglneef ana s o
guished Civir Engfow, with atsistsnts,
who have beeireuveiympioye i v..
ryinglnlo effect the objects' of the act.
They have carefully examined between
the fotomac and me unio ner
tween the latter and Lake Erie ; between
the Alleghany and the Susquehana J and
tha routes between the Delaware and the
D.. U.MaU, 'atitl' Ducxard'a buy
and bei iKniuu harbour and Nara-ganet-byrSucb-
por4ion of-the Corps
of Topographical' Engineers as could be
spared from the survey of the coast, has
been employed in surveying the very im
portant route between tne Potomac and
tne Ohio. Considerable progress has
been made in It, but the survey cannot be
completed until the next Mason. It is
gratifying to add, from the view already
taken, that there is good cause to believe
that this great national object mi be
fully accomplished.
It is contemplated to commence early
in the next season the execution of the
other branch of the act, that which relates
to roadaj and with the survey ol a route
frowMhh citv, throueh the southern
states, to New-Orleans, the importance
gineers, who could be apared from oth
er icrvices, have oeen err.pioyea m
I - -
penjionstoJRevolu:-lfnjryyj'Rrarlrffi oGjects"
for the great purpose specified, will re
quire a thorough knowledge of every part
of our Union, and of the relation of each
part to the others, and of all to the seat
of the General Government. For such a
digest, it. will be necessary that the infor
mation be full, minute, and precise.
With a view to these Jmportsnt objects,
J submit to the consideration of Congress,
the propriety of enlarging both the Corps
of Engineers, the Military and Topo
graphical. It need scarcely be remark
ed, that the more extensively these Corps
are engaged in the improvement or their
country, in the execution of the powers
of Congress,' and in aidTbf the states, in
such improvements as lie beyond that li
mit, when such aid is desired, the hsppier
4he effect-will-be, in- many-iewsr-of
which the subject is susceptible. By
profiting of their science, the works will
always be well executed; and by giving
to the officers such employment, our un
ion wilt derive all the advantage, in peace
i as wcu as war, irom weir luieniianu acr-
I i . i . l rr i . i
vices, which tbey can afford. In this
mode, also, the Military will be incorpo
injurious distinctions and prejudices ol
every kind be done away. To the Corps
themselves, this service' cannot fail to be
equally useful since, by the knowledge
they would thus acquire, they would be
eminently better qualified, in the event
of war, for the great purpose for which
the? were instituted.
Our relations with the Indian tribes,
within our limits, have not been material
lv chanced during the vear. The hostile
disposition evinced by certain tribes,, on
the Missouri, during the last year, still
continues, and has extended, in some de
rree, to those on the upper Mississippi,
and the upper Lakes. Several parties of
our citizens have' been plundered and
murdered, by those tribes. In order to
establish relations of friendship with them,
i Congress, atahe-lasuae stion-jnade-aa -ap
nation to irtttiM with them, and lor
the employment ol a suitable military es
cort o accompany and attend the Com
missioners at the places appointed for the
negotiations. This object has not been
effected.. The season was too far; advan
ced when the: appropriation was made,
and the distance too great to permit ; but
measures have been taken, anU ail the
preparations will be completed, to accom
plish it at an early period in the next sea
son.'- . - .
Believing that the hostility of the tribes,
particularly on the upper Mississippi and
L II.. i . ' ft A -... I
mo takes, ia, in no amau ucirrcc, uwiiie
to the wars which are carried on between
at, i.-.c
fcViut
l.,.-n t-ikeri t bi
renrl r t''m 'ktl
tri(ul, will not only tetidlo the icnirlty
or trf, citizens, but be of great aJvaimge
to the ImlMMi themeles. ttU Hs
excq.ibnofihe trila relerred.u, ur
reuioni wliu U the otners are on m
mqst Iriendly footing and it afTord me
great satlafaction to add, that they are
mating steady advances in civilisation,
and the improvement of their condition.
Maty of tte tribes have already roaue
trett nroirsi in the arts oi civutzea iut.
Tbk; dtrbl rei'ilt lias been broufH,
aooii bitfia namane ana penevennj
3:?L . J-A n.r,t,.Ti.ru
Iff M UP V' " WIWIIJ
f r ,k. tnd ana. Thtti bin
tie set, Chlrty-two schools,
" r"?j..j La .Utn scbo Urs, who
line
nunuruM , .
.. fif lib.
IDS wruiuhif ,krt.a
treatis. with the jCreak and Quapaw In-
ji rmmUtloncrt have been appoio-
ii.j.. it,, annrnnnauuu
ted and negotiafions are now
L. ...nil la tint act knOWO.
"" v-. - j - - .
17m mam full
Information, respecting
the principle which has been adopted for
carrying Into effect the act of Congress
authorizing surveys, with plsns and esti
mates for canals and road, and on every
her branch of duty Incident to the ue
pirtmetH of War, 1 refer you to the re
.1 nf th fWretarV.
1 he squaaronw ""'
been maintained in the extent which was
proposed in the report oi the secretary w
tho NiVf 01 the last yer, u u uuw
ed to our commerce he necessary pro
..... i- .t... ... AtfoiehaiiOint?, how
t.. ..r-.,tt. rflation which have
existetjbetween Algiers and ioibi or the
powertof Europe, migbt be extended te
ns, it las been thought exp s
ment It force ther. d, to conse
.k- m Vnrth Carolina," a sblpo
KhMinprepmd, and will s.U
inafewaaystOjomH.
Tk. emn ovea in im k",i'" w
Mexico, and in the nnr
for the suppression of piracy, has likewise
h prfser "aeniuiiy m
which It was during the lasr year.
Derscrvine effort has been made for tne
ccomortshraenl of that obiect, and much
protection has thereby teen anoroea io
1 .... -.21. -1. - I. t.m
our commerce, oui sun inewrayuvs
from beine suppressed. Frorn every
view which has been taken of the subject
it Is thouehi that it will be necessary ra
iher to augment man io oimiunn uur
: " ....... .. t-w
force in that quarter. 1 here la reason
to believe that the piracies now complain-
A of.ar- Wr UJ. C ba.a
who inhabit the land, and who, by pre
set fine eood intelligence with the Towns,
tnd seizing favourable opportunities, railT
forth and fall on unprotected merchant
vessels, of which they make an easy prey.
The pillage thus tsken, they carry to
their lurking places and dispose of after
wards st prices tending to seduce the
neighbouring population. . This combina
tion is understood to be of great extent,
and Is the more to b' deprecated because
the crime of piracy is often attended with
the murder of the crews, these robbers
knowing, if any survived, their larking
places would be exposed, and they be
caught and punished. That this atroci
ous practice should be carried. to sucb ex
tent, is cause of equal surprise and regret.
It is presumed thst it must be attributed
loth relaxed, n4 febletatef the 4ocl
governments, since it is not doubted, from
th hiirh character of tha Coventor of
- o - -
Cuba, who is well known and much re
spected here, that if he had the power, be
would promptly suppress Jt. Whether
those robbers shouli be pursued on the
land, the local authorities bmade respon
sible for these atrocities, or any other
measure be resorted to suppress-theiBrW
suomiueo to me conuuerauou w vuu
grew.
In execution of the laws for the sup
pression of the Slave Trade, a vessel has
been occasionally sent from the squad-on
to the cosst of Africa, with order to re
turn thence by the nstial track of the
slave ships, and to seize any of our ves
sels which might be engaged in thai trade.
None have been found, and, it is believed,
that none are thus employed. It i well
known, however, that the trade still ex
ists under other flags.
The health of our squadron, while at
Thompson's Island has been much better
during the present than it was the , last
eason. Some improvements have been
made, snd others are contemplated there,
which, it is believed, will have a very sal-
itttarrtffect,
On the Pacific oar commerce has
much increased j and on that coast, as
on that tea, the United. States have many
important interests, which require atten
tion and protection. It is thought that
all the considerations which suggested
the expediency of placing a squadron on
that sea, operate with augmented force,
for maintaining jv there, at least to an
equal extent. - ...
for detailed information respecting the
atate of out maritime force on each ses,
;the improvement necessary to be made,
either in the organization of the Naval
Establishment generally, or of the laws
for its hotter government, I refer you to
tUt
i : ' ' ' : r
ft:
.if li I I-' rc a t
It i (iinn.iii.K e'f 1.
, ti n !'"' -Ot'tre Do
1 lit tr 'tints
.... k .. m.'.U.iI .r t.ii.lJcratita in if
t rZli.iti lit the promt ve.r. The tur-
an, tret li.tt will eictcd the espen.Il-
ur a. although the irintrtaiion of the
mall within the ye hs been much In-
rtised.- A Hfport of th l'ostmsstir
which is transmitted, will fur
nish, In dSlall, the tceary infurmzilon
respecting the adrolnlitrstionand prennt
atai itf this Deoartment.
Infonformlty with the resolution of
bl the last sesiion, aa lovltatioo
m Kiv V.:,v turance
l.t.:. .k. Ht.ti StatasXwilb an assur'"-'
fill) mi mw. -v
5e, wbenever It mJgbl ba 'nlnflir"r
.,1 t, iiaari ncd the offer of the
t-- .nj Miif him aero tn oi-m
mm v . . . .
wblkshlp.frommotiv.iofdellc.cy.bul
. ' .i.. k- k.4 tnnv Imended.
assurea me .r .:
A. aUlt the Union in the
course of tbi present year, f la August
.... l. .... at Ntw.iora, wnill
tail pm - r
wss received wltfc th wsrm
tloa and gratitude to which his my im
and d iinlcreticactvica,H4
rri&ces to our revolutionary struggle,
.mtiW him. A correspond-
cmi.Hu.., -----
leg sentiment hss since ween mw.
i ki. r..M.a ikn.uihnut avert Port ion of
our Union, and affectionate lnlttiona
have been given him to .
to tbem. To these ha naa yieiuea
ha arcommodalion in bis power. At
very designated point of rendexverus,
the whole population oi ip w't"""'"!!
i'l ..-k'..t lavraalhitni
.Minim nil nfn iiKutvim - - -
vwwi.. j . . . ,.
mom .bom I. kw cu.a w p.'
rnntau. ci.il and ml!Uary, who had
shared With him in the tolls and danger
of the war, maov or them in a oecrepio
state. A mote intefelflng spectacle, it
h believed, wss never witnessed, because
,h could b founded on purer princi-
ples-nbne pr4eed from higher or more
XuutVr-aied rioiives. That the feelings
of those who bsd fought and bled with
blm, In a common cause, should hsve
hen much excited, wss natural. There
are, however, circumstances attending
thta interviews, which pervaded the
whole cororounity.and touched the breasts
of every sge, even the youngest amon
us. There was not an Individual present
-,kr. Kut not lomi relative who had par
taken in those scenes, nor an infant who
had not besrd the relation of them. But
the circumstances which wss most sen
sibly felt, snd which his presence brought
forcibly to the recollection oi au, wa tne
rrtai cause in which we were engaged,
..4 U.a Ww.aii.d fUh.ll we tiave Octlved
from our success in it. The struggjc
was for Udependence snd liberty, public
anTpTrsoiial, and in this we succeeded.
The meeting with one who had borne so
great a part in that great struggle, and
from such lofty and disinterested motives,
could not fail to affect, profoundly, every
individual, and of every age. It is natural
we should sll take as deep an interest in
his future welfare, as we do. His high
claims on our Union sre felt, snd the
sentiment universal, that tbey should be
met in a eenerotis spirit. Under these
impressions, I invite your attention to
the subject, with a view that, regarding
bis very important services, lotus, snd
sacrifices, a provision msy be made and
tendered to him, which shall correspond
with the sentiments, snd be worthy the
character, of the-American people-
In turnine our attention to the rondi
tion of the civilized world, in which the
United States bsve. always taken a deep
tuterest, is grstifjing to. see how large
w a . t a l B .
a portasn ol it is Diessea wun peace.
The only wars which now exist within
that limit, are thoseid ween Turkey and
Greece, in Europt ; and between Spain
and-the new .Governments our neighs
bors, in this hemisphere. In both these
war the cause of independence, of liber
ty and humanity, continues to prevail.
The success of Greece, when the rela
tive population of the contending partie
is considered, commands our admiration
and applause, and that it has had a simi
lar effect with the neighboring Powers,
is obvious. The feeling of the whole
civilized world is excited, in a high de
gree, in their favor, May we not hope
that these sentiments, winning on the
hearts of their respective Governments,
may lead to a more decisive result I thst
they may produce an accord among them,
to replace Greece on the ground which
she formerly held, and to which her he
roic exertions, at this dsy, so eminently
entitle her 1
....Wi'h r-rt to tha contaat. to which.
our neighbors are a party, it is evident
that Spain, as a power, Is scarcely felt in
it. These, new states had completely
achieved their independence, before it
was acknowledged by the United States,
and tbey have since maintained it, wkh
little foreign pressure. The disturban
ces which have appeared in certain por
tions of thst vast territory, have procee
ded from internal causes, which had their
origin in their former governments, and
have not vet-been thoroughly removed.
It is' manifest that these causes are daily
losing their effect, and that these new
states are settling down under govern
ments elective and representative in eve-
e S i t ,f " 1
'r It t .t t,fi. tn !.:.
arci-wiy i i ttr m tn
MW til pi-,.
verr, umkr a i.nn rnt ton I r. Mt It
piomote their l. nrv. In tl.U t'hrir
career, however, e I e tot intttdrtd,
believing thst every pc..le have a tight
li Institute for Ihemulvcs ih go?era
ment which, In their juilment, rniy
suit them best. Our example ) Ufon
them, of the good effect of which, Uinr
otirtKij;hborstlhey sre competent -judg.
es, snd lo their judgment w (aa tt in
tie cxpcctsiion thst other powers will
pursue the same policy. The deep la
Merest which we isse in inctr ini. k
IV- .Li. .n,oment ol all the rights lntl-1
... ...... i ...
,w tbereuH especially very im.
portant one of Ioiiuting their own g0r
eminent, hss been declared, and U
known to the world. Separated, as
art from Europe by the great Atlantic
ocean, we can have no concerns to tin
wart of the European governments, nor
In the esusee which produce them. Th.l
bilaice of power between them, into
Wnicn ever tcai n j .. .arwui
vibeatlofls, cannot effect os. It is the in
terest ef the United Ststts'to prtierr
the most friendly relations with every
poVer, snd on conditions fair, equal, ind
applicable to all. cut,ui rcgara to our
nc Uhbors, oor shustlon is differrnt. I:
ia impossible lor in coropesn govern
ments to interfere in their concerns, es
pecially to those alluded to; which sre
Its!, without effecting us I lOdeeo, the
a a f Ba fl t t
motive whlcft migni inooce sucn inter
ference to the rrnt state of the wit
between the panic, if a war it may U
called, would appear to be equally appli
cable to as. It is gratifying to know that
some of the.powsrs wl'H whom '
joy a very friendly intercourse, and to
whom these views nave ocen commum-
. . j
cateo, -nsve appearaa u i.quicsko in
tbem. ...
The augmentation of our population,
wun tne expansion wt our vnwn, ano in
creased number of Stalesibsveproduced
effects In certain branches of our system,
which merit the attention of Congren
Some of our arrsnKemnts, snd particu
larly the Judiciary Establishment, were
made With a view to the original tMrtrrq
states 'only. Since then the United
States have required a vast extent of ter
ritory j eleven new states bsve beennl
milled into the Union, and territories
have been laid off for three others, which
will, likewise, be admitted at nodittint
day. An organization of the Supreme
Court, which aislgns to the Judges any
portion of the duties which belong to the
inferior, requiring their psssage over
vast a spsce, under any distribution of
the ststes that trsy now be made, if bo:
impracticable in the execution, mut ren
der It Impossible for them to discharge
the duties ef either branch with adm
taee to the Union. The duties of the
Suprerre Court would be of crest impor
tsnce, if its dec'ulons were confined to
the ordinary limits of other tribunal,;
but when it is considered that this court
decides, and in the last resort, on all the
great questions which arise under our
Constitution, Involving those between the
United States, individually, between the
states, and the United States, snd betweca
the latter and foreign powers, too high
anT estimate of.tr.eir importance cannot
be formed. 'Tlie (treat interests of ti e
nation seem to. require that the JikIs
of the Supreme Court should be exemp-
led from every other duty, than that
which is incident to thst high trust.
The organization of th Inferior rourti
would, of course, be adapted to circum
stances.' It is presumed that such an one
might be formed, as would secure m
Me and faithful discharge of their rfutitk
and without any material augmentation
of expense.
The condition or fhe Aborigines who
ourTImitsTalicrespeclalTy those who iff
ithio the limits of any of tha States, mer
its likewise tarticular attention- Lxp-
rience has shown, that unleM the tribei be
civilized, they can never be incotporsttd
into our system, in any form whatever
If bas likewise shown, that in the reguUr
augmentation of our population, with the
extension of our settlements, their situs
lion will become deplorable, if tlir ex
tinction, is not menaced. Some well-oi
gested plan, which will rescue them from
such calamities, is due to their rights, w
the rights of humanity, and to the honor
of the nation. Their civilization is in
dispensable to their safety, and this n
be accomplished only by degrees. The
process must commence with the inlaw
state, through whom some effect msy w
wrought on the parental. Difficulties ot
the most serious rhsracter present them
tc to th attainment. 0f this very &
sirable result, on iha rrHy "
they now reside. To remove them Mom
it by force, even with a siew to their pen
security and happiness, would he revolt
ing to humanity, and ihicily unjustifi-iW
Between tie limits of our present btt
and Territories, and the Jlocky Mountain'
and Mexico, there is a vast term,- y
which thev might be invited, with induce
menu which mieht be successful. i
menu which rnignt
thought, if that territory should oe o"
ded Into districts, by previous g"e,nen
with the tribes now residing there, n
civil governments established m each
with schools for wr? brsnch of in
tion in literature and the. arts of civw
Hi
V
7
. . . ...