Newspapers / Western Carolinian (Salisbury, N.C.) / July 6, 1830, edition 1 / Page 2
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- .'.r '-( aiorerel v uepiore the fact, but I Should be ' guihy of exciting false and delusive hopes In my cons'iiuents, if I did not dechre h. Sir, no mm who will reRcct upon the pro e;res of this system for the Wit twelve years, can indulge the tightest hope that It will ever be abandoned by those whr) ;jmro''d U upon tin, From fear to year S the dutlee have been increascdmd the syt ten uitnitrj, and al each successive en , Iritm?nt of the tircle of monopoly, the" ...,1. majority in Congress 'hss uniformly J '.'. crease. 'So fr from perceiving any indl- : .-.cationV of a reiTon J-erej; tften ebyi ous to me that Oe nore o.1ige end op end itJerU teta,j4 Z if" Union : whose" 'rlitf ft grossly ...-..-..,........., ... . - a .... .. rJ o it, Ind extehd'me ita opefatitfh. rlac o sr : t he " q tiee't W t h en n pon' thl ' ioblln (t on which it is placed by tbe advocates ol : f this tyjitem 'eoncrdmr to them the right and the captchy to judge of their own in- terests yielding the pointy as lam com .1 pelled to do, that the prohibitory system does really promote what they regard as their true interest. I ahull proteed to ife - in istrate as I think I can most c oik la f ' aively, that the interest of tbe majority thui to be promoted, conslstf in the ab- (' eolutt annihilation of the rights and in:er- est of tbe minority. Iii this Vtate of facta a very rjrare and womentous qvestioti irresistibly forces . Jtstlf upon the consideration of this body : -Z- how far h is the rii;bt of the majority to " 'destrof "the separate and peculiar inter t - esta of the minority j and bow far the min- s" erty are under any constitutional or trior-" , al obligation to submit to so monstrous an outrage I r2i:.i--:v?9-;-A l '.$r, t ani wetT rnnviheedihat the pro K . pie of the Uaited States have not realiz k ,td, even in a partial degree, the nature and extent of the oppression under which the peop!e onheauthernStatesare'1a- loring. I shall proceed, therefore, to in- .4ubeJn tbi lr?udi5ei..wiijiAX&,isi?rx: ation of yoortystem of impost duties up on the various portions of the tMon, re garding it merely at a system of revenue f JIae- it any-prtteniiion to be regarded )j a just end equal Ty stern i oT taxation Tl Is not the fact undeniable, that almost the whole burthen of federal taxation, is thrown upon thoee1 brancbei of protluctive tndustry which furnish the exchanges ot our foreign commerce, whi!e all the oth er branches of doinsstic production are free from taxation, and a large portion ef them "derive consider jle bounties. Indirectly, frotn the very burthens irr poee4 upon ilwte products hich con r.'..r . Hf heMnrwMak4-UU:.ap; " - - sTT Stftet there never was a more uneoual nrLuoiu.sXiyateiO,.criisiiknlsksLst(jb . any Government,, of ancient or modern times- : ; - A reference to tne Treasnrv stite menta of the commerce ol the United Statetwill show that the whole amount of the domestic productions annually ex- i & portetf fo'tbrc1grrtnqnmsrtatcngrn ir - t,-rwin fifr , ry eight mlliiohs orffcdlars. Taking thif to be tbe aggregate value or the domestic exports of the. Southern and Southwes tern .Statoi, which are engaged its tbe 'prodoctirn of tbe preat agritullural sta ptai of cotton, tobacco and riceconsH tuting leas than one third port of the Un- jon export to the amount of thirty-sevrn millions of dollara ; and those portions of the Sutet just mentioned, which are en gaged in the production of cotton and rice constituting lest than one fifth part ot the Union expor; to the amount of thir- "ty'mlTTioos of dOtlT. Now, SiTiitwould be difficult to imagine a proposition in political economy more undeifiable, than, that the amount of imports which belong to each respective portion 6ft he Union, must be pAiportioof d to thai exports. It U wholly immaterial who are the car rier and Importers of th metxhftfldiae received in txchage for domestic produc- 'tions, or through- what custom houae it eappeat-topan, It JiUUiUJ 01 S jL!.ra d consiimting ihe-coremerre of"that portion of the country in eschnge for thertinctlonsof whkh h it obtafnedy and erery imposition of duties upon that com ynerce is a burthentome taxation thrown upon tbe domestic Industry by which it ia sustained. If, therefore, you would know what a take . any paraticulsr portion of th Union hss in the foreign commerce of the country,: you have only to- ascer- fain what propdhion thejorts of do- WeftnBITCnalioTsy Jjjlotv How, then, ere the lmhca.ira "t posec! Vy this Government regarding the import duties as. mere swemot reven and aections ottus inrceed in shewing t cd in the "production of cotton,, tobacco and rice, are taxed by the Federal Gov ernment in proportion, to tbe amount of; their exports, it will follow that those Statea 0T ery nearly two-thirds of the whole amount the Federal revenue- It will also follow, that the States erjgut;- ft In thti production cj cotton "and ti lofte, with a population of little mere than two million, pay nWt than one half of that revenue. I' tm ware .Sir, that these propositions ere ca'.cula'ed to aur tie those mha hive not eximined the eub- ject attentively. Gentlemen will think It scarcly possible thit any population In the world could have csiited.it) tolertble comfort, under inch a weight of taxe. I wlil proceed, then, to the proof of the firoposition, thit the export! of the plnt ng State indicate the proportion of Fed eral taxes paid by then States, takiffg fairly into view the entire operation of our fiscal aytua.VAndl bea ihfl those gen tleroen who are in favor of the existing criii'-l!r. mnA if the ran detect an V fd- expose i Ofjmrfwe 3iymcctkswro:N' . . . potmed out, as yery Important issue miy probably nang po'n lt." " If the Southern planters were to export theif own production in their own snips am) impott, in the tame way, the mer- chanrtiM noained in exchmge for v., would awy doubt exist that they actually paid into the Treasury an amount of taxes proportioned to their exports ' Export ing productions to the amount-of thir ty seven miliums of dollars, they wutild pay; arsurrtinjj. the average rate of the duiies everr at forty per Cent., 81 K0, 000; while the States producing cottoo and rice would riy twelve millions. Now, at tbe fmporttafc merchant is no thinu more thun the agent of the planter, the title operjiHirr of i'npojt duties wA be r.c li more cienty perceived by dis pening with this agency. It tends to confuse the inquirer, by keeping out of view the real parlies to the proceeding. Tbe merchant ertainlv beiM his ort share of the burthens of Federal taxation; but the bartbem of the plmter are in no degree dtmintied by that fact, k as sum, then, that the ptanter rs subjected to precisely the same burthen, o a filJri Itr, that he would be if he had no factor own produce himself, and imported wht he obtained for it abroad. Why, then, is it denied that he is taxed in proportion to I the tmo'int of Ms exports ? ft is denied, "Wr."" Chairm w, opjn The aasnmed Ipronnd that the producer pys no parr oi the tux, at a imdurct, but thut the whoh I burthen fall upon the consumer of the articles subjected to impost duties Now, ultboiiih, av I shll hereafter" at tempt to shew, the condition of tbe plan ter would be very htile better, ever ir it were true that the consumer rraid the hole tax, yet I deem it important to re fate the tommon error, that indirect tax-" , iaid vHon firoilucrion, h ultimately ahdeiirfhivvtly tin cbnsrtmpttort;-"-" I knovr Sirt!aat iiuMrect taxes rlo not excIusTv?Ty" rwt Wpw'those they are actually levied, foit uon what p rit i c i p fe 'of re a s on 6r com in e n s e n s e c a n k'feeatttlM rests there f T be ntinued ) a t mm Mr. RKXCllEWS CIRCULJR. f iJft tVJMJtel (ro!6irBm ) The hill providing for the removal of the Indians West of the Mississippi has breoo one of drep interest, and fiuitful ol misrepresen'.aiion and abuse of those who have supported it. It haa been viewed a an administration measure, and bus there fore received the must violent and vin dictive abuse from the minion of puty, " for it is their vocation, 11. But il we examine thfc mutter candidly, we shall find that the removal of the rndiar. "Wef -ofhe-M miwrrppr hs-teertvcfr' rhe pprobation of every administration, from Thomas Jffferon down to the present time, nd was a favorite objecnrlihTaftd warmly recommended by, our late Piesi dent. JnleV IK7", odiJ329, JbHls were passed almost" urfatiioin?ily, tnd large rpropiiations made,' With the ul timate object of removing the . Indians West of the Mississippi j and in 1 829, a hill similar to the one passed. UhU ten sion was int rodti c eoTouTnoTTi "nJTIy '"it T on. for the want of? lime. In the report which- aeewpanied tint brllr speaking of 1M. grueuar necay ot the Joduns, the convnittee use the following strong Un Ryage : "IJow are tbry to be preserv ed! The com mitt co cn perceive but one wa, and that is bv adopting the policy proposed by the Goernment, for their removal and collocation without the limits' of the State and orgsniie i TmiL Lfories.-:Ttie rretident oTThe United SiVf?tag thia course, ana, amonir other- reason b hi tn-assign ed is. the uDarmHerAbJa en oihe Tdimcbl'vr lik e'1 to arise rromlhe loripiuon. oi v arpr noent eovcrnmcntt the lata administration ; such are tbe view of the present and I confess waa greatly, sarprised to find men who had supported this measure under the late administration, arrayed in ope solid phal- eTanx(iitn one honorable ercrpilor.) against :-1 it when reccrr mt rft A bv President Jack rjr..!x , --- - T - --'- , .-- f w. p . . '1 - ft . i - - ''.- I Union f If . T9iHIUovereignaec7aim of their brethren have.,-., ubi me iaiei cntie- i cm vi wait....- uuin were, tne vaew ot laiinuT iroc n uuuevcasary io recite r .k The bill dies not terdempla'c the ex ercise of any force, or the violation of any treaty, at bai been misrepresented, but imply authorizea the PresiJont to ex change land Vfeit of the Mississippi with such tribes or nations of Indiana as may thioe in exchange the' lands where they now. reside, and remove there, embracing those Indians', the lid to whose land the General Government it bound to extin guish, and thosj who lands, the title being extinguished, belong to the 0:ner at Government. ' The rood faith of the 'Nation, the har mony, of ihe Union, and the preservation- cf, these unfortunate Indian tribes, all Strang ty feeommn4iv..tdijpsi(vof this manure, 'la 1 802 ;he State of Qeor icarii territory io tL'.jrtniii Uil&XZVt ' .' 5 ' expects co)wluM aaultvUaMUaVSuJAk: should extinguish the Indian tide within ihc-Swe-at etsrlr -a the time--could be dine on reasonable terms. Georgia hss waited for twenty eisht,years, and called oo the Government to fulfil her obliga tions, which tc Could not reftise without ..i base violation of our national faith. Our own interest likewhe forbade thit we should any longer delay .this nsitter. The Cherokee country in Georgtrcomprisc a tichand valuable territory of six mil lions ot acres. The whi'c tndthe half breeds who have incorported themselves with ihe Indians are making valuable improvements in this country, and the longer we defer the purchase of the fn dian tide, the more exhorbitant will be the price we shall be forced to pay for it. But there" is another grave and Impor tant consideration. The Indians within the States of Georgia, Alabama, and Mis sissippi, under the influence of interested white men, have formed separate govern ments, claiming to be independent of, and superior to, the lawt of those States. The States, protesting against this exer cise of sovereignty within their limits, hare oppeiled totfie QeneritOovernmenr, under the Constitution, which declares erected within the jurisdiction ot another State," and have determined to extend their law over them. Tbe Indians, in turn, have appealed jo uvfr protectior, and (heir pretended friend in Congress seem to think that, underCxtsting treaties with them, the President should levy an atmed fotce, and march to the slaughter of oar Southern . brethren and frjends. or make them bow to Indian sovereignty. Without feeling it necessary to tie ride upon the relitive met its of these conflic tint obligation, I have feft anxioos to avoid the difficulties and calamities which seem lijcely to arise, by etTrcting, if pos sible,, a peaceable removal of our ' red brethren from a sit nation which num he i cohiUril arvirr hf Irrif fittnfr TiWt JVitlh t ...... , - - - - -4 - t ion, te one more rongeniar wttn,trretr"KV rTrs?:??:-:-habhs, where, undr the parental protec-! " Kn hl,nes m"n ' S,::1 n unmoved rock, Tfon of bur 'GV)vrrimenf ;ihef"Wsy e'riirtyj" 'W whker,-ht flt-hkirby -ti:hoee. tneir own customs anri tfvetr own taws, tMid none to molest or oppress tSem Conscious thit f was justified by these g -eat naiionil consider at ions Io stt'P"rt "f t i lis measure, Fliave felt peculia fiftc i sure . L T ramirc :ao.:troni(::.iB.e .i;.p.yjcitjic).n..irjai;4"JI.aaeroq-- epeculatjoo tv-rretdy wa-dvaneirnr-tnbetrrterestT of Tnypp5reif Tn the I ne wpm H nlif ioff t6 own bate, and actins; irr harmony wlth'the West India Colonial Trade and the her views on this delicate and important pro'jabiliiy ol rccovewng it through the subjert. The number of Cherokee Tn- ne.ciniuin of Mr. Md.ane. These dians in NVth Carolina U about """th7ce " suerulatiaos" are not 'confined to tli n -t. , i . -.-fc ... . . .. innusano, innanninr: ictneand vsin,itje territory cf upwards of 3 million of acres. opon the reniovaof the Indians under this bill a r.ew Geld will be opened for the enterprise and industry of our hardy population-, and a fresh and valuable source of rerenue to the tate. Dr-eplv Impressed with the importance of this' measure, the Legislature of North Cro- in'ia ifl-addie-sied, memorial tov. ..wmuca, .Ltpe and expecu' Congress, m which the obligation of the tions. General Government of removing the; Since the pedlar like nerrtj.tMs o ..u ,.)V.n, ipPi, is - prettra in me loiiowing clear anI most forcible i language : "The extmguish - memotine inman iiwe to mis district or country, and the removal uf this unfor- tunate race bevond the Mississippi, are of T ""'r'an.cc l0Cf ,nrcr"'V ,,,,mnjr oinc mtr ruFnrH van t ii; tnr Tfn-iyftfa-r "nwh L.-. 1 c , . .. . . . - gnh mentor IhcTnffnnj wrnrro, owra. i nese are not ihe onty inducements, i ne rea men are not i wm,tl.ic va nvniMtiop. ncv are the influence of religion, and. they aVe always ilissgreable snd danereus neigh boLil, .ly.'1j,ei?irrrjg-.... T he prolflkjty of those red men to our whit population W 1 ..1 :.: 1:11!::. Tl. 5.,r.rpf r JaMpu.fjaJJrraUq.rt unfortunate rca of ' beings might easily he induced to exchange their lands in this facts, or urge -arguments to prove that BCfl rrmotah will not only be benrj!ciil ta the citizen of thit State, but to. lite InJiani themtfhetV Such were the views of our own State in I827,nd such are now tbe viewt of the General Geyernment.. - In ouil relations with foreign Powers, we tavt;much cau$ for congratulation We continue lo receive frett all, jt.e Ytiost unequivocal assurarvcet of reciprocal good feelin;;t and the last advices from our minister at London give us reason to hope ihit we shall shortly be rest ored to the benefit of a free trade with the Pritish West India Islands. It is well known that, during the late administration, ouf trade with those islands was lost to us j and the embarrassment and injury iui tained by the iJouihern country in conse q ieuce of It, Is eqially well known. We hail, therefore, with, peculiar pleasure, the cheerin;; prospect of being re-admit-ted into a mirket , wbicb,;is.;5'uable to the country generally, bnt which, from its prosinviiyr i partkiJtcly' to tQ.uit.wwMv.l I (ear t hive been too tedious, ana my fgly gdrwot)- fef J&jr-l:-ill ffleOJLtaa-j bflLone.saaiMiroorejuaibaltUJJJXtfr.Xi U-j-(,h-etw&kh:.:tv.rrealdtnt-Jai . , . t.. n-Hi- thouht proper to pot upon oius woim passed.Congrcss, making, largo.ippr'ppi'l ations for internal improvement in sorrfe of tbe S ates. During the whole of this session, there has. bn a constant end wblcn disgraceful acrsmM? for' the public mo ner: and if all the projects which hac been before Congress at, this session had passed and hen approved by the I rest dent, tboy would have involved us in an expenditure rcfi.l to half of our public debt. Some of them, however, were ae feated in their progress through Con gress ; and others, which were forced through by political combinations, have been defeated by the rretident veto lie has taken a hiijh and interesting stand, in which 'he people wifl sustain him. He bottoms himself, on tne Constitution of his countryi, which he is aworn to support ; and further adds, 'hat, if Jhi exhausting mode of appropriations is pcocvered in, tDx plain consequence trust be, either a continuance of tne national deaf, or a re sort io additional taxes. f?e recommends the proper course to he pursued pay the national deb, reduce the burthens of the people, and then, if apy surplus fund shpirld be left, apply it beneficially to some well digested sysled of internal in pTO'VerntnTnhat srall btfUo'iitwa$f ail the Stales. Influenced by such con siderations, I have uniformly voted against all suth measures ; fr I saw yeryclaarly that, unies litis wild, wasteful, atx4. cor rupt system rould be arrested, tho natton wmilJ be involved io endless bankruptcy and ntio. I rejoice, tnerefore, thst an ioJivid'Pj has bten Grind firm enough to nuke one mi;inv effort to save his count' it will produce, it has al ready pro, lured, jrreit y)"lilicl excite meot. He hss been .nipt-lied bv a sense of duty to take this step, in opposition to j the "ihrs of manv of hi personal and poliii.-! frini. But .he wnole history .ordy.iutbicBU!!).tijt,-jn4 verilieijhejfln' -f mr-jiv rsf f -Haw- nn1! 1 am, gentlemen, vntir oiiJient ser vant, A KUMCJILH ICaMnton, June I, 1830. , it)QjH))mmm... urn WEsr tn-dtv di.omac trade. r- . ters of this country, ft, journals ol Upper U Lower Cutiaila show even a grea er sensitiveness on :hs subject tiuti what nm;htbe stippossod to be Icit in the Uni te l States. Ever since the subject w, it were, into hluh. Her c us, large, blue, introdured io the li u.2of Represent ami rather languishing than illiant, were lives, al the last session, the Montreal and tctirumed bv ihe drket lashes: her fyJebec journalist have nude it their ei ,rtf ,r,r.ir.he ne- on !,!, h rr hn ,.iir. Adanw were termin.nea by the late I (?.rr. Canning, an interest has grown uo I lh ,he Canada, and Nova Sc.ti.,, fjur.de J n ,h0 entire and eternal excMsion of American shipping from ihe West In dicS( aIHf df3ins, j,s nourishment and its stimulus from the belief thit the general interests of the British empire would con . iiiiiir i'j a"ri tnwi -w-iw-TirirHmj on(, these. lines hasefornmunicated by this knot of men. On this aid of lite j there who tne am delight, and Jcft il lines, a -ertain sei of journal who have j with the tame reluctance," u -hit to' it generally heen opposed to .the true inter J periences in d wellingirr jauitilni; ests cf their own country, arf v!io werc,ttioa hut which 'Ke' found to haononiw the. defenders of iho'-ereuns blunders the most with its vision.! V; perfo'rt44Vfa4timnnrT rirag Un, a rertain se1 of journi;ufs who h3re s,ve' t"w CaiMji.m.- The pro an-iuian. T hs pro g3tiv ofgentiis, to prodtKc the stronri randergsion eeedingf Congress the J resident 'a rod se small interest io Cansda. frnfeTvp ?-y,.!!, inflependent na J : . . . . Id after a hostile attitude fr , . ,., . , ,a1 Cen'n7 w" beg.niag to 'ZZ , Jii? A-" mT 5 ',0 r "nd? sense without pretention, to rhetorical or diplomatle nonsense, were approaching eacbother in that rtiinrrrdirect, and uV eAA m.nn.t. .IL. t crurrac!er.sed the iotercoeest of free peo o!e rfnd rSee tvhtv Th!sw:s icricttsl to rouse the spirit of avarice beyond the lines, and the spirit of anti patriotlsmi within them. ' We shall be mistaken, however, in tha character and reputation erf the presedl Ornish administration, ll halt a doers ' men in the Canada, sitting a: their desks 4 with pens behind; theri ears,: shall con- . troul the wisdom obscure the foresight or succeed in blinding- the eagle evea of the .netfociators of St. Jamea. The. Critlsh government is not made of thgso ' materials which will surrender, to a Cham ber of Commerce ia a distant Province a course, ui policy a:ierung ner rcutiona kJl' aU Europe and America.- In thai present condition of burope in trie pre aftnJ.WL cive "war to great inc isures of bubric Dol- " TtoTrrtertreTween - s ne--vntteo-Tj'iatearanil - the West Indies can become the first step in a neVcaur se of policy (bat may chartgo"' the destinies f Europe, It wiil nut be sac rificed to (fte rrvisy aupeals of seltithnesa or tbe njere reuning$ of profit and low. What'has'tae Briiiah government to ex pect frori t1 Canad i or Nova Scotia t What controul or influence have tills bleak northern provinces oyer tne public mind in Europe cr Acneiica I If the bal ance of power in Emopj sboul I bequlvt erinjif between Enlantand aiiy of her rivsis, can ihe bill of lading men in Hal ifax or Quebec, make it' kick, the beam by flinging into the scale their whole, batch ol West fndii invoices f The permanent interests and tbe future prosperity cf England will be consulted in these negociationt, arrtece'dent to the local or personal views of a few shipping merchants on the rocks' ef Halifax of Quebec. The good temper and the goc4 sense of the two nation hate returned In a short time vre stull see the effects of that temper and that sense in the colon-' ial re Iv ions about to be established be tween them, fhe misrepresentations of tha oppmrtion in the Uv.ikcd States joined to the avaricious jealousy of the fewCan- AiJiaailiippafjar.iiJLe Jive,e vajy jeaaaaL to L-r.icve, be met in sucn a manner av both deserve. The destiaies of two great empires i.re no longtr guided by met who excrl! at puns are .eleganfio tho choice of retorreal flowers andtao lay" fitie tbicjrs with lit lie heart , and less none sty. JV. Y. Cuuritr iT Enquire?. 1"he JLsw'ng extract ia from " Pa Gr.frordjr x new novel of Stilwar, ilia auilicc of " Pelhana (Jc" which j'tt r.ome from lb press. The chartcteri drawa by B..Ur ki e aUaya anuau ay i.ere!,,inr wlin,, hl, description, are thrf lrik. . ,tat CM (m . w lie dcutJy elf AkufeJ jiv the jiu- man !rect'.,AJid '-tiaiea wfcttL .'ai)ve orluH . Tthenv- tfivrnipralE aic-excetkTtt-io-agygfar bovela, in w'nich he deduCcVoit frurn every ." chapter. We ttiink hit;'.1 of ui ca,oitv foe novel wtIi;--tlilloiiHf crirait ia beiuiitP .felWevcriptive of one of biaASWlcharaeJLexu Ed. Car otinian. . 'h6 nf f bnr ln Ilumia it , lw. turers adorned they remarked mere es pecially than this rest ot the audience, gentkrattti add tfijrCHing Jady.aeatetlaieajt.. each other j " the fatter, ho Jwy4A-abo2Y" thirteen years oH, was to uncommoni beautiful, that Paul, despite his d:m;iti?t cnLhusiastn, cioulu inirccly divert hiieytf fom her coontenance to the stge. lie" lisir, f a bright and fair au'iurn, hung Hi piuube tinUMs ahotti her ncckr shedding . softer shades upon a comoleKiion h which ihe roses icsaned just tmddmir, w mouth seemed literaliv i'irt with smiles so Humrterless were tne Jim pics thai, vcy unie the full, ripe, Jey4ip we parted, rose into stjfiit, and ins encirarH ment ol the tlimoiw wa aided h two rows ol teeth more dawling than th - richest pearl that ecr glittered on biide. HM the chief cnenu of her face was its eJtceediot; ani touching air ol in nocence, and gKiis'i softness ; you migat have jr.,zcil forever '"upon thst first un- spcakable bloom, that ll untouched end stainless down, wbich teemed as f a yeyr untiin" couiii roar ti. rer iit iB faCT nia'Tot, i "tut, pet hap Uo, it borrowed froiit that "waurtf. I attraction ; tho repose of the features wal I so soft tlind Kcnrle, that the eve wandered -L, rni ,tn,. act used- - jAftrik..'h rv .(! irwiintf rest- . ... ..r,. .fc'.r : itivr arc iiir, iucu (.uiiMtieieu wj into, m. they ,0,e ,he power of . ,ie bed- rfft dormitory of the nl, ide p0ifed errorn -H- . ' , -f'f PfUfthhc' rey the University of Got,.igen, uponr Dfcv. Uy f itirylwfl . ' Cte? 3 i:airr t 'I i- - i.j t- S .. . A. .4t ..
Western Carolinian (Salisbury, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 6, 1830, edition 1
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